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that they could not tell if a petition concerning Hu
Yaobang's resignation was accepted by the Provincial Government. Several rocks were thrown from the crowd at the police. The police responded by hitting crowd members with leather belts. Soon after this, a police vehicle with a tarp on it was set on fire and a few hours later the front gates were as well. At some point during the day some student's wreaths were received by the government and provincial governor, Hu Zongbin, even showed up. It was around this time that police in the square became more aggressive as their members who had riot gear charged the crowd with batons. By 5 p.m. most students had left the square but many private employees who finished work were brought into the melee as they passed the square. Some reports suggest that some officers and party cadres tried to halt the violence, but they were ignored. Roughly around 7 p.m. several hundred people broke into, and burned, several buildings to the west of the provincial government. One high official from these buildings was reported to have asked the police to cease violence against the protestors. An hour later police managed to clear and close down the main square. At the same time some members of the crowd fled into a nearby clothing store. The government would later say that any police brutality that occurred in the store was in response to looters that had gone in there. Although many photos and eyewitnesses attested to the violence in Xi’an on April 22, no official account acknowledges any casualties.
875:. They also continued with previous slogans and presented new demands to the government which included recognizing the student movement as patriotic, agree to not punish any demonstrators, to reinstate Qin Benli at the Herald, and for open dialogue between student representatives and the government on an equal footing. With the threat of even larger protests, the municipal leadership agreed to meet with student leaders the next day. By the morning May 17, with no dialogue having happened yet, 200 students remained at the sit-in and around 40 followed the students in Beijing's example and began their own hunger strike. Later that day, more than 23,000 protesters assembled outside of the government buildings, with an additional 60 hunger strikers. Dialogue between the students and government were boycotted by many because the student representatives were from official organizations and not the autonomous ones created by the students. Likewise, there was discontent when Jiang Zemin did not attend the dialogue and the following day would see over 100,000 citizens, including writers and workers, march in support of the students.
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development. In the afternoon, after earlier being deterred by the police, roughly 4,500 students marched again outside the provincial building and demanded objective news coverage of their movement as well as transportation for those students who wished to go to
Beijing. The government, reportedly at a loss as to what to do, ordered several thousand box dinners and decided to try and wait the students out. By the evening 2,000 students were still waiting with a police estimate of 100,000 onlookers as well.
1004:
non-students who had returned from
Beijing with news were ousted as lay workers. Between May 17 and May 19, roughly 10,000 people demonstrated and at least 82 are thought to have started their own hunger strike. This would, however, started to fracture as tired students who flagged down rides back to campuses caused major traffic congestion and ordinary people began worrying about food shortages caused by the demonstrations.
24:
119:
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governor came out to try and pacify the crowd by taking the petition and said that the governor would talk with them on May 20. The students, unhappy with this, continued to demand Shao come out until he finally did. Unable to immediately appease the students, dialogue between the demonstrators and the governor went on well into the night.
403:. On April 17 and 18, 1989, students were mostly confined to the campus of the university, however, by April 24, students at Nankai had begun to boycott classes. They marched in crowds that gathered to over 20,000 and now carried banners and signs. Large student protests occurred again to the April 26 Editorial two days later.
943:
By May 19, 1989, more than 10,000 demonstrators and onlookers took to the cities square. Incidents of property damage reportedly occurred and some even tried to break into the municipal building by destroying windows and the front gate. About 45 were arrested with 12 immediately being let go. None of
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was one of two cities to have reportedly had student demonstrations during the May 3, 1989, lull. Likewise on May 5, while students around the country had started to return to class after a declaration from
Beijing student leaders, those in Xining continued to stay out of class in protest of a report
595:
After the May 20 declaration of martial law in
Beijing by the Central Government, many students in Xi’an began to return to their institutions or homes in fear of government repression. However, among the most ardent students, large protests started when rumours started floating around about several
465:
After several days of continuous protesting, May 17 saw the student protesters in Harbin numbering at 25,000, nearly half of the entire student population in the city. Participants started to see the movement as more than just temporary and started to create their own autonomous student organizations
878:
In response to the declaration of martial law in
Beijing, more than 20,000 students, factory workers, and intellectuals marched in the rain to protest. Three days later on May 23 roughly 55,000 marched in Shanghai with non-students coming into university campuses and students going to workplaces to
716:
Partially in response to the declaration of martial law in
Beijing, and lack of local government action, workers began striking on May 23 and demonstrated alongside students. The same day also saw 300 students renounced their membership from the Communist Youth League by destroying their membership
445:
After the failed dialogue between Yuan Mu and several
Beijing student leaders, students in Changchun took to the streets on April 29, 1989. Students would continue to march on May 19 in numbers of around 10,000, and two days later tried to garner support from workers at a nearby automobile factory.
