Knowledge (XXG)

1992 Italian presidential election

Source πŸ“

177: 96: 2807: 30: 322:, with the capacity of the building expanded for the purpose. The first three ballots required a two-thirds majority of the 1,014 voters in order to elect a president, or 676 votes. Starting from the fourth ballot, an absolute majority was required for candidates to be elected, or 508 votes. The presidential mandate lasts seven years. 497:. The Northern League's first electoral breakthrough was at the 1990 regional elections, but it was with the 1992 general election that the party emerged as a leading political actor. Having gained 8.7% of the vote, 56 deputies and 26 senators, it became the fourth largest party of the country and within Parliament. 573:
suffered a significant swing against it, but the coalition it had led prior to the elections managed to retain a small majority. Opposition parties won a significant amount of support. The resulting parliament was therefore weak and difficult to bring to an agreement. The so called "CAF" alliance
474:. These continue to exist as "national sections" of the federal party, which presents itself in regional and local contests as "Northern League–Lombard League", "Northern League–Venetian League", "Northern League Piedmont", and so on. The League exploited resentment against the 492:
corruption scandals, which invested most of the established parties, were unveiled from 1992 on. However, contrarily to what many pundits observed at the beginning of the 1990s, LN became a stable political force and it is by far the oldest party among those represented in the
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was over, and he transformed the Communist Party into a progressive left-wing party, the Democratic Party of the Left. A third of the Communist Party's former members, led by Cossutta, refused to join the PDS, and instead founded the Communist Refoundation Party.
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organization with the official aim of countering a possible Soviet invasion through sabotage and guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. Cossiga acknowledged his involvement in the establishment of the organization. Subsequently in 1991 the
556:, or "villain", a "wild splinter" of the otherwise clean PSI. Upset over this treatment by his former colleagues, Chiesa began to give information about corruption implicating his colleagues. This marked the beginning of the 482:, "Rome (is a) robber"), common in the North as many there felt that the government wasted resources collected mostly from northerners' taxes. Cultural influences from bordering countries in the North and resentment against 520:. Occhetto, leader of the communists since 1988, stunned the party faithfully assembled in a working-class section of Bologna with a speech heralding the end of communism, a move now referred to in Italian politics as the 615:. The huge wave of public indignation and anger for this crime forced the Parliament to quickly elect a new President and solve the political deadlock. On 25 May 1992, the President of the Chamber of Deputies 462:, which was first launched as an upgrade of the Northern Alliance in December 1989, was officially transformed into a party through the merger of various regional parties, notably including 2795: 599:
whose candidacy was soon made to sink, and the voting process ended up in a real political deadlock. While the count was still ongoing, on 23 May 1992 the popular anti-Mafia magistrate
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were also exploited. The party's electoral successes began roughly at a time when public disillusionment with the established political parties was at its height. The
2788: 619:, seen as a man above the parts and as a true defender of the republican institutions, was finally elected President and officially sworn in on 28 May 1992. 326: 2571: 2927: 524:(Bolognina turning point). The collapse of the communist governments in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe had convinced Occhetto that the era of 2781: 2644: 422:
resigned two months before the end of his term. The reason of his resignation was related to a growing tension between Cossiga and Prime Minister
360: 2773: 2615: 2583: 2762: 455:). Although he threatened to prevent the impeachment procedure by dissolving Parliament, the impeachment request was ultimately dismissed. 314:, the election was held in the form of a secret ballot, with the Senators and the Deputies entitled to vote. The election was held in the 332:, who proceeded to the public counting of the votes (with the exception of the last ballot when the count was made by the vice president 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2830: 2825: 54: 44: 2937: 458:
