99:
315:
1007:
1012:
25:
310:
971:. His showing was significant in a number of ways. First, it demonstrated that none of the major political parties had been able to attract lower middle-class and proletarian urban groups, who had flocked to el compadre; Palenque had wisely targeted marginal and displaced sectors of La Paz. Second, Condepa's showing reflected the growth of racial and ethnic tension in Bolivian electoral politics. For the first time in the history of the
224:
391:
1932:
743:
106:
940:. Popularly known as el compadre (the comrade), Palenque was a former folksinger turned radio and television owner and talk show host. His "popular" style of broadcasting had always enjoyed widespread appeal in the working-class and marginal neighborhoods surrounding La Paz. For at least a decade, Palenque had been regarded as a possible candidate for
113:
231:
884:
The situation was more complex in the MNR where, after a bitter internal struggle, Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, a pragmatic former
Minister of Planning and Coordination and prominent entrepreneur, captured the party's nomination. The MNR's strategy was to develop Sánchez de Lozada's image as a veteran
966:
Ten parties and fronts contested the election, which was held as scheduled on May 7, 1989. The results, a virtual three-way tie among the MNR, ADN, and MIR, were not surprising. As expected, Congress once again was given the task of electing the next president from the top three contenders. But the
991:
The composition of
Congress exacerbated the tensions between the parties in contention. Because seventy-nine seats are needed to elect a president, compromise was indispensable. In mid-1989, however, it was unclear whether the political system in Bolivia had matured enough to allow for compromise.
897:
Following a similar electoral logic, the MIR sought to broaden its base of support by establishing ties with several parties, including Carlos
Serrate Reich's 9 April Revolutionary Vanguard, the Revolutionary Front of the Left, and a number of dissidents from the MNRI. Paz Zamora, the MIR's
864:
must be established; yet, electoral alliances have never translated into stable or effective ruling coalitions. On the contrary, electoral alliances have exacerbated the tensions built into a complex system. Thus, once in power, whoever controls the executive must search for mechanisms or
1703:, whilst the MNR's Sánchez was not supported by any other party. The United Left abstained from the vote. For the support of the ADN, the MIR chose to elect Hugo Banzer's running mate Luis Ossio (PDC) as vice president rather than Gustavo Fernández Saavedra, Paz Zamora's running mate.
925:, especially the COB. Given the historical divisions within the Bolivian left, however, the IU was not perceived to be a serious contender. If it could maintain unity beyond the 1989 elections, observers believed that its impact might be greater than anticipated.
983:
of the elections. Indeed, negotiations were well advanced between the MIR and ADN to upstage the relative victory obtained by the MNR. Between May and early August, the top three finishers bargained and manipulated in an attempt to secure control of the
889:
background. The task of converting the candidate into an old party member apparently succeeded: old-line populist politicians dominated the first slots on the party's legislative lists. The naming of former president
880:
as Banzer's running mate in an effort to attract other political elements. Banzer led every major poll, and the ADN repeatedly called for
Congress to respect the first majority to emerge from the May 7 election.
978:
Claims of fraud from every contender, especially in the recounting of the votes, clouded the legitimacy of the process. At one stage, fearing an agreement between the ADN and MIR, the MNR called for the
853:(ADN) refused to go along with its ally and eventually charged the MNR with conducting fraudulent registrations. By mid-February this issue had triggered the rupture of the pacto.
885:
movimientista (movement leader) to capture populist support. At the same time, party strategists intended to attract support from outside the party by building on the candidate's
963:(Conciencia de la Patria—Condepa), which grouped together a bizarre strain of disaffected leftists, populists, and nationalists who had defected from several other parties.
