366:
it." There was also a disagreement on the
Defense appropriations bill regarding funding for the peacekeeping mission in Bosnia. By December 3, 1995, seven of the thirteen appropriations bills had been passed, including the Defense bill, but further negotiations were seen as having reached an impasse, and lawmakers were considering the implications of a second shutdown. Republicans favored reductions in Medicare, Medicaid and farm programs, which had been historically favored by Democrats, as well as a $ 245 billion tax cut. Democrats considered the funding of these social programs to be essential, and opposed the size of the tax cut saying it would mainly benefit the wealthy.
362:, said that "this is the Republicans against the American people," while Speaker Gingrich insisted that he was open to renegotiation if Clinton accepted the Republican seven-year deficit elimination plan, saying "everything would clearly be on the table at that point, as long as he agreed to seven years of an honest balanced budget that was real." The first shutdown ended after Clinton agreed to the seven-year budget plan due to public surliness about the shutdown, and the prospect that a continuing resolution might be passed over his veto.
432:
394:
408:
275:, which was dominated by Republicans who had been victorious in the November 1994 midterm election. Clinton's requested budget provided a middle-class tax cut, including new deductions for children and college expenses, which was offset by a twice-as-large reduction in spending elsewhere in the budget, echoing Speaker Gingrich's goal to eliminate programs that had outlived their usefulness. However, Republicans had demanded a budget that would lead to a
483:. At the time, the Republicans were offering to increase spending on social programs in return for cuts to Medicare and Medicaid. The change in tactics was due to polls showing the public holding Republicans rather than the President responsible for the government shutdown, and the fact that further government shutdowns might hurt the potential presidential campaign of
256:
232:
385:, and Lucy has got the football, and every time you think you're going to get a real budget it's jerked away from you," but characterized the President's plan as a positive development despite the differences remaining between the parties. An additional appropriations bill was signed at the same time.
373:
to remain lit and said he would pay the lighting bill out of his own pocket. The shutdown ended after
Clinton complied with Republican demands to submit a seven-year balanced budget plan. Clinton's budget cut less from Medicare and Medicaid than the Republican plan and contained a smaller tax cut.
450:
on
January 23, 1996. Clinton famously stated that "the era of big government is over. But we cannot go back to the time when our citizens were left to fend for themselves." He expressed his willingness to negotiate and enact provisions that were common to both plans, and called on Republicans to
365:
By
December 1, 1995, disagreements continued on the Republican plan to eliminate the deficit in seven years. The Clinton administration said that "The Republican budget plan fails to protect Medicare, Medicaid, education, the environment and tax fairness, and therefore, President Clinton will veto
346:
during
November 13–19, 1995 and December 15, 1995, through January 6, 1996. The shutdowns were triggered by the expiration of continuing resolutions. The first shutdown caused the furlough of about 800,000 federal employees, while the second affected 284,000 due to additional appropriations bills
455:
however placed the blame for the impasse on
Clinton, and he stated "While the President's words speak of change, his deeds are a contradiction. President Clinton claims to embrace the future while clinging to the policies of the past."
315:
was adopted to keep the government running for six more weeks. President
Clinton had threatened to veto six of the appropriations bills in preparation due to his opposition to the extent of spending cuts, changes to
369:
The second shutdown began after the most recent continuing resolution had expired. The affected agencies included the
Departments of State and the Interior. President Clinton however ordered the
337:
264:
220:
292:
236:
460:
452:
213:
512:
The last of the budget legislation, an omnibus appropriations bill combining the remaining bills, was passed on April 26, 1996, containing $ 23 billion in spending cuts.
403:
characterized the budget dispute as "the
Republicans against the American people," and accused Republicans of advocating a return to a "survival of the fittest" economy.
324:, and language on social issues such as abortion. By late October, only three of the bills had been passed. Republican draft legislation at the time contained curbs on
2057:
480:
1203:
464:
1815:
754:
The
February 1995 budget request contained $ 1.6121 trillion in outlays, of which $ 549.0 billion were discretionary and $ 1,063.2 billion were mandatory.
288:
343:
1555:
1659:
1500:
263:
insisted that a plan to eliminate the budget deficit by 2002 be enacted as part of any budget deal. Disagreements on this plan contributed to the
1229:
370:
1024:
The proposed budget contained an estimated deficit of $ 196.7 billion and the estimated deficit for enacted legislation was $ 107.3 billion.
