578:
664:
area. According to reports by meteorologists, the tornado was so strong and the effects caused on the area it hit were so extreme that household appliances were displaced, small objects were embedded in trees and house walls, and "a
416:
in the region. Two separate cells both produced a tornado that were recorded as two of the most powerful in
Australian history. The third supercell, which formed just after 3:00pm (immediately after the two tornadoes) near
680:. This corresponds to the tornado being able to produce winds between 331 and 417 kilometres per hour and of 'devastating' intensity. This is the first tornado ever to be recorded as an F4 in Australian history.
540:
area 10 km west of
Maryborough. However, due to the low population density in the area the reported damage was sparse, with one house destroyed, several others unroofed and hundreds of trees were snapped.
277:, the capital of Queensland, and the data suggested that there was a possibility of large hail. The Bureau immediately issued a Severe Thunderstorm Warning for the coastal region between Brisbane and the
259:
that formed early in the morning – despite it being more common for thunderstorms to form in the late afternoon in the south-east
Queensland region. These storms, which had periodic bursts of severe
689:
338:, on the Sunshine Coast, damaging the roofs of around 80 houses in the area. The hail also damaged aircraft at a local airport and dented cars, as well as inflicting injuries to a handful of
748:
548:. This was one of the most powerful tornadoes ever recorded in Australia, and the scale indicated the tornado may have produced winds of between 252 and 300 kilometres per hour.
1047:
649:, around 400 km north of Brisbane and 150 km north of the Oakhurst tornado. It strengthened and moved in a north-east direction, causing severe damage to
334:, which often bring erratic developments and often last for long periods of time. The storm dropped hailstones which were between eight and ten centimeters around
669:
truck body was carried 300 metres across the ground". However, as with
Oakhurst, the rural nature of the area affected limited the damage caused by the tornado.
1148:
1067:
1113:
1071:
1040:
266:
Thunderstorms began to form again just before midday, as the hot and humid conditions became more acute in the middle part of the day. The
1077:
1007:
988:
835:
291:
analysis to split into two separate and distinct cells. This development resulted in one part of the major storm to head north, to
1108:
1138:
1118:
1033:
316:
237:
November is traditionally the start of the thunderstorm season along the eastern seaboard of
Australia, with a rise in average
920:
544:
Upon investigation and analysis of measurements and the damage caused by the tornado, it was given a rating of 'F3' on the
1143:
221:
as the afternoon progressed, left a trail of damage resulting from hail, rain and wind. The event has been described as
943:
330:
The northern cell continued to intensify throughout the afternoon. The Bureau of
Meteorology then recognised it as a
213:
thunderstorms in the space of around three hours. The storms, which spawned progressively further up the coast from
1128:
1123:
278:
1133:
194:
recorded in
Australia, including the only Australian tornado to be given an official 'F4' classification on the
320:
517:
324:
249:. These conditions are conducive for producing severe thunderstorms, particularly those which feature hail.
912:
673:
525:
418:
285:
267:
218:
533:
752:
1056:
1003:
984:
654:
430:
429:
damage around
Gladstone. The total damage to crops from the event was placed in the millions (
199:
125:
976:
246:
226:
645:
Only minutes after the
Oakhurst tornado, another supercell developed to the south-west of
839:
661:
339:
252:
The conditions on Sunday, 29 November were extremely unsettled. There were a series of
1102:
1086:
557:
836:"Severe Thunderstorms with devastating tornadoes over Eastern Qld: 29 November 1992"
676:
examined the damage in the Bucca and Kolan region and recorded it as an 'F4' on the
677:
636:
606:
568:
545:
503:
473:
447:
352:
335:
312:
292:
253:
195:
167:
153:
83:
242:
206:
179:
256:
171:
140:
1025:
646:
513:
422:
413:
331:
300:
260:
210:
144:
577:
524:. It developed rapidly also, and at 2:30pm a number of reports sent to the
650:
521:
296:
274:
238:
214:
187:
657:
areas with giant hailstones, described as the size of a "cricket ball".
529:
412:
The extreme instability in this area caused at least three more severe
308:
223:"one of the most widespread outbreaks of severe thunderstorms recorded"
191:
916:
209:
instability in the region resulted in the formation of at least five
1021:. Brisbane, Australia: Bureau of Meteorology Severe Weather Section.