1240:
503:
967:
slight majority (a mere 5,815 votes) obtained by the MNR's candidate, Sánchez de Lozada, was surprising to observers, as was the unexpected victory by
Palenque in
780:
1920:
2653:
2432:
2282:
1898:
632:
2699:
2648:
1814:
825:
In the initial months of 1989, the
Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) tried in vain to postpone the election date, arguing that the deadline for
2535:
2525:
2694:
2663:
2658:
2633:
2047:
723:
616:
608:
2277:
710:
706:
1850:
1732:
1468:
1116:
833:
of 1986. Arguing that the new registration requirements, which limited registration to citizens who possessed cédulas de identidad (national
814:
687:
530:
525:
360:
155:
98:
873:
563:
2037:
2032:
869:
such as the pacto to be able to govern. This search was the single most important challenge facing
Bolivian politicians into the 1980s.
650:
2372:
2362:
2347:
2337:
2332:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2042:
1752:
1463:
1052:
802:
798:
624:
491:
481:
342:
145:
2505:
2490:
773:
411:
314:
2617:
2545:
2540:
2520:
1913:
1272:
595:
571:
2602:
2566:
2530:
1637:
2597:
1006:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2367:
2357:
2352:
2342:
2327:
2317:
2307:
2212:
2207:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2002:
1997:
587:
579:
498:
49:
39:
2689:
1696:
1458:
1334:
1084:
894:
as the vice presidential candidate was perceived as further evidence of the party's success in influencing the candidate.
850:
558:
486:
438:
150:
2027:
2643:
2252:
2242:
2232:
2227:
2174:
1747:
1057:
960:
902:
806:
766:
753:
680:
123:
2510:
2500:
2495:
2485:
2480:
2475:
872:
As expected, every political party was forced to scramble for new allies. The ADN joined forces with the now minuscule
2612:
2607:
2592:
2550:
2515:
1906:
1549:
2576:
2571:
2247:
2237:
2222:
2217:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1304:
1245:
968:
956:
918:
898:
candidate, led in some polls, and most analysts agreed that he would pose a significant threat to the MNR and ADN.
667:
451:
271:
829:
restricted citizen participation. In
December 1988, the party's delegation in Congress had managed to amend the
2684:
2638:
1700:
1473:
1148:
535:
256:
338:
416:
404:
728:
657:
1527:
1505:
1180:
910:
906:
692:
261:
1011:
1944:
1936:
1615:
1277:
662:
551:
434:
350:
331:
891:
857:
381:
948:
929:
861:
838:
826:
463:
456:
1891:
Presidentes de
Bolivia: entre urnas y fusiles : el poder ejecutivo, los ministros de estado
1846:
1659:
1210:
972:
914:
842:
718:
309:
165:
975:, for example, a woman dressed in native garb would serve as a deputy for La Paz Department.
944:
of La Paz; during the 1987 municipal elections, his name was under consideration by the MNR.
1727:
1593:
1571:
1121:
985:
846:
810:
356:
134:
223:
1483:
1153:
952:
937:
922:
817:(MIR) in the congressional vote, despite the MIR only finishing third in the public vote.
241:
747:
2678:
1838:
834:
830:
797:
on 7 May 1989. As no candidate for the presidency received over 50% of the vote, the
696:
886:
1889:
1089:
390:
128:
947:
Palenque's move into national politics was prompted by the closing down of his
112:
959:, against the Bolivian government. To promote his candidacy, Palenque founded
877:
171:
105:
980:
866:
444:
901:
The left attempted a comeback following the disastrous experience of the
1931:
794:
1682:
933:
941:
913:(IU). The IU brought together splinter factions of the MIR, the
1902:
230:
801:
was required to elect a president on 6 August. Although the
805:
had received the most votes, its candidate for
President
1843:
Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II
2626:
2585:
2559:
2468:
2173:
1943:
909:, the left grouped into a broad front labelled the
856:The end of the pacto revealed an old reality about
68:
60:
1018:
319:Results by department (left) and province (right)
841:, the MNR pushed through legislation that added
326:
1241:Revolutionary Liberation Movement TĂşpac Katari
1914:
774:
8:
16:
951:for airing accusations made by an infamous
1921:
1907:
1899:
1705:
1451:
999:
781:
767:
376:
15:
1831:
1800:
1789:
1778:
1774:
1763:
1679:
1439:
1426:
1413:
1400:
1387:
1383:
1360:
849:cards as valid registration documents.
