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807:. Across seven states, damage totaled over $ 200 million (1991 USD). Over a three-day period, the storm lashed the northeastern United States with high waves, causing damage to beachfront properties from North Carolina to Maine. The coastal flooding damaged or destroyed hundreds of homes and businesses and closed roads and airports. In addition, high winds left about 38,000 people without power. The total without power was much less than for Hurricane Bob two months prior, and was fairly low due to little rainfall and the general lack of leaves on trees. Overall there were thirteen confirmed deaths, including six on board
1014:. More than half of the damage total was from property damage, with the remainder to transportation, seawalls, and public facilities. Although there were no deaths, there were two injuries in the state. In neighboring New Hampshire, coastal flooding affected several towns, destroying two homes. The storm destroyed three boats and damaged a lighthouse. High waves destroyed or swept away over 50,000 lobster traps, representing $ 2 million in losses (1991 USD). Damage was estimated at $ 5.6 million (1991 USD). Further west, high winds and coastal flooding lashed the Rhode Island and Connecticut coasts, killing a man in
1216:
508:
2489:
204:
1059:
788:
1244:
966:, the highest tide was 14.3 ft (4.4 m), which was only 1 ft (30 cm) lower than the record from the blizzard of 1978. High waves on top of the storm tide reached about 30 ft (9.1 m). The storm produced heavy rainfall in southeastern Massachusetts, peaking at 5.5 inches (140 mm). Coastal floods closed several roads, forcing hundreds of people to evacuate. In addition to the high tides, the storm produced strong winds;
850:
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651:. The hurricane accelerated toward the northeast and quickly weakened back into a tropical storm. It made landfall near Halifax, Nova Scotia, at 14:00 UTC on November 2, with sustained winds of 45 mph (72 km/h). While the storm was approaching the coast, weather radars depicted curved rainbands on the western side of the system. After crossing over
361:. High waves swept two people to their deaths, one in Rhode Island and one in Puerto Rico, and another person was blown off a bridge to his death. The tropical cyclone that formed late in the storm's duration caused little impact, limited to power outages and slick roads; one person was killed in Newfoundland from a traffic accident related to the storm.
465:
527:. The interaction between the extratropical storm and the high pressure system to its north created a significant pressure gradient, which created large waves and strong winds. Between the southern New England coast and the storm's center, the pressure differential was 70 mbar (2.1 inHg). A buoy located 264 miles (425 km) south of
1776:
1204:. Damage in the state was estimated at $ 3 million (1991 USD). High waves also affected Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic. In Puerto Rico, waves of 15 ft (4.6 m) affected the island's north coast, which prompted 32 people to seek shelter. The waves swept a person off a large rock to his death.
750:
in which Case described the convergence of weather conditions as being "perfect" for the formation of such a storm. Other
National Weather Service offices were tasked with issuing warnings for this storm in lieu of the typical NHC advisories. The OPC posted warnings on the unnamed hurricane in its
675:
forecast the development of a significant storm off New
England. However, the models were inadequate in forecasting coastal conditions, which in one instance failed to provide adequate warning. In addition, a post-storm assessment found an insufficient number of observation sites along the coast. On
499:
was swept aloft by its cold front into the warm conveyor belt circulation of the deep cyclone on
October 29, with the storm completely absorbing Grace by the next day. The cyclone significantly strengthened as a result of the temperature contrast between the cold air to the northwest, and the warmth
1191:
had large portions covered with water for several blocks away from the beach. The resultant flooding damaged 525 houses and 28 businesses and destroyed two motels and a few homes. Damage was estimated at $ 6.7 million (1991 USD). Farther south, the storm left 14 people injured in
Florida. There was
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named officially recognized tropical storms and hurricanes. The unnamed hurricane was reported to have met all the criteria for a tropical cyclone, but it was purposefully left unnamed. This was done to avoid confusion among the media and the public, who were focusing on the damage from the initial
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rivers experienced tidal flooding. Outside
Massachusetts, damage was heaviest in southern New Jersey, where the cost was estimated at $ 75 million (1991 USD). Across the area, tide heights reached their highest since the 1944 hurricane, leaving severe coastal and back bay flooding and closing many
915:
arrived and rescued four members of the crew of five after six hours in hypothermic waters. The survivors were pilots, Major
Christopher David Ruvola and Captain Graham Buschor, flight engineer Staff Sergeant James R. Mioli, and pararescue jumper Technical Sergeant John Spillane. The fifth member,
341:
