128:
163:
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29:
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67:
485:, the so-called "Interim Constitution" which abolished apartheid in South Africa. The text of this Interim Constitution, which came into force on 27 April 1994, coinciding with the beginning of the first democratic elections, is available online at
478:
474:
2353:
517:
1147:
486:
320:"South Africa Sends Troops to Restore Order in Ciskei : Black homelands: A coup leads to rioting and looting. The new leader asks for help, says Pretoria 'has left them behind.'"
183:
1920:
473:
All
Bantustans (both nominally independent and self-governing) were dismantled and their territories reincorporated into South Africa with effect from 27 April 1994, in terms of
2658:
1378:
1098:
2523:
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2530:
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2025:
1298:
1105:
510:
2339:
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2179:
1112:
1941:
1291:
1857:
1773:
1228:
1207:
2311:
1154:
1346:
2653:
2548:
1990:
503:
983:
2374:
2235:
2158:
1448:
242:. Gqozo stayed in power until his resignation in March 1994, several weeks before the reunification of Ciskei with South Africa after the first post-
2516:
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1371:
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at the time. The coup was followed by widespread rioting and looting, prompting Gqozo to request that the South
African government send
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101:
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2011:
1969:
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1934:
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2004:
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1983:
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2018:
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969:
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258:
200:, which took place on 4 March 1990. The coup was led by the then 37-year-old Brigadier
28:
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243:
193:
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1948:
1593:
733:
590:
424:"Oupa Gqozo, military leader of the Ciskei, quells a second coup attempt"
874:
487:
Constitution of the
Republic of South Africa, 1993 as of 27 April 1994
1585:
757:
536:
179:
147:
The overthrow of authoritarian government of
President for Life Sebe.
71:
66:
346:"South Africa Sends Troops Into Homeland After Rioting Follows Coup"
749:
161:
499:
238:, led by the Chief of the Ciskei Defence Force, Brigadier
2593:
154:
under the
Military Committee headed by Brigadier Gqozo.
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2412:
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534:
140:
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111:
97:
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77:
60:
42:
483:Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993
234:survived several coup attempts, most notably the
1299:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
2613:
511:
449:"A 2d Homeland Is Taken Over By South Africa"
8:
21:
2620:
2606:
1697:
772:
518:
504:
496:
27:
20:
204:, the Chief of Staff Intelligence of the
1372:Reconstruction and Development Programme
16:Bloodless military coup d'état in Ciskei
984:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
285:
1449:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
294:"'HOMELAND' LEADER DEPOSED IN CISKEI"
7:
2659:1990s coups d'état and coup attempts
2564:
2562:
378:. Associated Press. 10 February 1991
1379:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
1041:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
2592:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
398:"Four Arrested in Ciskei Coup Try"
14:
2654:March 1990 events in South Africa
2531:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
2166:South African Party (Cape Colony)
2573:
2567:
2543:
2542:
126:
65:
2180:South African Party (1977–1980)
2173:South African Party (1911–1934)
2089:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
1886:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
219:), who was on a state visit to
1498:2019 service delivery protests
1484:#FeesMustFall student protests
1229:1983 constitutional referendum
372:"Coup Attempt Fails in Ciskei"
227:troops to help restore order.
1:
1956:Johannesburg Reform Committee
594:
579:
556:
549:
1611:Black Consciousness Movement
1365:Government of National Unity
428:South African History Online
208:, against the government of
2664:South African history stubs
1322:Saint James Church massacre
1208:Weapons of mass destruction
2680:
2561:
1078:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
956:South West Africa campaign
855:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
820:French Huguenot settlement
274:1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
166:Topographic map of Ciskei.
