133:
322:
353:
338:
139:
328:
148:
136:
325:
154:
335:
318:
147:
153:
165:
164:
143:
129:
344:
355:
149:
332:
339:
157:
336:
247:
346:
140:
337:
160:
150:
135:
329:
350:
324:
142:
158:
145:
156:
331:
347:
333:
345:
144:
132:
159:
134:
352:
321:
163:
348:
323:
161:
354:
152:
351:
340:
155:
342:
514:
trend, where the president's party loses seats in the second-term midterm elections. Though
Republicans won the national popular vote for the House by a margin of 1.1 percentage points and retained control of the chamber, Democrats picked up a net of five seats. This marked the second time since the
146:
138:
343:
496:(Illinois), but these were cancelled out by the Democrats' gain of an open seat in Indiana and defeats of Republican Senators Al D'Amato (New York) and Lauch Faircloth (North Carolina). The balance of the Senate remained unchanged at 55â45 in favor of the Republicans.
151:
334:
327:
137:
358:
141:
349:
341:
162:
326:
1120:
1085:
1160:
1065:
1025:
1115:
1110:
1125:
1090:
1040:
955:
1155:
1075:
1070:
945:
330:
1165:
1130:
1035:
1010:
356:
1150:
1100:
1080:
1055:
1045:
1030:
1020:
1005:
985:
950:
935:
990:
970:
965:
960:
940:
925:
1170:
1145:
1105:
1060:
1050:
1000:
975:
1425:
1135:
1015:
980:
930:
1140:
1095:
995:
3098:
1385:
703:
915:
543:
538:
of
Clinton likely played a major role in the success of the Democratic Party in the House and Senate elections. The election precipitated a change in Republican leadership, with
505:
204:
880:
850:
357:
1333:
840:
3139:
885:
875:
855:
1854:
770:
1488:
900:
760:
3129:
905:
820:
3103:
1811:
865:
845:
830:
825:
815:
795:
765:
755:
3088:
1788:
895:
800:
780:
775:
750:
740:
579:
3124:
2904:
2894:
2884:
2874:
2864:
2854:
2844:
2814:
2804:
2794:
2784:
2774:
2764:
2754:
2744:
2734:
2714:
2704:
2694:
2684:
2674:
2664:
2654:
2644:
2634:
2614:
2604:
2584:
2574:
2564:
2554:
2544:
2534:
2524:
2514:
2504:
2494:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2394:
2384:
2374:
2364:
2354:
2344:
2334:
2324:
2314:
2304:
2294:
2284:
2274:
2264:
2254:
2244:
2234:
2224:
2214:
2204:
2194:
2184:
2174:
2164:
2154:
2144:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2104:
2094:
2084:
2064:
2054:
2044:
2034:
2024:
2014:
2004:
1994:
1984:
1974:
1964:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1796:
1496:
870:
835:
810:
785:
745:
790:
567:
454:
seats changed hands, but neither party made a net gain. In the House of
Representatives, Democrats picked up five seats, marking the first time since the
1345:
1180:
890:
860:
805:
696:
293:
1514:
1473:
1395:
1298:
1273:
3134:
1410:
1350:
1340:
1328:
470:
3093:
1821:
1448:
1415:
1405:
1223:
1218:
1400:
1303:
1208:
444:
1847:
1453:
1370:
1355:
1283:
689:
1318:
1308:
1288:
1278:
1268:
1248:
1213:
1203:
1874:
1633:
1375:
1365:
1233:
1228:
1198:
1188:
730:
487:
94:
1519:
1323:
1293:
1258:
1238:
1193:
575:
1801:
1360:
1263:
1243:
550:
attributes the
Republican Party's poor performance in the 1998 elections to a public backlash against Republicans' handling of the
246:
1840:
1313:
1253:
432:
416:
1553:
1863:
1816:
55:
1713:
1806:
1708:
1478:
524:
520:
492:
In the Senate elections, Republicans picked up open seats in Ohio and
Kentucky and narrowly defeated Democratic incumbent
1728:
1693:
551:
428:
3071:
3064:
3057:
3050:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2909:
2899:
2889:
2879:
2869:
2859:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2809:
2799:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2749:
2739:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2709:
2699:
2689:
2679:
2669:
2659:
2649:
2639:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2579:
2569:
2559:
2549:
2539:
2529:
2519:
2509:
2499:
2489:
2479:
2469:
2459:
2449:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2309:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2189:
2179:
2169:
2159:
2149:
2139:
2129:
2119:
2109:
2099:
2089:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2059:
2049:
2039:
2029:
2019:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1969:
1959:
1949:
1939:
1929:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1889:
1879:
1778:
1768:
1673:
1438:
721:
713:
528:
459:
455:
440:
87:
49:
43:
31:
25:
1733:
1723:
1718:
1698:
1648:
1573:
1563:
555:
535:
424:
1763:
1683:
1678:
1773:
1738:
1643:
1618:
1758:
1688:
1663:
1653:
1638:
1628:
1613:
1593:
1568:
1558:
1548:
1753:
1658:
1598:
1578:
1543:
458:
in which the incumbent president's party did not suffer losses in either house of congress. This also occurred in
1668:
1608:
1583:
1463:
519:
in which the president's party gained seats in the House of
Representatives in a midterm election, following the
1743:
1623:
1588:
1748:
1703:
1603:
650:
Abramowitz, Alan I. (2001). "It's Monica, Stupid: The
Impeachment Controversy and the 1998 Midterm Election".