off the coast of Nova Scotia reported a wave height of 100.7 feet (30.7 m), the highest ever recorded in the province's offshore waters. In
Massachusetts, where damage was heaviest, over 100 homes were destroyed or severely damaged. To the north, more than 100 homes were affected in Maine,
997:
Elsewhere in New
England, waves up to 30 ft (9.1 m) reached as far north as Maine, along with tides that were 3 ft (0.91 m) above normal. Significant flooding was reported in that state, along with high winds that left areas without power. A total of 49 houses were severely
684:
likewise issued warnings for the potential storm, providing information to emergency service offices as well as the media. The public however was skeptical and did not recognize the threat. The timely warnings ultimately lowered the death toll; whereas the
Perfect Storm caused 13 deaths, the
1010:, tides were 3 ft (0.91 m) above normal, among the ten highest tides since record-keeping began in 1914. Along the coast, damage was worse than that caused by Hurricane Bob two months prior. Across Maine, the storm left $ 7.9 million (1991 USD) in damage, mostly in
953:
opened service centers in four locations in
Massachusetts to assist the storm victims by providing food, clothing, medicine, and shelter. The agency deployed five vehicles carrying cleanup units and food, and allocated $ 1.4 million to provide assistance to 3,000 families.
1049:
due to slick roads. On October 28, prior to the nor'easter's development into a subtropical storm, a record 4.4 in (116 mm) of snowfall was recorded across Newfoundland. The storm caused no significant damage in Canada, other than these traffic accidents.
889:
last known position, recorded a 73 ft (22 m) rise in wave height in 10 hours while the extratropical storm was still rapidly intensifying. Two buoys near the Massachusetts coast observed record wave heights, and one observed a record wind report. The
328:
Most of the damage occurred while the storm was extratropical, after waves up to 30 feet (10 m) struck the coastline from Nova Scotia to Florida and southeastward to Puerto Rico. In portions of New England, the damage was worse than that caused by
712:
and later a warning was issued, along with a gale warning. The Hatteras NWS office ultimately released 19 coastal flood statements, as well as media reports explaining the threat from the wind and waves, and a state of emergency was declared for
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sank while returning to Gloucester, her debris washing ashore over the subsequent weeks. The crew of six was presumed killed after a Coast Guard search was unable to find them. The storm and the boat's sinking became the center-piece for
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Despite the storm's severity, it was neither the costliest nor the strongest to affect the northeastern United States. It was weakening as it made its closest approach to land, and the highest tides occurred during the
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left it unnamed to avoid confusion amid media interest in the precursor extratropical storm. The system was the twelfth and final tropical cyclone, the eighth tropical storm, and fourth hurricane in the
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Upon peaking in intensity, the nor'easter turned southward and gradually weakened; by November 1, its pressure had risen to 998 millibars (29.5 inHg). The low moved over warm waters of the
817:, for the waters off Nova Scotia. After encountering high seas in the middle of the storm, the vessel made its last radio contact late on October 28, about 180 miles (290 km) northeast of
735:
on the hurricane, the National Hurricane Center only referred to the system as "Unnamed Hurricane". The Natural Disaster Survey Report called the storm "The Halloween Nor'easter of 1991". The "
605:, reported maximum sustained winds of 61 mph (98 km/h) with gusts to 72 mph (116 km/h) and a significant wave height of 31 feet (9.4 m) near 00:00 UTC on October 31.
1159:, high waves were initially caused by Hurricane Grace and later its interaction with a high pressure system. This produced gale-force winds and 12 ft (3.7 m) waves in the town of
909:, after it was unable to refuel in flight and ran out of fuel. After the helicopter had attempted a rescue in the midst of the storm, an 84-person crew on the Coast Guard Cutter
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and turned toward the northeast. On November 1, the system evolved into a full-fledged hurricane, with peak sustained winds of 75 miles per hour (120 km/h), although the
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From Massachusetts to Maine, thousands of people evacuated their homes and sought shelter. A state of emergency was declared for nine counties in Massachusetts, including
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1978:
1951:
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later in its life. Damage from the storm totaled over $ 200 million (1991 USD) and thirteen people were killed in total, six of which were an outcome of the sinking of
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and moisture from the remnants of Grace. The low-pressure system continued deepening as it drifted toward the United States. It had an unusual retrograde motion for a
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495:, with a strong high pressure center over eastern Canada. The blocking ridge forced the extratropical low to track toward the southeast and later to the west.