2540:
2517:African National Congress
1977:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
1315:1992 apartheid referendum
264:1987 Transkei coup d'état
174:was a bloodless military
26:
2639:Military coups in Ciskei
1970:Labour Party (1969–1994)
1963:Labour Party (1910–1958)
1519:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
1477:#RhodesMustFall protests
1092:1960 republic referendum
2415:terrorist organisations
1505:2019 Johannesburg riots
1134:Constructive engagement
1099:International isolation
917:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
172:1990 Ciskei coup d'état
22:1990 Ciskei coup d'état
2588:-related article is a
1428:Attack on Kennedy Road
1055:Congress of the People
646:South African Republic
269:1990 Venda coup d'état
230:Subsequently, Gqozo's
167:
48:; 34 years ago
37:) within South Africa.
2586:South African history
1998:Natal Indian Congress
1718:Afrikaner Broederbond
1572:Afrikaner nationalism
1358:1994 general election
1329:Bophuthatswana crisis
1222:Church Street bombing
1018:Apartheid legislation
1011:1948 general election
931:South Africa Act 1909
726:Union of South Africa
546:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
526:Political history of
324:The Los Angeles Times
236:February 1991 attempt
188:nominally independent
165:
150:The establishment of
2649:1990 in South Africa
1632:Greater South Africa
1470:2014 platinum strike
1336:Shell House massacre
1264:Transkei coup d'état
1085:Sharpeville massacre
848:Battle of Blaauwberg
841:Battle of Muizenberg
793:Battle of Salt River
576:Mthethwa Paramountcy
206:Ciskei Defence Force
134:Ciskei Defence Force
2524:Democratic Alliance
1701:Civic and political
1565:Afrikaner Calvinism
1558:African nationalism
1407:African Renaissance
1113:UNSC Resolution 591
1034:Internal resistance
935:National Convention
903:Transvaal Civil War
827:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
710:Orange River Colony
232:military government
104:–led government of
23:
2644:Politics of Ciskei
1271:Ciskei coup d'état
1106:UN Resolution 1761
1071:Women's March 1956
924:South African Wars
910:Mineral Revolution
453:The New York Times
404:. 10 February 1991
376:The New York Times
298:The New York Times
210:President for Life
184:unrecognised state
168:
2601:
2600:
2556:
2555:
2509:political parties
2502:
2501:
2479:Orde van die Dood
2096:Progressive Party
1802:Congress Alliance
1618:Cape Independence
1550:Political culture
1545:
1544:
1512:COVID-19 pandemic
1442:Marikana massacre
1278:Venda coup d'état
1048:Defiance Campaign
638:Orange Free State
568:Dutch Cape Colony
160:
159:
46:4 March 1990
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2460:
2453:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2425:
2413:Paramilitary and
2405:
2403:Umkosi Wezintaba
2398:
2391:
2384:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2356:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2265:
2258:
2248:social movements
2246:Trade unions and
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
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2014:
2007:
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1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1951:
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1839:
1832:
1825:
1818:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1783:
1776:
1769:
1767:Boerestaat Party
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1698:
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1257:Dakar Conference
1252:
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1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1148:Sporting boycott
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1120:Academic boycott
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1027:
1020:
1013:
993:
986:
979:
977:Great Depression
972:
965:
963:Maritz rebellion
958:
938:
926:
919:
912:
905:
898:
891:
884:
877:
857:
850:
843:
836:
829:
822:
815:
813:Dutch settlement
795:
788:
786:Bantu migrations
773:
761:
753:
745:
737:
729:
721:
718:Transvaal Colony
713:
705:
697:
689:
686:Nieuwe Republiek
681:
673:
665:
657:
649:
641:
633:
625:
622:Natalia Republic
617:
609:
601:
599:
596:
591:Ndwandwe Kingdom
586:
584:
581:
571:
563:
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247:general election
240:Andrew Jamangile
132:
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70:
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56:
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49:
31:
24:
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2199:
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2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1940:
1933:
1926:
1919:
1914:HNP (Herstigte)
1912:
1907:HNP (Herenigde)
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1730:
1725:Afrikaner Party
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1678:
1669:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1639:Honorary whites
1637:
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1623:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
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1510:
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1496:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1400:Soweto bombings
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1348:
1341:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1201:Soweto Uprising
1199:
1192:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1160:
1153:
1146:
1141:Tar Baby Option
1139:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1062:Freedom Charter
1060:
1053:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1023:
1016:
1009:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
954:
941:
929:
922:
915:
908:
901:
894:
887:
880:
873:
860:
853:
846:
839:
832:
825:
818:
811:
798:
791:
784:
764:
756:
748:
740:
732:
724:
716:
708:
700:
692:
684:
676:
668:
662:Griqualand West
660:
654:Griqualand East
652:
644:
636:
628:
620:
612:
604:
597:
589:
582:
574:
566:
559:
552:
544:
530:
524:
494:
493:
472:
468:
458:
456:
455:. 23 March 1994
447:
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303:
301:
292:
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287:
282:
255:
127:
125:
64:
52:
50:
47:
38:
33:Map of Ciskei (
17:
12:
11:
5:
2677:
2675:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2631:
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2624:
2617:
2610:
2602:
2599:
2598:
2581:
2554:
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2541:
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2537:
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2534:
2527:
2520:
2512:
2510:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2472:Ossewabrandwag
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
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2378:
2371:
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2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2251:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2215:Unionist Party
2211:
2204:
2197:
2194:Torch Commando
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2068:Orde Boerevolk
2064:
2057:
2050:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1903:
1896:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1861:
1854:
1847:
1844:DP (1989–2000)
1840:
1837:DP (1973–1977)
1833:
1830:Dominion Party
1826:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1791:
1784:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1711:Afrikaner Bond
1706:
1704:
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1651:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1625:Day of the Vow
1621:
1614:
1607:
1598:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1553:
1551:
1547:
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1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1393:Floor crossing
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1325:
1318:
1311:
1308:Bisho massacre
1304:
1303:
1302:
1288:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1250:Operation Vula
1246:
1243:Rubicon speech
1239:
1236:Langa massacre
1232:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1169:
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970:Rand Rebellion
966:
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927:
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896:Boer Republics
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766:
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762:
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746:
742:Bophuthatswana
738:
730:
722:
714:
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702:Klein Vrystaat
698:
690:
682:
674:
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587:
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523:
522:
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466:
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389:
363:
352:. 5 March 1990
337:
326:. 6 March 1990
311:
300:. 5 March 1990
284:
283:
281:
278:
277:
276:
271:
266:
261:
259:Bisho massacre
254:
251:
158:
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144:Coup succeeds