757:
The enacted budget contained $ 1.5603 trillion in outlays, of which $ 534.4 billion were discretionary and $ 1,026.0 billion were mandatory.
1526:
476:
279:
in 2002, but Clinton's budget projected annual deficits of around $ 190 billion up to 2005. Clinton's plan also proposed to abolish the
506:
468:
1470:
421:
attempting to kick a football and having it repeatedly jerked away from him at the last second, referring to a long-running gag in the
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644:
559:
284:
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2011:
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472:
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173:
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1581:
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631:
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545:
535:
447:
300:
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442:
blamed Clinton for the budget impasse and said, "while the President's words speak of change, his deeds are a contradiction."
296:
280:
1607:
205:
243:'s initial budget request for FY1996 contained reductions in spending but sought to avoid large cuts to programs such as
1824:
1419:
761:
459:
By March 6, 1996, eight of the 13 appropriations bills had been passed. The remaining bills covered the Departments of
272:
271:
The requested budget was submitted by President Clinton on February 6, 1995, just five weeks after the beginning of the
193:
59:
19:
1392:
1315:
354:
extension bill due to riders that Republicans had included in the bills which would have raised Medicare premiums.
1801:
1367:
397:
359:
1710:
116:
1152:
1113:
1077:
1045:
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244:
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abandon the threat of further government shutdowns or a default on the government's debt. Senator Dole's
435:
328:
and a $ 245 billion tax cut. Democratic proposals included no tax cut and cut entitlement spending less.
151:
1340:
1760:
1735:
1137:
1114:"Table 1.2—SUMMARY OF RECEIPTS, OUTLAYS, AND SURPLUSES OR DEFICITS (–) AS PERCENTAGES OF GDP: 1930–2020"
312:
201:
164:
1787:
494:
411:
375:
325:
200:
1996, which was October 1995 – September 1996. This budget was the first to be submitted after the
342:
The failure of Congress and the President to enact the remaining appropriations legislation led to
431:
1685:
505:. The debt ceiling was raised on March 29, 1996, in a bill which also enacted a presidential
407:
393:
707:
582:
687:
592:
311:
By September 21, 1995, none of the 13 appropriations bills had been signed into law and a
276:
497:
as a bargaining chip in the budget negotiations. The battle over the debt limit caused
1204:"The Clinton Budget: The Overview; Clinton's Budget Falls Well Short of G.O.P. Demands"
2051:
502:
418:
382:
260:
216:
1556:"Clinton Offers Challenge To Nation, Declaring 'The Era of Big Government is Over'"
400:
355:
240:
209:
49:
1793:
661:
549:
197:
140:
1716:. United States Office of Management and Budget. Table S-20 Receipts by Source
1286:
498:
484:
414:
378:
351:
1087:. United States Office of Management and Budget. Table 2.1 Receipts by Source
1055:. United States Office of Management and Budget. Table 2.1 Receipts by Source
1230:"The 104th Congress: The Bundget; G.O.P. to Offer a Temporary Spending Plan"
350:
The first shutdown came after Clinton vetoed a continuing resolution and a
1026:
The actual deficit for the fiscal year was $ 107.4 billion (1.3% of GDP).
255:
231:
691:
596:
487:
439:
321:
248:
704:
579:
423:
1287:"Shutdown of the Federal Government: Causes, Processes, and Effects"
446:
Clinton featured the ongoing budget negotiations prominently in his
493:
Republicans continually attempted to use a needed increase in the
295:
by consolidating programs into fewer, larger ones, as well as the
1797:
303:
by cutting their staff by a third and a half, respectively.
