478:"the region's most progressive indigenous rights regime". Innovations included Article 125's guarantee of political representation at all levels of government, and Article 124's prohibition on "the registration of patents related to indigenous genetic resources or intellectual property associated with indigenous knowledge." The new constitution followed the example of Colombia in reserving parliamentary seats for indigenous delegates (three in Venezuela's National Assembly); and it was the first Latin American constitution to reserve indigenous seats in state assemblies and municipal councils in districts with indigenous population.
371: Although the Chavismo obtained near absolute control of the Constituent Assembly, it did not mean that Chávez did not find opposition within his own supporters to several of his proposals for the new Constitution. There were several important changes pushed by Chávez which had initially been discarded by the Constituent Assembly, and which were only admitted under direct pressure from the President. Among the main ones were the inclusion of the term "Bolivarian" in the official name of Venezuela, the suppression of the voting "second round" or ballot, and the restriction of the taxing powers of the states.
967:
119:
44:
2530:
364:
dissolving both the
Supreme Court and the Congress. The constitutional assembly had the power to perform such an action, and had already fired almost sixty judges whom it accused as being involved in corruption. The ANC also offered more power to Chávez, it helped him broaden the powers given to the president, and allowed him to call a general election for all public office positions —many of which weren’t controlled at the time by Chávez or the
184:
399:
congressional protests as vain attempts by the discredited traditional political class to stop the changes. At the same time that the
Constituent Assembly minimized the Congress, it also created an "emergency commission" to reorganize the Judicial Power. Due to a sentence issued by the Supreme Court at the beginning of the year, the Constituent Assembly could do so as the "original power". The decision was challenged, but when
2287:
493:
375:
387:, suspended the sessions of the Congress, reduced its commissions to a minimum and created a delegated commission made up of 23 congressmen who could legislate, but always subject to the veto of the Constituent Assembly in important matters. Congressmen from Democratic Action, Copei and Project Venezuela protested the measure, which they called a
395:, president of the Constituent Assembly warned them that "the people would shut them down" if they tried to do so. On 27 August, opposition congressmen tried to enter the Congress but were repelled by Chavista sympathizers, who injured thirty of the first ones when they tried to jump over the fence surrounding the building.
477:
It also included increased protections for indigenous peoples and women, and established the rights of the public to education, housing, healthcare and food. It added new environmental protections, and increased requirements for government transparency. Ultimately the constitutional process produced
363:
The
Assembly convened 3 August 1999. On 12 August 1999, the new constitutional assembly voted to give themselves the power to abolish government institutions and to dismiss officials who were perceived as being corrupt or operating only in their own interests. Chávez and his supporters had discussed
285:
which he hoped would support his plans to form a constitutional assembly, composed of representatives from across
Venezuela, as well as from indigenous tribal groups, which would be able to rewrite the nation's constitution. The referendum went ahead on 25 April 1999, and was an overwhelming success
378:
The clashes at the
Federal Legislative Palace (pictured) was one of the first conflicts between Chavistas and opponents, which took place on 27 August 1999, after the National Constituent Assembly, controlled by the ruling party, occupied the building, seat of the Venezuelan Congress, controlled by
315:
Of the 1,171 candidates standing for election to the assembly, over 900 of them were opponents of Chávez. Chávez's supporters won 52% of the vote; despite this, because of voting procedures chosen by the government beforehand, supporters of the new government took 125 seats (95% of the total),
407:
I believe that by complying with the decree of the
National Constituent Assembly that establishes the judicial emergency, the Supreme Court dissolves itself (...) Simply put, the Supreme Court of Justice of Venezuela committed suicide to avoid being assassinated. The result is the same, it is
398:
The
Catholic Church mediated between the Constituent Assembly and the Congress, but although they managed to reach an agreement, the Congress continued to be reduced to its new role of delegated commission, sharing the building with the Constituent. At the time, public opinion interpreted the
449:
campaigned against the approval of the
Constitution. Although these forces agreed that a new Magna Carta was necessary in general, they were in complete disagreement with the result, where their representation had been symbolic. The draft was approved in the referendum in December 1999.
