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117:
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87:
387:
Alves and Van-Dunem planned to arrest Neto on 21 May before he arrived at a meeting of the
Central Committee and before the Commission of Enquiry released its report on the activities of the Nitistas. However, the MPLA changed the location of the meeting shortly before its scheduled start, throwing
520:
sent an additional 4000 troops to prevent further dissension within the MPLA's ranks and met with Neto in August in a display of solidarity. In contrast, Neto's distrust of the Soviet leadership increased, and relations with the
Soviets worsened. In December, the MPLA held its first party congress
359:'s power and so Neto gave Alves the task of once again clamping down on dissent. Alves shut down the Cabral and Henda Committees and expanded his influence within the MPLA through his control of the nation's newspapers and state-run television. He visited the
367:
against Neto. By the time he returned, Neto had grown suspicious of Alves' growing power and sought to neutralize him and his followers. Neto called a plenum meeting of the
Central Committee of the MPLA. There, he formally designated the party as
507:
were estimated to have been killed by Cuban and MPLA troops in the aftermath, with some estimates claiming as many as 70,000 dead. The coup attempt had a lasting effect on Angola's foreign relations. Alves had opposed Neto's foreign policy of
521:
and changed its name to the MPLA-Worker's Party (MPLA-PT). The attempted coup took a toll on its membership. In 1975, the MPLA had reached 200,000 members, but after the first party congress, that number decreased to 30,000.
516:, which Alves wanted to grant military bases in Angola. While Cuban soldiers actively helped Neto put down the coup, both Alves and Neto believed the Soviets opposed Neto. Cuban Armed Forces Minister
392:. Alves fought back, denouncing Neto for not aligning Angola with the Soviet Union. After twelve hours of debate, the party voted 26 to 6 to dismiss Alves and Van-Dunem from their positions.
471:
troops loyal to Neto retook the palace and marched to the radio station. They succeeded in taking the radio station and proceeded to the barracks of the 8th
Brigade, recapturing it by 1:30
447:, killing the prison warden and freeing more than 150 Nitistas, including 11 who had been arrested only a few days before. The 8th Brigade then took control of the radio station in
1721:
725:
2223:
1837:
2167:
1802:
1658:
1472:
500:
475:. While the Cuban force captured the palace and radio station, the Nitistas kidnapped seven leaders within the government and the military, shooting and killing six.
440:
2278:
1781:
1297:
2160:
1693:
1595:
946:
2293:
2146:
1767:
1318:
862:
388:
the plotters' plans into disarray. Alves attended the meeting and faced the commission anyway. The commission released its report, accusing him of
503:'s 8th Brigade), and political commissar Eduardo Evaristo, were shot and buried in secret graves. At least 2000 followers (or alleged followers) of
1230:
718:
1444:
1048:
897:
372:, abolished the Interior Ministry, and established a Commission of Enquiry. Neto used the commission to target the Nitistas with accusations of
2181:
487:
government arrested tens of thousands of suspected
Nitistas from May to November and tried them in secret courts overseen by Defense Minister
750:
1707:
1665:
1581:
855:
2132:
1946:
1795:
1269:
2030:
1830:
1430:
1346:
1332:
1062:
876:
711:
2288:
1879:
1851:
1360:
1276:
1255:
1216:
1209:
649:
625:
560:
2051:
1160:
932:
848:
1953:
1679:
1437:
1202:
1132:
1083:
1027:
953:
904:
827:
799:
2216:
2153:
1932:
1714:
2195:
2188:
2139:
2065:
2044:
1981:
1918:
1844:
1728:
1686:
1616:
1588:
1500:
1458:
1451:
1395:
1388:
1353:
1304:
1262:
1195:
1125:
1111:
1090:
1076:
1020:
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918:
883:
869:
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813:
806:
2209:
2202:
2037:
1893:
1809:
1479:
1339:
2125:
1872:
1735:
1637:
1630:
1567:
1539:
1416:
1381:
1374:
1118:
1055:
1006:
999:
484:
316:
78:
2111:
2090:
2009:
1939:
1788:
1560:
1546:
1367:
1283:
974:
967:
939:
1911:
1311:
1223:
1167:
785:
1553:
377:
265:
2023:
1760:
1602:
1486:
1034:
834:
757:
352:
200:
467:, but Neto had moved his base of operations from the palace to the Ministry of Defence in fear of such an uprising.