357:, an Air National Guard helicopter ran out of fuel and crashed; four members of its crew were rescued and one died. Two people died after their boat sank off
1041:
were left without power. The storm also caused widespread power outages in Newfoundland from its high winds, which reached 68 mph (110 km/h) near
686:
2004:
986:. There were two injuries in the state, although there were no fatalities. Across Massachusetts, damage totaled in the hundreds of millions of dollars.
483:
that exited the east coast of the United States. On October 28, the front spawned an extratropical low to the east of Nova Scotia. Around that time, a
2721:
519:, the storm attained its peak intensity with winds of up to 70 mph (110 km/h). The nor'easter reached peak intensity at approximately 12:00
504:, beginning a set of meteorological circumstances that occur only once every 50 to 100 years. Most nor'easters affect New England from the southwest.
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of 75 mph (121 km/h); these estimates, combined with reports from an Air Force Reserve Unit flight into the storm and confirmation that a
2686:
2653:
1042:
1698:
1611:
878:, which is the time when tide ranges are minimal. The worst of the storm effects stayed offshore. A buoy 650 miles (1,050 km) northeast of
1277:
353:. More than 38,000 people were left without power, and along the coast high waves inundated roads and buildings. Off the shore of New York's
2124:
2094:
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Along the Massachusetts coastline, the storm produced 25 ft (7.6 m) wave heights on top of a 4 ft (1.2 m) high tide. In
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requested a declaration for portions of the coastline, but the request was denied because of the funding needs of other disasters, such as
1838:
2257:
2288:
2187:
648:
574:(average height of the highest one-third of all waves) of 39 feet (12 m) around 15:00 UTC on October 30. Another buoy, located at
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to be disaster areas. The declaration allowed for the affected residents to apply for low-interest repair loans. New Jersey governor
2711:
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1163:. Later, the extratropical predecessor to the unnamed hurricane produced additional high waves, causing oceanfront flooding from
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first issued a heavy surf advisory on October 27, more than eight hours before the first reports of high waves. That same day, a
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nor'easter, as the hurricane itself was not expected to pose a major threat to land. It was the eighth nameable storm of the
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noted that a "dangerous storm" would form within 36 hours, with its wording emphasizing the unusual nature of the storm. The
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reported a wave height of 100.7 feet (30.7 m) on October 30. This became the highest recorded wave height on the
1119:
Boardwalk. Fire Island National Seashore was affected, washing away an entire row of waterfront houses in towns like
1575:
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1037:. In Nova Scotia, where the storm made landfall, precipitation reached 1.18 in (30 mm), and 20,000 people in
507:
2701:
1761:
1313:– A similar nor'easter that developed into Tropical Storm Wanda several days after striking the Northeastern U.S.
1272:
1180:
1172:
1116:
975:
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891:
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reported maximum sustained winds of 56 mph (90 km/h) with gusts to 75 mph (121 km/h), and a
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pararescue jumper Technical Sergeant Arden Richard Smith, was never found. They were all featured on the show
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979:
1282:
918:
799:
The Halloween Storm of 1991 left significant damage along the east coast of the United States, primarily in
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before turning to the southwest and weakening. Moving over warmer waters, the system transitioned into a
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1196:. In some locations, beaches gained additional sand from the wave action. Two people went missing off
1058:
787:
1607:
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1143:, reached a record height of 7.8 ft (2.4 m), while elsewhere the tides were similar to the
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173:
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helicopter of the 106th Air Rescue Wing ditched during the storm, 90 miles (140 km) south of
2131:
1128:
1104:
1011:
974:
in northeastern Massachusetts to Nantucket, with over 100 homes destroyed or severely damaged at
950:
866:
728:, as well as from Nova Scotia to Prince Edward Island and between Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.
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In New York and northern New Jersey, the storm system left the most coastal damage since the
325:. The tropical system weakened, striking Nova Scotia as a tropical storm before dissipating.