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In response to the
Beijing crackdown on June 4, many students in Chongqing started additional boycott class movements. People from all walks of life blocked roads, trains, and even overturned vehicles in the city. For two days the city was essentially paralyzed, although on the night of June 5 some
796:
By April 20 students began blocking traffic and espousing radical ideas unrelated to Hu's death. The
Jiangsu Party Committee filed a series of reports mentioning the students moving to the Bell Tower Square and demanding that their movement be recognized as patriotic and that officials do something
575:
The April 22 Incident originally started as a gathering of roughly 40,000 people who were gathered in New City Square, outside the Provincial Government Building, to watch a live feed of Hu Yaobang's funeral. Pushing back and forth between protestors and police occurred with some of the crowd angry
520:
After hearing the news about the crackdown in Beijing, more than 3,000 students and teachers began to protest again in Lazhou in the early morning of June 4. Many separate groups comprising around 1,000 people chose to protest by lying down on train tracks going out of the city to try and shut down
368:
Three days later on May 18 roughly 230 hunger strikers had been fasting for two days and demonstrator numbers reached 30,000. That morning saw violence break out near the provincial government building when some people threw bricks at the police lightly injuring over 80 police and another 8 people.
364:
The local government followed through on May 15 when, after a crowd of 10,000 had gathered once more outside of the provincial buildings. Wang Senhao and other officials met with 33 student representatives. After students made their major point, that the luxury in which the new government buildings
336:
On May 17, 1989, roughly 10,000 students and 200 journalists marched in support of the Beijing students and demanded dialogue and freedom of the press. Later in the day, 5,000 broke off and were able to get into the provincial government buildings and present their petitions to the authorities. The
1003:
The May 4 demonstrations in Chongqing saw 7,000 people stage a sit-in at municipal government buildings asking for the government to acknowledge their movement as legitimate and also ask for fair treatment in the media. On the same day the organization between student protesters broke down as two
926:
June 1 also saw another 300 students go to the government building and commence a hunger strike. Around 500 students would march towards the train station on June 4 when they heard about the military crackdown in Beijing. That night they stopped locomotives from moving and placed wreaths mourning
587:
With around 12,000 marchers on May 4, the students in Xi’an demanded the accusatory remarks made in the newspapers about the April 22 incident be redacted and that the government come to speak with the students. Shaanxi Province vice governor Sun Daren was reported to have come out and talked with
492:
After four consecutive days of demonstrations, more than 20,000 students marched on May 17, 1989. More spectators began to watch the students as well, with nearly 10,000 onlookers in Shenyang's Zhongshan Square alone. At the end of the day, onlookers around the students at the government buildings
379:
From May 20 to May 22, in reaction to the declaration of martial law in Beijing, students created propaganda teams to try an elicit additional aid from workers, with a reported 1,000 students going to a steel company to distribute pamphlets. Three days later on May 25, the first workers started to
352:
After a declaration by Beijing student leaders on May 4 most students around the country returned for classes except for many in Taiyuan who were in the midst of protesting a remark made by a city official. Five days later approximately 5,000 students sat in near the provincial government offices
268:
The protests would align at times with the largest demonstrations in Beijing, and most were affected by the military crackdown in the nation's capital. Many of the sources for these events are from leaked government documents, Chinese dissidents, or reports from foreigners who were in China at the
691:
May 4 saw even larger student demonstrations when around 10,000 students marched demanding liberalization of the press, controls on inflation, and the removal of corrupt officials. At the same time, Party members in Hangzhou were explicitly told not to fraternize with the students, including the
461:
saw around 9,000 students demonstrate in front of the provincial government buildings on May 15, 1989. They declared their support for the student protests in Beijing and demanded that the governor of the province, Shao Qihui, come out to for dialogue. After a long standoff with police, the vice
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saw some of its major student protests happen on the early morning of May 18, 1989, when 3,000 saw some of their cohort off at the train headed for Beijing. Later, 2,000 of the students moved to the provincial government building chanting slogans and criticizing the province's lack of financial
800:
People began demonstrating in larger crowds after the release of the April 26 Editorial. By May 19 over 10,000 protesters were marching in the streets of Nanjing. Two days later workers from the nearby Nanjing Rubber Plant announced a strike, and journalists and teachers joined the protesting
571:
On April 20 a large crowd of 10,000 students broke into the Provincial Government's Office area and demanded to talk to the governor. One of their main demands was an explanation of why Hu Yaobang had been forced to resign two years earlier. Police that had already been stationed there earlier
513:
On May 9 roughly 3,000 students protested after a number of dialogues that individual campuses had with party officials and demanded a unified dialogue. Reportedly around 1,000 of these students, when conducting a sit-in outside of the Gansu provincial building, tried to break into the building
360:
On May 10 a major event happened when demonstrators interrupted opening ceremonies for an international economic technology conference, import-export fair, and an art and culture festival. The students’ slogans drew the interest of some of the onlookers and the total crowd is estimated to have
599:
The reactions to the June 4 crackdown in Beijing saw groups, ranging from several hundred to 2,000 participants, in Xi’an marching to express their grief. Additional demonstrations would occur over the following days and it was not until June 11 that the Xi’an government cracked down on these.
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reached 20,000. Once again demanding to meet Wang Senhao, the students went to the outside the provincial buildings and tried to enter them three times. That evening students returned to their campuses when they were promised that they would be able to meet with the governor at a later time.