2273:
2104:
2072:
2058:
1960:
1925:
1865:
1823:
1644:
1623:
1574:
1525:
1518:
1423:
1409:
1146:
1139:
1097:
1041:
1013:
925:
890:
2174:
2016:
2002:
1974:
1967:
1858:
1816:
1774:
1753:
1700:
1672:
1532:
1493:
1402:
1290:
1988:
1609:
1325:
1188:
1104:
981:
2283:
2118:
2097:
1995:
1465:
1153:
1174:
778:
771:
376:, and ordered the commission to issue a report of its findings in March 1977. Alves and Chief of Staff
369:
1886:
911:
792:
509:
604:. Second Edition. Translated by G. E. Luton. Stichting Vrijheid, Vrede, Verdediging (Belgium), 1986.
459:
by demonstrating in front of the presidential palace. The
Nitistas captured Bula and Dangereaux,
552:
734:
645:
621:
556:
703:
1651:
764:
544:
215:
189:
1237:
460:
344:
211:
1069:
517:
464:
356:
348:
324:
287:
270:
253:
236:
156:
512:, evolutionary socialism, and multiracialism and favoured stronger relations with the
404:
2267:
545:
496:
282:
167:
841:
513:
488:
360:
178:
137:
615:
547:
The Cuban
Intervention in Angola, 1965–1991: From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale
492:
389:
373:
248:
121:
504:
436:
336:
320:
231:
2243:
355:. By 1975, factionalism within the MPLA had become a major challenge to
303:
587:
Sulc, Lawrence. "Communists coming clean about their past atrocities",
455:
Action
Committee and calling on citizens to show their support for the
448:
73:
45:
694:
The New
Insurgencies: Anticommunist Guerrillas in the Third World
468:
452:
340:
108:
91:
707:
399:
491:. Those who were found guilty, including Van-Dunem, his wife
363:
in
October 1976, and may have obtained Soviet support for a
439:
and the coup, ten armored cars with the 8th Brigade of the
679:
To Make a World Safe for Revolution: Cuba's Foreign Policy
416:
339:
had become a powerful member of the government and the
617:
In the Name of the People: Angola's Forgotten Massacre
441:
People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola (FAPLA)
341:
People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA)
2082:
1903:
1745:
1510:
1247:
991:
742:
451:and announced their coup, calling themselves the
23:
719:
8:
538:
536:
534:
726:
712:
704:
20:
2224:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
1838:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
842:Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965)
574:
572:
530:
380:, his political ally, began planning a
7:
849:Central African Republic (1965–66)
640:Georges A. Fauriol and Eva Loser.
14:
642:Cuba: The International Dimension
443:broke into São Paulo Prison at 4
351:and the Active Revolt during the
2279:Attempted coups d'état in Africa
602:Soviet Communism: The Essentials
403:
343:. He had successfully put down
313:1977 Angolan coup d'état attempt
286:
276:
269:
259:
252:
242:
235:
225:
205:
194:
183:
172:
161:
150:
130:
115:
101:
85:
72:
24:1977 Angolan coup d'état attempt
2098:Central African Republic (2021)
1996:Central African Republic (2013)
1782:Central African Republic (2003)
1768:Central African Republic (2001)
1319:Central African Republic (1982)
1298:Central African Republic (1981)
1238:Central African Republic (1979)
664:Angola: Anatomy of an Oil State
323:to overthrow the government of
614:Pawson, Lara (30 April 2014).
1:
2294:Angola–Soviet Union relations
2161:Burkina Faso (September 2022)
2168:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)
1803:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
1722:Republic of the Congo (1998)
1659:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)
1596:Sierra Leone (December 1992)
1473:São Tomé and Príncipe (1988)
1445:Republic of the Congo (1987)
1049:Republic of the Congo (1972)
947:Republic of the Congo (1968)
898:Republic of the Congo (1966)
751:Republic of the Congo (1960)
677:Domínguez, Jorge I. (1989).
