628:. Brig. Gen. Oscar Florendo, armed forces chief of Civil Military Relations, was dispatched by President Aquino to serve Aguinaldo with an arrest warrant. Florendo was taken hostage in the Hotel Delfino along with more than 50 other guests. After hours of standoff between the two sides, nearly 1,000 government troops launched an attack to dislodge Aguinaldo's forces from the hotel; the government prevailed when more than 100 of Aguinaldo's men surrendered and about 90 were captured. Florendo was shot at the Delfino by one of Aguinaldo's men and later died of his wounds. At least a dozen others were killed in or around the hotel; scores of civilian supporters of Aguinaldo were arrested; and a truck with assault rifles, mortars, and crates of ammunition was captured. During this melee, Aguinaldo fled with about 90 fighters for mountains in the north.
333:
356:
316:
296:
287:
274:
172:
305:
191:
344:
221:
210:
145:
592:, openly allied himself with the coup plotters and called for her to resign. Even Aquino's staunchest supporters saw her need for United States air support as a devastating sign of weakness. Most damaging of all, when the last rebels finally surrendered, they did so in a triumphant televised parade and with a promise from the government that they would be treated "humanely, justly, and fairly." Business leaders estimated that the mutiny cost the economy US$ 1.5 billion.
1211:
233:
264:
255:
244:
158:
608:
short-term and long-term countermeasures, including the establishment of a civilian national police force, a crackdown on corruption in the military, a performance review of appointive government officials, reforms in the process of military promotions, a review of election laws in time for the 1992 presidential elections, and a definitive statement on the part of Aquino on whether she intended to run for re-election in 1992.
507:. The government claimed the coup was crushed, but fierce fighting continued through the weekend, with Camp Aguinaldo set ablaze by the rebel howitzers. The occupation of Makati lasted until December 7, while the rebels surrendered Mactan Airbase on December 9. The official casualty toll was 99 dead (including 50 civilians) and 570 wounded.
572:
fighter planes from Clark Air Base in the
Philippines had assisted the Aquino government to repel a coup attempt. In addition, 100 marines were sent from the US Navy base at Subic Bay to protect the US Embassy in Manila. Meanwhile, USS Enterprise remained on station while conducting flight operations in the waters outside Manila Bay.
476:, Aquino went on air to address the nation, and said that "We shall smash this naked attempt once more". At that point the government counterattack began. Seven army trucks headed for Channel 4, and fierce fighting occurred there. Ramos and Renato de Villa monitored the crises from Camp Crame, the Constabulary headquarters.
571:
fighter jets stationed at Clark Air Base on Luzon to buzz the rebel planes at their base, fire in front of them if any attempted to take off, and shoot them down if they did. The buzzing by US planes soon caused the coup to collapse. On
December 2, 1989, President Bush reported that on December 1 US
556:
instead decided to instruct US F-4 pilots to take off from Clark Air Base and buzz the mutinous air base in a manner that demonstrated "extreme hostile intent," with further instructions to shoot down any planes that did takeoff. In
NovemberāDecember 1989 US forces moved to evacuate Americans during
419:
Philippine politics between 1986 and 1991 was punctuated by Aquino's struggle to survive physically and politically a succession of coup attempts, culminating in a large, bloody, and well-financed attempt in
December 1989. This attempt involved upwards of 3,000 troops, including elite Scout Rangers
607:
Participants of the
December 1989 coup later blamed perceived deficiencies in the Aquino government in areas such as graft and corruption, bureaucratic inefficiency, and lenient treatment of communist insurgents as the reasons for the coup. In response, the Davide Commission recommended several
557:
the coup attempt, and generally protect US interests in the
Philippines. During this operation, a large special operations force was formed, USAF fighter aircraft patrolled above rebel air bases, and two aircraft carriers were positioned off the Philippines.
491:
as a defensive measure. President Aquino stated that the loyal forces lacked the ability to contain the rebel forces. American help was crucial to the Aquino cause, clearing the skies of rebel aircraft and allowing loyalists to consolidate their forces.
885:
424:
itself, which was dive-bombed by vintage T-28 aircraft. Although Aquino was not hurt in this raid, the situation appeared desperate, military commanders around the country waited to see which side would triumph in Manila.
919:
503:. Government forces recaptured all military bases save for Mactan Airbase by December 3, but rebel forces retreating from Fort Bonifacio occupied 22 high-rise buildings along the Ayala business area in
567:
participated in
Operation Classic Resolve, President Bush's response to Philippine President Corazon Aquino's request for air support during the rebel coup attempt. Bush approved the use of US
532:
jets retook the skies for Aquino. The US planes had clearance to "...buzz the rebel planes at their base, fire in front of them if any attempted to take off, and shoot them down if they did".