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2389:Die Spoorbund
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2110:Radio Freedom
2107:
2104:
2100:
2097:
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2090:
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2061:Oranjewerkers
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1995:
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1215:Project Coast
1212:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1194:Mafeje affair
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1180:Durban Moment
1177:
1174:
1173:Rivonia Trial
1170:
1163:
1159:
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1127:Disinvestment
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921:
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893:
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886:
883:
882:1820 Settlers
879:
876:
872:
871:
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838:
835:
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214:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
192:
191:South African
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
164:
153:
152:military rule
149:
146:
145:
143:
139:
135:
124:
120:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
92:Regime change
90:
86:
83:
82:Military coup
80:
76:
73:
68:
63:
59:
45:
41:
36:
30:
25:
19:
2594:expanding it
2583:
2580:
2558:
2547:
2507:Histories of
2208:United Party
2117:Reform Party
2054:Orangia Unie
1679:
1670:
1663:Swart gevaar
1661:
1645:
1601:
1592:
1533:
1435:Blikkiesdorp
1270:
777:Pre-colonial
630:Natal Colony
614:Zulu Kingdom
528:South Africa
475:section 1(2)
469:
459:25 September
457:. Retrieved
452:
443:
433:25 September
431:. Retrieved
427:
418:
408:25 September
406:. Retrieved
401:
392:
382:25 September
380:. Retrieved
375:
366:
356:25 September
354:. Retrieved
349:
340:
330:25 September
328:. Retrieved
323:
314:
304:25 September
302:. Retrieved
297:
288:
229:
198:Xhosa people
171:
169:
122:Participants
112:Organised by
34:
18:
1647:Rooi gevaar
1526:2021 unrest
1456:Nkandlagate
1285:Third Force
1162:Rugby union
760:(1981–1994)
752:(1979–1994)
744:(1977–1994)
736:(1976–1994)
728:(1910–1961)
720:(1902–1910)
712:(1902–1910)
704:(1886–1891)
696:(1885–1887)
688:(1884–1888)
680:(1882–1885)
672:(1882–1883)
664:(1870–1873)
656:(1861–1879)
648:(1856–1902)
640:(1854–1902)
632:(1843–1910)
624:(1839–1843)
616:(1816–1897)
608:(1795–1910)
606:Cape Colony
598: 1780
583: 1780
570:(1652–1806)
560: 1220
553: 1075
213:Lennox Sebe
106:Lennox Sebe
2633:Categories
2458:Greyshirts
2222:Volksparty
1760:Black Sash
1421:Xenophobia
1414:Travelgate
1187:Border War
991:Bantustans
889:Great Trek
834:Xhosa Wars
694:Upingtonia
678:Stellaland
479:Schedule 1
280:References
202:Oupa Gqozo
116:Oupa Gqozo
53:1990-03-04
1681:Volkstaat
1672:Uitlander
1603:Boerehaat
1579:Anarchism
1386:Arms Deal
1349:apartheid
1025:Pass laws
1002:Apartheid
947:1910–1948
866:1815–1910
804:1652–1815
244:apartheid
221:Hong Kong
136:(faction)
2549:Category
2451:Boeremag
1949:Jeugkrag
1900:Het Volk
1594:Baasskap
1536:incident
1155:Olympics
734:Transkei
537:polities
535:Defunct
253:See also
196:for the
194:homeland
61:Location
2354:SAAPAWU
1692:Defunct
1655:Slavery
875:Mfecane
481:of the
402:AP NEWS
350:AP NEWS
141:Outcome
51: (
2305:FOSATU
2159:SAYRCO
2131:SADECO
2047:Occupy
1586:Azania
1534:Lady R
1463:Racism
1292:CODESA
769:Events
758:Ciskei
670:Goshen
600:–1819)
585:–1817)
186:and a
180:Ciskei
131:
98:Target
88:Motive
2584:This
2486:PAGAD
2382:SATUC
2375:SARHU
2361:SACTU
2340:NURHS
2298:FNETU
2284:CTSWU
2277:CNETU
2270:BLATU
2152:SAYCO
2040:NUSAS
1921:IDASA
1732:AITUP
1347:Post-
750:Venda
182:, an
72:Bisho
2590:stub
2493:SANF
2423:APLA
2368:SAIF
2347:PAWE
2333:NEUM
2326:MUSA
2291:FCWU
2236:WOSA
2187:TNIP
2145:SASO
2138:SAIC
2124:SABP
2075:PAVN
1809:COSG
1788:CTEG
1781:CNIP
477:and
461:2022
435:2022
410:2022
384:2022
358:2022
332:2022
306:2022
225:SADF
217:CNIP
176:coup
170:The
102:CNIP
78:Type
43:Date
2444:BBB
2437:AWB
2430:ARM
2396:UDF
2319:IWW
2312:ICU
2263:BCM
2256:APF
2201:UFP
2103:PRP
2082:PFP
2033:NRP
2026:NPP
2012:NNP
2005:NLP
1991:NCP
1942:ISL
1893:GNP
1865:ECC
1858:DSM
1851:DPP
1823:DLF
1795:COD
1774:CDA
1753:BPC
1746:AVF
1739:APO
178:in
35:red
2635::
2465:MK
2019:NP
1984:NA
1935:IP
1928:ID
1879:FD
1872:FA
1816:CP
595:c.
580:c.
557:c.
550:c.
451:.
426:.
400:.
374:.
348:.
322:.
296:.
249:.
2621:e
2614:t
2607:v
2596:.
937:)
933:(
593:(
578:(
562:)
555:–
548:(
519:e
512:t
505:v
489:.
463:.
437:.
412:.
386:.
360:.
334:.
308:.
215:(
55:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
