127:
118:
94:
73:
700:
260:, overthrowing President Lamizana. The coup proved both bloodless and successful. The riot police, deployed against the striking workers, attempted a counter-coup in support of Lamizana, but failed to reinstate him. Zerbo – a military veteran, former Minister of Foreign Affairs 1974–1976, commander of the army regiment in the capital
304:
This contention didn't last long – the government faced large protests already in May, after Zerbo announced the imposition of mandatory military service and warned the unions to watch their tone towards the regime. Later, after continued unrest, he would ban labour strikes a few weeks ahead of the coup's one-year anniversary.
303:
The new
President Zerbo initially had the support of the trade unions, as Lamizana once had after his 1966 coup, winning the support of the striking teachers by giving in to most of their demands. The traditional chieftains also supported Zerbo. On 16 December, he established a 16-member cabinet.
247:
On 1 October, school teachers started striking, which transformed into a full general strike by early
November, putting heavy pressure on the government. On 12 November, President Lamizana survived a motion of no confidence, with a 33–24 vote margin. While the teachers agreed on 22 November to go
238:
In
February 1979 the major trade unions launched a new anti-Lamizana campaign. In May, two prominent labour leaders were arrested for inciting revolt – week-long protest strikes soon led to their release. Two months later, Lamizana denounced the unionist demands, calling for national unity. By
226:
in 1977, when he was elected as the leader of a civilian regime. During the 1970s, the
Lamizana government faced many problems, among them continued opposition from the trade unions, the rise of new political opposition groups, a strong
239:
December, the president finally acknowledges the country's dependence on
Western aid for survival. On 7 January 1980, a general strike began. It proved brief, but more trouble lay ahead for Lamizana by the end of the year.
1939:
943:
2491:
2441:
2055:
720:
2385:
2020:
1876:
1690:
1999:
1515:
688:
2378:
1911:
1813:
648:
1164:
546:
2364:
643:
1985:
1536:
1080:
223:
1448:
936:
2511:
2501:
1662:
1266:
1115:
200:
83:
2399:
968:
666:
1925:
1883:
1799:
1073:
264:, and head of military intelligence – suspended the constitution, and established the Military Committee of Recovery for National Progress (
2350:
2164:
2013:
1487:
2248:
2048:
1648:
1564:
1550:
1280:
1094:
929:
681:
630:
610:
603:
590:
580:
575:
308:
208:
180:
2097:
2069:
1578:
1494:
1473:
1434:
1427:
512:
471:
438:
405:
361:
2269:
1378:
1150:
1066:
2171:
1897:
1655:
1420:
1350:
1301:
1245:
1171:
1122:
1045:
1017:
539:
2434:
2371:
2150:
1932:
2413:
2406:
2357:
2283:
2262:
2199:
2136:
2062:
1946:
1904:
1834:
1806:
1718:
1676:
1669:
1613:
1606:
1571:
1522:
1480:
1413:
1343:
1329:
1308:
1294:
1238:
1178:
1136:
1101:
1087:
1038:
1031:
1024:
2427:
2420:
2255:
2111:
2027:
1697:
1557:
674:
655:
635:
620:
615:
598:
2343:
2090:
1953:
1855:
1848:
1785:
1757:
1634:
1599:
1592:
1336:
1273:
1224:
1217:
2506:
2329:
2308:
2227:
2157:
2006:
1778:
1764:
1585:
1501:
1192:
1185:
1157:
735:
730:
725:
704:
2129:
1529:
1441:
1385:
1003:
211:, in which Lieutenant Colonel Sangoulé Lamizana took power. This marked the beginning of a long era of military rule in
204:
102:
1771:
2241:
1978:
1820:
1704:
1252:
1052:
975:
532:
235:, and so on. The need for foreign aid reached record levels, in 1979 making up a full 70% of the government budget.
2496:
2322:
2290:
2276:
2178:
2143:
2083:
2041:
1862:
1841:
1792:
1743:
1736:
1641:
1627:
1364:
1357:
1315:
1259:
1231:
1143:
1108:
625:
430:
312:
77:
2392:
2234:
2220:
2192:
2185:
2076:
2034:
1992:
1971:
1918:
1890:
1750:
1711:
1620:
1508:
1399:
426:
2206:
1827:
1543:
1406:
1322:
1199:
272:, CMPRN), a 31-member junta. Several members of the junta were young and radical, among them future presidents
252:
2336:
2315:
2213:
1683:
1371:
563:
397:
353:
324:
212:
148:
93:
72:
40:
1392:
996:
989:
315:
President. Military rule has continued in the country since then, with numerous coups and coup attempts.