462:. This is the most recent midterm election in which neither chamber of Congress changed partisan control.
436:
451:
599:
493:
681:
667:
516:
636:
531:
in which the president's party gained seats in the House during the president's second midterm.
659:
547:
629:
571:
3118:
539:
511:
466:
510:
The House of
Representatives elections saw a significant disruption of the historic
420:
74:
1832:
671:
439:, the elections were unusual because this is the first midterm since
663:
1836:
685:
600:"Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 3, 1998"
316:
127:
546:. A 2001 study by Emory University political scientist
506:
1787:
1528:
1507:
1424:
1384:
1179:
914:
729:
307:
299:
292:
236:
228:
220:
210:
203:
118:
110:
100:
93:
83:
70:
62:
628:
556:impeachment proceedings against President Clinton
578:solidified his status as a front-runner for the
523:. Republicans would later gain seats during the
415:were held on November 3, 1998, in the middle of
47:
41:
35:
29:
527:. The 1998 elections were the first time since
443:that the president's party gained seats in the
320:
131:
1848:
697:
425:impeachment proceedings against the president
8:
18:
635:. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp.
1855:
1841:
1833:
704:
690:
682:
471:impeachment investigations against Clinton
3140:November 1998 events in the United States
605:. U.S. House of Reps, Office of the Clerk
622:
620:
469:is attributed to wide opposition to the
591:
580:2000 Republican presidential nomination
3130:General elections in the United States
256:(territorial delegate races not shown)
17:
435:retained control of both chambers of
254:1998 House of Representatives results
7:
367:1998 gubernatorial election results
3125:1998 elections in the United States
488:1998 United States Senate elections
500:House of Representatives elections
14:
570:in governorships. Texas Governor
473:and his high popularity numbers.
245:
3135:United States midterm elections
1864:Elections in the United States
1:
652:Legislative Studies Quarterly
303:38 (36 states, 2 territories)
174:1998 Senate election results
718:1998 United States elections
413:1998 United States elections
19:1998 United States elections
1515:Michigan Secretary of State
3156:
503:
485:
423:'s second term and during
3081:
1870:
366:
315:
253:
244:
173:
126:
23:
552:Clinton-Lewinsky scandal
445:House of Representatives
429:ClintonâLewinsky scandal
402:
396:
389:
383:
376:
370:
285:
278:
272:
265:
259:
196:
190:
183:
177:
3104:Gubernatorial elections
294:Gubernatorial elections
3089:Presidential elections
627:Busch, Andrew (1999).