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By May 17, students were again demonstrating with large posters sporting various slogans expressing their discontent, and demands, of the central government. An estimated 2,000 students departed at some point during the day by train to Beijing to join with the student movement there.
406:
These student protests would carry on into the Yuan Mu debate which sparked other demonstrations across the country. According to a report the next day on April 3, more posters were seen in Nankai University after these two incidents and roughly half of the student population was now
922:
continued demonstrating and numbers from other colleges and high schools totaled the crowd between 20,000 and 30,000. Out of 300 students who were hunger striking, 26 fainted by midday and one student is reported to have tried committing suicide by banging his head against a wall.
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After hearing the news of the crackdown in Beijing on June 4, more than 10,000 students from universities across the city marched. They blocked off the main roads between Wuhan, Wuchang, and Hanyang as well as blocked off the railroad tracks of the Beijing-Guangzhou line.
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in crowds that roughly conjoined into one of roughly 7,000. While in the square the students conducted sit-ins, heard and made speeches, and signed petitions to the cities leadership. After police barred bystanders from entering the Square, the students then moved onto
657:, went to the Provincial Party Headquarters. Once there, they found the building closed off and surround by police. Although there were some brief moments of pushing back and forth between the crowd and police, most of the crowd left after a few hours without incident.
583:
An official account of the April 22 Incident was released on April 28, which downplayed the violence and causes of the incident. This caused resentment among many people throughout the city, with anti-Deng Xiaoping posters being seen on university campuses in the city.
265:, however, every other region in China had cities with similar demonstrations. The origins of these movements gradually became forgotten in some places and some regions began to demonstrate based on their own problems with their Provincial and Central Governments.
663:
By May 20, with the declaration of martial law in Beijing, those students in Fuzhou who were especially upset with the Central Government blocked an express train to Beijing. This crowd of approximately 1,000 also demanded to see provincial Vice-governor
564:, and Jiaotong universities were gathering in small groups. The next day the Shaanxi Party Committee remarked that roughly 10,000 people were gathering daily and that the crowds included not just students but workers, officials, and other residents of
476:
As early as the night of June 3 people in Harbin started to hear about the military crackdown in Beijing. The next day more than 7,000 protesters took to the streets mourning those that died in Beijing all the meanwhile chanting anti-Li Peng slogans.
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Demonstrations started again on May 14 with 2,000 people also marching through to May 16 and another 40 beginning a hunger strike in solidarity with students in Beijing. By the evening of May 17 the number of hunger strikers grew to several hundred.
908:. A day later on April 25 the police arrested 138 people for violence including “beating, smashing, and robbing.” Later that night, with the broadcasting of the April 26 Editorial, new demonstrations broke out that would grow larger by April 27.
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On May 24 for the first time in the city roughly 1,000 workers went on strike. A day later an estimated 10,000 students, workers, and citizens marched. May 25, also saw students try to force their way onto trains that were now off limits to them.
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On April 24 another incident occurred during one of the demonstrations wherein there was reportedly “beating, smashing, robbing, and burning.” Around 270 people were taken into custody, and after preliminary interrogation, 106 were released.
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Roughly 3,000 students and 400 workers and demobilized soldiers demonstrated during a Great Chinese Protest Day demonstration on May 28. Four days later on June 1 another 1,500 students would march in a show of solidarity with students in
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university campuses. During the next day several impromptu groups comprising thousands of students started to publicly mourn Hu. One group went so far as to demand to meet officials of the municipal government but ended up unsuccessful.
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during the early parts of the student demonstrations even though things were picking up in the provincial capital, Changsha. The first demonstrations in Shaoyang to have happened were due to the publication of the April 26 Editorial.
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On May 20, city officials acceded to having a dialogue with demonstration leaders, but with factionalism and the hastiness of the meeting, nothing came of it. Over 20,000 demonstrators marched in the streets of Chongqing on May 23.
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On May 19 roughly 10,000 students were still taking to the streets. By May 22 most demonstrations began to decline in numbers. Students would still remain on strike for the next four days with less than a third staying on campuses.
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On May 28 numbers dropped drastically when only 3,000 students took to the streets. A similar number of people would march again, this time with wreaths and banners, when they heard the news about the June 4 crackdown in Beijing.
911:
Demonstrations continued in response to the poorly received Yuan Mu dialogue on April 29. By May 4, roughly 6,000 students in Changsha handed out letters to people asking for the support of farmers, workers, and entrepreneurs.
793:’s death. The police response was to ask students to not to protest citing difficulty in maintaining public order. Although the students acquiesced to this, the Public Security Department still expected demonstrations to occur.
320:
Students and teachers marched in a crowd of 4,000 when they heard of the June 4, massacre in Beijing. Chanting slogans about revenge, they were greeted by roughly 10,000 citizens when they reached the city's main square.
770:, which happened on April 27, 1989, was due to the April 26 Editorial. By at least May 18 thousands were marching in Jinan in support of the Beijing students and demonstrated about problems in their own province.
966:
On May 4, an estimated 10,000 students marched and demanded inflation control and voiced their opposition to bureaucratic corruption in government. Likewise, on May 18, thousands continued to take to the streets.
