1156:
A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points
1194:
To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day.
1276:
Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off
1185:
followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.
1208:
Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough
1218:
Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the
1184:
The US, France and Great
Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash
1420:
1236:. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.
1402:
1254:
Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.
1245:
Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.
17:
1460:
1343:
1627:
1702:
1404:
Nuclear explosion locations at the
Balapan, Kazakhstan, nuclear test site: the effects of high-precision arrival times and three-dimensional structure
1085:
1004:
923:
762:
681:
360:
279:
1733:
191:
Test 714 consisted of three devices with a combined yield of 85 kilotonnes of TNT (360 TJ). This was the last nuclear test at
Semipalatinsk.
600:
440:
842:
1223:. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.
520:
1554:
1656:
1743:
1738:
1548:
1233:
120:
1160:
1748:
1491:
1337:
221:
174:
168:
104:
99:
1232:
Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the
147:
1618:
142:
1693:
1364:
1342:. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.; Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Moscow. Inst. for Dynamics of Geospheres. p. 7.
237:
137:
242:
1483:
1617:
Kim, Won-Young; Richards, Paul G.; Andrushkin, Vitaly; Ovtchinnikov, Vladimir (April 1, 2001).
1544:
1538:
1665:
1475:
1412:
247:
132:
1264:
209:
83:
1416:
1727:
1487:
1267:. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).
163:
1620:
Borovoye digital seismogram archive for underground nuclear tests during 1966-1996
1701:(Technical report). IAEA Dept. of Nuclear Safety and Security. December 1, 2004.
1695:
Nuclear explosions in the USSR: The North Test Site reference material, version 4
1461:"Chemical explosions during 1961-1989 on the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakhstan"
1196:
1164:
1401:
Thurber, Clifford; Trabant, Chad; Haslinger, Florian; Hartog, Renate (2001).
1101:
1087:
1020:
1006:
939:
925:
858:
844:
778:
764:
697:
683:
616:
602:
536:
522:
456:
442:
376:
362:
295:
281:
1598:
USSR Nuclear
Weapons Tests and Peaceful Nuclear Explosions 1949 through 1990
226:
216:
1277:
the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.
1479:
47:
1459:
Khalturin, Vitaly I.; Rautian, Tatyana G.; Richards, Paul G. (2000).
1368:
118:
Map all coordinates in "1989 Soviet nuclear tests" using
1655:
Andrushkin, Vitaly V.; Leith, William (September 1, 2001).
1321:
Yang, Xiaoping; North, Robert; Romney, Carl (August 2000).
1658:
The containment of Soviet underground nuclear explosions
1124:
330 m (1,080 ft) – 556 m (1,824 ft)
1043:
330 m (1,080 ft) – 592 m (1,942 ft)
962:
330 m (1,080 ft) – 628 m (2,060 ft)
1219:
height is absolute or relative to ground, for example,
1411:(Technical report). Vol. 123. pp. 283–301.
881:
680 m (2,230 ft) – 94 m (308 ft)
1339:
1209:
location, shared with other tests in that same area.
90:
78:
70:
62:
54:
42:
34:
29:
24:
200:Soviet Union's 1989 series tests and detonations
18:List of nuclear weapons tests of the Soviet Union
1664:(Open File Report 01-312). USGS. Archived from
1157:and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length".
1325:(Technical report). SMDC Monitoring Research.
166:conducted in 1989. These tests followed the
8:
1409:Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors
1195:Historical time zone data obtained from the
1323:CMR Nuclear Explosion Database (Revision 3)
1602:The official Russian list of Soviet tests.
839:Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 169/2
198:
1650:
1648:
1532:
1082:Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1365
1001:Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1365
920:Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1365
759:Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1410
678:Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1410
597:Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1352
437:Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1366
357:Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1328
276:Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 1328
1688:
1686:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1592:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1388:
1386:
517:Degelen, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan: 139
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1316:
1314:
1290:
1161:"Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing"
1149:
254:
251:
246:
160:Soviet Union's 1989 nuclear test series
1423:from the original on December 19, 2013
1312:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
21:
7:
46:Balapan, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan;
1633:from the original on April 15, 2003
1600:. Sarov, Russia: RFNC-VNIIEF. 1996.