327:. It took place on 27 May.
315:was a failed attempt by the
2147:Burkina Faso (January 2022)
1340:Upper Volta (February 1983)
578:George (2005), pp. 129–131.
79:People's Republic of Angola
2310:
1694:Sierra Leone (August 1996)
2233:
1347:Upper Volta (August 1983)
692:Radu, Michael S. (1990).
294:
143:
64:
28:
1831:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
1231:Equatorial Guinea (1979)
863:Burundi (November 1966)
551:. Frank Cass. pp.
543:George, Edward (2005).
2133:Sudan (September 2021)
968:Libya (September 1969)
884:Nigeria (January 1966)
591:(13 October 1990): 12.
378:José Jacinto Van-Dúnem
266:José Jacinto Van-Dúnem
144:Commanders and leaders
2289:Angola–Cuba relations
1624:Bophuthatswana (1994)
982:Libya (December 1969)
772:French Algeria (1961)
662:Hodges, Tony (2004).
295:Casualties and losses
122:MPLA Action Committee
16:Failed coup in angola
2217:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
2154:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
2140:Sudan (October 2021)
1989:Libya (October 2013)
1947:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
1933:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
1796:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
1775:Côte d'Ivoire (2002)
1754:Côte d'Ivoire (2001)
1736:Côte d'Ivoire (1999)
1715:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
1270:Guinea-Bissau (1980)
737:in Africa since 1960
2210:Sierra Leone (2023)
2203:Burkina Faso (2023)
2038:Burkina Faso (2016)
2031:Burkina Faso (2015)
1810:Burkina Faso (2003)
1708:Sierra Leone (1997)
1666:Sierra Leone (1996)
1582:Sierra Leone (1992)
1480:Burkina Faso (1989)
1431:Burkina Faso (1987)
933:Sierra Leone (1968)
891:Nigeria (July 1966)
856:Burundi (July 1966)
696:. pp. 134–135.
353:War of Independence
335:By the late 1970s,
1333:Upper Volta (1982)
1277:Upper Volta (1980)
1175:Uganda (June 1977)
1063:Upper Volta (1974)
877:Upper Volta (1966)
415:. You can help by
319:interior minister
2274:Angolan Civil War
2261:
2260:
2238:: successful coup
2017:The Gambia (2014)
1954:Mali (April 2012)
1940:Mali (March 2012)
1912:Madagascar (2010)
1894:Madagascar (2009)
1880:Mauritania (2008)
1866:Madagascar (2006)
1852:Mauritania (2005)
1789:Mauritania (2003)
1361:Mauritania (1984)
1312:Seychelles (1981)
1284:Mauritania (1981)
1256:Mauritania (1980)
1217:Mauritania (1979)
1210:Mauritania (1978)
1161:Seychelles (1977)
474:
446:
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60:
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370:Marxist–Leninist
290:
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2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2078:
2073:Ethiopia (2019)
2071:
2064:
2057:
2052:Zimbabwe (2017)
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
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1524:
1517:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1487:Ethiopia (1989)
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1459:Transkei (1987)
1457:
1450:
1443:
1436:
1429:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1368:Cameroon (1984)
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
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1229:
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1187:
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1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1084:Ethiopia (1974)
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1019:
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1005:
998:
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847:
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826:
819:
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784:
777:
770:
763:
758:Ethiopia (1960)
756:
749:
738:
732:
702:
701:
691:
690:
686:
676:
675:
671:
661:
660:
656:
639:
635:
628:
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595:
586:
582:
577:
570:
563:
542:
541:
532:
527:
481:
429:
423:
420:
413:needs expansion
398:
345:Daniel Chipenda
333:
277:
275:
274:
260:
258:
257:
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48:
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12:
11:
5:
2307:
2305:
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2286:
2284:1977 in Angola
2281:
2276:
2266:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2252:attempted coup
2247:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2119:Tunisia (2021)
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2024:Burundi (2015)