At the beginning of the 1990s, Italian politics was undergoing a period of instability and growing tensions. In February 1991, the
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convened to elect the new President on 13 May 1992. As the count progressed no candidate was able to emerge, not even
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and regional delegates were entitled to vote, most of these electors having been elected in the
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Bloomberg: Francesco Cossiga, Italy's Combative Former President, Dies at Age 82
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to become the next Prime Ministerβ€”had been heavily crushed by the popular vote.
569:, held on 5 April that year, marked a huge earthquake for the Italian politics. 558: 440: 431: 426:. This tension emerged in October 1990 when Andreotti revealed the existence of 409: 366: 102: 2588: 459: 390: 137: 2755:
Politics and Symbols: The Italian Communist Party and the Fall of Communism
2584:"Italy: Former president Francesco Cossiga dies at 82 - Adnkronos Politics" 603:, his wife and three police escort agents were killed by a bomb put on the 562:
investigation; news of political corruption began spreading in the press.
369:, former President of the Chamber of Deputies, was the candidate of the 448: 612: 427: 82:
676 (1st–3rd ballots) or 508 (4th ballot onwards) votes needed to win
2806: 287: 260: 544:, arrested for accepting a bribe from a Milan cleaning firm. The 2777: 359:, Vice President of the Senate, was the official candidate of 2725:
La secessione leggera. Dove nasce la rabbia del profondo Nord
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against him (Presidents of Italy can be impeached only for
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on 13–25 May 1992, following the resignation of President
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to become the next President of the Italian Republic and
574:(the Craxi-Andreotti-Forlani axis), a pact to revive the 478:, Rome-based Italian government (with the famous slogan 2546: 580:
coalitionβ€”the scheme was conceived in 1991 to allow
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Romanzo padano. Da Bossi a Bossi. Storia della Lega
65: 2742:. Milan: Sperling & Kupfer. pp. 263–266. 347:was serving as acting president of the Republic. 16:Election of the President of the Italian Republic 214: 2789: 2616:"Occhetto, lo strappo mai ricucito su Gladio" 8: 2694:. Turin: Einaudi. pp. 336–337, 534–535. 21: 2796: 2782: 2774: 2685: 2683: 626: 20: 2703: 2701: 2738:Parenzo, David; Romano, Davide (2009). 2564: 2543: 2490: 2437: 2384: 2331: 2278: 2645:"Il PDS vota l'impeachment di Cossiga" 2544: 325:The election was presided over by the 2727:. Milan: Feltrinelli. pp. 10–13. 7: 2712:. Milan: BUR. pp. 379–380, 384. 2643:Marroni, Stefano (4 December 1991). 327:president of the Chamber of Deputies 548:distanced themselves from Chiesa. 257:1992 Italian presidential election 22:1992 Italian presidential election 14: 2676:. Bologna: Il Mulino. p. 88. 2805: 207:Invalids, blanks, abstentions 61 175: 101: 94: 79:and 58 regional representatives) 28: 2928:Presidential elections in Italy 1502: 2812:Italian presidential elections 439:asked to start a procedure of 181:Result on the sixteenth ballot 1: 343:, since the Senate president 2624:(in Italian). 18 August 2010 514:Communist Refoundation Party 506:Democratic Party of the Left 447:against the State or for an 437:Democratic Party of the Left 371:Democratic Party of the Left 338:vice president of the Senate 2710:I partiti politici italiani 2692:L'Italia del tempo presente 532:On 17 February 1992, judge 418:On 28 April 1992 President 363:in the first three ballots; 2954: 2753:Kertzer, David I. (1998). 2674:Partiti politici in Italia 2491: 2438: 2385: 2332: 2279: 2224: 2169: 2114: 2059: 2004: 1949: 1894: 1839: 1784: 1729: 1674: 1619: 1564: 1509: 1452: 1397: 1342: 1287: 1232: 1177: 1122: 1067: 1012: 957: 902: 847: 792: 737: 682: 470:, under the leadership of 407: 2840:President of the Republic 2819:Provisional Head of State 2757:. Yale University Press. 389:was the candidate of the 379:was the candidate of the 219:President before election 212: 173: 86: 38: 26: 2938:May 1992 events in Italy 298:, in the framework of a 2933:1992 elections in Italy 2708:Galli, Giorgio (2001). 2690:Ginsborg, Paul (1996). 2672:Ignazi, Pietro (2008). 546:Italian Socialist Party 542:Italian Socialist Party 502:Italian Communist Party 381:Italian Socialist Party 310:In accordance with the 280:1990 regional elections 522:svolta della Bolognina 2723:Rumiz, Paolo (2001). 