1761:"Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1998"
338:
United States federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996
221:
United States federal government shutdown of 1995 and 1996
1446:"Act II of Federal Shutdown: Some See Politics of Absurd"
1292:. United States Congressional Research Service. p. 6
1138:
Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1996
1153:"Fiscal Year 2016 Budget Historical Tables (Table 1.1)"
1256:"Congress to Open Budget Bill Votes for 1996 Spending"
1634:"G.O.P. Lawmakers Offer To Abandon Debt-Limit Threat"
1582:"Republicans Make an Offer On the Elusive '96 Budget"
1040:
1038:
1660:"Another Stopgap Plan Ends A Week of Accomplishment"
1072:
1070:
2004:
1943:
1882:
1831:
1501:"A Chilly G.O.P. Response To Clinton's Budget Plan"
1108:
1106:
1104:
1102:
886:
Education, Training, Employment and Social Services
160:
150:
133:
115:
94:
73:
65:
55:
45:
37:
1686:"Both Sides Claim Victory Over U.S. Budget Accord"
1471:"Clinton To Foot Bill To Keep Christmas Tree Lit"
1608:"Stopgap Bill Wins Passage, Averting A Shutdown"
1147:
1145:
1788:Appropriations Legislation for Fiscal Year 1996
1766:. United States Office of Management and Budget
1741:. United States Office of Management and Budget
1158:. United States Office of Management and Budget
1393:"G.O.P. Sends Mixed Signals on a New Shutdown"
208:. Disagreements between Democratic President
33:Budget of the United States federal government
1809:
8:
1420:"Federal Government Starts Another Shutdown"
1418:Hershey, Jr., Robert D. (16 December 1995).
24:
1178:"Fiscal Year 2016 Budget Historical Tables"
235:In response to Republican victories in the
1816:
1802:
1794:
1494:
1492:
1309:
1307:
769:
616:
23:
1316:"Latest Offer Is Spurned in Budget Talks"
1314:Seelye, Katherine Q. (13 November 1995).
1085:Fiscal Year 1998 Budget Historical Tables
1053:Fiscal Year 1996 Budget Historical Tables
605: Other miscellaneous receipts (1.8%)
430:
406:
392:
259:Republicans led by Speaker of the House
254:
230:
1549:
1547:
1444:Clines, Francis X. (17 December 1995).
1368:"Budget Talks Face Hurdle Of Hostility"
1034:
1002:
729:
438:and prospective presidential candidate
69:October 3, 1995, through April 26, 1996
1285:Brass, Clinton T. (18 February 2006).
1280:
1278:
1276:
196:to fund government operations for the
2058:United States federal budgets by year
1525:Apple, Jr., R. W. (24 January 1996).
809:General Science, Space and Technology
265:government shutdowns of 1995 and 1996
7:
1554:Mitchell, Alison (24 January 1996).
417:compared the budget negotiations to
283:, and reorganize the Departments of
875:Community and Regional Development
14:
1736:"The Budget For Fiscal Year 1996"
1711:"The Budget for Fiscal Year 1996"
1684:Knowlton, Brian (26 April 1996).
1228:Gray, Jerry (21 September 1995).
1183:. Office of Management and Budget
996:Undistributed Offsetting Receipts
831:Natural Resources and Environment
190:1996 United States federal budget
1658:Wines, Michael (30 March 1996).
1632:Clymer, Adam (25 January 1996).
1254:Clymer, Adam (25 October 1995).
1202:Pear, Robert (3 February 1995).
1366:Gray, Jerry (1 December 1995).
1078:"Fiscal 1998 Historical Tables"
1046:"Fiscal 1996 Historical Tables"
528:1996 Actual Receipts by Source
481:Environmental Protection Agency
448:1996 State of the Union Address
301:General Services Administration
165:Office of Management and Budget
1499:Gray, Jerry (8 January 1996).
1119:. Government Publishing Office
941:Veterans Benefits and Services
297:Office of Personnel Management
281:Interstate Commerce Commission
1:
1825:United States federal budgets
1790:from the United States Senate
1606:Gray, Jerry (15 March 1996).
1527:"Talking Like a Front-Runner"
720:Other miscellaneous receipts
501:to threaten to downgrade its
293:Housing and Urban Development
1580:Gray, Jerry (6 March 1996).
273:104th United States Congress
237:1994 Congressional elections
194:United States federal budget
20:United States federal budget
853:Commerce and Housing Credit
2084:
1397:Reuters/The New York Times
516:Total revenue and spending
398:White House Chief of Staff
360:White House chief of staff
335:
17:
2063:1996 in American politics
1475:The Philadelphia Inquirer
952:Administration of Justice
461:Health and Human Services
381:said, "Now, we feel like
170:
1341:"The Next Budget Battle"
613:(in billions of dollars)
347:enacted in the interim.