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Off the coast of Atlantic Canada, the storm produced very high waves, flooding a ship near
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had been identified at the center of the larger low. (Although these conditions are rare,
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center was present, indicated that the system had become a Category 1 hurricane on the
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and stranding another ship. Along the coast, the waves wrecked three small boats near
700:, as well as two in Maine. In North Carolina, the National Weather Service offices in
511:
The tropical storm making landfall west of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, on November 2
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minor beach erosion and flooding, which damaged two houses and destroyed the pier at
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In Canada, the threat from the storm prompted the cancellation of ferry service from
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1074:. High winds swept a man off a bridge, killing him. High waves flooded the beach at
46:
1135:, there was widespread water damage to homes, including ten affected houses in the
1083:
1082:, waves washed over a seawall, forcing 200 people to evacuate. Further inland, the
1026:
818:
379:
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
338:
759:
for the storm. Local NWS offices along the East coast covered the storm in their
1171:. Flooding was first reported on October 28, when the ocean covered a portion of
337:
along rivers, the storm's effects were primarily concentrated along the coast. A
1481:
1156:
809:
747:
609:
354:
278:
253:
1704:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. p. 2686. Archived from
1484:. National Oceanographic & Atmospheric Administration News. June 16, 2000.
1211:
1100:
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rescued 25 people at sea at the height of the storm, including 13 people from
804:
480:
134:
1002:, the storm blew out windows and flooded the vacation home of then-President
592:
579:
557:
544:
879:
875:
492:
717:. The warnings and lead times in the region were described as "very good".
663:
624:. On November 1, while the storm was moving in a counter-clockwise loop, a
620:
around the center began to organize. Around this time, the system attained
304:. The storm lashed the east coast of the United States with high waves and
971:
613:
524:
1571:
925:
Following the storm's damage, President George H. W. Bush declared five
1127:
on clamming in the state's bays, due to contaminated waters. Along the
998:
damaged, 2 were destroyed, and overall more than 100 were affected. In
539:
off the coast of Nova Scotia. East of Cape Cod, a NOAA buoy located at
301:
970:
recorded a gust of 78 mph (126 km/h). Damage was worst from
755:. The National Weather Service State Forecast Office in Boston issued
639:
was forming, and the tropical cyclone reached its peak intensity with
963:
775:. Had the system been named instead, it would have received the name
1115:
system mitigated the erosion in some areas. There was damage to the
300:
to its north, it reached its peak intensity as a large and powerful
1070:. Numerous boats were damaged or destroyed, killing two people off
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1482:"NOAA Meteorologist Bob Case, the Man Who Named the Perfect Storm"
1057:
988:
848:
786:
662:
506:
374:
231:(especially in the years immediately after it took place) and the
1845:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
1779:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1674:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
1453:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
1404:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
632:
during 1980 formed within a larger non-tropical weather system.)
1112:
2437:
1200:
after their boat lost power. High waves destroyed a portion of
1006:. The home sustained significant damage to its first floor. In
836:(1997), which was adapted to a major Hollywood film in 2000 as
30:"Halloween Storm" redirects here. For the 2011 nor'easter, see
520:
2289:"Bush to assess damage to Kennebunkport home battered by sea"
312:
before becoming a tropical storm. It executed a loop off the
1179:; the route is the primary thoroughfare in the Outer Banks.
667:
The Perfect Storm to the south of Nova Scotia on October 30.
403:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
398:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
1062:
The cyclone near its closest approach to the United States
1045:. There were at least 35 traffic accidents, one fatal, in
471:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
423:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
418:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
993:
Street flooding in Ocean City, New Jersey, from the storm
413:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
779:, which was the next name on the 1991 list after Grace.
408:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
2095:"Storms turn elements loose: waves, flood, snow, wind"
515:
While situated about 390 miles (630 km) south of
1839:"The Ocean Prediction Center and "The Perfect Storm""
1018:. Winds reached 63 miles per hour (101 km/h) in
51:
The unnamed hurricane at peak intensity on November 1
428:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
269:. The nor'easter received the name, playing off the
27:
Nor'easter and Category 1 Atlantic hurricane in 1991
2001:"Canadian Tropical Cyclone Season Summary for 1991"
1808:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
180:
168:
160:
155:
128:
120:
97:
82:
63:
56:
2125:"Surviving The Perfect Storm - Air National Guard"
1909:"Wind and water take toll along Connecticut Shore"
1758:"Atlantic hurricane best track (HURDAT version 2)"
1572:"A comparative retrospective on the Perfect Storm"
1449:National Climatic Data Center (August 20, 2008).