437:, General Edgardo Abenina, General Jose Ma. Zumel and Captain Proceso Maligalig, and staged by an alliance of the RAM, led by Honasan, and Zumel. At the onset of the coup, the rebels seized
1104:"Rebel Clash Puts Aquino in New Crisis : Philippines: The battle leaves a dozen dead, including a general. The renegade governor who supported December coup attempt escapes arrest"
874:
1151:
1461:
1288:
1170:
843:
624:
governor
Rodolfo Aguinaldo, who was suspended and indicted for supporting the 1989 coup, directed his private army estimated at 300 men to seize the provincial capital of
911:
510:
The United States military supported the Aquino government during this coup. Operation "Classic
Resolve" involved the use of US airpower from the aircraft carriers
1241:
1129:"Philippine Rebellion Ends in Surrender : Mindanao: A renegade colonel gives himself up, and government forces recover two military camps on southern island"
980:
1390:
1385:
1466:
1199:
604:
to investigate and provide a full report on the series of coup attempts against her government. The report became known as the Davide
Commission Report.
575:
CIA documents suggested that Aquino asked for assistance for air strikes against RAM positions, but Washington declined since it was a "political risk".
1177:
838:
1451:
420:
and marines, in a coordinated series of attacks on Camp Crame and Camp Aquinaldo, Fort Bonifacio, Cavite Naval Base, Villamor Air Base, and on
1476:
1471:
772:
541:
1375:
1317:
1311:
648:
488:
392:
483:
assistance, at the behest of her military commanders, which was granted. 120 marines, part of an 800-strong U.S. contingent stationed at
1323:
458:
1164:
1077:
1456:
1013:
548:
recalled Aquino calling the White House and asking for the USAF to bomb a nearby air base to prevent the aircraft from attacking
400:
176:
396:
337:
1192:
950:
816:
461:
effectively shutting it down. From Sangley Airbase, the rebels launched planes and helicopters which bombarded and strafed
450:
385:
202:
76:
446:
600:
Following the failure of this coup, President Aquino established a fact-finding commission headed by COMELEC chair
480:
348:
796:
1185:
617:
1052:
495:
While many mutineers surrendered, Aquino declared: "We leave them two choices; Surrender or die". Government
1305:
1294:
561:
529:
518:
72:
1358:
1347:
740:
123:
Flight of Honasan and arrest of coup plotters, financiers and leaders but some were given amnesty later on
1282:
1128:
1103:
17:
848:
1341:
549:
462:
421:
408:
80:
1335:
553:
1299:
1264:
1258:
1252:
673:
601:
511:
631:
Seven months later on October 4, the ninth and last coup attempt happened in two army bases in
1421:
1246:
1215:
1160:
1021:
988:
778:
768:
741:"DOW-QA Philippine Defense Chief says U.S. initiated offer to help EO495 quell rebel uprising"
473:
381:
237:
68:
912:"The Final Report of the Fact-Finding Commission: VII: Causes, Analysis, and Recommendations"
817:"PURSUANT TO RA NO. 6832: Recommendations of the Final Report of the Fact Finding Commission"
1235:
484:
438:
434:
404:
279:
56:
540:
Aquino found it necessary to request United States support to put down this uprising. Then
636:
589:
309:
225:
1406:
1276:
525:
454:
442:
388:
214:
196:
100:
64:
1445:
764:
499:
jets sortied and challenged rebel planes culminating in the destruction of the rebel
232:
163:
1380:
545:
496:
96:
1219:
1210:
954:
824:
500:
304:
150:
92:
411:. It was completely defeated by the Philippine government by December 9, 1989.
1270:
625:
466:
248:
60:
1025:
992:
782:
1430:
1153:
The Final Report of the Fact-Finding Commission (pursuant to R.A. No. 6832)
407:. Metro Manila was shaken by this Christmas-time coup, which almost seized
758:
639:
and his forces mutinied for two days until they surrendered on October 6.
126:
Family and remains of Ferdinand Marcos remains exiled in Hawaii until 1991
1352:
884:. Quezon City, Philippines: National Defence College of the Philippines.