299:. The southern cell struck Brisbane just after 1:00pm, with intense
666:
537:
288:
270:
426:
304:
183:
175:
129:
1029:
174:, Australia, on 29 November 1992. The storms produced strong
245:
combining with more frequent occurrences of cool air in the
690:
List of
Southern Hemisphere tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
311:
falling. The storm caused a lengthy delay during the First
1019:
Severe Thunderstorms and Tornadoes in Southeast Queensland
731:
729:
727:
859:
857:
814:
812:
799:
797:
795:
793:
791:
778:
776:
774:
772:
770:
714:
712:
710:
284:
The main cell in the thunderstorm system appeared from
917:"Severe Thunderstorms: Facts, Warnings and Protection"
660:
The supercell then spawned a tornado in the Bucca and
625:
599:
567:
492:
466:
446:
190:. The storms also spawned two of the most powerful
136:
120:
112:
90:
76:
66:
46:
38:
273:picked up a series of cells to the north-west of
198:and the last violent tornado in Australia until
672:Examination by a severe weather team from the
1041:
323:, when hail forced play to be stopped at the
186:in the region, including the capital city of
8:
1002:. Victoria, Australia: The Five Mile Press.
562:
441:
295:, while the other part headed south towards
21:
838:. Thundery: Brisbane Storms. Archived from
782:
1048:
1034:
1026:
576:
561:
440:
20:
944:"Severe Thunder Storms and Bucca Tornado"
899:
735:
887:
875:
863:
818:
803:
718:
349:
983:. Sydney, Australia: Reed New Holland.
751:. Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from
706:
159:Time from first tornado to last tornado
923:from the original on 23 February 2002
829:
827:
16:Series of thunderstorms in Queensland
7:
1017:Davies, Bryan; Oates, Sue (1992).
14:
1149:November 1992 events in Australia
1000:Natural Disasters And How We Cope
635:Most severe tornado damage; see
512:Early in the afternoon, another
502:Most severe tornado damage; see
152:Most severe tornado damage; see
600:
467:
166:A series of destructive severe
77:
1114:Natural disasters in Australia
520:, around 300 km north of
342:at beaches near Maroochydore.
1:
981:Australia's Natural Disasters
516:developed around the town of
281:, 100 km to the north.
1165:
998:Coenraads, Robert (2006).
555:
233:Climatology and conditions
1063:
1057:Tornado outbreaks of 1992
633:
621:
617:
613:
595:
591:
587:
575:
500:
488:
484:
480:
462:
458:
454:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
225:by veteran meteorologist
150:
124:Total unknown; millions (
108:
104:
100:
62:
58:
54:
34:
30:
26:
425:-sized hail that caused
351:Confirmed tornadoes by
1109:Disasters in Queensland
783:Davies & Oates 1992
325:Brisbane Cricket Ground
1139:1992 natural disasters
1119:Tornadoes in Australia
582:The tornado near Bucca
315:of the series between
22:1992 Queensland storms
951:Bureau of Meteorology
913:Bureau of Meteorology
674:Bureau of Meteorology
526:Bureau of Meteorology
286:Bureau of Meteorology
268:Bureau of Meteorology
1072:Chandler–Lake Wilson
532:had touched down in
170:struck southeastern
1144:1990s in Queensland
564:
443:
355:
263:, cleared quickly.
23:
350:
241:and warmer ground
96:Less than one hour
1129:1992 in Australia
1124:Tornadoes of 1992
1096:
1095:
977:Whitaker, Richard
942:Callaghan, Jeff.
834:Chambers, James.
643:
642:
510:
509:
410:
409:
164:
163:
1156:
1134:1992 meteorology
1050:
1043:
1036:
1027:
1022:
1013:
994:
963:
962:
960:
958:
948:
939:
933:
932:
930:
928:
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
852:
851:
849:
847:
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822:
816:
807:
801:
786:
780:
765:
764:
762:
760:
755:on 17 March 2009
745:
739:
733:
722:
716:
602:
580:
565:
469:
444:
442:Oakhurst tornado
437:Oakhurst tornado
356:
247:upper atmosphere
227:Richard Whitaker
93:tornado outbreak
79:
50:29 November 1992
42:Tornado outbreak
24:
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1163:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1099:
1098:
1097:
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1016:
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997:
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972:
967:
966:
956:
954:
946:
941:
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936:
926:
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911:
910:
906:
898:
894:
886:
882:
874:
870:
862:
855:
845:
843:
833:
832:
825:
817:
810:
802:
789:
781:
768:
758:
756:
747:
746:
742:
734:
725:
717:
708:
703:
698:
686:
583:
560:
554:
439:
348:
327:around 1:15pm.