465:The disruption of the
404: Independent hold
361:
287: Independent hold
168:
576:landslide re-election
391: Republican gain
385: Democratic gain
378: Republican hold
372: Democratic hold
360:
280: Republican gain
274: Democratic gain
267: Republican hold
261: Democratic hold
198: Republican gain
192: Democratic gain
185: Republican hold
179: Democratic hold
167:
1520:New York Comptroller
1224:District of Columbia
544:Speaker of the House
224:All 435 voting seats
631:Horses in Midstream
494:Carol Moseley Braun
427:as a result of the
229:Popular vote margin
71:Incumbent president
20:
362:
169:
3112:
3111:
1830:
1829:
477:Federal elections
409:
408:
398: Reform gain
56:Midterm elections
3147:
3094:Senate elections
1857:
1850:
1843:
1834:
706:
699:
692:
683:
676:
675:
647:
641:
640:
634:
624:
615:
614:
612:
610:
604:
596:
482:Senate elections
405:
403:
399:
397:
392:
390:
386:
384:
379:
377:
373:
371:
319:
288:
286:
281:
279:
275:
273:
268:
266:
262:
260:
249:
232:Republican +1.1%
216:
199:
197:
193:
191:
186:
184:
180:
178:
130:
106:
95:Senate elections
79:
48:
42:
36:
30:
21:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3099:House elections
3077:
1866:
1861:
1831:
1826:
1802:New Orleans, LA
1783:
1530:
1524:
1508:State officials
1503:
1427:
1420:
1387:
1380:
1175:
917:
910:
732:
725:
710:
680:
679:
649:
648:
644:
626:
625:
618:
608:
606:
602:
598:
597:
593:
588:
564:
562:State elections
548:Alan Abramowitz
508:
502:
490:
484:
479:
401:
400:
395:
394:
393:
388:
387:
382:
381:
380:
375:
374:
369:
368:
359:
317:
308:Net seat change
300:Seats contested
284:
283:
282:
277:
276:
271:
270:
269:
264:
263:
258:
257:
255:
237:Net seat change
221:Seats contested
215:Republican hold
214:
211:Overall control
205:House elections
195:
194:
189:
188:
187:
182:
181:
176:
175:
166:
128:
119:Net seat change
114:34 of 100 seats
111:Seats contested
105:Republican hold
104:
101:Overall control
77:
53:
46:
40:
34:
28:
12:
11:
5:
3153:
3151:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1845:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1824:
1822:Washington, DC
1819:
1814:
1812:Providence, RI
1809:
1804:
1799:
1797:Long Beach, CA
1793:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1729:South Carolina
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1694:North Carolina
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1346:South Carolina
1343:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1121:South Carolina
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1086:North Carolina
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
922:
920:
912:
911:
909:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
881:South Carolina
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
851:North Carolina
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
737:
735:
727:
726:
711:
709:
708:
701:
694:
686:
678:
677:
664:10.2307/440200
658:(2): 211â226.
642:
616:
590:
589:
587:
584:
572:George W. Bush
568:made net gains
566:Neither party
563:
560:
525:2002 mid-terms
521:1934 elections
504:Main article:
501:
498:
486:Main article:
483:
480:
478:
475:
456:1934 elections
407:
406:
364:
363:
313:
312:
309:
305:
304:
301:
297:
296:
290:
289:
251:
250:
242:
241:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
201:
200:
171:
170:
124:
123:
120:
116:
115:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3152:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3069:
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1026:Massachusetts
1024:
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841:New Hampshire
839:
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569:
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542:resigning as
541:
540:Newt Gingrich
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
512:six-year itch
507:
499:
497:
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481:
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468:
467:six-year itch
463:
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422:
418:
414:
365:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
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252:
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243:
240:Democratic +5
239:
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209:
206:
202:
172:
125:
121:
117:
113:
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103:
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96:
92:
89:
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84:Next Congress
82:
76:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
57:
51:
45:
39:
33:
27:
22:
16:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
2919:
1817:San Jose, CA
1734:South Dakota
1724:Rhode Island
1719:Pennsylvania
1699:North Dakota
1428:legislatures
1351:South Dakota
1341:Rhode Island
1329:Pennsylvania
1126:South Dakota
1116:Rhode Island
1111:Pennsylvania
1091:North Dakota
886:South Dakota