1107:, as well as $ 10 million damage to the beach in
655:, the storm fully dissipated late on November 2.
2378:"Erosion is a sampling of hurricane's potential"
1697:Pasch, Richard; Avila, Lixion (March 26, 1992).
1606:Canadian Hurricane Centre (September 14, 2010).
1522:"East battered by storm born off Canada; 4 lost"
2228:. Down the Shore Publishing. pp. 148–150.
2158:"History – CGC Tamaroa and "The Perfect Storm""
739:" moniker was coined by author and journalist
523:on October 30 with its lowest pressure of 972
247:to its south and evolved into a small unnamed
2449:
2351:"Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 3"
1975:"Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 4"
1732:"Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 2"
1638:"Unnamed Hurricane Preliminary Report Page 1"
8:
2320:"N.H. lobster industry says it was hit hard"
2003:. Canadian Hurricane Centre. July 10, 2009.
743:after a conversation with NWS Boston Deputy
39:
2707:1991 natural disasters in the United States
2353:. National Hurricane Center. Archived from
2224:Buchholz, Margaret; Larry Savadove (1993).
2028:"Ana, Bob, Claudette first hurricane names"
1139:area of Virginia Beach, Virginia. Tides in
813:, a swordfishing boat. The vessel departed
2456:
2442:
2434:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1574:. Boston National weather Service Office.
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1426:
882:, which was 60 miles (97 km) west of
202:
45:
38:
1866:
1864:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2156:Thiesen, William H. (November 4, 2010).
1631:
1629:
2256:Hidlay, William C. (November 1, 1991).
2088:
2086:
2084:
1832:
1830:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1322:
2268:from the original on September 9, 2015
2181:
2179:
1954:from the original on December 30, 2013
1578:from the original on February 14, 2013
1476:
1474:
1472:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1278:List of Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes
635:By around 14:00 UTC on November 1, an
273:, after a conversation between Boston
147:(972 mbar (28.7 inHg) while
2732:November 1991 events in North America
2562:
2557:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2188:"Red Cross Opens Assistance Shelters"
1981:from the original on October 25, 2012
1938:
1936:
1934:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1738:from the original on October 24, 2012
1644:from the original on October 23, 2012
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
296:on October 28. Forced southward by a
7:
2727:October 1991 events in North America
2409:"Wintry blast sends snow into Texas"
2160:. Coastguard Compass. Archived from
2007:from the original on October 2, 2013
1614:from the original on October 5, 2013
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1095:roads. The storm caused significant
479:The Perfect Storm originated from a
2388:from the original on April 25, 2016
2093:Staff writer (September 11, 2011).
2069:from the original on April 27, 2016
2038:from the original on April 29, 2016
1873:"Atlantic Storm Wallops East Coast"
1699:"Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1980"
1532:from the original on April 29, 2016
1123:. Following the storm, there was a
1815:from the original on June 29, 2011
1488:from the original on July 16, 2011
865:that rescued the crew of a downed
25:
2622:
2617:
2419:from the original on May 19, 2016
2407:Staff writer (November 1, 1991).
2376:Herzog, Carl (November 2, 1991).
2330:from the original on May 20, 2016
2318:Staff writer (November 2, 1991).
2299:from the original on May 12, 2016
2287:Staff writer (October 31, 1991).
2186:Staff writer (November 2, 1991).
2105:from the original on May 27, 2016
2059:"Search Ended for Lost Fishermen"
2057:Park, Paula (November 11, 1991).
1907:Staff writer (October 31, 1991).
1883:from the original on May 20, 2016
1871:Rogers, John (October 31, 1991).
1520:Staff writer (October 31, 1991).
1263:List of unnamed tropical cyclones
1167:through the northern portions of
1035:Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador
830:'s best-selling non-fiction book
2722:Natural disasters in Nova Scotia
2649:
2648:
2598:
2593:
2487:
2226:Great Storms of the Jersey Shore
2200:from the original on May 1, 2016
1919:from the original on May 2, 2016
1774:
1395:""Perfect Storm" Damage Summary"
1336:Nantucket Historical Association
1242:
1228:
1214:
935:Rockingham County, New Hampshire
463:
453:
443:
333:two months earlier. Aside from
77:(Extratropical until October 31)
2697:Hurricanes in the United States
2586:
2581:
2574:
2569:
2526:
2521:
1837:Hoke, Jim (February 16, 2005).