524:
52:
2104:
1129:
1010:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
176:
121:
500:
277:
196:
504:
203:. Following several rigged elections and a new austerity budget being instituted, the powerful
952:
555:
508:
467:
434:
401:
357:
256:
126:
117:
921:
1869:
982:
488:
393:
349:
1455:
265:
232:
1287:
273:
130:
2485:
489:
228:
168:
1059:
708:
559:
289:
281:
216:
152:
496:
285:
261:
288:, two groups sidelined by Lamizana, although Zerbo like his predecessor was a
172:
135:
2461:
463:
307:
After two years of similar actions, Zerbo was overthrown by the military in
222:
Lamizana would go on to rule the country as a military dictator until the
423:
An
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945-1996
156:
459:
192:
164:
160:
292:
179:, another military leader. Zerbo himself would be overthrown only
491:
Coups from Below: Armed
Subalterns and State Power in West Africa
388:
Rupley, Lawrence; Bangali, Lamissa; Diamitani, Boureima (2013).
344:
Rupley, Lawrence; Bangali, Lamissa; Diamitani, Boureima (2013).
199:
set about creating a single-party dictatorship ruled by his own
925:
670:
528:
280:. Among the parts of society that supported the coup were the
270:
98:
Military
Committee of Recovery for National Progress
2300:
2121:
1963:
1728:
1465:
1209:
960:
51:Coup successful, civil government overthrown and
207:rose up against the President, which caused the
248:back to work, the unrest had yet to culminate.
18:
937:
682:
540:
8:
456:Encyclopedia of Conflicts since World War II
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
373:
454:Ciment, James; Hill, Kenneth, eds. (2012).
944:
930:
922:
689:
675:
667:
547:
533:
525:
15:
251:On 25 November, Colonel Saye Zerbo led a
191:Upper Volta had gained independence from
2442:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
2056:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
1060:Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965)
336:
147:took place on 25 November 1980 in the
390:Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso
346:Historical Dictionary of Burkina Faso
7:
2492:1980s coups d'état and coup attempts
1067:Central African Republic (1965–66)
224:Upper Voltan presidential election
14:
698:
125:
116:
92:
71:
2316:Central African Republic (2021)
2214:Central African Republic (2013)
2000:Central African Republic (2003)
1986:Central African Republic (2001)
1537:Central African Republic (1982)
1516:Central African Republic (1981)
1456:Central African Republic (1979)
195:in 1960, after which President
2512:November 1980 events in Africa
2502:Military coups in Burkina Faso
155:). Following a long period of
1:
2379:Burkina Faso (September 2022)
421:Jessup, John E., ed. (1998).
209:1966 Upper Voltan coup d'état
145:1980 Upper Voltan coup d'état
19:1980 Upper Voltan coup d'état
2386:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)
2021:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
1940:Republic of the Congo (1998)
1877:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)
1814:Sierra Leone (December 1992)
1691:São Tomé and Príncipe (1988)
1663:Republic of the Congo (1987)
1267:Republic of the Congo (1972)
1165:Republic of the Congo (1968)
1116:Republic of the Congo (1966)
969:Republic of the Congo (1960)
2365:Burkina Faso (January 2022)
1558:Upper Volta (February 1983)
2528:
1912:Sierra Leone (August 1996)
431:Greenwood Publishing Group
2451:
1565:Upper Volta (August 1983)
716:
571:
487:Kandeh, Jimmy D. (2004).