379:
1680:
1815:Bolivian National Congress, 1989–1993
1790:
1779:
1710:
1427:
1414:
1401:
1388:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
7:
1937:Elections and referendums in Bolivia
905:years. Headed by Antonio Aranibar's
504:President of the Chamber of Deputies
1683:Constituency-Level Election Archive
921:, and it counted on the support of
1753:Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
1695:MIR's Paz Zamora was supported by
1053:Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
803:Revolutionary Nationalist Movement
482:Plurinational Legislative Assembly
14:
2700:Presidential elections in Bolivia
1930:
1894:(in Spanish). Editorial Gisbert.
1273:Katarist United Liberation Front
1010:
1005:
741:
389:
313:
308:
229:
222:
111:
104:
97:
23:
2695:1989 elections in South America
793:General elections were held in
928:The main newcomer to national
837:), constituted a violation of
17:1989 Bolivian general election
1:
1874:New York: Facts On File, p205
1697:Nationalist Democratic Action
1335:Movement of the National Left
1085:Nationalist Democratic Action
851:Nationalist Democratic Action
559:Plurinational Electoral Organ
961:Conscience of the Fatherland
1733:Revolutionary Left Movement
1117:Revolutionary Left Movement
815:Revolutionary Left Movement
688:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
526:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
276:Wálter Delgadillo Terceros
177:Gustavo Fernández Saavedra
2716:
1888:G, Carlos D. Mesa (2003).
1872:A brief history of Bolivia
1658:
1636:
1614:
1592:
1570:
1548:
1526:
1504:
1482:
1305:Bolivian Socialist Falange
932:, although no stranger to
860:. To achieve power, broad
1801:
1791:Registered voters/turnout
1775:
1764:
1748:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
1719:
1716:
1713:
1440:
1436:
1428:Registered voters/turnout
1423:
1410:
1397:
1384:
1361:
1058:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1004:
807:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
371:
324:
306:
272:Jorge Escobari Cusicanqui
246:Antonio AranĂbar Quiroga
213:
124:Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada
89:
82:
76:
33:
21:
1870:Walter Q Morales (2003)
1701:Conscience of Fatherland
1185:Antonio Aranibar Quiroga
1149:Conscience of Fatherland
651:Administrative divisions
531:Constitutional Tribunal
492:President of the Senate
1945:Presidential elections
1022:Presidential candidate
827:electoral registration
707:Diplomatic missions of
2175:Legislative elections
907:Free Bolivia Movement
693:Chancellor of Bolivia
339:VĂctor Paz Estenssoro
84:Presidential election
2690:Elections in Bolivia
1691:Congressional ballot
1278:Jenaro Flores Santos
1246:VĂctor Hugo Cárdenas
1215:Roger Cortéz Hurtado
957:Roberto Suárez Goméz
2586:Ombudsman elections
1707:
1402:Invalid/blank votes
1339:Luis Sandoval MorĂłn
1001:
892:Walter Guevara Arze
874:Christian Democrats
862:electoral alliances
605:Recent referendums
499:Chamber of Deputies
487:Chamber of Senators
382:Politics of Bolivia
18:
2560:Judicial elections
1706:
1000:
949:television station
930:electoral politics
843:birth certificates
839:universal suffrage
748:Bolivia portal
464:Cabinet of Bolivia
457:David Choquehuanca
281:Popular vote
268:Running mate
182:Popular vote
162:Running mate
2672:
2671:
1851:978-0-19-928358-3
1806:
1805:
1688:
1687:
1445:
1444:
1211:Socialist Party-1
973:Bolivian Congress
969:La Paz Department
915:Socialist Party-1
858:Bolivian politics
