167:
30:
211:
1314:
556:
895:
Overall, the result was a setback for the ruling elite. Although all candidates were officially independents, various candidates were well known as having the backing of the government. In total about 70% of the "official" candidates lost their seats. In the elected
Rastriya Panchayat, there were 57
697:
were contested by 1,096 candidates. Virtually all candidates campaigned on slogans such as "God and
Motherhood", portraying themselves as opponents of corruption and inflation. With the absence of organized political parties in the election, the campaign was rather low-key. Mass rallies were not
702:. Most candidates relied heavily on door-to-door campaigning and canvassing through family, caste and ethnic networks. Candidates also used posters and vehicles with loudspeakers. The spending ceiling of each candidate was fixed at 30,000
664:. According to official reports, 63% of the eligible voters took part in the polls. However, there were some inconsistencies in the report of voting numbers. Voter turnout was 52.2%. There were 7,793,119 eligible voters for this election.
676:
formed two-member constituencies whilst the less populated 35 districts formed single-member constituencies. The 15 mountain districts were all single-member constituencies. The hill districts elected 57 seats, the
1012:
991:
were the largest ethnic group in the
Rastriya Panchayat with 41 members elected. Twenty-eight women candidates contested the election, out of whom two were elected;
1466:
1302:
642:
1374:
1369:
593:
327:
660:
The election were the first to be held after the constitutional amendment. In total there were 112 elected seats, whilst 28 were appointed by the
512:
1280:
52:
494:
490:
1492:
476:
471:
315:
310:
305:
1414:
1409:
710:
622:
354:
349:
332:
293:
1271:
1101:
722:
396:
166:
141:
1507:
1502:
1326:
1295:
950:
162:
119:
892:. He was supported, unofficially, by Surya Bahadur Thapa. Koirala did however lose the election, whilst K.I. Singh was elected.
1497:
1487:
1401:
586:
407:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1339:
1334:
432:
337:
1450:
1445:
371:
366:
132:
678:
566:
288:
259:
1288:
537:
154:
1440:
1435:
1430:
903:
the royal house and the prime minister supported opposing candidates, eventually resulting in the defeat for both.
899:
The defeats of the government endorsed side was partially due to divisions inside the government endorsed camp. In
718:
579:
462:
437:
934:
206:
266:
146:
725:, 6 for the Praja Parishad, and 1 for the Tarai Congress. 17 of these 70 candidates won in the 1981 election.
1263:
965:
915:
865:
442:
218:
114:
95:
1512:
923:
881:
502:
422:
255:
250:
226:
996:
977:
961:
938:
954:
650:
234:
57:
43:
992:
942:
927:
911:
910:, a cabinet minister. Malla got 76,720 votes. The elected member with the lowest number of votes was
517:
62:
728:
Candidates had to pay a security deposit of 1,500 Nepalese rupees in order to contest the election.
946:
919:
869:
389:
75:
1318:
1000:
981:
973:
694:
673:
618:
614:
542:
402:
279:
198:
136:
89:
84:
29:
1267:
1097:
969:
907:
873:
693:
Initially there were 1,451 total candidates, of whom 353 later withdrew. The 122 seats in the
654:
646:
507:
210:
20:
621:; this was the first election through universal suffrage held in Nepal in 22 years. However,
1219:
1112:
1069:
1034:
941:
had launched 36 candidates. Four of them were elected; Dr. K.I. Singh, Bakhan Singh Gurung,
856:
417:
182:
100:
900:
889:
714:
626:
480:
174:
1257:
703:
1481:
1089:
661:
412:
190:
126:
560:
999:. Dahal, a relatively unknown person in Nepalese politics at the time, swept the
1189:, Vol. 22, No. 2, A Survey of Asia in 1981: Part II, (Feb., 1982), pp. 155-162.
657:
creating direct elections and allowing for the election of the prime minister.
885:
447:
1227:
1120:
1077:
1042:
699:
630:
1003:
polls. Her election was seen as a mistrust vote against the establishment.