596:
Xi’an students being killed in the nation's capital. Six days later on May 26 roughly 10,000 students rallied and called for public freedoms as well as establishing a province wide autonomous student federation.
882:
Upon hearing the news of the June 4 crackdown in Beijing, Shanghai students protested in the streets and reportedly blocked off 42 areas. Throughout the day they put up roadblocks and shouted angry speeches.
615:
Several weeks later on May 26, 15 students who had returned from Beijing staged their own hunger strike in front of the provincial government building in an attempt to garner more support for demonstrations.
332:
saw its first student demonstrations with the release of the April 26 Editorial. Four days later a report came to the central government warning that the students in the city were becoming more rebellious.
675:
In reaction to the military crackdown in Beijing on June 4, people marched in the thousands towards Fuzhou city centre. The next day marchers became more organized with elaborate banners expressing grief.
302:
control, governmental corruption reforms, and better funding for education. Many also asked for information regarding possible shady dealings being done by the region's most senior Party official, Ulanfu.
1034:
Over 1,000 students in Guiyang would protest on June 4 after hearing about the crackdown in Beijing. They laid wreathes in the city square and some even called on people to riot against the government.
868:, 8,000 Shanghai students again led a sit-in in front of the Municipal Government asking for dialogue. The pamphlets and handbills they circulated reportedly also garnered support from many citizens.
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at least as early as the publication of the April 26 Editorial. These demonstrations would continue with the televised dialogue between Yuan Mu and the Beijing student leaders on April 29, 1989.
724:
By May 27, however, most students went back to classes, with the only notable exception of many from Hangzhou University. Li Zemin would demand on June 1 that the boycotts by the students end.
727:
Reports from Hangzhou suggest that the ordinary protests changed with the June 4 Beijing crackdown. Trains and traffic were said to have been intermittently halted due to resulting protests.
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when the central government broadcast its April 26 Editorial. These demonstrations turned into protests on and off of Wuhan campuses after the broadcast of the Yuan Mu dialogue on April 29.
777:
On June 4 over 4,000 students marched in Jinan holding wreaths and mourned for the deaths in Beijing. Reportedly, they painted anti-Li Peng slogans on public transport vehicles like buses.
688:
were sporadic until April 27, 1989, the day after the April 26 editorial. Another large reaction by Hangzhou students to the central government was after the Yuan Mu dialogue of April 29.
349:
after the April 26 Editorial. After the failed Yuan Mu dialogue on April 29, 1989, the protests were reported to the central government as becoming more rebellious in nature on April 30.
414:
According to Robert C. Cosbey, who was teaching at Nankai in 1989, between the Yuan dialogue and May 16, some student protests managed to gather as many as 50,000 additional onlookers.
337:
next day, May 18, saw some government employees, medical staff, and high school students join in the protests and the total crowds of marchers and onlookers swelled to about 150,000.
489:, the April 26 Editorial drew enough ire from students that the city saw its first major demonstrations. These demonstrations sparked again when the Yuan Mu dialogue was televised.
826:
Around 2,000 students would march after they heard about the June 4 crackdown in Beijing. They carried banners and chanted slogans on subjects about revenge and condemning Li Peng.
442:, and other universities, began to hold a sit-in demanding that officials talk with them. Eventually, the crowd was dispersed peacefully by police, party, and education officials.
541:
and the government's apathy to it. The provincial government eventually did talk to them and assuaged their worries which ended the affair with the miners going home peacefully.
387:
In reaction to the crackdown in Beijing on June 4, students numbering around 4,000 marched with banners with slogans demanding justice for those killed in the nation's capital.
2219:
257:
for being too liberal in his policies. Upon Hu's death on April 15, 1989, large gatherings of people began forming across the country. Most media attention was put onto the
240:
653:. The marchers carried few banners, but were heard to be chanting anti-corruption and pro-China chants. The marchers, students from Fujian Teacher's University and
370:
805:
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managed to hold them off. After several hours with no dialogue, the students returned to their campuses and the remaining crowds left when it began to rain.
417:
On May 25, Tianjin saw even more protests not just by students, but by intellectuals and writers. These protests were again viewed by over 50,000 onlookers.
311:
283:
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officials were able to negotiate a dispersal of the protesters blocking the railways. Most traffic in the city would start to resume the following day.
871:
On May 16 over 4,000 students from 12 different universities went to the municipal government buildings and began a sit-in demanding the resignation of
34:
849:
Large protests in Shanghai occurred after the publication of the April 26 Editorial and would continue well through the Yuan Mu dialogue of April 29.
473:
officials made an agreement with the student federation to continue their operation and the federation, in good will, recalled students from Beijing.
517:
By May 29 around 100 students were encamped in the main square of the city but were reportedly exhausted and looked like they were going to give up.
996:
Some unrest began in Chongqing on university campuses after the news of Hu Yaobang's death was announced. Large outdoor demonstrations developed in
449:
Changchun citizens reacted to the June 4 crackdown in Beijing by marching in numbers of around 4,000 and chanted about their shock at the violence.
