183:, the nation's capital. Government soldiers fired on the peaceful demonstrators, killing 28 and setting off days of rioting. Sources vary as to the toll: the opposition claimed 148 killed and hundreds wounded, while Traoré said there were 27 deaths. Traoré declared a state of emergency and met with opposition leaders. He offered concessions, but refused to step down as they demanded. A general strike was called for 25 March. This time, the soldiers had had enough and did nothing to stop it.
3272:
29:
471:
240:
101:
548:
195:
launched a coup that deposed Traoré. As news spread, hospital sources reported at least another 59 dead and 200 wounded, including revenge killings. Education
Minister Bakary Traore and Mamadou Diarra, the former leader's brother-in-law, were burned to death.
168:(ADEMA), an umbrella organization for opposition groups. Unrest grew as the people blamed the regime's corruption and mismanagement for the economic troubles they faced. Further, Traoré had to institute austerity programs to satisfy the
199:
The
National Reconciliation Council (soon renamed the Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People), chaired by Touré, was set up to run the country temporarily, until civilian government was reestablished in 1992 after
1919:
923:
3312:
3224:
2867:
2421:
2035:
3179:
2842:
2681:
2365:
2000:
1856:
1670:
2822:
1979:
1495:
3167:
2358:
1891:
1793:
1144:
3162:
2483:
2344:
2802:
2518:
2513:
1965:
1516:
565:
1060:
2561:
2666:
1428:
916:
1642:
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1095:
536:
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2782:
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2611:
2574:
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948:
201:
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1905:
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2330:
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1993:
1467:
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2007:
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165:
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2556:
2541:
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2070:
1933:
1835:
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1579:
1572:
1316:
1253:
1204:
1197:
3129:
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2907:
2827:
2777:
2716:
2676:
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2309:
2288:
2207:
2137:
1986:
1744:
1565:
1481:
1172:
1165:
1137:
503:
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263:
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153:
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1365:
983:
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1958:
1800:
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1232:
1032:
955:
529:
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169:
3033:
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2546:
3302:
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3124:
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1842:
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2812:
2797:
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2731:
2686:
2372:
2214:
2200:
2172:
2165:
2056:
2014:
1972:
1951:
1898:
1870:
1730:
1691:
1600:
1488:
1379:
3043:
3023:
2711:
2626:
2551:
2186:
1807:
1523:
1386:
1302:
1179:
321:
Terror and
Insurgency in the Sahara-Sahel Region: Corruption, Contraband, Jihad and the Mali War of 2012-2013
3139:
3114:
3008:
2696:
2584:
2316:
2295:
2193:
1663:
1351:
192:
164:, and making himself the second. On 25 October 1990, opposition to his decades-long rule coalesced into the
128:
79:
2912:
2636:
1372:
976:
969:
522:
3297:
3078:
438:
375:
221:
2917:
2872:
2084:
1109:
990:
2461:
345:
850:
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820:
815:
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625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
299:
220:
Former
President Moussa Traoré was imprisoned in 1992 and sentenced to death. However, President
105:
3260:
3251:
2492:
932:
461:
380:
325:
225:
901:
319:
1849:
962:
304:
141:
123:
110:
73:
1435:
176:
161:
228:, then pardoned him and his wife in May 2002 as Konaré's term in office came to an end.
28:
2832:
1267:
179:. On 22 March, tens of thousands of students and others marched through the streets of
3291:
144:
after over two decades of dictatorship and eventually led to multi-party elections.
1039:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
845:
835:
245:
398:
235:
3264:
3243:
2496:
2441:
420:
180:
52:
553:
470:
465:
157:
100:
56:
2465:
905:
518:
434:
402:
175:
ADEMA and other pro-democracy groups demanded the end of the
417:"Release of Moussa Traore makes front-page news in Mali"
3102:
2946:
2760:
2529:
2280:
2101:
1943:
1708:
1445:
1189:
940:
172:, causing increased hardship for all but the rich.