2068:1996 government budgets
371:National Christmas Tree
212:and Republicans led by
485:Senate Majority Leader
443:
436:Senate Majority Leader
428:
404:
268:
252:
206:1994 midterm elections
798:International Affairs
632:Individual income tax
536:Individual income tax
434:
410:
396:
313:continuing resolution
258:
234:
202:Republican Revolution
645:Corporate income tax
611:Receipts by source:
560:Corporate income tax
495:federal debt ceiling
412:Senate Majority Whip
376:Senate Majority Whip
344:government shutdowns
332:Government shutdowns
326:entitlement spending
214:Speaker of the House
453:Republican response
358:, at that time the
34:
1690:The New York Times
1664:The New York Times
1638:The New York Times
1612:The New York Times
1586:The New York Times
1560:The New York Times
1531:The New York Times
1505:The New York Times
1450:The New York Times
1424:The New York Times
1372:The New York Times
1347:. 21 November 1995
1345:The New York Times
1320:The New York Times
1260:The New York Times
1234:The New York Times
1208:The New York Times
963:General Government
444:
429:
405:
389:Later developments
269:
253:
95:Total expenditures
2045:
2044:
1399:. 4 December 1995
1017:
1016:
747:
746:
186:
185:
137:$ 5.181 trillion
2075:
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787:National Defense
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533:
465:Veterans Affairs
227:Budget proposals
219:resulted in the
156:$ 7.978 trillion
121:$ 107.4 billion
103:$ 1.56 trillion
98:$ 1.61 trillion
82:$ 1.45 trillion
77:$ 1.42 trillion
41:February 6, 1995
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1477:. 17 Dec 1995
1476:
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987:
984:
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965:
962:
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951:
948:
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800:
797:
794:
793:
789:
786:
783:
782:
778:
775:
772:
771:
768:
767:
766:(in millions)
763:
758:
755:
749:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
725:
722:
719:
718:
714:
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619:
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598:
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584:
581:
571:
561:
551:
547:
537:
529:
520:
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513:
510:
508:
504:
503:credit rating
500:
496:
491:
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486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
454:
449:
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437:
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426:
425:
420:
419:Charlie Brown
416:
413:
409:
402:
399:
395:
388:
386:
384:
383:Charlie Brown
380:
377:
372:
367:
363:
361:
357:
353:
348:
345:
339:
331:
329:
327:
323:
319:
314:
306:
304:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
266:
262:
261:Newt Gingrich
257:
250:
246:
242:
238:
233:
226:
224:
222:
218:
217:Newt Gingrich
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
180:
175:
169:
166:
163:
159:
155:
153:
149:
144:
142:
136:
132:
129:
124:
120:
118:
114:
111:
108:19.6% of GDP
106:
101:
97:
93:
90:
87:18.2% of GDP
85:
80:
76:
74:Total revenue
72:
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
21:
16:
1858:
1768:. Retrieved
1755:
1743:. Retrieved
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1705:
1693:. Retrieved
1689:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1663:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1601:
1589:. Retrieved
1585:
1575:
1563:. Retrieved
1559:
1534:. Retrieved
1530:
1520:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:
1479:. Retrieved
1474:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1396:
1387:
1375:. Retrieved
1371:
1361:
1349:. Retrieved
1344:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1319:
1294:. Retrieved
1263:. Retrieved
1259:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1233:
1223:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1197:
1185:. Retrieved
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1133:
1121:. Retrieved
1089:. Retrieved
1084:
1057:. Retrieved
1052:
1023:
1011:
1006:
974:Net Interest
765:
759:
756:
753:
741:
736:
731:
612:
610:
527:
511:
492:
458:
445:
427:comic strip.