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cards. On May 26, some city newspapers ran urgent pleas from the government for students to return to classes, but 5,000 students still went to
568:. The subject matter that the marchers were discussing was also starting to include topics such as inflation, salaries, and housing problems.
369:
Roughly 60 people were arrested due to this. Later that day over 130,000 marchers took to the streets chanting anti-Chairman Deng Xiaoping and
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of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be shown, the article is likely to be
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When they heard of the crackdown in Beijing, about 100 students in ĂśrĂĽmqi conducted a sit-in outside of the government building on June 5.
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had been suited with was a waste of money, Wang agreed to additional talks with students. This ended the demonstrations for the evening.
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174:
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758:. On the same day another 300 would pay homage to a student who died by falling under a train on his way back from Tiananmen Square.
214:
2177:
Chan, Anita and Unger, Jonathan. "Voices from the Protest Movement in Chongqing: Class Accents and Class Tensions." paragraph, 48.
2168:
Chan, Anita and Unger, Jonathan. "Voices from the Protest Movement in Chongqing: Class Accents and Class Tensions." paragraph, 26.
2159:
Chan, Anita and Unger, Jonathan. "Voices from the Protest Movement in Chongqing: Class Accents and Class Tensions." paragraph, 39.
552:
Official reports sent to the central government suggest that student mourning of Hu Yaobing started as early as April 15, 1989 in
395:
On the evening of April 15, after the death of Hu Yaobang, approximately 2,000 students marched in mourning around the campus of
181:
78:
140:
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when roughly 20 shops were looted resulting in the detention of 96 people. April 24 saw students putting up posters with anti-
746:
On May 17 over 10,000 students, teachers, and writers started marching demanding internal government reform. Students from the
668:, but after five hours of waiting they dispersed. On May 27, a group of protesters reportedly blocked a bridge that spans the
49:
510:
was in response to the inconclusive televised discussion between Yuan Mu and the Beijing student leaders on April 29, 1989.
163:
60:
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Until April 23 most student activity had been relatively lax, but after incident in which Qin Benli of the newspaper the
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Party Committee describing that the student demonstrations occurring in the city were becoming increasingly political.
152:
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once again riled students in Hohhot on May 29, and approximately 4,000 marched in the city demanding his resignation.
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where their numbers swelled to about 8,000 and where they also conducted a sit-in that lasted into the late evening.
2120:
Chan, Anita and Unger, Jonathan. "Voices from the Protest Movement in Chongqing: Class Accents and Class Tensions,"
2224:
1746:
Erbaugh, Mary S. and Kraus, Richard Curt. "The 1989 Democracy Movement in Fujian and its Aftermath." paragraph, 20.
1737:
Erbaugh, Mary S. and Kraus, Richard Curt. "The 1989 Democracy Movement in Fujian and its Aftermath." paragraph, 17.
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was reported to have said that around 100,000 people either participated in, or watched, the demonstrations.
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85:
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published unedited accounts from the leadership in Shanghai, students and journalists became more agitated.
660:
From May 16 to May 18 the demonstrations in Fuzhou increased in sizes to over 10,000 but remained peaceful.
470:
458:
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April 17, 1989, saw a petition to the police from roughly 10,000 students from different campuses across
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itself. They were stopped by several rows of police, but not before seven police officers were injured.
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students continued demonstrating into May 3, 1989. Over 10,000 students would march again on May 19.
1720:
Erbaugh, Mary S. and Kraus, Richard Curt. "The 1989 Democracy Movement in Fujian and its Aftermath,"
750:, who had participated in the 1986 protests, also joined in saying they would be silenced no longer.
298:, ranging at times up to 3,000 people, started protesting between May 11 and May 14, 1989, demanding
269:
time. The following is a list of cities by region outside of Beijing that had protests of their own.
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miners staged a sit-in, partially in support of Beijing students, but mostly over concerns about
435:
853:
743:. By April 27 the demonstrations started to pick up momentum with large crowds participating.
707:) and Governor Shen Zulun visited the hunger strikers and implored them to end their fast. The
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Nanjing saw over 30,000 demonstrators turn out on May 28 whose targets were Deng Xiaoping and
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251:
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Between April 19 and 22, 1989, reports started to come to the central government from the
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By May 31 things managed to settle down in the city and students started to calm down. In
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On April 17, 1989, small posters related to Hu Yaobang's death started to show up around
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After having taken a break, on May 2 the students in Shanghai marched on towards the
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https://web.archive.org/web/20160404094930/http://tsquare.tv/links/ESHERICK.html
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23:
1724:, ed. Jonathan Unger. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991. retrieved online at
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https://web.archive.org/web/20160404094915/http://tsquare.tv/links/KEITH.html
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https://web.archive.org/web/20160404095110/http://tsquare.tv/links/KRAUS.html
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ed. Jonathan Unger. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991, retrieved online at
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560:, who was teaching in Xi’an at the time, noted that students from Northwest,
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https://web.archive.org/web/20160403112809/http://tsquare.tv/links/Chan.html
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Hunger strikes in Changsha are reported to have started as early as May 13.