445:, who argued that power was being centralized and that a military estate was going to be formed. A referendum was then called for 15 December in order to approve or reject the text. Democratic Action, Copei, Justice First, Project Venezuela and
425:
party, then part of the ruling party, considered he idea of removing three opposition governors using the constituent power. For his part, Chávez did not oppose to be ratified by the body, and was sworn in again before the
Constituent.
474:. As a part of the new constitution, the country, which was then officially known as the Republic of Venezuela, was renamed the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (República Bolivariana de Venezuela) at Chávez's request.
908:
316:
including all of those belonging to indigenous tribal groups, whereas the opposition obtained only 6 seats. One of the 6 seats was occupied by Allan Brewer-Carías, a constitutional scholar and vocal critic.
403:, the president of the high court, resigned after realizing that her colleagues were going to ratify the January decision, as she considered that the rule of law was being violated with the decision:
487:
312:, a Venezuelan legal scholar and elected member of this assembly, explains that the constitution-making body was an instrument for the gradual dismantling of democratic institutions and values.
383:
On 25 August, the conflict between the
Constituent Assembly and the Congress openly broke out. Taking advantage of a parliamentary recess, the pro-government constituent majority occupied the
1036:
993:
837:
248:. Three seats were reserved for indigenous delegates in the 131-member constitutional assembly, and two additional indigenous delegates won unreserved seats in the assembly elections.
2161:
2321:
2494:
421:
Although in theory the Constituent Assembly also had the power to intervene the executive branch, the presidential powers, governors and mayors were left untouched, although the
939:
578:
252:
1695:
2607:
287:
276:
245:
2567:
1661:
568:
241:
1646:
573:
446:
229:
2617:
2582:
2263:
2154:
1453:
2314:
1556:
1315:
2602:
1756:
1438:
2484:
1448:
1702:
1690:
1514:
1082:
240:, but the assembly also gave itself the role of a supreme power above all the existing institutions in the republic. The Assembly was endorsed by
1056:
1013:
857:
290:, in which the members of the constitutional assembly would be voted into power" Critics feared it was the final step to establishing a one-man
2399:
2147:
1902:
1712:
880:
585:
429:
After over three months of work, the Constituent presented its draft constitution on 19 November, which was only opposed by four constituents:
2307:
1609:
1509:
1463:
664:
1885:
368:. Soto believes that the ANC enabled Chávez to "design a genius political strategy to take over all the spaces in the Venezuelan State."
2597:
2419:
2114:
1907:
1731:
1546:
1328:
539:
1398:
2592:
2409:
2394:
2369:
2190:
1821:
1196:
324:
78:
2622:
2504:
2344:
1531:
1109:
1413:
2572:
2479:
2225:
1831:
1526:
352:
256:
1250:
2643:
1983:
1917:
1892:
1673:
2349:
2185:
1875:
1636:
1468:
1393:
1367:
1358:
1353:
1308:
471:
336:
2519:
2464:
2449:
2404:
2240:
2071:
1941:
1791:
1656:
1478:
1403:
805:
780:
731:
161:
2552:
2499:
2230:
1998:
1741:
1641:
1551:
332:
118:
2514:
2414:
2374:
2235:
2210:
2195:
1767:
1678:
384:
191:
514:
2648:
2469:
2439:
2384:
2364:
2215:
2200:
1897:
1348:
2489:
2444:
2354:
2274:
2174:
2081:
2003:
1958:
1736:
1626:
1592:
1388:
1373:
1301:
237:
1978:
1973:
1865:
1597:
1383:
2286:
2256:
392:
340:
319:
The 131 member assembly was composed of 121 belonging to the Chávez's Patriotic Pole, which consisted of the
2612:
2587:
2046:
1582:
320:
139:
43:
2509:
2359:
2076:
2008:
1988:
1968:
1927:
1912:
1668:
1631:
1492:
590:
442:
413:
400:
944:
913:
885:
549:
302:
17:
2562:
2459:
2454:
2434:
2429:
2061:
2041:
1570:
1473:
1139:
509:
264:
2577:
2529:
1870:
1172:
339:
and others, 3 indigenous representatives and 6 Democratic Pole and other party members consisting of
2474:
2389:
2379:
2270:
2220:
2205:
2107:
2023:
1922:
1853:
1807:
1751:
1746:
1722:
1683:
1614:
1587:
1521:
1504:
1336:
1078:
61:
1087:
554:
307:
2538:
2249:
2031:
1993:
1963:
1816:
1651:
1619:
1604:
1458:
2123:
2066:
2056:
2036:
2013:
1953:
1541:
1536:
544:
434:
422:
328:
458:
The new constitution increased the presidential term from five to six years, allowed people to
438:
1144:
2424:
2299:
2086:
1048:
1005:
849:
670:
660:
529:
519:
496:
492:
466:
legislature which consisted of a Congress with both a Senate and a Chamber of Deputies into a
430:
388:
348:
286:
for Chávez, with 88% of voters supporting the proposal. Following this, Chávez called for an
2557:
2128:
1408:
971:
909:"El Congreso venezolano insiste en discutir hoy su futuro, pese al veto de la Constituyente"
301:
protested against the constituent assembly, arguing that it violated the 1961 Constitution.
221:
1204:
183:
2336:
459:
1428:
1167:
1117:
534:
462:
presidents by referendum, and added a new presidential two-term limit. It converted the
2051:
1796:
1443:
1418:
503:
298:
260:
96:
2637:
1776:
1423:
1363:
1254:
467:
1781:
524:
463:
291:
374:
208:
2170:
2139:
1378:
674:
282:
1052:
1009:
853:
2544:
1786:
1324:
233:
1433:
195:
1293:
1880:
1826:
491:
344:
259:
were held under the new constitution in July 2000. This ended the
1140:"Constituyentes de la provincia emboscaron la descentralización"
2303:
2143:
1297:
940:"La Constituyente y el Congreso compartirán sede en Venezuela"
488:
Members of the 1999 National Constituent Assembly of Venezuela
391:, and called for an emergency session in the Federal Palace.
2285:
1253:. Embassy of Venezuela in the US. 2000. Archived from
1110:"Copei ratificó su rechazo al proyecto constitucional"
1037:"El proceso constituyente y la Constitución de 1999"
994:"El proceso constituyente y la Constitución de 1999"
838:"El proceso constituyente y la Constitución de 1999"
713:
711:
709:
703:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 33-35
2537:
2335:
2022:
1940:
1852:
1805:
1765:
1720:
1711:
1569:
1491:
1335:
201:
176:
125:
108:
103:
89:
84:
74:
69:
55:
50:
32:
579:December 1999 Venezuelan constitutional referendum
277:1999 Venezuelan Constitutional Assembly election
569:April 1999 Venezuelan constitutional referendum
405:
968:"Venezuela:President of Supreme Court Resings"
2315:
2155:
1309:
574:1999 Venezuelan Constituent Assembly election
416:, president of the Supreme Court of Venezuela
8:
1274:
1272:
831:
829:
827:
825:
626:
624:
2330:National legislative bodies of the Americas
1197:"Constituyente: Henrique Capriles Radonsky"
806:"The Long Journey of the 1999 Constitution"
781:"The Long Journey of the 1999 Constitution"
732:"The Long Journey of the 1999 Constitution"
251:The constitution was later endorsed by the
246:Constituent Assembly elections in July 1999
2322:
2308:
2300:
2162:
2148:
2140:
1946:
1858:
1717:
1708:
1575:
1497:
1341:
1316:
1302:
1294:
938:Vinogradoff, Ludmila (11 September 1999).