625:
were banned at the time, and the main underground opposition forces (the
1181:
1143:
988:
1313:
933:
Whilst the Nepali
Congress leadership had called for boycott, the
682:
610:
1284:
914:, who got 3,137 votes. independent supporters of reintroducing
1013:
List of members elected in the 1981 Nepalese general election
709:
70 of the candidates in the election had also contested the
960:
Some independent leftwing candidates were elected, such as
906:
The candidate who received the highest number of votes was
957:
had launched over 45-50 candidates, but none got elected.
713:. Of those candidates 29 ran as independents, 18 for the
649:
was held and approved. In
December, an amendment to the
1053:
1051:
1459:
1423:
1400:
1325:
1144:The Sociology of Elections in Nepal, 1959 to 1981
1092:, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001)
633:groups) called for a boycott of the election.
617:. 80% of the seats were elected through adult
1296:
587:
8:
1151:, Vol. 22, No. 3, (Mar., 1982), pp. 304-314.
1094:Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1303:
1289:
1281:
888:. Matrika Prasad Koirala contested in the
735:
594:
580:
15:
1045:: Manohar Publications, 1990. p. 106-107.
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
880:prime ministers contested the election,
876:. He got 40,546 votes in total. Two pre-
1182:Nepal in 1981: Stagnation Amidst Change
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1024:
849:
836:
823:
810:
797:
793:
779:
18:
1239:
1198:
1160:
1057:
1030:
1028:
613:on 9 May 1981 to elect members of the
1230:: Manohar Publications, 1990. p. 111.
1123:: Manohar Publications, 1990. p. 108.
1080:: Manohar Publications, 1990. p. 110.
872:, contested and was elected from the
837:
824:
811:
798:
740:
7:
1319:Elections and referendums in Nepal
14:
723:Nepal Rashtrabadi Gorkha Parishad
1312:
554:
209:
165:
28:
681:districts eight seats and the
1:
1259:Nation-Building in South Asia
53:Fundamental Rights and Duties
260:Bishowambhar Prasad Shrestha
1224:Politics in Nepal 1980-1990
1117:Politics in Nepal 1980-1990
1074:Politics in Nepal 1980-1990
1039:Politics in Nepal 1980-1990
896:newcomers to the assembly.
472:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1529:
1493:General elections in Nepal
951:pro-Soviet Communist Party
719:Samyukta Prajatantra Party
850:
838:Registered voters/turnout
794:
780:
773:
770:
749:
746:
743:
1256:Upreti, B., ed. (1991).
397:Administrative divisions
163:House of Representatives
1508:1981 elections in Nepal
1503:May 1981 events in Asia
1264:University of Rajasthan
916:parliamentary democracy
219:Ganesh Prasad Timilsina
1498:Non-partisan elections
1488:1981 elections in Asia
1179:Panday, Devendra Raj.
924:Prakash Chandra Lohani
918:who were elected were
882:Matrika Prasad Koirala
491:Diplomatic missions of
408:Provincial governments
256:Chief Justice of Nepal
227:Krishna Prasad Sitaula
955:Keshar Jung Rayamajhi
413:Provincial Assemblies
235:Narayan Kaji Shrestha
1402:Provincial elections
685:districts 32 seats.
448:Rural Municipalities
133:Council of Ministers
997:Bhadra Kumari Ghale
978:Karna Bahadur Hyuju
962:Govinda Nath Upreti
939:Bakhan Singh Gurung
920:Arjun Narsingh K.C.
870:Surya Bahadur Thapa
812:Invalid/blank votes
737:
653:was passed by King
289:Election Commission
233:Opposition Leader:
197:Opposition Leader:
1201:, p. 381-382.
1001:Kathmandu district
935:dissident fraction
736:
698:held, not even in
695:Rastriya Panchayat
674:districts of Nepal
619:universal suffrage
615:Rastriya Panchayat
538:Democracy movement
199:Pushpa Kamal Dahal
155:Federal Parliament
90:Ram Chandra Poudel
1475:
1474:
1327:General elections
993:Nani Mainya Dahal
970:Rup Chandra Bista
943:Kashi Nath Gautam
928:Shribhadra Sharma
908:Hem Bahadur Malla
874:Dhankuta district
862:
861:
672:40 out of the 75
623:political parties
607:General elections
604:
603:
513:Visa requirements
464:Foreign relations
433:Local governments
298:Recent elections
294:Political parties
207:National Assembly
147:Cabinet Secretary
21:Politics of Nepal
1520:
1317:
1316:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1282:
1277:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1220:Shaha, Rishikesh
1217:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1177:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1139:
1124:
1113:Shaha, Rishikesh
1110:
1104:
1087:
1081:
1070:Shaha, Rishikesh
1067:
1061:
1055:
1046:
1035:Shaha, Rishikesh
1032:
912:Tej Bahadur Bham
738:
647:Panchayat system
645:to continue the
596:
589:
582:
561:Nepal portal
559:
558:
557:
532:
465:
392:
282:
237:
229:
221:
213:
201:
193:
185:
183:Indira Ranamagar
181:Deputy Speaker:
177:
169:
123:
101:Ram Sahaya Yadav
78:
46:
32:
16:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1455:
1424:Local elections
1419:
1396:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1274:
1262:. Vol. 2.