110:
63:
23:
2049:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
1449:Equatorial Guinea (1979)
309:yet another coup in 1982
201:Voltaic Democratic Union
84:African Democratic Rally
1081:Burundi (November 1966)
325:History of Burkina Faso
313:Jean-Baptiste Ouédraogo
149:Republic of Upper Volta
2351:Sudan (September 2021)
1186:Libya (September 1969)
1102:Nigeria (January 1966)
269:
111:Commanders and leaders
1842:Bophuthatswana (1994)
1200:Libya (December 1969)
990:French Algeria (1961)
284:and the Upper Voltan
2507:1980s in Upper Volta
2435:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
2372:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
2358:Sudan (October 2021)
2207:Libya (October 2013)
2165:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
2151:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
2014:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
1993:Côte d'Ivoire (2002)
1972:Côte d'Ivoire (2001)
1954:Côte d'Ivoire (1999)
1933:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
1488:Guinea-Bissau (1980)
955:in Africa since 1960
175:overthrew President
2428:Sierra Leone (2023)
2421:Burkina Faso (2023)
2256:Burkina Faso (2016)
2249:Burkina Faso (2015)
2028:Burkina Faso (2003)
1926:Sierra Leone (1997)
1884:Sierra Leone (1996)
1800:Sierra Leone (1992)
1698:Burkina Faso (1989)
1649:Burkina Faso (1987)
1151:Sierra Leone (1968)
1109:Nigeria (July 1966)
1074:Burundi (July 1966)
562:(formerly known as
311:, making Major Dr.
1551:Upper Volta (1982)
1495:Upper Volta (1980)
1393:Uganda (June 1977)
1281:Upper Volta (1974)
1095:Upper Volta (1966)
501:Palgrave Macmillan
400:. pp. 50–51.
356:. pp. 44–47.
2497:Conflicts in 1980
2479:
2478:
2456:: successful coup
2235:The Gambia (2014)
2172:Mali (April 2012)
2158:Mali (March 2012)
2130:Madagascar (2010)
2112:Madagascar (2009)
2098:Mauritania (2008)
2084:Madagascar (2006)
2070:Mauritania (2005)
2007:Mauritania (2003)
1579:Mauritania (1984)
1530:Seychelles (1981)
1502:Mauritania (1981)
1474:Mauritania (1980)
1435:Mauritania (1979)
1428:Mauritania (1978)
1379:Seychelles (1977)
919:
918:
664:
663:
177:Sangoulé Lamizana
141:
140:
122:Sangoulé Lamizana
59:
58:
2519:
2472:
2464:
2457:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2367:
2360:
2353:
2346:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2311:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2160:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2132:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
2072:
2065:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1458:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1353:
1346:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1181:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1006:
999:
992:
985:
978:
971:
946:
939:
932:
923:
703:
702:
701:
691:
684:
677:
668:
549:
542:
535:
526:
519:
518:
494:
484:
478:
477:
451:
445:
444:
418:
412:
411:
385:
368:
367:
341:
129:
120:
97:
96:
76:
75:
31:25 November 1980
25:
24:
16:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2467:
2460:
2455:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2296:
2291:Ethiopia (2019)
2289:
2282:
2275:
2270:Zimbabwe (2017)
2268:
2261:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2184:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2128:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2012:
2005:
1998:
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1840:
1833:
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1705:Ethiopia (1989)
1703:
1696:
1689:
1682:
1677:Transkei (1987)
1675:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1640:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1586:Cameroon (1984)
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1521:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1302:Ethiopia (1974)
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1216:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1149:
1142:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1086:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
976:Ethiopia (1960)
974:
967:
956:
950:
920:
915:
712:
699:
697:
695:
665:
660:
567:
553:
523:
522:
515:
486:
485:
481:
474:
466:. p. 337.
453:
452:
448:
441:
433:. p. 833.