422:
401:Leon Panetta
368:
364:
356:Leon Panetta
349:
341:
310:
270:
241:Bill Clinton
239:, President
210:Bill Clinton
189:
187:
146:64.9% of GDP
138:
127:
126:1.3% of GDP
122:
109:
104:
99:
88:
83:
78:
56:Submitted to
50:Bill Clinton
46:Submitted by
15:
1695:14 December
1669:19 December
1643:19 December
1617:19 December
1591:14 December
1565:23 December
1536:23 December
1510:19 December
1481:24 December
1455:19 December
1429:19 December
1403:19 December
1377:14 December
1351:19 December
1325:19 December
1296:19 December
1265:14 December
1239:14 December
1213:14 December
1187:October 28,
1123:October 28,
1012:$ 1,560,484
842:Agriculture
760:Outlays by
662:payroll tax
550:payroll tax
307:Legislation
198:fiscal year
100:(requested)
79:(requested)
2052:Categories
1162:October 8,
1030:References
999:$ −37,620
985:Allowances
977:$ 241,053
933:$ 349,671
922:$ 229,746
911:$ 174,225
900:$ 119,365
856:$ −10,478
790:$ 265,748
692:gift taxes
675:Excise tax
660:and other
623:Requested
597:gift taxes
570:Excise tax
479:, and the
415:Trent Lott
379:Trent Lott
352:debt limit
1720:March 15,
1091:March 15,
1059:March 15,
966:$ 11,755
955:$ 17,898
944:$ 36,956
889:$ 48,311
878:$ 10,741
867:$ 39,565
834:$ 21,503
812:$ 16,684
801:$ 13,487
773:Function
38:Submitted
1770:15 March
1745:15 March
908:Medicare
845:$ 9,035
823:$ 2,839
521:Receipts
488:Bob Dole
477:Commerce
440:Bob Dole
322:Medicaid
318:Medicare
299:and the
249:Medicaid
245:Medicare
128:(actual)
123:(actual)
110:(actual)
105:(actual)
89:(actual)
84:(actual)
779:Actual
750:Outlays
705:Customs
626:Actual
620:Source
580:Customs
562:(11.8%)
552:(35.0%)
548:/other
538:(45.1%)
499:Moody's
469:Justice
424:Peanuts
204:in the
192:is the
172:‹
161:Website
117:Deficit
27: (
897:Health
820:Energy
776:Title
708:duties
688:Estate
603:
599:(1.2%)
593:Estate
591:
589:
585:(1.3%)
583:duties
578:
576:
572:(3.7%)
568:
566:
558:
556:
544:
542:
534:
532:
291:, and
285:Energy
141:fiscal
66:Passed
2005:2020s
1944:2010s
1883:2000s
1832:1990s
1764:(PDF)
1739:(PDF)
1714:(PDF)
1290:(PDF)
1181:(PDF)
1156:(PDF)
1117:(PDF)
1081:(PDF)
1049:(PDF)
1007:Total
742:1,453
737:1,415
732:Total
473:State
2037:2025
2032:2024
2027:2023
2022:2022
2017:2021
2012:2020
1996:2019
1991:2018
1986:2017
1981:2016
1976:2015
1971:2014
1966:2013
1961:2012
1956:2011
1951:2010
1935:2009
1930:2008
1925:2007
1920:2006
1915:2005
1910:2004
1905:2003
1900:2002
1895:2001
1890:2000
1874:1999
1869:1998
1864:1997
1859:1996
1854:1995
1849:1994
1844:1993
1839:1992
1772:2015
1747:2015
1722:2015
1697:2011
1671:2011
1645:2011
1619:2011
1593:2011
1567:2011
1538:2011
1512:2011
1483:2011
1457:2011
1431:2011
1405:2011
1379:2011
1353:2011
1327:2011
1298:2011
1267:2011
1241:2011
1215:2011
1189:2015
1164:2015
1125:2015
1093:2015
1061:2015
988:$ -
690:and
669:509
666:509
652:172
649:157
639:656
636:623
595:and
320:and
247:and
188:The
179:1997
174:1995
143:end)
139:(at
134:Debt
29:1996
25:1996
993:950
982:920
971:900
960:800
949:750
938:700
927:650
916:600
905:570
894:550
883:500
872:450
861:400
850:370
839:350
828:300
817:270
806:250
795:150
784:050
726:26
723:29
715:19
712:22
699:17
696:17
682:54
679:57
152:GDP
2054::
1688:.
1662:.
1636:.
1610:.
1584:.
1558:.
1546:^
1529:.
1503:.
1491:^
1473:.
1448:.
1422:.
1395:.
1370:.
1343:.
1318:.
1306:^
1275:^
1258:.
1232:.
1206:.
1144:^
1101:^
1083:.
1069:^
1051:.
1037:^
764::
509:.
490:.
475:,
471:,
467:,
463:,
287:,
223:.
1817:e
1810:t
1803:v
1774:.
1749:.
1724:.
1699:.
1673:.
1647:.
1621:.
1595:.
1569:.
1540:.
1514:.
1485:.
1459:.
1433:.
1407:.
1381:.
1355:.
1329:.
1300:.
1269:.
1243:.
1217:.
1191:.
1166:.
1127:.
1095:.
1063:.
267:.
251:.
181:›
31:)
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