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299:
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2124:, ed. Jonathan Unger. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991, retrieved from
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ed. Jonathan Unger. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1991, retrieved from
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saw a minor demonstration between May 11 to May 15, 1989, when over 100
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During a student demonstration on April 22, 1989, disorder occurred in
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started on the evening of April 25, 1989, with the broadcasting of the
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While most other cities were in a lull during the student movements,
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232:
1837:
Forster, Keith. "The Popular Protest in Hangzhou." paragraph, 51.
1828:
Forster, Keith. "The Popular Protest in Hangzhou." paragraph, 46.
1819:
Forster, Keith. "The Popular Protest in Hangzhou." paragraph, 40.
1790:
Forster, Keith. "The Popular Protest in Hangzhou." paragraph, 39.
1781:
Forster, Keith. "The Popular Protest in Hangzhou." paragraph, 26.
1772:
Forster, Keith. "The Popular Protest in Hangzhou." paragraph, 20.
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Some of the earliest demonstrations to have at least occurred in
135:
Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing
1757:
The Pro-Democracy Protests in China: Reports from the Provinces,
1562:
The Pro-Democracy Protests in China: Reports from the Provinces,
735:
Some of the earliest student demonstrations to have occurred in
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The Pro-Democracy Protests in China: Reports from the Provinces
1722:
The Pro-Democracy Protests in China: Reports from the Provinces
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and announced that they would demonstrate until the very end.
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offering of any food or water like other Hangzhou citizens.
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with students angrily responding to the April 26 Editorial.
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in the early to middle months of 1989 mainly started out as
2020:
My Two Chinas: The Memoir of a Chinese Counterrevolutionary
1011:
to have been arrested, although this number may be higher.
1007:
From May 3 to May 20 fourteen people were reported by the
246:. The political fall of Hu came immediately following the
2038:
2036:
1871:
1869:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1645:
1643:
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1639:
1637:
1486:
1484:
1416:
1414:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1293:
1291:
1277:
1275:
1235:
1233:
1614:
1612:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1361:
1359:
1219:
1217:
1187:
1185:
1171:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1113:
1111:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1069:
45:
1680:
Esherick, Joseph W. “Xi'an Spring.” paragraphs, 56-62.
1606:
Esherick, Joseph W. “Xi'an Spring." paragraphs, 10-31.
1203:
1201:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
864:
Two days later, on the seventieth anniversary of the
506:
One of the earliest instances of student protest in
1755:Forster, Keith. "The Popular Protest in Hangzhou,"
927:the students killed in Beijing around the station.
904:slogans around universities in the city, including
649:On May 4 several thousand students marched through
1671:Esherick, Joseph W. "Xi'an Spring." paragraph, 52.
1662:Esherick, Joseph W. “Xi'an Spring.” paragraph, 40.
1631:Esherick, Joseph W. "Xi'an Spring." paragraph, 34.
1597:Esherick, Joseph W. “Xi'an Spring”. paragraph, 7.
766:One of the earliest demonstrations reported from
628:’s first major protests to have occurred were in
2022:. (Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books, 2011).
797:about corruption and government transparency.
944:the vandals that participated were students.
8:
748:Chinese University of Science and Technology
50:introducing citations to additional sources
2220:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
466:and prepared for their own hunger strikes.
284:1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre
215:Learn how and when to remove this message
40:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1044:
984:For the demonstrations in Chengdu see:
789:for permission to march in mourning of
380:march in demand of the resignation of
493:reportedly number at around 100,000.
485:Two days after it first broadcast in
7:
1332:. Toronto: Between the Lines, 2001.
353:demanding to talk to party official
1560:Esherick, Joseph W. "Xi'an Spring"
935:Things remained relatively calm in
248:1986 Chinese Student Demonstrations
2018:Tang Biaoqing and Dimarco, Damon.
703:Li Zemin (not to be confused with
357:after a failed dialogue on May 8.
14:
1055:. New York: PublicAffairs, 2001.
282:For the protests in Beijing, see
261:citizens who participated in the
164:"1989 Chinese protests by region"
61:"1989 Chinese protests by region"
612:printed by the local newspaper.
345:Student demonstrations began in
117:
33:relies largely or entirely on a
22:
887:Protests in South Central China
699:On May 18, officials including
128:may not meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
959:Major demonstrations began in
438:. Roughly 3,000 students from
1:
231:that occurred throughout the
130:general notability guideline
975:Protests in Southwest China
497:Protests in Northwest China
421:Protests in Northeast China
2241:
281:
233:People's Republic of China
137:reliable secondary sources
126:The topic of this article
701:Party Committee Secretary
263:Tiananmen Square Protests
986:Chengdu protests of 1989
918:On May 19 students from
434:were in response to the
906:Hunan Normal University
471:Heilongjiang University
459:capital of Heilongjiang
273:Protests in North China
250:when he was removed by
672:for roughly one hour.