420:
419:
415:
408:
398:Scarecrow Press
387:
386:
371:
364:
354:Scarecrow Press
343:
342:
338:
333:
321:
301:
278:Blaise Compaoré
245:
233:desertification
197:Maurice Yaméogo
189:
181:two years later
124:
91:
70:
43:
12:
11:
5:
2525:
2523:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2470:attempted coup
2465:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2337:Tunisia (2021)
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2242:Burundi (2015)
2238:
2231:
2228:Lesotho (2014)
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2186:Eritrea (2013)
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1979:Burundi (2001)
1975:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1898:Burundi (1996)
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1870:Comoros (1995)
1866:
1863:Liberia (1994)
1859:
1856:Lesotho (1994)
1852:
1845:
1838:
1835:Nigeria (1993)
1831:
1824:
1821:Burundi (1993)
1817:
1810:
1807:Algeria (1992)
1803:
1796:
1789:
1786:Lesotho (1991)
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1744:Nigeria (1990)
1740:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1715:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1670:Tunisia (1987)
1666:
1659:
1656:Burundi (1987)
1652:
1645:
1638:
1635:Lesotho (1986)
1631:
1628:Liberia (1985)
1624:
1617:
1610:
1607:Nigeria (1985)
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1572:Nigeria (1983)
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1481:Liberia (1980)
1477:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1414:Comoros (1978)
1410:
1407:Somalia (1978)
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1358:Nigeria (1976)
1354:
1351:Burundi (1976)
1347:
1344:Comoros (1976)
1340:
1333:
1330:Nigeria (1975)
1326:
1319:
1312:
1309:Comoros (1975)
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1260:Morocco (1972)
1256:
1249:
1246:Dahomey (1972)
1242:
1235:
1232:Morocco (1971)
1228:
1221:
1218:Lesotho (1970)
1213:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1196:
1193:Somalia (1969)
1189:
1182:
1175:
1172:Dahomey (1969)
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1144:Algeria (1967)
1140:
1133:
1126:
1123:Dahomey (1967)
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1053:Burundi (1965)
1049:
1046:Dahomey (1965)
1042:
1039:Algeria (1965)
1035:
1028:
1021:
1018:Dahomey (1963)
1014:
1011:Algeria (1962)
1007:
1004:Senegal (1962)
1000:
997:Somalia (1961)
993:
986:
979:
972:
964:
962:
958:
957:
951:
949:
948:
941:
934:
926:
917:
916:
914:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
717:
714:
713:
711:(1960–present)
696:
694:
693:
686:
679:
671:
662:
661:
659:
658:
653:
652:
651:
646:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
607:
606:
601:
593:
588:
583:
578:
572:
569:
568:
554:
552:
551:
544:
537:
529:
521:
520:
513:
479:
472:
446:
439:
413:
406:
369:
362:
335:
334:
332:
329:
328:
327:
320:
317:
300:
297:
274:Thomas Sankara
244:
241:
188:
185:
169:labour strikes
139:
138:
133:
131:Joseph Conombo
113:
112:
108:
107:
106:
105:
88:
87:
86:
66:
65:
61:
60:
57:
56:
49:
45:
44:
39:
37:
33:
32:
29:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2524:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2471:
2466:
2463:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2411:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2393:Gambia (2022)
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:Guinea (2021)
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2320:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2246:
2243:
2239:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2155:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:Guinea (2008)
2088:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:Zambia (1997)
1916:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1891:Guinea (1996)
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1849:Gambia (1994)
1846:
1843:
1839:
1836:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1765:Ciskei (1990)
1762:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1751:Zambia (1990)
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1720:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1621:Guinea (1985)
1618:
1615:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1600:Uganda (1985)
1597:
1594:
1593:Guinea (1984)
1590:
1587:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1509:Gambia (1981)
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1400:Angola (1977)