21:
2477:
917:
530:
446:
399:"Former Malian president escapes death again"
8:
350:International Center on Nonviolent Conflict
2484:
2470:
2462:
924:
910:
902:
537:
523:
515:
453:
439:
431:
27:
18:
376:"Leader of Mali Coup Promises Democracy"
3225:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
2868:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
2422:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
2036:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
1040:Democratic Republic of the Congo (1965)
295:"Mali's Dictator Is Overthrown in Coup"
275:
140:resulted in the overthrow of President
393:
391:
370:
368:
366:
289:
287:
285:
283:
281:
279:
7:
3313:1990s coups d'état and coup attempts
318:Harmon, Stephen A. (9 March 2016).
1047:Central African Republic (1965–66)
152:In 1968, Traoré had himself led a
14:
156:, ousting the first president of
3271:
3270:
2499:, and attempted coups since 1991
546:
469:
346:"Mali's March Revolution (1991)"
238:
99:
3115:Central African Republic (2021)
3009:Central African Republic (2013)
2823:Central African Republic (2003)
2803:Central African Republic (2001)
2509:List of coups and coup attempts
2296:Central African Republic (2021)
2194:Central African Republic (2013)
1980:Central African Republic (2003)
1966:Central African Republic (2001)
1517:Central African Republic (1982)
1496:Central African Republic (1981)
1436:Central African Republic (1979)
224:first commuted his sentence to
166:Alliance for Democracy in Mali
1:
2359:Burkina Faso (September 2022)
3180:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)
2843:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
2682:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)
2366:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)
2001:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
1920:Republic of the Congo (1998)
1857:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)
1794:Sierra Leone (December 1992)
1671:São Tomé and Príncipe (1988)
1643:Republic of the Congo (1987)
1247:Republic of the Congo (1972)
1145:Republic of the Congo (1968)
1096:Republic of the Congo (1966)
949:Republic of the Congo (1960)
3318:March 1991 events in Africa
2345:Burkina Faso (January 2022)
1538:Upper Volta (February 1983)
170:International Monetary Fund
82:took control of the country
3334:
1892:Sierra Leone (August 1996)
3238:
2504:
2431:
1545:Upper Volta (August 1983)
561:
479:
324:. Routledge. p. 72.
202:constitutional referendum
117:
92:
35:
26:
2863:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
2029:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
1429:Equatorial Guinea (1979)
1061:Burundi (November 1966)
264:2020 Malian coup d'état
259:2012 Malian coup d'état
254:1968 Malian coup d'état
138:1991 Malian coup d'état
22:1991 Malian coup d'état
3308:Military coups in Mali
3277:Plots and conspiracies
2783:Solomon Islands (2000)
2331:Sudan (September 2021)
1166:Libya (September 1969)
1082:Nigeria (January 1966)
118:Commanders and leaders
68:Coup d'état successful
2647:Bophuthatswana (1994)
1822:Bophuthatswana (1994)
1180:Libya (December 1969)
970:French Algeria (1961)
3220:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
3175:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
3159:Burkina Faso (2022)
2994:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
2969:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
2838:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
2813:Côte d'Ivoire (2002)
2788:Côte d'Ivoire (2001)
2752:Côte d'Ivoire (1999)
2737:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
2415:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
2352:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
2338:Sudan (October 2021)
2187:Libya (October 2013)
2145:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
2131:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
1994:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
1973:Côte d'Ivoire (2002)
1952:Côte d'Ivoire (2001)
1934:Côte d'Ivoire (1999)
1913:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
1468:Guinea-Bissau (1980)
935:in Africa since 1960
405:. 22 September 1999.