1670:National Climatic Data Center.
1393:McCown, Sam (August 20, 2008).
1258:North Atlantic tropical cyclone
1103:(382,000 cubic meters) lost in
958:New England and Atlantic Canada
2687:Category 1 Atlantic hurricanes
2550:
2545:
2538:
2533:
2466:1991 Atlantic hurricane season
1945:"North Carolina Coastal Flood"
1608:"1991-Unnamed "Perfect Storm""
1570:Drag, Walter (July 14, 2000).
1332:"Journal of the No-Name Storm"
1268:List of New England hurricanes
773:1991 Atlantic hurricane season
649:Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale
323:1991 Atlantic hurricane season
239:in October 1991. Initially an
215:1991 Atlantic hurricane season
18:1991 Halloween Nor'easter
1:
2610:
2605:
2514:
2509:
2502:
2497:
2026:Staff Writer (June 2, 1991).
1977:. National Hurricane Center.
1950:. National Hurricane Center.
1734:. National Hurricane Center.
1640:. National Hurricane Center.
1402:National Climatic Data Center
1300:Tropical Storm Melissa (2019)
1068:1944 Great Atlantic hurricane
172:>$ 200 million (1991
1155:In North Carolina along the
235:, was a damaging and deadly
2717:Natural disasters in Canada
2634:
2629:
1145:Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962
1033:, as well as nine boats in
947:1989 Loma Prieta earthquake
900:New York Air National Guard
715:Dare County, North Carolina
622:subtropical characteristics
292:developed off the coast of
124:75 mph (120 km/h)
2748:
1943:Pelissier, Joseph (1991).
1760:(Database). United States
1016:Narragansett, Rhode Island
691:1938 New England hurricane
689:killed 99 people, and the
368:
189:Northeastern United States
29:
2644:
2494:
2485:
2472:
2464:Tropical cyclones of the
2258:"Maine hit hard by storm"
1843:Oceanic Prediction Center
1762:National Hurricane Center
1273:List of Canada hurricanes
1173:North Carolina Highway 12
1022:, causing power outages.
945:, Hurricane Bob, and the
931:counties in Massachusetts
892:United States Coast Guard
815:Gloucester, Massachusetts
768:National Hurricane Center
757:Offshore Marine Forecasts
318:National Hurricane Center
210:
198:
104:
44:
32:2011 Halloween nor'easter
2712:1991 disasters in Canada
1222:Tropical cyclones portal
761:Coastal Waters Forecasts
682:National Weather Service
275:National Weather Service
2063:Sarasota Herald-Tribune
1973:Pasch, Richard (1991).
1311:October 2021 nor'easter
1283:1991 Halloween blizzard
980:Minot Beach in Scituate
791:Oceanfront flooding in
766:Beginning in 1950, the
733:tropical cyclone report
678:Ocean Prediction Center
659:Preparations and naming
641:maximum sustained winds
572:significant wave height
535:, which is the oceanic
2032:Portsmouth Daily Times
1610:. Environment Canada.
1080:Sea Bright, New Jersey
1063:
994:
870:
796:
793:Ocean City, New Jersey
668:
512:
476:
371:Hurricane Grace (1991)
365:Meteorological history
58:Meteorological history
1061:
1031:Tiverton, Nova Scotia
1020:Newport, Rhode Island
992:
852:
790:
726:Yarmouth, Nova Scotia
666:
510:
489:Appalachian Mountains
469:Extratropical cyclone
378:
257:, which inspired the
243:, the storm absorbed
241:extratropical cyclone
2692:Hurricanes in Canada
2326:. Associated Press.
2295:. Associated Press.
2293:The Pittsburgh Press
2264:. Associated Press.
2196:. Associated Press.
2193:The Sunday Telegraph
1915:. Associated Press.
1879:. Associated Press.
1849:on February 23, 2013
1528:. Associated Press.
1526:The Pittsburgh Press
1411:on September 6, 2021
1236:United States portal
1141:Ocean City, Maryland
1111:. The presence of a
919:I Shouldn't Be Alive
653:Prince Edward Island
517:Halifax, Nova Scotia
390:Saffir–Simpson scale
290:area of low pressure
233:Halloween Gale/Storm
129:Lowest pressure
99:Category 1 hurricane
40:1991 "Perfect Storm"
2636:"The Perfect Storm"
2357:on October 24, 2012
2137:on December 3, 2013
1803:"Executive Summary"
1711:on December 7, 2010
1678:on December 7, 2013
1672:"Unnamed Hurricane"
1451:"The Perfect Storm"
1054:Mid-Atlantic states
1047:Grand Falls-Windsor
753:High Seas Forecasts
710:coastal flood watch
693:killed 564 people.