235:
157:
92:
68:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1162:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1101:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1080:
1078:November 21–23
1075:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1008:
995:
989:
971:
968:
965:
964:
934:
904:
902:, p. 228.
900:Coenraads 2006
892:
890:, p. 198.
880:
878:, p. 197.
868:
866:, p. 195.
853:
842:on 21 May 2007
823:
821:, p. 196.
808:
806:, p. 200.
787:
766:
740:
738:, p. 229.
736:Coenraads 2006
723:
721:, p. 199.
705:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
693:
692:
685:
682:
641:
640:
631:
630:
627:
623:
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597:
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593:
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584:
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556:Main article:
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347:
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279:Sunshine Coast
234:
231:
207:meteorological
180:flash flooding
162:
161:
148:
147:
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137:Areas affected
134:
133:
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1009:1-74178-212-0
1005:
1001:
996:
992:
990:1-877069-04-3
986:
982:
978:
974:
973:
969:
952:
945:
938:
935:
922:
918:
914:
908:
905:
901:
896:
893:
889:
888:Whitaker 2005
884:
881:
877:
876:Whitaker 2005
872:
869:
865:
864:Whitaker 2005
860:
858:
854:
841:
837:
830:
828:
824:
820:
819:Whitaker 2005
815:
813:
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804:Whitaker 2005
800:
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792:
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728:
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719:Whitaker 2005
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620:
616:
612:
608:
605:
598:
594:
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586:
579:
574:
570:
566:
563:Bucca tornado
559:
558:Bucca tornado
552:Bucca tornado
551:
549:
547:
542:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
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357:
354:
353:Fujita rating
345:
343:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
303:activity and
302:
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200:21 March 2013
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168:thunderstorms
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57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
19:
1082:
1018:
999:
980:
955:. Retrieved
950:
937:
925:. Retrieved
907:
895:
883:
871:
844:. Retrieved
840:the original
757:. Retrieved
753:the original
743:
678:Fujita scale
671:
659:
644:
637:Fujita scale
634:
546:Fujita scale
543:
511:
504:Fujita scale
501:
411:
336:Maroochydore
329:
307:the size of
293:Maroochydore
283:
265:
254:thunderstorm
251:
243:temperatures
236:
222:
204:
196:Fujita scale
165:
158:
154:Fujita scale
151:
18:
1083:November 29
957:10 February
953:. Harden Up
927:8 September
846:21 November
749:"Tornadoes"
528:reported a
518:Maryborough
421:, produced
321:West Indies
91:Duration of
1103:Categories
1068:June 14–18
696:References
626:Fatalities
493:Fatalities
414:supercells
305:hailstones
184:hailstones
182:and large
172:Queensland
141:Queensland
113:Fatalities
701:Citations
647:Bundaberg
514:supercell
423:golf ball
419:Gladstone
346:Tornadoes
332:supercell
317:Australia
301:lightning
261:lightning
219:Gladstone
211:supercell
192:tornadoes
145:Australia
69:confirmed
67:Tornadoes
979:(2005).
921:Archived
915:(2007).
684:See also
651:Bullyard
534:Oakhurst
522:Brisbane
340:swimmers
319:and the
297:Brisbane
275:Brisbane
239:humidity
215:Brisbane
188:Brisbane
47:Duration
970:Sources
759:6 April
609:tornado
571:tornado
530:tornado
476:tornado
450:tornado
309:marbles
86:tornado
1006:
987:
603:rating
470:rating
380:Total
132:damage
121:Damage
80:rating
1087:Bucca
947:(PDF)
667:tonne
662:Kolan
655:Bucca
538:rural
289:radar
271:radar
257:cells
176:winds
128:) in
1004:ISBN
985:ISBN
959:2012
929:2007
848:2007
761:2008
653:and
629:None
601:Max.
536:, a
496:None
468:Max.
427:crop
313:Test
205:The
130:crop
116:None
78:Max.
39:Type
433:).
431:A$
377:F5
374:F4
371:F3
368:F2
365:F1
362:F0
359:FU
217:to
126:A$
1105::
949:.
919:.
856:^
826:^
811:^
790:^
769:^
726:^
709:^
665:3-
607:F4
569:F4
474:F3
448:F3
406:2
403:0
400:1
397:1
394:0
391:0
388:0
385:0
229:.
202:.
178:,
143:,
84:F4
1089:)
1085:(
1074:)
1070:(
1049:e
1042:t
1035:v
1012:.
993:.
961:.
931:.
850:.
785:.
763:.
72:2
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