632:
621:
953:. Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism. 2003. Archived from
588:
Politically this coup was a disaster for Aquino. Her vice president,
504:
88:
84:
951:"Recommendations of the Final Report of the Fact-Finding Commission"
875:"Security Sector Reform: Way Forward for Democracy and Development"
616:
In 1990, there were other coup attempts in March and October. The
1181:
479:
With loyal forces hard-pressed by the rebels, Aquino requested
801:
568:
395:. It was staged beginning December 1, 1989, by members of the
433:
The coup was led by military officers, including Lt. Colonel
674:"Operation Classic Resolve / Operation JTF-Philippines"
882:
The study of national security at fifty: Re-awakenings
27:
Failed military overthrow of President Corazon Aquino
668:
666:
664:
1399:
1368:
1226:
1171:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
916:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
844:
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
1014:"14 Die as Philippine Troops Fight Rebel Governor"
370:99 dead (including 50 civilians) and 570 wounded
34:
868:
866:
821:Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism
760:It worked for me : in life and leadership
457:. The rebels set patrols around the runway of
120:Creation of the Davide Fact-Finding Commission
1193:
403:(RAM) and soldiers loyal to former President
73:Sangley Point Air Base (Philippine Air Force)
8:
1150:The Davide Fact-Finding Commission (1990).
1200:
1186:
1178:
1078:"Government troops beat back rebel attack"
735:
733:
731:
31:
763:. Tony Koltz (First ed.). New York:
18:1989 Philippine coup d'Ć©tat attempt
703:
701:
660:
487:, were deployed at the grounds of the
1159:. Makati: Bookmark Inc. p. 118.
1046:
1044:
1042:
974:
972:
940:Davide Commission Report, pp. 509-530
922:from the original on October 29, 2017
542:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
393:a series of coup attempts against her
7:
1462:1980s coups d'Ć©tat and coup attempts
695:Davide Commission Report, p. 222-225
649:Coup attempts against Corazon Aquino
69:Cavite Naval Base (Philippine Navy)
1467:Attempted coups in the Philippines
1053:"OUSTED GOVERNOR THREATENS AQUINO"
528:fighters from Clark Air Base. The
459:Ninoy Aquino International Airport
25:
979:Yabes, Criselda (March 5, 1990).
891:from the original on May 1, 2020.
847:. January 5, 1990. Archived from
707:Davide Commission Report, p. 229.
1209:
901:Davide Commission Report, p. 470
725:Davide Commission Report, p. 376
716:Davide Commission Report, p. 224
686:Davide Commission Report, p. 222
401:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
354:
342:
331:
314:
303:
294:
285:
272:
262:
253:
242:
231:
219:
208:
189:
177:Reform the Armed Forces Movement
170:
156:
143:
797:"History of the USS Enterprise"
397:Armed Forces of the Philippines
380:was the most serious attempted
338:Armed Forces of the Philippines
981:"MANILA ENDS HOSTAGE STANDOFF"
584:Political and economic fallout
472:Three hours after the fall of
1:
1452:Rebellions in the Philippines
1102:Drogin, Bob (March 5, 1990).
112:Philippine government victory
1477:December 1989 events in Asia
1472:Presidency of Corazon Aquino
378:1989 Philippine coup attempt
35:1989 Philippine coup attempt
1493:
620:happened on March 4, when
384:against the government of
360:RAM Loyalists from the AFP
349:United States Armed Forces
1416:
1391:2019 ("Red October" plot)
757:Powell, Colin L. (2012).
453:in Cebu, and portions of
369:
364:
324:
182:
136:
39:
746:. CIA. December 4, 1989.
560:In early December 1989,
1457:1989 in the Philippines
1420:No sign for successful
873:Cruz, Rodel A. (2013).
839:"Republic Act No. 6832"
530:United States Air Force
183:Commanders and leaders
552:. Powell and Admiral
469:and Camp Aguinaldo.
365:Casualties and losses
536:American involvement
386:Philippine President
77:Mactan Airbase, Cebu
1386:2019 (Bikoy videos)
918:. October 3, 1990.
618:Hotel Delfino siege
554:Huntington Hardisty
259:Bernard John Smith
1135:. October 6, 1990.
1018:The New York Times
827:on April 17, 2008.
612:Later coups d'Ć©tat
611:
602:Hilario Davide Jr.
47:December 1ā9, 1989
1439:
1438:
1108:Los Angeles Times
1020:. March 5, 1990.
957:on April 17, 2008
774:978-0-06-213512-4
596:Davide Commission
550:MalacaƱang Palace
474:Villamor Air Base
463:MalacaƱang Palace
422:MalacaƱang Palace
409:MalacaƱang Palace
399:belonging to the
374:
373:
320:Proceso Maligalig
238:George H. W. Bush
132:
131:
81:MalacaƱang Palace
16:(Redirected from
1484:
1426:* attempted coup
1295:1986 (Feb 22ā25)
1289:1986 (Feb 21ā22)
1214:
1213:
1202:
1195:
1188:
1179:
1174:
1158:
1137:
1136:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1051:Schmetzer, Uli.