589: /
554: /
459:Subtropical cyclone
314:Mid-Atlantic states
310:subtropical cyclone
185:Mid-Atlantic states
41:
2677:1991 Perfect Storm
1457:on January 9, 2017
1129:Delmarva Peninsula
1064:
995:
951:American Red Cross
871:
867:Air National Guard
797:
671:For several days,
669:
513:
487:extended from the
477:
225:1991 Perfect Storm
121:Highest winds
106:1-minute sustained
2662:
2661:
2262:Bangor Daily News
2164:on March 18, 2012
1330:Beegel, Susan F.
1004:George H. W. Bush
927:counties in Maine
907:Montauk, New York
896:Long Island Sound
839:The Perfect Storm
833:The Perfect Storm
722:Bar Harbor, Maine
491:northeastward to
351:George H. W. Bush
271:common expression
267:The Perfect Storm
229:The No-Name Storm
221:
220:
16:(Redirected from
2739:
2702:1991 meteorology
2652:
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2413:The News-Journal
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2349:Pasch, Richard.
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2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2136:
2130:. Archived from
2129:
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2114:
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2110:
2090:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2054:
2048:
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2014:
2012:
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1773:
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1754:
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1747:
1745:
1743:
1730:Pasch, Richard.
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1667:
1654:
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1651:
1649:
1636:Pasch, Richard.
1633:
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1603:
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1567:
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1245:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1217:
1189:Kill Devil Hills
1169:Currituck County
1137:Sandbridge Beach
888:
828:Sebastian Junger
741:Sebastian Junger
687:blizzard of 1978
676:October 27, the
626:tropical cyclone
604:
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449:Tropical cyclone
447:
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432:
427:
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397:
306:coastal flooding
283:Sebastian Junger
227:, also known as
206:
145:
100:
93:
91:
86:November 2, 1991
78:
74:
72:
67:October 28, 1991
59:
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2382:Boca Raton News
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1800:
1787:
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1764:. April 5, 2023
1756:
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1305:Hurricane Henri
1294:Hurricane Sandy
1248:
1243:
1241:
1234:
1229:
1227:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1153:
1099:, with 500,000
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903:Sikorsky HH-60G
886:
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661:
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583:
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497:Hurricane Grace
475:
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294:Atlantic Canada
245:Hurricane Grace
211:
156:Overall effects
146:
132:
98:
89:
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76:
75:
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68:
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52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
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2310:
2279:
2241:
2234:
2211:
2175:
2148:
2116:
2080:
2049:
2018:
1992:
1965:
1930:
1913:Record-Journal
1894:
1860:
1826:
1785:
1749:
1722:
1689:
1655:
1625:
1589:
1543:
1499:
1468:
1422:
1348:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1288:Hurricane Juan
1285:
1280:
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1270:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1253:
1239:
1225:
1209:
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1202:State Road A1A
1152:
1149:
1133:Virginia Beach
1055:
1052:
959:
956:
943:Hurricane Hugo
844:George Clooney
795:on October 31.
