472:
The method of redistricting for a majority of maps implemented was through legislative committee. Democrats were initially buoyed by the results of the 1990 election, which gave them trifecta control of key
Sunbelt states, like California, Texas and Florida, which gained multiple congressional seats
44:
elections, which saw
Democrats lose nine seats from their U.S. House majority and lose sixteen state legislative chambers but continue to retain a majority of state legislative seats nationwide throughout the decade. To date, it is the last time that Democrats held a majority of state legislative
83:
Because of population changes, twenty-one states had changes in their number of seats. Eight states gained at least one seat, and thirteen states lost at least one seat. The final result involved 19 seats being switched.
140:
194:
179:
218:
998:
189:
150:
113:
174:
239:
225:
208:
203:
169:
145:
184:
135:
130:
118:
164:
123:
1039:
213:
159:
432:
288:
740:
353:
348:
343:
822:
427:
1034:
972:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
313:
771:
457:
1003:
951:
711:
452:
328:
323:
318:
298:
293:
283:
263:
258:
29:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
278:
77:
507:
977:
704:
362:
308:
303:
875:
870:
865:
855:
850:
845:
447:
442:
437:
273:
65:
49:
33:
911:
338:
333:
268:
1008:
515:
73:
25:
815:
921:
931:
69:
635:
603:
41:
748:
906:
808:
956:
37:
946:
916:
901:
53:
21:
1013:
940:
896:
891:
619:
595:
36:
also drew new districts for that legislative body. The resulting new districts were first implemented for the
772:"The 1990 Elections: The Future - Redistricting; Elections Strengthen Hand of Democrats In '91 Redistricting"
563:
936:
555:
531:
926:
611:
715:
499:
666:
523:
491:
547:
643:
779:
627:
571:
64:
The results of the 1990 census determined the number of seats that each state receives in the
682:
674:
486:
The cycle saw a large number of lawsuits and settlements regarding racial gerrymandering:
1028:
831:
800:
658:
587:
579:
539:
48:
The districts drawn in the 1990 redistricting cycle remained in effect until the
783:
72:. Consequently, this affected the number of votes each state has in the
982:
804:
508:
Houston
Lawyers' Association v. Attorney General of Texas
705:"Partisan composition of State Legislatures 1990-2000"
473:
at the expense of
Midwestern and Northeastern states.
240:
991:
965:
884:
838:
234:Newly created districts and eliminated districts
24:. In all fifty states, various bodies re-drew
816:
28:and congressional districts. States that are
8:
973:National Democratic Redistricting Committee
20:took place following the completion of the
823:
809:
801:
238:The new seats were first contested in the
712:National Conference of State Legislatures
45:seats throughout an entire census cycle.
1040:Electoral geography of the United States
244:
86:
978:National Republican Redistricting Trust
696:
66:United States House of Representatives
34:United States House of Representatives
18:1990 United States redistricting cycle
770:Oreskes, Michael (November 8, 1990).
7:
636:Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board
604:Reno v. Bossier Parish School Board
1035:Redistricting in the United States
832:Redistricting in the United States
14:
516:Presley v. Etowah County Comm'n
1:
741:"1990 Apportionment Results"
1004:Congressional apportionment
50:next round of redistricting
1056:
78:1992 presidential election
32:more than one seat in the
54:2000 United States census
22:1990 United States census
1014:Redistricting commission
620:Lopez v. Monterey County
596:Lopez v. Monterey County
468:Means of redistricting
564:United States v. Hays
482:Racial gerrymandering
477:Subsequent litigation
248:Eliminated districts
751:on November 26, 2015
556:Johnson v. De Grandy
532:Voinovich v. Quilter
644:Sinkfield v. Kelley
96:Gained three seats
90:Gained seven seats
776:The New York Times
251:Created districts
93:Gained four seats
68:starting with the
1022:
1021:
628:Hunt v. Cromartie
612:Abrams v. Johnson
572:Miller v. Johnson
465:
464:
433:North Carolina 12
231:
230:
108:Lost three seats
74:Electoral College
26:state legislative
1047:
992:Related articles
825:
818:
811:
802:
795:
794:
792:
790:
767:
761:
760:
758:
756:
747:. Archived from
745:US Census Bureau
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
720:
714:. Archived from
709:
701:
683:Lance v. Coffman
652:Other litigation
500:Chisom v. Roemer
428:Montana at-large
289:Massachusetts 11
245:
99:Gained one seat
87:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1018:
987:
961:
880:
834:
829:
799:
798:
788:
786:
769:
768:
764:
754:
752:
739:
738:
734:
724:
722:
718:
707:
703:
702:
698:
693:
675:Lance v. Dennis
667:Branch v. Smith
654:
524:Growe v. Emison
492:Clark v. Roemer
484:
479:
470:
354:West Virginia 4
349:Pennsylvania 23
344:Pennsylvania 22
236:
105:Lost two seats