1048:
1037:
1036:
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1032:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
999:
976:
967:
966:
964:
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899:
893:
892:
890:
879:
870:
861:
860:
858:
856:
835:
829:
828:
823:. Archived from
813:
807:
806:
793:
787:
786:
754:
748:
747:
745:
737:
726:
723:
717:
714:
708:
705:
696:
693:
687:
684:
678:
677:
670:
485:Subic Naval Base
439:Villamor Airbase
435:Gregorio Honasan
405:Ferdinand Marcos
359:
358:
357:
347:
346:
345:
336:
335:
334:
325:Military support
319:
318:
317:
308:
307:
299:
298:
297:
290:
289:
288:
280:Gregorio Honasan
277:
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258:
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194:
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162:
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149:
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83:and portions of
57:Villamor Airbase
41:
40:
32:
21:
1492:
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1100:
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1086:
1084:
1076:
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1061:
1059:
1057:Chicago Tribune
1050:
1049:
1040:
1030:
1028:
1012:
1011:
1007:
997:
995:
985:Washington Post
978:
977:
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949:
948:
944:
939:
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925:
923:
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909:
905:
900:
896:
888:
877:
872:
871:
864:
854:
852:
851:on May 23, 2022
837:
836:
832:
815:
814:
810:
795:
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790:
775:
756:
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751:
743:
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729:
724:
720:
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706:
699:
694:
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685:
681:
672:
671:
662:
657:
645:
637:Alexander Noble
614:
598:
590:Salvador Laurel
586:
581:
538:
447:Sangley Airbase
431:
417:
355:
353:
343:
341:
340:
332:
330:
315:
313:
312:
310:Salvador Laurel
302:
301:
295:
293:
292:
291:Edgardo Abenina
286:
284:
283:
273:
271:
268:Harry Rittenour
263:
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243:
241:
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226:Renato De Villa
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5:
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1437:
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1411:
1410:
1407:Oakwood mutiny
1403:
1401:
1397:
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1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1363:
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1356:
1353:2001 (AprāMay)
1350:
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1327:
1321:
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1069:
1038:
1005:
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749:
727:
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651:
644:
641:
613:
610:
597:
594:
585:
582:
580:
577:
537:
534:
526:F-4 Phantom II
455:Camp Aguinaldo
451:Mactan Airbase
443:Fort Bonifacio
430:
427:
416:
413:
389:Corazon Aquino
372:
371:
367:
366:
362:
361:
351:
327:
326:
322:
321:
269:
197:Corazon Aquino
185:
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101:Camp Aguinaldo
65:Fort Bonifacio
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26:
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1227:Attempted and
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1166:971-569-003-3
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481:U.S. military
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1169:– via
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501:T-28 Trojans
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489:U.S. Embassy
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391:and part of
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137:Belligerents
117:Coup averted
111:
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1220:Philippines
926:December 1,
635:where Col.
382:coup d'Ć©tat
215:Fidel Ramos
151:Philippines
93:Quezon City
1446:Categories
1376:1987 (Jul)
1348:2001 (Jan)
1342:1990 (Oct)
1336:1990 (Mar)
1324:1987 (Aug)
1318:1987 (Apr)
1312:1987 (Jan)
1306:1986 (Nov)
1300:1986 (Jul)
1265:1896 (Dec)
1229:successful
1113:August 23,
1087:August 23,
1062:August 23,
1031:August 23,
998:August 23,
855:August 22,
655:References
626:Tuguegarao
564:Enterprise
521:Enterprise
467:Camp Crame
415:Background
300:Jose Zumel
249:Dan Quayle
97:Metropolis
61:Camp Crame
1431:self-coup
1236:1587ā1588
1026:0362-4331
993:0190-8286
783:757483449
562:USS
519:USS
512:USS
203:President
1133:LA Times
920:Archived
886:Archived
643:See also
633:Mindanao
544:General
52:Location
1400:Related
1369:Alleged
1218:in the
622:Cagayan
579:Effects
95:around
1409:(2003)
1163:
1024:
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961:May 5,
781:
771:
765:Harper
514:Midway
505:Makati
161:
148:
108:Result
89:Manila
85:Makati
1216:Coups
1157:(PDF)
889:(PDF)
878:(PDF)
744:(PDF)
1422:coup
1381:2006
1359:2007
1330:1989
1283:1972
1277:1967
1271:1935
1259:1872
1253:1828
1247:1823
1242:1719
1161:ISBN
1115:2020
1089:2020
1064:2020
1033:2020
1022:ISSN
1000:2020
989:ISSN
963:2008
928:2021
857:2023
779:OCLC
769:ISBN
524:and
517:and
429:Coup
376:The
99:and
44:Date
1082:UPI
802:PBS
569:F-4
497:F-5
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