784:
781:
698:Suffolk County
673:weather models
660:
657:
630:Hurricane Karl
462:
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387:
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342:including the
335:tidal flooding
219:
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193:Eastern Canada
182:
181:Areas affected
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2361:September 14,
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2324:The Telegraph
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2235:0-945582-51-X
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2019:
2011:September 14,
2006:
2002:
1996:
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1980:
1976:
1969:
1966:
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1946:
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1781:public domain
1768:September 26,
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1742:September 14,
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1715:September 13,
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1240:
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1199:
1198:Daytona Beach
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
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1170:
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1165:Cape Hatteras
1162:
1158:
1151:Farther south
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1117:Atlantic City
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:beach erosion
1093:
1089:
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1077:
1073:
1072:Staten Island
1069:
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1053:
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1039:Pictou County
1036:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
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1000:Kennebunkport
991:
987:
985:
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824:
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811:
806:
803:and southern
802:
801:Massachusetts
794:
789:
782:
780:
778:
774:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
749:
746:
745:Meteorologist
742:
738:
737:perfect storm
734:
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593:40.5°N 69.5°W
573:
567:
558:41.1°N 66.6°W
538:
534:
533:Scotian Shelf
530:
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372:
364:
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359:Staten Island
356:
352:
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345:
344:vacation home
340:
336:
332:
331:Hurricane Bob
326:
324:
319:
315:
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1027:Sable Island
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2682:Nor'easters
1341:January 18,
1157:Outer Banks
1121:Fair Harbor
1101:cubic yards
1012:York County
984:Brant Point
884:Andrea Gail
860:Coast Guard
823:Andrea Gail
810:Andrea Gail
748:Robert Case
637:eye feature
610:Gulf Stream
598:40.5; -69.5
596: /
563:41.1; -66.6
561: /
355:Long Island
281:and author
279:Robert Case
277:forecaster
254:Andrea Gail
2671:Categories
2141:October 1,
1318:References
1194:Lake Worth
1185:Kitty Hawk
1125:moratorium
1092:Hackensack
976:Marshfield
939:Jim Florio
869:helicopter
805:New Jersey
618:convection
502:nor'easter
481:cold front
439:Storm type
369:See also:
261:and later
237:nor'easter
161:Fatalities
90:1991-11-03
83:Dissipated
71:1991-10-28
2564:Claudette
2099:Star-News
1181:Nags Head
1175:north of
880:Nantucket
876:neap tide
842:starring
645:warm-core
525:millibars
493:Greenland
348:President
249:hurricane
164:13 direct
2654:Category
2477:Timeline
2417:Archived
2386:Archived
2328:Archived
2297:Archived
2266:Archived
2198:Archived
2103:Archived
2067:Archived
2042:July 14,
2036:Archived
2005:Archived
1985:June 16,
1979:Archived
1958:June 16,
1952:Archived
1917:Archived
1881:Archived
1877:The Item
1810:Archived
1736:Archived
1642:Archived
1618:June 17,
1612:Archived
1576:Archived
1530:Archived
1486:Archived
1415:April 5,
1208:See also
1177:Rodanthe
1109:Cape May
1008:Portland
972:Cape Ann
929:, seven
702:Hatteras
612:, where
433:Unknown
346:of then-
2423:July 3,
2392:July 3,
2334:July 3,
2303:July 3,
2272:July 3,
2204:July 3,
2168:July 3,
2109:July 3,
2073:July 3,
1923:July 3,
1887:July 3,
1853:July 1,
1819:July 1,
1582:July 1,
1536:July 3,
1492:July 1,
1088:Passaic
968:Chatham
912:Tamaroa
855:Tamaroa
731:In its
706:Raleigh
584:69°30′W
581:40°30′N
549:66°36′W
546:41°06′N
529:Halifax
383:Map key
302:cyclone
200:IBTrACS
88: (
69: (
2600:Fabian
2232:
1307:(2021)
1296:(2012)
1290:(2003)
1187:, and
1105:Avalon
1090:, and
1084:Hudson
982:, and
964:Boston
949:. The
933:, and
887:'s
863:cutter
783:Impact
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169:Damage
64:Formed
2624:Grace
2588:Erika
2576:Danny
2135:(PDF)
2128:(PDF)
1948:(GIF)
1813:(PDF)
1806:(PDF)
1709:(PDF)
1702:(PDF)
1409:(PDF)
1398:(PDF)
1078:. In
777:Henri
724:, to
614:bands
537:shelf
485:ridge
298:ridge
263:movie
110:SSHWS
2552:Five
2540:Four
2425:2011
2394:2011
2363:2009
2336:2011
2305:2011
2274:2011
2230:ISBN
2206:2011
2170:2011
2143:2013
2111:2011
2075:2011
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2013:2009
1987:2011
1960:2011
1925:2011
1889:2011
1855:2011
1821:2011
1770:2024
1744:2009
1717:2009
1684:2009
1650:2009
1620:2011
1584:2011
1538:2011
1494:2011
1463:2009
1417:2019
1343:2023
1161:Duck
1131:and
1113:dune
898:. A
858:, a
704:and
339:buoy
259:book
223:The
143:inHg
135:mbar
133:980
2612:Ten
2528:Bob
2516:Two
2504:Ana
616:of
521:UTC
285:.
174:USD
139:hPa
114:NWS
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