1255:
1252:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1218:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1185:, published in
1178:
1167:
1159:
1155:
1147:, published in
1141:Gurung, Harka.
1140:
1127:
1111:
1107:
1088:
1084:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1049:
1033:
1026:
1021:
1009:
901:Morang district
890:Morang district
851:Source: Nohlen
734:
715:Nepali Congress
704:Nepalese rupees
691:
670:
639:
627:Nepali Congress
600:
571:
567:Other countries
555:
553:
548:
547:
533:
530:
523:
522:
503:Nationality law
499:
487:
481:Arzu Rana Deuba
467:
463:
455:
454:
429:
423:Chief Ministers
399:
394:
390:
382:
381:
376:
359:
342:
320:
284:
280:
272:
271:
267:District Courts
242:
232:
224:
216:
196:
188:
180:
175:Dev Raj Ghimire
172:
151:
117:
106:
80:
76:
68:
67:
48:
44:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1526:
1524:
1516:
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1480:
1479:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1310:
1308:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:, p. 383.
1232:
1203:
1191:
1165:
1163:, p. 381.
1153:
1125:
1105:
1082:
1062:
1060:, p. 380.
1047:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1005:
866:prime minister
864:The incumbent
860:
859:
848:
847:
845:
842:
839:
835:
834:
832:
829:
826:
822:
821:
819:
816:
813:
809:
808:
806:
803:
800:
796:
795:
792:
791:
788:
785:
782:
778:
777:
774:
772:
768:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
751:
748:
745:
742:
733:
730:
690:
687:
669:
668:Constituencies
666:
638:
635:
602:
601:
599:
598:
591:
584:
576:
573:
572:
570:
569:
563:
550:
549:
546:
545:
540:
534:
531:Related topics
529:
528:
525:
524:
521:
520:
515:
510:
505:
498:
497:
486:
485:
484:
483:
468:
461:
460:
457:
456:
453:
452:
451:
450:
445:
443:Municipalities
440:
428:
427:
426:
425:
420:
415:
410:
395:
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
378:
377:
375:
374:
369:
362:
360:
358:
357:
352:
345:
343:
341:
340:
335:
330:
323:
321:
319:
318:
313:
308:
304:Presidential:
301:
296:
291:
285:
278:
277:
274:
273:
270:
269:
264:
263:
262:
241:
240:
239:
238:
230:
225:House Leader:
222:
204:
203:
202:
194:
189:House Leader:
186:
178:
150:
149:
144:
142:Civil Services
139:
130:
115:Prime Minister
105:
104:
96:Vice President
93:
81:
74:
73:
70:
69:
66:
65:
60:
55:
49:
42:
41:
38:
37:
34:
33:
25:
24:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1525:
1514:
1513:1981 in Nepal
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1306:
1301:
1299:
1294:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1283:
1275:
1273:81-7003-130-3
1269:
1265:
1261:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1241:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:0-19-924958-X
1099:
1095:
1091:
1090:Dieter Nohlen
1086:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
947:Bhagwat Yadav
944:
940:
936:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
904:
902:
897:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
858:
854:
846:
843:
840:
833:
830:
827:
820:
817:
814:
807:
804:
801:
789:
786:
783:
775:
769:
765:
762:
759:
756:
754:
753:
739:
731:
729:
726:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:1959 election
707:
705:
701:
696:
688:
686:
684:
680:
675:
667:
665:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
644:
636:
634:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
609:were held in
608:
597:
592:
590:
585:
583:
578:
577:
575:
574:
568:
565:
564:
562:
552:
551:
544:
541:
539:
536:
535:
527:
526:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
500:
496:
492:
489:
488:
482:
478:
475:
474:
473:
470:
469:
466:
459:
458:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
434:
431:
430:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
405:
404:
401:
400:
398:
393:
386:
385:
373:
370:
368:
364:
363:
361:
356:
353:
351:
347:
346:
344:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
325:
324:
322:
317:
314:
312:
309:
307:
303:
302:
300:
299:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
283:
276:
275:
268:
265:
261:
257:
254:
253:
252:
251:Supreme Court
249:
248:
247:
246:
236:
231:
228:
223:
220:
215:
214:
212:
208:
205:
200:
195:
192:
191:KP Sharma Oli
187:
184:
179:
176:
171:
170:
168:
164:
161:
160:
159:
158:
156:
148:
145:
143:
140:
138:
134:
131:
129:
128:
127:KP Sharma Oli
121:
116:
113:
112:
111:
110:
103:
102:
97:
94:
92:
91:
86:
83:
82:
79:
72:
71:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
50:
47:
40:
39:
36:
35:
31:
27:
26:
22:
17:
1390:
1344:
1258:
1235:
1223:
1194:
1187:Asian Survey
1186:
1180:
1156:
1149:Asian Survey
1148:
1142:
1116:
1108:
1093:
1085:
1073:
1065:
1038:
986:
959:
932:
905:
898:
894:
877:
863:
852:
757:Independents
727:
721:, 6 for the
717:, 8 for the
708:
692:
671:
659:
651:constitution
640:
629:and various
606:
605:
348:Provincial:
244:
243:
153:
152:
125:
108:
107:
99:
88:
58:Human rights
45:Constitution
1460:Referendums
1250:Works cited
1240:Upreti 1991
1199:Upreti 1991
1161:Upreti 1991
1058:Upreti 1991
825:Total votes
799:Valid votes
679:inner-terai
641:In 1980, a
518:Visa policy
63:LGBT rights
1482:Categories
1019:References
886:K.I. Singh
771:Appointees
643:referendum
637:Background
391:Federalism
245:Judiciary:
217:Chairman:
109:Executive:
77:Government
1228:New Delhi
1121:New Delhi
1078:New Delhi
1043:New Delhi
982:Bhaktapur
974:Makwanpur
878:panchayat
841:7,811,448
828:4,078,643
802:3,855,525
784:3,855,525
760:3,855,525
700:Kathmandu
631:communist
543:Civil War
438:Districts
418:Governors
403:Provinces
326:General:
281:Elections
173:Speaker:
85:President
1007:See also
884:and Dr.
689:Campaign
655:Birendra
508:Passport
495:in Nepal
477:Minister
1096:, p634
989:Chhetri
953:led by
937:led by
815:223,118
732:Results
365:Local:
1270:
1100:
976:) and
949:. The
853:et al.
831:100.00
787:100.00
763:100.00
137:Oli IV
966:Kavre
926:and
844:52.21
805:94.53
781:Total
750:Seats
744:Votes
741:Party
683:terai
611:Nepal
1467:1980
1451:2022
1446:2017
1441:2006
1436:1997
1431:1992
1415:2022
1410:2017
1391:Next
1385:2022
1380:2017
1375:2013
1370:2008
1365:1999
1360:1994
1355:1991
1350:1986
1345:1981
1340:1971
1335:1959
1268:ISBN
1098:ISBN
995:and
987:The
945:and
818:5.47
662:King
372:2022
367:2017
355:2022
350:2017
338:2022
333:2017
328:2013
316:2023
311:2018
306:2015
120:list
984:).
968:),
857:IPU
790:140
766:112
1484::
1266:.
1226:.
1222:.
1206:^
1168:^
1128:^
1119:.
1115:.
1076:.
1072:.
1050:^
1041:.
1037:.
1027:^
930:.
922:,
868:,
855:,
776:28
706:.
493:/
479::
258::
135::
124::
98::
87::
1304:e
1297:t
1290:v
1276:.
980:(
972:(
964:(
747:%
595:e
588:t
581:v
157::
122:)
118:(
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