1406:Watching China Change
1380:Watching China Change
1330:Watching China Change
2201:The Tiananmen Papers
2188:The Tiananmen Papers
2148:The Tiananmen Papers
2109:The Tiananmen Papers
2096:The Tiananmen Papers
2083:The Tiananmen Papers
2070:The Tiananmen Papers
2057:The Tiananmen Papers
2044:The Tiananmen Papers
2007:The Tiananmen Papers
1994:The Tiananmen Papers
1981:The Tiananmen Papers
1968:The Tiananmen Papers
1955:The Tiananmen Papers
1942:The Tiananmen Papers
1929:The Tiananmen Papers
1916:The Tiananmen Papers
1903:The Tiananmen Papers
1890:The Tiananmen Papers
1877:The Tiananmen Papers
1861:The Tiananmen Papers
1848:The Tiananmen Papers
1808:The Tiananmen Papers
1709:The Tiananmen Papers
1691:The Tiananmen Papers
1651:The Tiananmen Papers
1620:The Tiananmen Papers
1586:The Tiananmen Papers
1549:The Tiananmen Papers
1531:The Tiananmen Papers
1518:The Tiananmen Papers
1505:The Tiananmen Papers
1492:The Tiananmen Papers
1476:The Tiananmen Papers
1463:The Tiananmen Papers
1435:The Tiananmen Papers
1422:The Tiananmen Papers
1393:The Tiananmen Papers
1367:The Tiananmen Papers
1351:The Tiananmen Papers
1317:The Tiananmen Papers
1299:The Tiananmen Papers
1283:The Tiananmen Papers
1267:The Tiananmen Papers
1254:The Tiananmen Papers
1241:The Tiananmen Papers
1225:The Tiananmen Papers
1209:The Tiananmen Papers
1193:The Tiananmen Papers
1177:The Tiananmen Papers
1143:The Tiananmen Papers
1119:The Tiananmen Papers
1103:The Tiananmen Papers
1083:The Tiananmen Papers
1053:The Tiananmen Papers
844:World Economic Forum
46:improve this article
920:Changsha University
866:May Fourth Movement
1404:Cosbey, Robert C.
1378:Cosbey, Robert C.
1328:Cosbey, Robert C.
741:April 26 Editorial
539:radiation sickness
436:April 26 Editorial
132:
2225:Lists of protests
2028:978-1-61614-445-6
1338:978-1-45930-640-0
1061:978-1-58648-122-3
655:Fuzhou University
397:Nankai University
241:General Secretary
225:
224:
217:
199:
127:
111:
110:
96:
2232:
2204:
2197:
2191:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2151:
2144:
2138:
2137:Chan & Unger
2135:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2105:
2099:
2092:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2053:
2047:
2040:
2031:
2016:
2010:
2003:
1997:
1990:
1984:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1958:
1951:
1945:
1938:
1932:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1906:
1899:
1893:
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1829:
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1804:
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1705:
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1501:
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1488:
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1472:
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1438:
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1418:
1409:
1402:
1396:
1389:
1383:
1376:
1370:
1363:
1354:
1347:
1341:
1326:
1320:
1313:
1302:
1295:
1286:
1279:
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1257:
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1221:
1212:
1205:
1196:
1189:
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1173:
1146:
1139:
1122:
1115:
1106:
1099:
1086:
1079:
1064:
1049:
521:transportation.
440:Jilin University
252:paramount leader
220:
213:
209:
206:
200:
198:
157:
121:
120:
113:
106:
103:
97:
95:
54:
26:
18:
2240:
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2230:
2229:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2194:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2145:
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2136:
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2119:
2115:
2106:
2102:
2093:
2089:
2080:
2076:
2067:
2063:
2054:
2050:
2041:
2034:
2017:
2013:
2004:
2000:
1991:
1987:
1978:
1974:
1965:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1935:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1909:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1883:
1874:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1845:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1805:
1794:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:, paragraph, 8.
1719:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1684:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1648:
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1630:
1626:
1617:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1583:
1572:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1482:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1441:
1432:
1428:
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1412:
1403:
1399:
1390:
1386:
1377:
1373:
1364:
1357:
1348:
1344:
1327:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1289:
1280:
1273:
1264:
1260:
1251:
1247:
1238:
1231:
1222:
1215:
1206:
1199:
1190:
1183:
1174:
1149:
1140:
1125:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1089:
1080:
1067:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1025:
1009:Chongqing Ribao
994:
982:
977:
950:
933:
894:
889:
854:People's Square
832:
817:
783:
764:
733:
682:
647:
642:
622:
606:
558:Joseph Esherick
550:
527:
504:
499:
483:
455:
428:
423:
393:
343:
327:
292:
287:
280:
275:
221:
210:
204:
201:
158:
156:
134:
122:
118:
107:
101:
98:
55:
53:
39:
31:This July 2023
27:
12:
11:
5:
2238:
2236:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2192:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2139:
2130:
2128:paragraph, 12.
2113:
2100:
2087:
2074:
2061:
2048:
2032:
2011:
1998:
1985:
1972:
1959:
1946:
1933:
1920:
1907:
1894:
1881:
1865:
1852:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1763:paragraph, 17.