933:
931:
655:Levitsky, Steven; Ziblatt, Daniel (2019).
297:Former president and Chávez's predecessor
29:
18:1999 Constitutional Assembly of Venezuela
373:
602:
1251:"Bolivarian Constitution of Venezuela"
907:Aznárez, Juan Jesús (27 August 1999).
879:Aznárez, Juan Jesús (27 August 1999).
586:2017 Constituent Assembly of Venezuela
288:election to take place on 25 July 1999
27:Constitutional convention in Venezuela
281:President Chávez called for a public
7:
1195:Valente, Jesús (22 September 1999).
1703:Guayana Esequiba (Reclamation area)
1116:. 1–8 December 1998. Archived from
1035:Combellas, Ricardo (January 2003).
992:Combellas, Ricardo (January 2003).
836:Combellas, Ricardo (January 2003).
804:Soto, Carlos García (2019-12-15).
779:Soto, Carlos García (2019-12-15).
730:Soto, Carlos García (2019-12-15).
701:Dismantling Democracy in Venezuela
25:
2528:
2495:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1832:Ecological Movement of Venezuela
1083:"Se inicia campaña en Venezuela"
182:
117:
42:
226:Asamblea Nacional Constituyente
36:Asamblea Nacional Constituyente
1394:Restorative Liberal Revolution
1:
540:Marisabel Rodríguez de Chávez
470:one that consisted only of a
218:Constituent National Assembly
34:Constituent National Assembly
881:"Una institución de florero"
333:Communist Party of Venezuela
1768:Democratic Unity Roundtable
1757:People's Electoral Movement
1691:Supreme Tribunal of Justice
366:Movimiento Quinta República
337:People's Electoral Movement
253:referendum in December 1999
2665:
2290:Legislatures South America
1464:2017 constitutional crisis
1237:
1225:
766:
754:
717:
687:
642:
630:
485:
385:Federal Legislative Palace
274:
242:a referendum in April 1999
192:Federal Legislative Palace
2608:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2526:
2283:
2181:
2101:
1949:
1861:
1737:Movement We Are Venezuela
1593:Human rights in Venezuela
1578:
1500:
1439:1992 coup d'état attempts
1374:Revolution of the Reforms
1344:
238:Constitution of Venezuela
230:constitutional convention
206:
190:
181:
116:
79:2017 Constituent Assembly
41:
2618:Turks and Caicos Islands
1610:Administrative divisions
1469:2019 presidential crisis
1449:2002 coup d'état attempt
1384:Revindicating Revolution
1168:"Empresarios, por el No"
482:Notable Assembly members
1583:Corruption in Venezuela
966:APTN (25 August 1999).
631:Marcano and Tyszka 2007
321:Fifth Republic Movement
236:in 1999 to draft a new
2644:Constituent assemblies
2568:British Virgin Islands
2291:
1908:Science and technology
1822:Movement for Socialism
1732:United Socialist Party
1454:2002–03 general strike
591:Democratic backsliding
499:
454:Constitutional changes
419:
380:
325:Movement for Socialism
225:
2485:Saint Kitts and Nevis
2289:
699:Allan Brewer-Carías,
515:José Gregorio Briceño
510:Ronald Blanco La Cruz
495:
377:
265:Bolivarian Revolution
257:new general elections
1808:Agreement for Change
1747:For Social Democracy
1723:Great Patriotic Pole
1588:Torture in Venezuela
1557:World Heritage Sites
1532:Environmental issues
1081:(22 November 1999).