591:In this context, the 567:1992 general election 276:1992 general election 1786:Francesco De Martino 1454:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 617:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 552:called Mario Chiesa 404:Political background 397:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 330:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 316:Palazzo Montecitorio 312:Italian Constitution 300:parliamentary system 296:Italian Constitution 239:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 144:Electoral vote 115:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 2596:on 15 December 2018 2547:Parliament of Italy 1069:Salvatore Valitutti 684:Giorgio De Giuseppe 571:Christian Democracy 361:Christian Democracy 357:Giorgio De Giuseppe 320:Chamber of Deputies 23: 1289:Giovanni Spadolini 593:Italian Parliament 540:, a member of the 495:Italian Parliament 484:illegal immigrants 345:Giovanni Spadolini 267:on 28 April 1992. 2915: 2914: 2764:978-0-300-07724-7 2552: 2551: 2171:Francesco Cossiga 1676:Vincenzo Muccioli 1234:Mino Martinazzoli 1179:Alfredo Pazzaglia 1124:Gianfranco Miglio 794:Giuliano Vassalli 534:Antonio Di Pietro 451:to overthrow the 420:Francesco Cossiga 387:Gianfranco Miglio 377:Giuliano Vassalli 265:Francesco Cossiga 253: 252: 249: 248: 234:Elected President 224:Francesco Cossiga 169: 168: 121:Gianfranco Miglio 61: 60: 2945: 2810: 2809: 2798: 2791: 2784: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2735: 2729: 2728: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2705: 2696: 2695: 2687: 2678: 2677: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2629: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2592:. Archived from 2580: 2574: 2569: 2280:Other candidates 2226:Giulio Andreotti 2116:Amintore Fanfani 2006:Paolo Borsellino 959:Antonio Cariglia 627: 601:Giovanni Falcone 597:Giulio Andreotti 582:Giulio Andreotti 518:Armando Cossutta 510:Achille Occhetto 424:Giulio Andreotti 294:comply with the 292:Italian politics 288:Italian Republic 270:Only members of 215: 206: 201: 194: 187: 179: 105: 98: 88: 87: 80: 40: 39: 33: 32: 31: 24: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2943: 2942: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2835: 2814: 2804: 2802: 2772: 2765: 2752: 2751: 2747: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2707: 2706: 2699: 2689: 2688: 2681: 2671: 2670: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2627: 2625: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2599: 2597: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2557: 1731:Augusto Barbera 1399:Arnaldo Forlani 904:Norberto Bobbio 625: 504:split into the 468:Venetian League 460:Northern League 416: 406: 391:Northern League 353: 308: 241: 236: 226: 221: 213: 208: 204: 199: 192: 185: 182: 174: 81: 78: 69: 68: 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Retrieved 2653:(in Italian) 2648: 2638: 2626:. Retrieved 2619: 2610: 2598:. Retrieved 2594:the original 2587: 2578: 2567: 2333:Blank papers 1621:Ettore Gallo 1503: 1014:Tina Anselmi 590: 577:Pentapartito 575: 564: 557: 553: 538:Mario Chiesa 531: 521: 516:, headed by 500:In 1991 the 499: 489:Tangentopoli 487: 480:Roma ladrona 479: 467: 463: 457: 453:Constitution 445:high treason 417: 324: 309: 269: 259:was held in 256: 254: 237: 233: 222: 218: 184: 160: 147: 113: 67:1,014 voters 49: 18: 2061:Leo Valiani 1896:Aldo Aniasi 1511:Guido Carli 739:Nilde Iotti 605:Highway A29 559:Mani pulite 476:centralised 441:impeachment 432:stay-behind 410:Mani pulite 367:Nilde Iotti 278:and in the 202:Others 206 157:Percentage 2922:Categories 2657:26 January 2628:26 January 2560:References 1566:Roland Riz 630:Candidate 512:, and the 408:See also: 351:Candidates 272:Parliament 2589:Adnkronos 508:, led by 306:Procedure 138:Lega Nord 2600:3 August 2545:Source: 554:mariuolo 189:Scalfaro 110:Nominee 76:Deputies 72:Senators 2492:Present 623:Results 607:by the 449:attempt 286:of the 91:  2761:  2540:1,002 2487:1,002 2439:Voting 613:Capaci 428:Gladio 205:  200:  196:Miglio 193:  186:  129:Party 74:, 630 2555:Notes 678:16th 675:15th 672:14th 669:13rd 666:12nd 663:11st 660:10th 611:near 282:. 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Index

1985
1999
Senators
Deputies


Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
Gianfranco Miglio
DC
Lega Nord

Scalfaro
Miglio
Francesco Cossiga
DC
Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
DC
Italy
Francesco Cossiga
Parliament
1992 general election
1990 regional elections
head of state
Italian Republic
Italian politics
Italian Constitution
parliamentary system
Italian Constitution
Palazzo Montecitorio
Chamber of Deputies

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