193:Amadou Toumani Touré
154:military coup d'état
129:Amadou Toumani Touré
80:Amadou Toumani Touré
3215:Sierra Leone (2023)
3210:Burkina Faso (2023)
3064:Burkina Faso (2016)
3054:Burkina Faso (2015)
2818:Burkina Faso (2003)
2597:Sierra Leone (1992)
2562:Georgia (1991–1992)
2552:Soviet Union (1991)
2408:Sierra Leone (2023)
2401:Burkina Faso (2023)
2236:Burkina Faso (2016)
2229:Burkina Faso (2015)
2008:Burkina Faso (2003)
1906:Sierra Leone (1997)
1864:Sierra Leone (1996)
1780:Sierra Leone (1992)
1678:Burkina Faso (1989)
1629:Burkina Faso (1987)
1131:Sierra Leone (1968)
1089:Nigeria (July 1966)
1054:Burundi (July 1966)
191:Lieutenant Colonel
2913:Philippines (2007)
2833:Philippines (2003)
1531:Upper Volta (1982)
1475:Upper Volta (1980)
1373:Uganda (June 1977)
1261:Upper Volta (1974)
1075:Upper Volta (1966)
300:The New York Times
222:Alpha Oumar Konaré
106:Government of Mali
3303:Conflicts in 1991
3285:
3284:
2974:Bangladesh (2011)
2959:Madagascar (2010)
2933:Madagascar (2009)
2923:Mauritania (2008)
2903:Madagascar (2006)
2888:Mauritania (2005)
2828:Mauritania (2003)
2717:Bangladesh (1996)
2672:Azerbaijan (1995)
2617:Azerbaijan (1993)
2566:Venezuela (1992)
2459:
2458:
2436:: successful coup
2215:The Gambia (2014)
2152:Mali (April 2012)
2138:Mali (March 2012)
2110:Madagascar (2010)
2092:Madagascar (2009)
2078:Mauritania (2008)
2064:Madagascar (2006)
2050:Mauritania (2005)
1987:Mauritania (2003)
1559:Mauritania (1984)
1510:Seychelles (1981)
1482:Mauritania (1981)
1454:Mauritania (1980)
1415:Mauritania (1979)
1408:Mauritania (1978)
1359:Seychelles (1977)
899:
898:
512:
511:
381:Los Angeles Times
226:life imprisonment
134:
133:
88:
87:
3325:
3274:
3273:
2808:Venezuela (2002)
2637:Lithuania (1993)
2612:Guatemala (1993)
2486:
2479:
2472:
2463:
2452:
2444:
2437:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2305:
2298:
2291:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2094:
2087:
2080:
2073:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2045:
2038:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1936:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1789:
1782:
1775:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1701:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1575:
1568:
1561:
1554:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1382:
1375:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1333:
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
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1256:
1249:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1119:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1049:
1042:
1035:
1028:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1000:
993:
986:
979:
972:
965:
958:
951:
926:
919:
912:
903:
551:
550:
549:
539:
532:
525:
516:
474:
473:
455:
448:
441:
432:
425:
424:
413:
407:
406:
395:
386:
385:
384:. 27 March 1991.
372:
361:
360:
358:
356:
342:
336:
335:
315:
309:
308:
307:. 27 March 1991.