1557:from the original on April 22, 2022
1336:Adushkin, V. V.; Leith, W. (2001).
1163:. Begell-Atom, LLC. Archived from
14:
1708:from the original on May 25, 2012
1540:Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces
1365:"Time Zone Historical Database"
1346:from the original on 2022-11-11
1234:Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
1734:Soviet nuclear weapons testing
1:
1417:10.1016/s0031-9201(00)00215-6
801:330 m (1,080 ft) +
720:330 m (1,080 ft) +
639:330 m (1,080 ft) +
559:648 m (2,126 ft) +
479:330 m (1,080 ft) +
399:330 m (1,080 ft) +
318:330 m (1,080 ft) +
1543:. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
1265:tons, kilotons, and megatons
1537:Podvig, Pavel, ed. (2001).
1468:Pure and Applied Geophysics
148:GPX (secondary coordinates)
50:, Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan
1765:
1626:(Technical report). LDEO.
1367:. iana.com. Archived from
1263:Estimated energy yield in
15:
175:1990 Soviet nuclear tests
169:1988 Soviet nuclear tests
143:GPX (primary coordinates)
105:1990 Soviet nuclear tests
100:1988 Soviet nuclear tests
95:
74:underground shaft, tunnel
1744:1989 in military history
1739:1989 in the Soviet Union
1159:Mikhailov, V. N. (ed.).
172:series and preceded the
126:Download coordinates as:
1197:IANA time zone database
91:Test series chronology
1102:49.92222°N 78.90833°E
1021:49.92222°N 78.90833°E
940:49.92222°N 78.90833°E
779:50.00945°N 78.98467°E
698:50.00945°N 78.98467°E
617:49.86849°N 78.77867°E
377:49.94029°N 78.81603°E
296:49.94029°N 78.81603°E
195:List of nuclear tests
138:GPX (all coordinates)
1129:weapons development
1048:weapons development
967:weapons development
806:weapons development
725:weapons development
644:weapons development
564:weapons development
484:weapons development
457:49.9174°N 78.71217°E
404:weapons development
323:weapons development
1097: /
1016: /
935: /
859:49.7498°N 78.0117°E
854: /
774: /
693: /
612: /
532: /
452: /
372: /
291: /
201:
1749:Explosions in 1989
1480:10.1007/pl00001153
1127:underground shaft,
1107:49.92222; 78.90833
1046:underground shaft,
1026:49.92222; 78.90833
965:underground shaft,
945:49.92222; 78.90833
804:underground shaft,
784:50.00945; 78.98467
723:underground shaft,
703:50.00945; 78.98467
642:underground shaft,
622:49.86849; 78.77867
537:49.8235°N 78.068°E
482:underground shaft,
402:underground shaft,
382:49.94029; 78.81603
321:underground shaft,
301:49.94029; 78.81603
199:
1146:
1145:
1078:ALMT (6 hrs)
997:ALMT (6 hrs)
916:ALMT (6 hrs)
835:ALMT (6 hrs)
755:ALMT (6 hrs)
674:ALMT (6 hrs)
593:ALMT (6 hrs)
513:ALMT (6 hrs)
462:49.9174; 78.71217
433:ALMT (6 hrs)
353:ALMT (6 hrs)
272:ALMT (6 hrs)
162:was a group of 7
113:
112:
84:kilotonnes of TNT
1756:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1707:
1700:
1690:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1670:
1663:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1625:
1614:
1603:
1601:
1594:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1534:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1497:on March 4, 2016
1496:
1490:. Archived from
1465:
1456:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1398:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1230:
1224:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1200:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1154:
1136:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1090:
1074:
1055:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1009:
993:
974:
959:
958:
956:
955:
954:
952:
947:
946:
941:
936:
933:
932:
931:
928:
912:
893:
878:
877:
875:
874:
873:
871:
866:
865:
864:49.7498; 78.0117
860:
855:
852:
851:
850:
847:
831:
813:
798:
797:
795:
794:
793:
791:
786:
785:
780:
775:
772:
771:
770:
767:
751:
750:2 September 1989
732:
717:
716:
714:
713:
712:
710:
705:
704:
699:
694:
691:
690:
689:
686:
670:
669:2 September 1989
651:
636:
635:
633:
632:
631:
629:
624:
623:
618:
613:
610:
609:
608:
605:
589:
571:
556:
555:
553:
552:
551:
549:
544:
543:
538:
533:
530:
529:
528:
525:
509:
508:17 February 1989
491:
476:
475:
473:
472:
471:
469:
464:
463:
458:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
429:
428:12 February 1989
411:
396:
395:
393:
392:
391:
389:
384:
383:
378:
373:
370:
369:
368:
365:
349:
330:
315:
314:
312:
311:
310:
308:
303:
302:
297:
292:
289:
288:
287:
284:
268:
202:
22:
1764:
1763:
1759:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1711:
1709:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1684:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1615:
1606:
1596:
1595:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1551:
1536:
1535:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1494:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1436:
1426:
1424:
1400:
1399:
1384:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1358:
1349:
1347:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1319:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1231:
1227:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1134:
1128:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1073:19 October 1989
1072:
1053:
1047:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1015:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1002:
998:
992:19 October 1989
991:
972:
966:
950:
948:
944:
942:
938:
937:
934:
929:
926:
924:
922:
921:
917:
911:19 October 1989
910:
891:
885:
869:
867:
863:
861:
857:
856:
853:
848:
845:
843:
841:
840:
836:
829:
811:
805:
789:
787:
783:
781:
777:
776:
773:
768:
765:
763:
761:
760:
756:
749:
730:
724:
708:
706:
702:
700:
696:
695:
692:
687:
684:
682:
680:
679:
675:
668:
649:
643:
627:
625:
621:
619:
615:
614:
611:
606:
603:
601:
599:
598:
594:
587:
569:
563:
547:
545:
542:49.8235; 78.068
541:
539:
535:
534:
531:
526:
523:
521:
519:
518:
514:
507:
489:
483:
467:
465:
461:
459:
455:
454:
451:
446:
443:
441:
439:
438:
434:
427:
409:
403:
387:
385:
381:
379:
375:
374:
371:
366:
363:
361:
359:
358:
354:
348:22 January 1989
347:
328:
322:
306:
304:
300:
298:
294:
293:
290:
285:
282:
280:
278:
277:
273:
267:22 January 1989
266:
233:
197:
189:
184:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
109:
108:
102:
79:Max. yield
63:Number of tests
20:
12:
11:
5:
1762:
1760:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1719:
1682:
1671:on May 9, 2013
1644:
1604:
1568:
1549:
1508:
1434:
1382:
1356:
1328:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1269:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1225:
1211:
1201:
1187:
1177:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1041:
999:
995:
989:
982:
981:
979:
977:
975:
970:
968:
963:
960:
918:
914:
908:
901:
900:
898:
896:
894:
889:
887:
886:weapon effect
882:
879:
837:
833:
830:4 October 1989
827:
821:
820:
818:
816:
814:
809:
807:
802:
799:
757:
753:
747:
740:
739:
737:
735:
733:
728:
726:
721:
718:
676:
672:
666:
659:
658:
656:
654:
652:
647:
645:
640:
637:
595:
591:
585:
579:
578:
576:
574:
572:
567:
565:
560:
557:
515:
511:
505:
499:
498:
496:
494:
492:
487:
485:
480:
477:
435:
431:
425:
419:
418:
416:
414:
412:
407:
405:
400:
397:
355:
351:
345:
338:
337:
335:
333:
331:
326:
324:
319:
316:
274:
270:
264:
257:
256:
253:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
224:
219:
213:
206:
196:
193:
188:
185:
183:
180:
151:
150:
145:
140:
135:
129:
123:
116:
115:
114:
111:
110:
103:
97:
96:
93:
92:
88:
87:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
44:
40:
39:
36:
32:
31:
27:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1761:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1704:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1667:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1649:
1645:
1629:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1599:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1556:
1552:
1550:9780262661812
1546:
1542:
1541:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1371:on 2014-03-11
1370:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:Plumbbob/John
1215:
1212:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1181:
1178:
1167:on 2014-04-26
1166:
1162:
1153:
1150:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1135:unknown yield
1133:
1131:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1081:
1077:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1054:unknown yield
1052:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1000:
996:
990:
987:
984:
983:
980:
978:
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812:unknown yield
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738:
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121:OpenStreetMap
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98:←
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86:(490 TJ)
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1712:December 13,
1710:. Retrieved
1694:
1675:December 13,
1673:. Retrieved
1666:the original
1657:
1637:December 13,
1635:. Retrieved
1619:
1597:
1559:. Retrieved
1539:
1501:December 13,
1499:. Retrieved
1492:the original
1471:
1467:
1427:December 13,
1425:. Retrieved
1408:
1403:
1373:. Retrieved
1369:the original
1359:
1348:. Retrieved
1338:
1331:
1322:
1272:
1259:
1250:
1241:
1228:
1220:
1214:
1204:
1190:
1180:
1169:. Retrieved
1165:the original
1152:
1066:
985:
913:09:49:59.98
904:
832:11:30:00.16
824:
743:
671:04:16:59.85
662:
590:03:47:00.09
582:
510:04:01:09.22
502:
430:04:15:09.26
422:
341:
269:03:57:09.06
260:
190:
173:
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117:
38:Soviet Union
1474:: 143–171.
1105: /
1075:09:50:00.0
1024: /
994:09:50:00.0
943: /
862: /
782: /
752:04:16:59.9
701: /
620: /
588:8 July 1989
540: /
460: /
380: /
350:03:57:09.1
329:118 kt
299: /
252:References
208:Date time (
30:Information
1728:Categories
1561:January 9,
1350:2022-11-11
1285:References
1171:2013-12-18
1111: (
1092:78°54′30″E
1089:49°55′20″N
1030: (
1011:78°54′30″E
1008:49°55′20″N
973:85 kt
949: (
930:78°54′30″E
927:49°55′20″N
868: (
849:78°00′42″E
846:49°44′59″N
788: (
769:78°59′05″E
766:50°00′34″N
707: (
688:78°59′05″E
685:50°00′34″N
650:22 kt
626: (
607:78°46′43″E
604:49°52′07″N
570:10 kt
546: (
527:78°04′05″E
524:49°49′25″N
490:63 kt
466: (
447:78°42′44″E
444:49°55′03″N
386: (
367:78°48′58″E
364:49°56′25″N
305: (
286:78°48′58″E
283:49°56′25″N
232:Delivery,
229:+ height
16:See also:
1488:128953780
892:4 kt
731:6 kt
234:Purpose
227:Elevation
217:time zone
71:Test type
43:Test site
1703:Archived
1628:Archived
1555:Archived
1421:Archived
1375:March 8,
1344:Archived
222:Location
178:series.
1113:714 - 3
1032:714 - 2
951:714 - 1
884:tunnel,
790:712 - 2
709:712 - 1
562:tunnel,
388:708 - 2
307:708 - 1
248:Fallout
48:Degelen
35:Country
1547:
1486:
255:Notes
238:Device
215:Local
205:Name
55:Period
1706:(PDF)
1699:(PDF)
1669:(PDF)
1662:(PDF)
1631:(PDF)
1624:(PDF)
1495:(PDF)
1484:S2CID
1464:(PDF)
243:Yield
1714:2013
1677:2013
1639:2013
1563:2014
1545:ISBN
1503:2013
1429:2013
1377:2014
1069:- 3
988:- 2
907:- 1
746:- 2
665:- 1
344:- 2
263:- 1
158:The
82:118
58:1989
25:1989
1476:doi
1472:158
1413:doi
1067:714
986:714
905:714
870:713
825:713
744:712
663:712
628:711
583:711
548:710
503:710
468:709
423:709
342:708
261:708
187:714
133:KML
1730::
1685:^
1647:^
1607:^
1571:^
1553:.
1511:^
1482:.
1470:.
1466:.
1437:^
1419:.
1407:.
1385:^
1293:^
212:)
210:UT
1716:.
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1199:.
1174:.
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1034:)
953:)
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309:)
66:7
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