2020:
2013:
2010:Lesotho (2014)
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1968:Eritrea (2013)
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1761:Burundi (2001)
1757:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1680:Burundi (1996)
1676:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1652:Comoros (1995)
1648:
1645:Liberia (1994)
1641:
1638:Lesotho (1994)
1634:
1627:
1620:
1617:Nigeria (1993)
1613:
1606:
1603:Burundi (1993)
1599:
1592:
1589:Algeria (1992)
1585:
1578:
1571:
1568:Lesotho (1991)
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1526:Nigeria (1990)
1522:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1452:Tunisia (1987)
1448:
1441:
1438:Burundi (1987)
1434:
1427:
1420:
1417:Lesotho (1986)
1413:
1410:Liberia (1985)
1406:
1399:
1392:
1389:Nigeria (1985)
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1354:Nigeria (1983)
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1263:Liberia (1980)
1259:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1196:Comoros (1978)
1192:
1189:Somalia (1978)
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1140:Nigeria (1976)
1136:
1133:Burundi (1976)
1129:
1126:Comoros (1976)
1122:
1115:
1112:Nigeria (1975)
1108:
1101:
1094:
1091:Comoros (1975)
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1042:Morocco (1972)
1038:
1031:
1028:Dahomey (1972)
1024:
1017:
1014:Morocco (1971)
1010:
1003:
1000:Lesotho (1970)
995:
993:
989:
988:
986:
985:
978:
975:Somalia (1969)
971:
964:
957:
954:Dahomey (1969)
950:
943:
936:
929:
926:Algeria (1967)
922:
915:
908:
905:Dahomey (1967)
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
866:
859:
852:
845:
838:
835:Burundi (1965)
831:
828:Dahomey (1965)
824:
821:Algeria (1965)
817:
810:
803:
800:Dahomey (1963)
796:
793:Algeria (1962)
789:
786:Senegal (1962)
782:
779:Somalia (1961)
775:
768:
761:
754:
746:
744:
740:
739:
733:
731:
730:
723:
716:
708:
700:
699:
684:
681:. p. 158.
669:
654:
633:
626:
620:. I.B.Tauris.
606:
600:Ramaer, J. C.
593:
580:
568:
561:
529:
528:
526:
523:
480:
477:
435:In support of
431:
430:
410:
408:
397:
394:
384:against Neto.
349:Eastern Revolt
332:
329:
325:Agostinho Neto
307:
306:
300:
297:
296:
292:
291:
222:
157:Agostinho Neto
146:
145:
141:
140:
111:
95:
94:
67:
66:
62:
61:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
44:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2306:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2253:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2179:
2176:
2175:Gambia (2022)
2172:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2126:Guinea (2021)
2123:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2018:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1916:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:Guinea (2008)
1870:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1828:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1769:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1701:Zambia (1997)
1698:
1695:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1681:
1677:
1674:
1673:Guinea (1996)
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1632:
1631:Gambia (1994)
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1611:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1547:Ciskei (1990)
1544:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1533:Zambia (1990)
1530:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1403:Guinea (1985)
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:
1382:Uganda (1985)
1379:
1376:
1375:Guinea (1984)
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1291:Gambia (1981)
1288:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1182:Angola (1977)
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1070:Uganda (1974)
1067:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1056:Rwanda (1973)
1053:
1050:
1046:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1007:Uganda (1971)
1004:
1001:
997:
996:
994:
990:
983:
979:
976:
972:
969:
965:
962:
958:
955:
951:
948:
944:
941:
937:
934:
930:
927:
923:
920:
916:
913:
909:
906:
902:
899:
895:
892:
888:
885:
881:
878:
874:
871:
867:
864:
860:
857:
853:
850:
846:
843:
839:
836:
832:
829:
825:
822:
818:
815:
811:
808:
804:
801:
797:
794:
790:
787:
783:
780:
776:
773:
769:
766:
765:Rwanda (1961)
762:
759:
755:
752:
748:
747:
745:
741:
736:
729:
724:
722:
717:
715:
710:
709:
706:
695:
688:
685:
680:
673:
670:
666:. p. 50.