799:National Congress
791:
790:
724:Visa requirements
681:Foreign relations
635:(confidence vote)
568:Recent elections
564:Political parties
375:
374:
367:
366:
302:
301:
78:
56:
55:
2707:
1935:
1934:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1900:
1895:
1875:
1868:
1862:
1859:
1853:
1836:
1728:Jaime Paz Zamora
1708:
1452:
1122:Jaime Paz Zamora
1014:
1009:
1002:
986:executive branch
847:military service
811:Jaime Paz Zamora
809:was defeated by
783:
776:
769:
746:
745:
744:
636:
628:
620:
612:
599:
591:
583:
575:
539:
393:
377:
357:Jaime Paz Zamora
327:
317:
312:
233:
226:
135:Jaime Paz Zamora
115:
108:
101:
91:
90:
77:
35:
34:
28:
27:
26:
19:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2685:1989 in Bolivia
2675:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2622:
2581:
2555:
2469:Local elections
2464:
2169:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1878:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1837:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1811:
1802:Source: Morales
1693:
1450:
1154:Carlos Palenque
998:
953:drug trafficker
938:Carlos Palenque
923:organized labor
919:Communist Party
887:entrepreneurial
823:
787:
758:
754:Other countries
742:
740:
735:
734:
733:
715:
703:
683:
673:
672:
653:
643:
642:
634:
626:
618:
610:
597:
589:
581:
573:
554:
544:
543:
537:
521:
513:
512:
477:
469:
468:
430:
422:
421:
407:
384:
359:
354:
341:
336:
334:before election
325:
320:
307:
242:Carlos Palenque
214:
85:
29:
24:
22:
12:
11:
5:
2713:
2711:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2677:
2676:
2670:
2669:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1863:
1854:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:Source: Nohlen
1438:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
997:
994:
936:politics, was
835:identity cards
822:
819:
789:
788:
786:
785:
778:
771:
763:
760:
759:
757:
756:
750:
737:
736:
732:
731:
726:
721:
714:
713:
702:
701:
700:
699:
684:
679:
678:
675:
674:
671:
670:
668:Municipalities
665:
660:
654:
649:
648:
645:
644:
641:
640:
639:
638:
630:
622:
619:(constitution)
614:
611:(constitution)
603:
602:
601:
593:
585:
577:
566:
561:
555:
550:
549:
546:
545:
542:
541:
536:Supreme Court
533:
528:
522:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
510:
509:
508:
507:
506:
496:
495:
494:
478:
475:
474:
471:
470:
467:
466:
461:
460:
459:
452:Vice President
449:
448:
447:
431:
428:
427:
424:
423:
420:
419:
414:
408:
403:
402:
399:
398:
395:
394:
386:
385:
380:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
364:
346:
322:
321:
318:
304:
303:
300:
299:
296:
293:
289:
288:
285:
282:
278:
277:
274:
269:
265:
264:
259:
254:
250:
249:
247:
244:
239:
235:
234:
227:
220:
216:
215:
211:
210:
207:
204:
199:
195:
194:
191:
188:
183:
179:
178:
175:
168:
166:Wálter Guevara
163:
159:
158:
153:
148:
143:
139:
138:
131:
126:
121:
117:
116:
109:
102:
95:
87:
86:
83:
80:
79:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
53:
47:
42:
31:
30:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2712:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
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2401:
2399:
2396:
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2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1839:Dieter Nohlen
1835:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1796:
1793:
1785:
1782:
1770:
1767:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
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1684:
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1525:
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1518:
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1503:
1499:
1496:
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1487:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1448:By department
1447:
1433:
1430:
1420:
1417:
1407:
1404:
1394:
1391:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
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1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
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1301:
1300:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1034:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1003:
995:
993:
989:
987:
982:
976:
974:
970:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
893:
888:
882:
879:
875:
870:
868:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
831:electoral law
828:
820:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
784:
779:
777:
772:
770:
765:
764:
762:
761:
755:
752:
751:
749:
739:
738:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
712:
708:
705:
704:
698:
697:Rogelio Mayta
694:
691:
690:
689:
686:
685:
682:
677:
676:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
655:
652:
647:
646:
637:
631:
629:
623:
621:
615:
613:
607:
606:
604:
600:
594:
592:
586:
584:
578:
576:
570:
569:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
553:
548:
547:
540:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
523:
517:
516:
505:
502:
501:
500:
497:
493:
490:
489:
488:
485:
484:
483:
480:
479:
473:
472:
465:
462:
458:
455:
454:
453:
450:
446:
443:
442:
440:
436:
433:
432:
426:
425:
418:
415:
413:
410:
409:
406:
401:
400:
397:
396:
392:
388:
387:
383:
378:
370:
363:
362:
358:
353:
352:
347:
345:
344:
340:
335:
333:
329:
328:
323:
316:
311:
305:
297:
294:
291:
290:
286:
283:
280:
279:
275:
273:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
252:
251:
248:
245:
243:
240:
237:
236:
232:
228:
225:
221:
218:
217:
212:
208:
205:
203:
200:
197:
196:
192:
189:
187:
184:
181:
180:
176:
174:
173:
169:
167:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
152:
149:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
119:
118:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
92:
88:
81:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
52: →
51:
48:
46:
43:
41:
38:←
37:
36:
32:
20:
2458:
2407:
2163:
2117:
1890:
1882:Bibliography
1871:
1866:
1861:Nohlen, p158
1857:
1842:
1834:
1694:
990:
977:
965:
946:
927:
900:
896:
883:
871:
855:
824:
792:
417:Human rights
405:Constitution
355:
348:
337:
330:
201:
185:
170:
133:
44:
2627:Referendums
1780:Total votes
1455:Department
1415:Total votes
1389:Valid votes
1181:United Left
1090:Hugo Banzer
911:United Left
729:Visa policy
658:Departments
538:(1825–2012)
476:Legislative
292:Percentage
198:Percentage
129:Hugo Banzer
2679:Categories
2603:2003 (Dec)
2598:2003 (Oct)
2283:1920 (Dec)
2278:1920 (May)
2048:1925 (Dec)
2043:1925 (May)
1826:References
1638:Santa Cruz
1528:Cochabamba
1506:Chuquisaca
917:, and the
878:Luis Ossio
876:by naming
867:coalitions
711:in Bolivia
627:(autonomy)
598:(regional)
574:(regional)
172:Luis Ossio
61:Registered
45:7 May 1989
1711:Candidate
1431:2,137,285
1418:1,573,790
1392:1,415,869
1365:1,415,869
981:annulment
663:Provinces
590:(general)
582:(general)
552:Elections
520:Judiciary
445:Luis Arce
435:President
429:Executive
351:President
332:President