1748:
1739:
1730:
1713:
1695:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1633:
1624:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1570:
1553:
1535:
1522:
1509:
1496:
1480:
1467:
1439:
1426:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1371:
1355:
1342:
1321:
1303:
1287:
1271:
1258:
1245:
1229:
1213:
1197:
1181:
1147:
1123:
1107:
1087:
1065:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1024:
1021:
993:
990:
981:
978:
976:
973:
949:
946:
932:
929:
893:
890:
888:
885:
831:
828:
816:
813:
782:
779:
763:
760:
732:
729:
681:
678:
646:
643:
641:
638:
621:
618:
605:
602:
588:some of them.
562:Shaanxi Normal
549:
546:
526:
523:
503:
500:
498:
495:
482:
479:
454:
451:
427:
424:
422:
419:
392:
389:
342:
339:
326:
323:
310:Anger towards
291:
288:
279:
276:
274:
271:
223:
222:
125:
123:
116:
109:
108:
44:. Please help
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2237:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2202:
2199:Zhang Liang.
2196:
2193:
2189:
2186:Zhang Liang.
2183:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:Zhang Liang.
2143:
2140:
2134:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2107:Zhang Liang.
2104:
2101:
2097:
2094:Zhang Liang.
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081:Zhang Liang.
2078:
2075:
2071:
2068:Zhang Liang.
2065:
2062:
2058:
2055:Zhang Liang.
2052:
2049:
2045:
2042:Zhang Liang.
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:Zhang Liang.
2002:
1999:
1995:
1992:Zhang Liang.
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:Zhang Liang.
1976:
1973:
1969:
1966:Zhang Liang.
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:Zhang Liang.
1950:
1947:
1943:
1940:Zhang Liang.
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:Zhang Liang.
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:Zhang Liang.
1911:
1908:
1904:
1901:Zhang Liang.
1898:
1895:
1891:
1888:Zhang Liang.
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:Zhang Liang.
1872:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1859:Zhang Liang.
1856:
1853:
1849:
1846:Zhang Liang.
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1809:
1806:Zhang Liang.
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1710:
1707:Zhang Liang.
1704:
1702:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1689:Zhang Liang.
1686:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:Zhang Liang.
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:Zhang Liang.
1615:
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1584:Zhang Liang.
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1568:paragraph, 6.
1567:
1563:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1547:Zhang Liang.
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1529:Zhang Liang.
1526:
1523:
1519:
1516:Zhang Liang.
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:Zhang Liang.
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:Zhang Liang.
1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1474:Zhang Liang.
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:Zhang Liang.
1458:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1433:Zhang Liang.
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:Zhang Liang.
1417:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:Zhang Liang.
1388:
1385:
1381:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1365:Zhang Liang.
1362:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1349:Zhang Liang.
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:Zhang Liang.
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1297:Zhang Liang.
1294:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:Zhang Liang.
1278:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1265:Zhang Liang.
1262:
1259:
1255:
1252:Zhang Liang.
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:Zhang Liang.
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1223:Zhang Liang.
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1207:Zhang Liang.
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:Zhang Liang.
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1175:Zhang Liang.
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1141:Zhang Liang.
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:Zhang Liang.
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:Zhang Liang.
1098:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:Zhang Liang.
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:Zhang Liang.
1048:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1005:
1001:
999:
991:
989:
987:
979:
974:
972:
968:
964:
962:
957:
955:
947:
945:
941:
938:
930:
928:
924:
921:
916:
913:
909:
907:
903:
902:Deng Xiaoping
899:
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
874:
869:
867:
862:
860:
855:
850:
847:
845:
840:
837:
829:
827:
824:
822:
814:
812:
810:
807:
802:
798:
794:
792:
788:
780:
778:
775:
771:
769:
761:
759:
757:
751:
749:
744:
742:
738:
730:
728:
725:
722:
720:
714:
712:
711:
706:
702:
697:
693:
689:
687:
679:
677:
673:
671:
667:
661:
658:
656:
652:
644:
639:
637:
633:
631:
627:
619:
617:
613:
610:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
547:
545:
542:
540:
536:
532:
524:
522:
518:
515:
511:
509:
501:
496:
494:
490:
488:
480:
478:
474:
472:
467:
463:
460:
452:
450:
447:
443:
441:
437:
433:
425:
420:
418:
415:
412:
410:
404:
402:
398:
390:
388:
385:
383:
377:
375:
374:Yang Shangkun
372:
366:
362:
358:
356:
350:
348:
340:
338:
334:
331:
324:
322:
318:
316:
313:
308:
304:
301:
297:
289:
285:
277:
272:
270:
266:
264:
260:
256:
255:Deng Xiaoping
253:
249:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
219:
216:
208:
197:
194:
190:
187:
183:
180:
176:
173:
169:
166: –
165:
161:
160:Find sources:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
131:
124:
115:
114:
105:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70:
66:
63: –
62:
58:
57:Find sources:
51:
47:
43:
37:
36:
35:single source
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2200:
2195:
2187:
2182:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2147:
2142:
2133:
2121:
2116:
2108:
2103:
2095:
2090:
2082:
2077:
2069:
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409:boycotting
244:Hu Yaobang
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998:Chongqing
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670:Min River
432:Changchun
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859:the Bund
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830:Shanghai
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756:Shanghai
686:Hangzhou
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481:Shenyang
229:protests
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