305:Associated Press
291:
248:
243:
242:
241:
104:
103:
37:
36:
31:
19:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3322:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3268:
3234:
3098:
3094:Ethiopia (2019)
3074:Zimbabwe (2017)
3044:Yemen (2014–15)
3034:Thailand (2014)
2942:
2938:Honduras (2009)
2898:Thailand (2006)
2773:Paraguay (2000)
2756:
2747:Pakistan (1999)
2722:Cambodia (1997)
2692:Paraguay (1996)
2667:Cambodia (1994)
2547:Thailand (1991)
2525:
2500:
2490:
2460:
2455:
2447:
2440:
2435:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2378:
2371:
2364:
2357:
2350:
2343:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2276:
2271:Ethiopia (2019)
2269:
2262:
2255:
2250:Zimbabwe (2017)
2248:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2206:
2199:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2115:
2108:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1999:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1883:
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1869:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1792:
1785:
1778:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1750:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1704:
1697:
1690:
1685:Ethiopia (1989)
1683:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1657:Transkei (1987)
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1599:
1592:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1566:Cameroon (1984)
1564:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1343:
1336:
1329:
1322:
1315:
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1282:Ethiopia (1974)
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1196:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1101:
1094:
1087:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1010:
1003:
996:
989:
982:
975:
968:
961:
956:Ethiopia (1960)
954:
947:
936:
930:
900:
895:
557:
547:
545:
543:
513:
508:
475:
468:
459:
429:
428:
415:
414:
410:
397:
396:
389:
374:
373:
364:
354:
352:
344:
343:
339:
332:
317:
316:
312:
293:
292:
277:
272:
244:
239:
237:
234:
218:
189:
177:one-party state
150:
98:
69:
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3331:
3329:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3290:
3289:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3279:
3256:
3248:
3246:or its attempt
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3230:Bolivia (2024)
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3157:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3142:
3140:Tunisia (2021)
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3120:Myanmar (2021)
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3049:Burundi (2015)
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3004:Eritrea (2013)
3001:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2793:Burundi (2001)
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2768:Ecuador (2000)
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2755:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2702:Burundi (1996)
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2662:Liberia (1994)
2659:
2657:Lesotho (1994)
2654:
2649:
2644:
2642:Nigeria (1993)
2639:
2634:
2632:Burundi (1993)
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2602:Algeria (1992)
2599:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2579:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2542:Lesotho (1991)
2539:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2481:
2474:
2466:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2453:
2450:attempted coup
2445:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2369:
2362:
2355:
2348:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2317:Tunisia (2021)
2313:
2306:
2299:
2292:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2222:Burundi (2015)
2218:
2211:
2208:Lesotho (2014)
2204:
2197:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2166:Eritrea (2013)
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2113:
2105:
2103:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1983:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1959:Burundi (2001)
1955:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1878:Burundi (1996)
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1850:Comoros (1995)
1846:
1843:Liberia (1994)
1839:
1836:Lesotho (1994)
1832:
1825:
1818:
1815:Nigeria (1993)
1811:
1804:
1801:Burundi (1993)
1797:
1790:
1787:Algeria (1992)
1783:
1776:
1769:
1766:Lesotho (1991)
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1724:Nigeria (1990)
1720:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1688:
1681:
1674:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1650:Tunisia (1987)
1646:
1639:
1636:Burundi (1987)
1632:
1625:
1618:
1615:Lesotho (1986)
1611:
1608:Liberia (1985)
1604:
1597:
1590:
1587:Nigeria (1985)
1583:
1576:
1569:
1562:
1555:
1552:Nigeria (1983)
1548:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1499:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1461:Liberia (1980)
1457:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1425:
1418:
1411:
1404:
1397:
1394:Comoros (1978)
1390:
1387:Somalia (1978)
1383:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1348:
1341:
1338:Nigeria (1976)
1334:
1331:Burundi (1976)
1327:
1324:Comoros (1976)
1320:
1313:
1310:Nigeria (1975)
1306:
1299:
1292:
1289:Comoros (1975)
1285:
1278:
1271:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1240:Morocco (1972)
1236:
1229:
1226:Dahomey (1972)
1222:
1215:
1212:Morocco (1971)
1208:
1201:
1198:Lesotho (1970)
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1176:
1173:Somalia (1969)
1169:
1162:
1155:
1152:Dahomey (1969)
1148:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1124:Algeria (1967)
1120:
1113:
1106:
1103:Dahomey (1967)
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1033:Burundi (1965)
1029:
1026:Dahomey (1965)
1022:
1019:Algeria (1965)
1015:
1008:
1001:
998:Dahomey (1963)
994:
991:Algeria (1962)
987:
984:Senegal (1962)
980:
977:Somalia (1961)
973:
966:
959:
952:
944:
942:
938:
937:
931:
929:
928:
921:
914:
906:
897:
896:
894:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
562:
559:
558:
556:(1960–present)
544:
542:
541:
534:
527:
519:
510:
509:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
480:
477:
476:
460:
458:
457:
450:
443:
435:
427:
426:
423:. 30 May 2002.