665:
658:
655:
651:
650:0-88738-324-6
647:
643:
637:
634:
629:
627:9781780769059
623:
619:
618:
610:
607:
603:
597:
594:
590:
584:
581:
575:
573:
569:
564:
562:9780415350150
558:
554:
549:
548:
539:
537:
535:
531:
524:
522:
519:
515:
511:
510:non-alignment
506:
502:
499:(the head of
498:
497:Jacob Caetano
494:
490:
486:
478:
476:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
442:
438:
427:
424:December 2018
418:
414:
411:This section
409:
406:
402:
401:
395:
393:
391:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
305:
302:2,000—70,000
301:
299:
298:
293:
289:
284:
283:Jacob Caetano
272:
267:
255:
250:
238:
233:
223:
221:
219:
213:
202:
191:
180:
169:
158:
148:
147:
142:
139:
127:
126:Supported by:
124:
123:
112:
110:
98:
97:Supported by:
93:
83:
82:
81:
80:
75:
69:
68:
63:
55:
52:
51:
47:
43:
40:
39:
35:
32:
31:
27:
22:
19:
2251:
2250:no sign for
2196:Gabon (2023)
2189:Niger (2023)
2182:Sudan (2023)
2105:Niger (2021)
2066:Sudan (2019)
2059:Gabon (2019)
2045:Libya (2016)
2003:Libya (2014)
1982:Egypt (2013)
1961:Sudan (2012)
1926:Niger (2011)
1919:Niger (2010)
1887:Sudan (2008)
1824:Sudan (2004)
1729:Niger (1999)
1687:Niger (1996)
1610:Libya (1993)
1575:Sudan (1992)
1554:Venda (1990)
1519:Sudan (1990)
1501:Sudan (1989)
1466:Benin (1988)
1396:Sudan (1985)
1326:Kenya (1982)
1305:Ghana (1981)
1224:Ghana (1979)
1203:Ghana (1978)
1181:
1168:Sudan (1977)
1154:Benin (1977)
1147:Sudan (1976)
1105:Libya (1975)
1098:Sudan (1975)
1077:Niger (1974)
1035:Ghana (1972)
1021:Sudan (1971)
961:Sudan (1969)
912:Ghana (1967)
870:Ghana (1966)
814:Gabon (1964)
735:Coups d'état
693:
687:
678:
672:
663:
657:
641:
636:
616:
609:
601:
596:
589:Human Events
588:
583:
546:
514:Soviet Union
489:Iko Carreira
482:
456:
434:
421:
417:adding to it
412:
396:Coup attempt
386:
381:
364:
361:Soviet Union
334:
312:
310:
217:
212:Saíde Mingas
179:Iko Carreira
138:Soviet Union
125:
113:
96:
70:
65:Belligerents
18:
2112:Mali (2021)
2091:Mali (2020)
1975:Chad (2013)
1859:Chad (2006)
1845:Togo (2005)
1817:Chad (2004)
1561:Mali (1991)
1540:Chad (1990)
1494:Chad (1989)
1424:Togo (1986)
1119:Chad (1975)
940:Mali (1968)
919:Togo (1967)
807:Togo (1963)
518:Raúl Castro
493:Sita Valles
390:fractionism
382:coup d'état
374:fractionism
249:Sita Valles
56:Coup failed
36:27 May 1977
2268:Categories
652:), p. 164.
525:References
505:Nito Alves
331:Background
321:Nito Alves
232:Nito Alves
168:Lúcio Lara
2244:self-coup
479:Aftermath
463:loyal to
644:, 1990 (
461:generals
304:executed
41:Location
485:Angolan
317:Angolan
218:†
648:
624:
559:
555:–128.
449:Luanda
285:
268:
251:
234:
214:
135:
106:
53:Result
46:Angola
2083:2020s
1904:2010s
1746:2000s
1511:1990s
1248:1980s
992:1970s
743:1960s
501:FAPLA
469:Cuban
437:Alves
337:Alves
646:ISBN
622:ISBN
557:ISBN
483:The
465:Neto
457:coup
453:MPLA
365:coup
357:Neto
311:The
109:Cuba
92:MPLA
33:Date
553:127
419:.
347:'s
2270::
571:^
533:^
495:,
473:PM
445:AM
727:e
720:t
713:v
630:.
565:.
426:)
422:(
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