876:Pennsylvania
856:North Dakota
722:→ 1999
717:
714:1997 ←
655:
651:
645:
630:
607:. Retrieved
594:
565:
533:
509:
491:
464:
449:
421:Bill Clinton
412:
410:
78:(Democratic)
75:Bill Clinton
63:Election day
54:
37:
15:
1807:Oakland, CA
1649:Mississippi
1564:Connecticut
1445:California
1219:Connecticut
1041:Mississippi
956:Connecticut
771:Connecticut
536:impeachment
433:Republicans
3119:Categories
1764:Washington
1684:New Mexico
1679:New Jersey
1554:California
1396:California
1304:New Mexico
1209:California
1156:Washington
1076:New Mexico
1071:New Jersey
946:California
901:Washington
761:California
586:References
419:President
417:Democratic
66:November 3
1774:Wisconsin
1739:Tennessee
1644:Minnesota
1619:Louisiana
1531:generally
1483:Minnesota
1470:Maryland
1411:Minnesota
1386:Attorneys
1371:Wisconsin
1356:Tennessee
1284:Minnesota
1181:Governors
1166:Wisconsin
1131:Tennessee
1036:Minnesota
1011:Louisiana
906:Wisconsin
821:Louisiana
716:)
517:Civil War
431:. Though
311:Reform +1
3085:See also
1759:Virginia
1709:Oklahoma
1689:New York
1664:Nebraska
1654:Missouri
1639:Michigan
1629:Maryland
1614:Kentucky
1594:Illinois
1569:Delaware
1559:Colorado
1549:Arkansas
1449:Assembly
1435:Arizona
1416:New York
1406:Michigan
1319:Oklahoma
1309:New York
1289:Nebraska
1279:Michigan
1269:Maryland
1249:Illinois
1214:Colorado
1204:Arkansas
1151:Virginia
1101:Oklahoma
1081:New York
1056:Nebraska
1046:Missouri
1031:Michigan
1021:Maryland
1006:Kentucky
986:Illinois
961:Delaware
951:Colorado
936:Arkansas
866:Oklahoma
846:New York
831:Missouri
826:Maryland
816:Kentucky
796:Illinois
766:Colorado
756:Arkansas
720: (
609:10 April
554:and the
450:Several
437:Congress
1875:1788â89
1779:Wyoming
1754:Vermont
1659:Montana
1599:Indiana
1579:Georgia
1574:Florida
1544:Arizona
1537:Alabama
1401:Florida
1388:General
1376:Wyoming
1366:Vermont
1334:Lt. Gov
1234:Georgia
1229:Florida
1199:Arizona
1189:Alabama
1171:Wyoming
1146:Vermont
1051:Montana
991:Indiana
971:Georgia
966:Florida
941:Arizona
926:Alabama
896:Vermont
801:Indiana
781:Georgia
776:Florida
751:Arizona
741:Alabama
1789:Mayors
1714:Oregon
1669:Nevada
1609:Kansas
1584:Hawaii
1540:Alaska
1529:States
1493:Texas
1479:Senate
1464:Senate
1454:Senate
1439:Senate
1426:State
1324:Oregon
1294:Nevada
1259:Kansas
1239:Hawaii
1194:Alaska
1106:Oregon
1061:Nevada
1001:Kansas
976:Hawaii
931:Alaska
871:Oregon
836:Nevada
811:Kansas
786:Hawaii
746:Alaska
733:Senate
672:440200
670:
452:Senate
1744:Texas
1624:Maine
1589:Idaho
1497:House
1489:House
1474:House
1460:Iowa
1361:Texas
1264:Maine
1244:Idaho
1136:Texas
1016:Maine
981:Idaho
918:House
791:Idaho
668:JSTOR
639:â148.
603:(PDF)
88:106th
3072:2027
3065:2026
3058:2025
3051:2024
3045:2023
3040:2022
3035:2021
3030:2020
3025:2019
3020:2018
3015:2017
3010:2016
3005:2015
3000:2014
2995:2013
2990:2012
2985:2011
2980:2010
2975:2009
2970:2008
2965:2007
2960:2006
2955:2005
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2895:1993
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2885:1991
2880:1990
2875:1989
2870:1988
2865:1987
2860:1986
2855:1985
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2800:1974
2795:1973
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2765:1967
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2700:1954
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2670:1948
2665:1947
2660:1946
2655:1945
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2640:1942
2635:1941
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2605:1935
2600:1934
2595:1933
2590:1932
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2570:1928
2565:1927
2560:1926
2555:1925
2550:1924
2545:1923
2540:1922
2535:1921
2530:1920
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2520:1918
2515:1917
2510:1916
2505:1915
2500:1914
2495:1913
2490:1912
2485:1911
2480:1910
2475:1909
2470:1908
2465:1907
2460:1906
2455:1905
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2420:1898
2415:1897
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2400:1894
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2110:1836
2105:1835
2100:1834
2095:1833
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2065:1827
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2055:1825
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2045:1823
2040:1822
2035:1821
2030:1820
2025:1819
2020:1818
2015:1817
2010:1816
2005:1815
2000:1814
1995:1813
1990:1812
1985:1811
1980:1810
1975:1809
1970:1808
1965:1807
1960:1806
1955:1805
1950:1804
1945:1803
1940:1802
1935:1801
1930:1800
1925:1799
1920:1798
1915:1797
1910:1796
1905:1795
1900:1794
1895:1793
1890:1792
1885:1791
1880:1790
1749:Utah
1704:Ohio
1604:Iowa
1314:Ohio
1254:Iowa
1141:Utah
1096:Ohio
996:Iowa
916:U.S.
891:Utah
861:Ohio
806:Iowa
731:U.S.
611:2017
534:The
529:1822
460:2002
441:1934
411:The
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32:1997
26:1996
660:doi
637:145
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