1397:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1376:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1288:Uganda (1974)
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1274:Rwanda (1973)
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1225:Uganda (1971)
1222:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1005:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
987:
984:
983:Rwanda (1961)
980:
977:
973:
970:
966:
965:
963:
959:
954:
947:
942:
940:
935:
933:
928:
927:
924:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
715:
710:
706:
692:
687:
685:
680:
678:
673:
672:
669:
657:
654:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:2014 uprising
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
605:
602:
600:
597:
596:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
573:
570:
565:
561:
557:
550:
545:
543:
538:
536:
531:
530:
527:
516:
514:140-397-877-8
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
492:
483:
480:
475:
473:113-659-621-6
469:
465:
461:
457:
450:
447:
442:
440:031-328-112-2
436:
432:
428:
427:Santa Barbara
424:
417:
414:
409:
407:081-088-010-5
403:
399:
395:
391:
384:
382:
380:
378:
376:
374:
370:
365:
363:081-088-010-5
359:
355:
351:
347:
340:
337:
330:
326:
323:
322:
318:
316:
314:
310:
305:
298:
296:
294:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
258:
254:
249:
242:
240:
236:
234:
231:, increasing
230:
229:Sahel drought
225:
220:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
186:
184:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
137:
134:
132:
128:
123:
119:
115:
114:
109:
104:
101:
100:
99:
95:
89:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
74:
68:
67:
62:
54:
53:military rule
50:
47:
46:
42:
38:
35:
34:
30:
27:
26:
22:
17:
2469:
2468:no sign for
2414:Gabon (2023)
2407:Niger (2023)
2400:Sudan (2023)
2323:Niger (2021)
2284:Sudan (2019)
2277:Gabon (2019)
2263:Libya (2016)
2221:Libya (2014)
2200:Egypt (2013)
2179:Sudan (2012)
2144:Niger (2011)
2137:Niger (2010)
2105:Sudan (2008)
2042:Sudan (2004)
1947:Niger (1999)
1905:Niger (1996)
1828:Libya (1993)
1793:Sudan (1992)
1772:Venda (1990)
1737:Sudan (1990)
1719:Sudan (1989)
1684:Benin (1988)
1614:Sudan (1985)
1544:Kenya (1982)
1523:Ghana (1981)
1442:Ghana (1979)
1421:Ghana (1978)
1386:Sudan (1977)
1372:Benin (1977)
1365:Sudan (1976)
1323:Libya (1975)
1316:Sudan (1975)
1295:Niger (1974)
1253:Ghana (1972)
1239:Sudan (1971)
1179:Sudan (1969)
1130:Ghana (1967)
1088:Ghana (1966)
1032:Gabon (1964)
953:Coups d'état
709:Burkina Faso
656:2023 attempt
636:2016 attempt
621:2003 attempt
616:1989 attempt
585:
560:Burkina Faso
490:
482:
455:
449:
422:
416:
389:
345:
339:
306:
302:
282:Mossi people
255:
250:
246:
237:
221:
217:Burkina Faso
205:trade unions
190:
153:Burkina Faso
144:
142:
103:Trade unions
90:
69:
64:Belligerents
2330:Mali (2021)
2309:Mali (2020)
2193:Chad (2013)
2077:Chad (2006)
2063:Togo (2005)
2035:Chad (2004)
1779:Mali (1991)
1758:Chad (1990)
1712:Chad (1989)
1642:Togo (1986)
1337:Chad (1975)
1158:Mali (1968)
1137:Togo (1967)
1025:Togo (1963)
564:Upper Volta
503:. pp.
497:Basingstoke
262:Ouagadougou
257:coup d'état
213:Upper Volta
41:Upper Volta
2486:Categories
331:References
215:and later
187:Background
173:Saye Zerbo
171:, Colonel
163:, popular
136:Saye Zerbo
78:Government
55:reinstated
2462:self-coup
721:Pre-1960s
649:September
464:Routledge
299:Aftermath
286:Catholics
319:See also
253:military
36:Location
644:January
599:attempt
157:drought
151:(today
511:
507:-123.
470:
460:London
437:
404:
394:Lanham
360:
350:Lanham
293:Muslim
266:French
193:France
165:unrest
161:famine
48:Result
2301:2020s
2122:2010s
1964:2000s
1729:1990s
1466:1980s
1210:1970s
961:1960s
736:1980s
731:1970s
726:1960s
705:Years
640:2022
595:1983
556:Coups
290:Bissa
911:2024
906:2023
901:2022
896:2021
891:2020
886:2019
881:2018
876:2017
871:2016
866:2015
861:2014
856:2013
851:2012
846:2011
841:2010
836:2009
831:2008
826:2007
821:2006
816:2005
811:2004
806:2003
801:2002
796:2001
791:2000
786:1999
781:1998
776:1997
771:1996
766:1995
761:1994
756:1993
751:1992
746:1991
741:1990
631:2015
611:1987
604:coup
591:1982
586:1980
581:1974
576:1966
509:ISBN
468:ISBN
435:ISBN
402:ISBN
358:ISBN
276:and
243:Coup
167:and
143:The
28:Date
707:in
558:in
505:122
2488::
499::
495:.
462::
458:.
429::
425:.
396::
392:.
372:^
352::
348:.
295:.
268::
219:.
183:.
159:,
945:e
938:t
931:v
690:e
683:t
676:v
566:)
548:e
541:t
534:v
517:.
476:.
443:.
410:.
366:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