64:2,137,285
1809:See also
1681:Source:
821:Campaign
719:Passport
349:Elected
287:113,509
284:173,459
238:Nominee
193:309,033
190:357,298
120:Nominee
1845:, p133
1841:(2005)
1676:10.26%
1670:23.97%
1667:41.12%
1664:23.85%
1648:22.43%
1645:35.02%
1642:33.44%
1632:24.52%
1626:26.22%
1623:24.43%
1620:23.11%
1604:15.19%
1601:37.10%
1598:38.62%
1588:16.81%
1582:29.39%
1579:25.42%
1576:25.46%
1566:12.75%
1563:30.08%
1560:17.46%
1557:18.80%
1554:20.91%
1544:20.45%
1538:25.45%
1535:26.16%
1532:25.45%
1522:28.78%
1516:25.45%
1513:21.86%
1510:23.00%
1494:15.24%
1491:35.76%
1488:38.00%
1478:Others
1474:CONDEPA
1405:157,921
1188:113,509
1158:173,459
1126:309,033
1094:357,298
1062:363,113
1036:Chamber
996:Results
813:of the
795:Bolivia
412:History
295:12.25%
257:CONDEPA
219:
209:21.83%
206:25.24%
186:363,113
94:
69:Turnout
1849:
1771:100.00
1673:0.81%
1660:Tarija
1654:8.13%
1651:0.97%
1629:1.72%
1616:Potosi
1610:8.28%
1607:0.81%
1585:2.92%
1550:La Paz
1541:2.49%
1519:0.90%
1500:9.68%
1497:1.32%
1421:100.00
1368:100.00
1312:10,608
1282:16,416
1250:22,983
1218:39,763
1042:Senate
934:La Paz
298:8.02%
253:Party
202:25.65%
142:Party
72:73.64%
1821:Notes
1797:93.63
1765:Total
1760:34.01
1740:65.99
1717:Votes
1714:Party
1594:Pando
1572:Oruro
1434:73.64
1408:10.03
1395:89.97
1362:Total
1342:9,687
1161:12.25
1129:21.83
1097:25.24
1065:25.65
1031:Seats
1025:Votes
1019:Party
942:mayor
633:2008
625:2008
617:2009
609:2016
596:2015
588:2019
580:2020
572:2021
2664:2016
2659:2009
2654:2008
2649:2006
2644:2004
2639:1986
2634:1931
2618:2022
2613:2016
2608:2010
2593:1998
2577:2024
2572:2017
2567:2011
2551:2026
2546:2021
2541:2015
2536:2013
2531:2012
2526:2011
2521:2010
2516:2005
2511:2004
2506:1999
2501:1995
2496:1993
2491:1991
2486:1989
2481:1987
2476:1985
2459:2025
2453:2020
2448:2019
2443:2014
2438:2009
2433:2006
2428:2005
2423:2002
2418:1997
2413:1993
2408:1989
2403:1985
2398:1980
2393:1979
2388:1978
2383:1966
2378:1964
2373:1962
2368:1960
2363:1958
2358:1956
2353:1951
2348:1949
2343:1947
2338:1944
2333:1942
2328:1940
2323:1938
2318:1934
2313:1933
2308:1931
2303:1928
2298:1927
2293:1925
2288:1923
2273:1918
2268:1916
2263:1914
2258:1912
2253:1910
2248:1908
2243:1906
2238:1904
2233:1902
2228:1900
2223:1896
2218:1892
2213:1888
2208:1884
2203:1873
2198:1862
2193:1855
2188:1844
2183:1840
2164:2025
2158:2020
2153:2019
2148:2014
2143:2009
2138:2005
2133:2002
2128:1997
2123:1993
2118:1989
2113:1985
2108:1980
2103:1979
2098:1978
2093:1966
2088:1964
2083:1960
2078:1956
2073:1951
2068:1947
2063:1940
2058:1934
2053:1931
2038:1917
2033:1913
2028:1909
2023:1908
2018:1904
2013:1896
2008:1892
2003:1888
1998:1884
1993:1873
1988:1872
1983:1870
1978:1868
1973:1862
1968:1855
1963:1850
1958:1844
1953:1840
1847:ISBN
1699:and
1484:Beni
1345:0.68
1315:0.75
1285:1.16
1253:1.62
1221:2.81
1191:8.02
845:and
439:list
50:1993
40:1985
1794:157
1783:147
1768:147
1469:MIR
1464:MNR
1459:ADN
1371:130
1357:New
1351:New
1297:New
1291:New
1173:New
1167:New
1135:+18
1045:+/–
1039:+/–
903:UDP
361:MIR
343:MNR
156:MIR
151:ADN
146:MNR
2681::
1757:50
1737:97
1377:27
1321:–3
1259:–2
1227:–5
1194:10
1141:+7
1132:33
1109:–2
1103:–3
1100:38
1077:–7
1071:–3
1068:40
988:.
955:,
709:/
695::
441:)
262:IU
1922:e
1915:t
1908:v
1786:–
1720:%
1380:0
1374:0
1354:0
1348:0
1327:0
1324:0
1318:0
1309:–
1294:0
1288:0
1265:0
1262:0
1256:0
1233:0
1230:0
1224:0
1203:–
1200:0
1197:–
1170:2
1164:9
1138:8
1106:8
1074:9
1028:%
782:e
775:t
768:v
437:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