408:
387:
362:
337:
330:
310:
274:
273:
271:
268:
267:
266:
261:
256:
250:
249:
233:
230:
217:
214:
188:
185:
149:
146:
132:
131:
126:
120:
119:
115:
114:
108:
95:
94:
90:
89:
86:
85:
84:
83:
77:
65:
61:
60:
51:
49:
45:
44:
43:March 26, 1991
41:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3330:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3278:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3190:Gambia (2022)
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:Sudan (2021)
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3135:Guinea (2021)
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Turkey (2016)
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3039:Gambia (2014)
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2928:Guinea (2008)
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2732:Zambia (1997)
2730:
2728:
2727:Turkey (1997)
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Guinea (1996)
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2652:Gambia (1994)
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2622:Russia (1993)
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2487:
2482:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2451:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2391:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2377:
2374:
2373:Gambia (2022)
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2342:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2325:
2324:Guinea (2021)
2321:
2318:
2314:
2311:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2093:
2089:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2071:Guinea (2008)
2068:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1970:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1956:
1953:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1942:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1900:
1899:Zambia (1997)
1896:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:Guinea (1996)
1868:
1865:
1861:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1829:Gambia (1994)
1826:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1746:
1745:Ciskei (1990)
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1731:Zambia (1990)
1728:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1601:Guinea (1985)
1598:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1584:
1581:
1580:Uganda (1985)
1577:
1574:
1573:Guinea (1984)
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1525:
1521:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1489:Gambia (1981)
1486:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1472:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1380:Angola (1977)
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1286:
1283:
1279:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1268:Uganda (1974)
1265:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:Rwanda (1973)
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1205:Uganda (1971)
1202:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1128:
1125:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
988:
985:
981:
978:
974:
971:
967:
964:
963:Rwanda (1961)
960:
957:
953:
950:
946:
945:
943:
939:
934:
927:
922:
920:
915:
913:
908:
907:
904:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
563:
560:
555:
540:
535:
533:
528:
526:
521:
520:
517:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
481:
478:
472:
467:
463:
456:
451:
449:
444:
442:
437:
436:
433:
422:
418:
412:
409:
404:
400:
394:
392:
388:
383:
382:
377:
371:
369:
367:
363:
351:
347:
341:
338:
333:
331:9781317046066
327:
323:
322:
314:
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296:
290:
288:
286:
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269:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
247:
236:
231:
229:
227:
223:
215:
213:
211:
210:parliamentary
207:
203:
197:
194:
186:
184:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
147:
145:
143:
142:Moussa Traoré
139:
136:The 26 March
130:
127:
125:
124:Moussa Traoré
122:
121:
116:
112:
109:
107:
102:
97:
96:
91:
81:
78:
75:
74:Moussa Traoré
72:
71:
70:
66:
63:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
46:
42:
39:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
3298:1991 in Mali
3258:
3250:
3242:
3205:Gabon (2023)
3200:Niger (2023)
3195:Sudan (2023)
3125:Niger (2021)
3089:Sudan (2019)
3084:Gabon (2019)
3079:Yemen (2018)
3069:Libya (2016)
3029:Libya (2014)
3024:Libya (2013)
3019:Egypt (2013)
2999:Sudan (2012)
2978:Mali (2012)
2964:Niger (2011)
2954:Niger (2010)
2918:Sudan (2008)
2878:Nepal (2005)
2858:Haiti (2004)
2853:Sudan (2004)
2798:Haiti (2001)
2742:Niger (1999)
2712:Qatar (1996)
2707:Niger (1996)
2677:Qatar (1995)
2627:Libya (1993)
2607:Sudan (1992)
2581:Peru (1992)
2557:Haiti (1991)
2536:
2449:
2448:no sign for
2394:Gabon (2023)
2387:Niger (2023)
2380:Sudan (2023)
2303:Niger (2021)
2264:Sudan (2019)
2257:Gabon (2019)
2243:Libya (2016)
2201:Libya (2014)
2180:Egypt (2013)
2159:Sudan (2012)
2124:Niger (2011)
2117:Niger (2010)
2085:Sudan (2008)
2022:Sudan (2004)
1927:Niger (1999)
1885:Niger (1996)
1808:Libya (1993)
1773:Sudan (1992)
1758:
1752:Venda (1990)
1717:Sudan (1990)
1699:Sudan (1989)
1664:Benin (1988)
1594:Sudan (1985)
1524:Kenya (1982)
1503:Ghana (1981)
1422:Ghana (1979)
1401:Ghana (1978)
1366:Sudan (1977)
1352:Benin (1977)
1345:Sudan (1976)
1303:Libya (1975)
1296:Sudan (1975)
1275:Niger (1974)
1233:Ghana (1972)
1219:Sudan (1971)
1159:Sudan (1969)
1110:Ghana (1967)
1068:Ghana (1966)
1012:Gabon (1964)
933:Coups d'état
488:
411:
379:
353:. Retrieved
349:
340:
320:
313:
298:
219:
206:presidential
198:
190:
174:
162:Modibo Keïta
151:
137:
135:
93:Belligerents
67:
3259:Successful
3185:Peru (2022)
3130:Mali (2021)
3110:Mali (2020)
3014:Chad (2013)
2908:Fiji (2006)
2893:Chad (2006)
2883:Togo (2005)
2873:Peru (2005)
2848:Chad (2004)
2778:Fiji (2000)
2697:Iraq (1996)
2537:Mali (1991)
2310:Mali (2021)
2289:Mali (2020)
2173:Chad (2013)
2057:Chad (2006)
2043:Togo (2005)
2015:Chad (2004)
1759:Mali (1991)
1738:Chad (1990)
1692:Chad (1989)
1622:Togo (1986)
1317:Chad (1975)
1138:Mali (1968)
1117:Togo (1967)
1005:Togo (1963)
246:Mali portal
212:elections.
16:Coup d'état
3292:Categories
3269:See also:
2519:since 2010
2514:by country
2497:self-coups
355:31 October
270:References
148:Background
3265:self-coup
3244:Self-coup
3168:September
3148:September
2442:self-coup
552:Years in
421:PanaPress
216:Aftermath
2590:November
2575:November
2570:February
566:Pre-1960
232:See also
48:Location
3254:attempt
3163:January
3153:October
113:faction
3275:
328:
181:Bamako
76:ousted
64:Result
53:Bamako
3103:2020s
2987:April
2982:March
2947:2010s
2761:2000s
2585:April
2530:1990s
2493:Coups
2281:2020s
2102:2010s
1944:2000s
1709:1990s
1446:1980s
1190:1970s
941:1960s
462:Coups
3261:coup
3252:Coup
891:2024
886:2023
881:2022
876:2021
871:2020
866:2019
861:2018
856:2017
851:2016
846:2015
841:2014
836:2013
831:2012
826:2011
821:2010
816:2009
811:2008
806:2007
801:2006
796:2005
791:2004
786:2003
781:2002
776:2001
771:2000
766:1999
761:1998
756:1997
751:1996
746:1995
741:1994
736:1993
731:1992
726:1991
721:1990
716:1989
711:1988
706:1987
701:1986
696:1985
691:1984
686:1983
681:1982
676:1981
671:1980
666:1979
661:1978
656:1977
651:1976
646:1975
641:1974
636:1973
631:1972
626:1971
621:1970
616:1969
611:1968
606:1967
601:1966
596:1965
591:1964
586:1963
581:1962
576:1961
571:1960
554:Mali
504:2021
499:2020
494:2012
489:1991
484:1968
466:Mali
357:2022
326:ISBN
208:and
187:Coup
158:Mali
111:Army
57:Mali
40:Date
3263:or
464:in
403:BBC
3294::
2495:,
419:.
401:.
390:^
378:.
365:^
348:.
303:.
297:.
278:^
204:,
160:,
55:,
2485:e
2478:t
2471:v
925:e
918:t
911:v
538:e
531:t
524:v
454:e
447:t
440:v
359:.
334:.
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