62:
60:Reapportionment
12:
11:
5:
1053:
1051:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1009:Gerrymandering
1006:
1001:
995:
993:
989:
988:
986:
985:
980:
975:
969:
967:
963:
962:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
934:
929:
924:
922:North Carolina
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
888:
886:
882:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
842:
840:
836:
835:
830:
828:
827:
820:
813:
805:
797:
796:
762:
732:
721:on May 9, 2022
695:
694:
692:
689:
688:
687:
679:
671:
663:
653:
650:
649:
648:
640:
632:
624:
616:
608:
600:
592:
584:
576:
568:
560:
552:
548:Holder v. Hall
544:
536:
528:
520:
512:
504:
496:
483:
480:
478:
475:
469:
466:
463:
462:
461:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
358:
357:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
253:
252:
249:
235:
232:
229:
228:
223:
222:
221:
216:
211:
206:
199:
198:
197:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
155:
154:
153:
148:
143:
141:North Carolina
138:
133:
126:
121:
116:
110:
109:
106:
103:
102:Lost one seat
100:
97:
94:
91:
70:1992 elections
61:
58:
52:following the
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1052:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
990:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
968:
966:Organizations
964:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
942:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
889:
887:
883:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
843:
841:
837:
833:
826:
821:
819:
814:
812:
807:
806:
803:
785:
781:
777:
773:
766:
763:
750:
746:
742:
736:
733:
717:
713:
706:
700:
697:
690:
685:
684:
680:
677:
676:
672:
669:
668:
664:
661:
660:
659:Utah v. Evans
656:
655:
651:
646:
645:
641:
638:
637:
633:
630:
629:
625:
622:
621:
617:
614:
613:
609:
606:
605:
601:
598:
597:
593:
590:
589:
585:
582:
581:
577:
574:
573:
569:
566:
565:
561:
558:
557:
553:
550:
549:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
525:
521:
518:
517:
513:
510:
509:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
493:
489:
488:
487:
481:
476:
474:
467:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
398:California 52
396:
394:
393:California 51
391:
389:
388:California 50
386:
384:
383:California 49
381:
379:
378:California 48
376:
374:
373:California 47
371:
369:
368:California 46
366:
364:
361:
360:
359:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
314:New Jersey 14
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
256:
255:
254:
250:
247:
246:
243:
241:
233:
227:
224:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
200:
196:
195:West Virginia
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
180:Massachusetts
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
157:
156:
152:
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
128:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
111:
107:
104:
101:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
59:
57:
55:
51:
46:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
932:Pennsylvania
860:
787:. Retrieved
775:
765:
753:. Retrieved
749:the original
744:
735:
723:. Retrieved
716:the original
699:
681:
673:
665:
657:
642:
634:
626:
618:
610:
602:
594:
588:Bush v. Vera
586:
580:Shaw v. Hunt
578:
570:
562:
554:
546:
540:Shaw v. Reno
538:
530:
522:
514:
506:
498:
490:
485:
471:
458:Washington 9
237:
219:Pennsylvania
82:
63:
47:
17:
15:
755:October 26,
453:Virginia 11
329:New York 34
324:New York 33
319:New York 32
299:Michigan 18
294:Michigan 17
284:Louisiana 8
264:Illinois 22
259:Illinois 21
30:apportioned
1029:Categories
952:Washington
907:California
691:References
423:Georgia 11
418:Florida 23
413:Florida 22
408:Florida 21
403:Florida 20
279:Kentucky 7
190:New Jersey
151:Washington
114:California
957:Wisconsin
784:0362-4331
363:Arizona 6
309:Montana 2
304:Montana 1
175:Louisiana
999:Case law
947:Virginia
917:Michigan
902:Arkansas
885:By state
839:By cycle
448:Texas 30
443:Texas 29
438:Texas 28
274:Kansas 5
226:New York
209:Michigan
204:Illinois
170:Kentucky
146:Virginia
76:for the
912:Georgia
897:Arizona
892:Alabama
789:May 17,
725:May 17,
339:Ohio 21
334:Ohio 20
185:Montana
136:Georgia
131:Arizona
119:Florida
983:REDMAP
782:
686:(2007)
678:(2006)
670:(2003)
662:(2002)
647:(2000)
639:(2000)
631:(1999)
623:(1999)
615:(1997)
607:(1997)
599:(1996)
591:(1996)
583:(1996)
575:(1995)
567:(1995)
559:(1994)
551:(1994)
543:(1993)
535:(1993)
527:(1993)
519:(1992)
511:(1991)
503:(1991)
495:(1991)
269:Iowa 6
165:Kansas
937:Texas
719:(PDF)
708:(PDF)
124:Texas
941:2003
927:Ohio
876:2020
871:2010
866:2000
861:1990
856:1980
851:1970
846:1960
791:2022
780:ISSN
757:2016
727:2022
214:Ohio
160:Iowa
42:1992
40:and
38:1991
16:The
1031::
778:.
774:.
743:.
710:.
242:.
80:.
56:.
943:)
939:(
824:e
817:t
810:v
793:.
759:.
729:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.