1079:Agence France-Presse
443:Virgilio Ávila Vivas
359:Constituent Assembly
353:National Convergence
62:Constituent assembly
2505:Trinidad and Tobago
2345:Antigua and Barbuda
1994:List of Venezuelans
1817:Progressive Advance
1605:Crisis in Venezuela
1359:War of Independence
657:How democracies die
550:Allan Brewer-Carías
303:Allan Brewer-Carías
263:and ushered in the
2410:Dominican Republic
2292:
1984:Indigenous peoples
1918:Telecommunications
1515:metropolitan areas
1287:Van Cott (2003:65)
1278:Van Cott (2003:63)
1176:. 24 November 1999
1173:Clarín (Argentina)
1120:on 31 October 2005
810:Caracas Chronicles
785:Caracas Chronicles
736:Caracas Chronicles
618:Van Cott (2003:56)
609:Van Cott (2003:55)
545:Tarek William Saab
500:
435:Alberto Franceschi
423:Fatherland For All
393:Aristóbulo Istúriz
381:
341:Acción Democrática
329:Fatherland for All
2649:1999 in Venezuela
2631:
2630:
2623:US Virgin Islands
2297:
2296:
2278:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2137:
2136:
2097:
2096:
1936:
1935:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1792:Democratic Action
1657:National Assembly
1637:Foreign relations
1565:
1564:
1487:
1486:
1354:Captaincy General
1207:on 4 October 2011
1148:. 1 December 1999
1114:Analítica semanal
666:978-0-241-38135-9
659:. Penguin Books.
472:National Assembly
349:Project Venezuela
214:
213:
210:
170:Other parties (3)
75:Succeeded by
16:(Redirected from
2656:
2603:Saint Barthélemy
2583:Falkland Islands
2532:
2337:Sovereign states
2324:
2317:
2310:
2301:
2269:
2264:Falkland Islands
2262:
2255:
2248:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2141:
2117:
2110:
1947:
1859:
1810:
1770:
1725:
1718:
1709:
1576:
1498:
1414:1958 coup d'état
1409:El Trienio Adeco
1342:
1318:
1311:
1304:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1203:. Archived from
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1055:. Archived from
1032:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1012:. Archived from
989:
983:
982:
980:
978:
972:Associated Press
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
945:El País (España)
935:
926:
925:
923:
921:
914:El País (España)
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
886:El País (España)
876:
870:
869:
867:
865:
856:. Archived from
833:
820:
819:
817:
816:
801:
795:
794:
792:
791:
776:
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
745:
743:
742:
727:
721:
715:
704:
697:
691:
685:
679:
678:
652:
646:
640:
634:
628:
619:
616:
610:
607:
558:
417:
311:
207:
186:
169:
160:
147:
138:
127:Political groups
121:
46:
30:
21:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2653:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2542:
2533:
2524:
2331:
2328:
2298:
2293:
2281:
2243:
2177:
2168:
2138:
2133:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2093:
2018:
1999:Public holidays
1932:
1836:
1806:
1801:
1766:
1761:
1742:Communist Party
1721:
1707:
1642:Law enforcement
1561:
1552:Natural Regions
1483:
1331:
1322:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1257:on 17 July 2012
1249:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1232:
1224:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1123:
1121:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1093:
1091:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1059:on 27 July 2014
1047:(30): 100–113.
1034:
1033:
1029:
1019:
1017:
1016:on 27 July 2014
1004:(30): 100–113.
991:
990:
986:
976:
974:
965:
964:
960:
950:
948:
937:
936:
929:
919:
917:
906:
905:
901:
891:
889:
878:
877:
873:
863:
861:
860:on 27 July 2014
848:(30): 100–113.
835:
834:
823:
814:
812:
803:
802:
798:
789:
787:
778:
777:
773:
765:
761:
753:
749:
740:
738:
729:
728:
724:
716:
707:
698:
694:
686:
682:
667:
654:
653:
649:
641:
637:
629:
622:
617:
613:
608:
604:
599:
565:
552:
490:
484:
456:
439:Jorge Olavarría
418:
412:
379:the opposition.
361:
305:
279:
273:
228:) or ANC was a
167:
162:Democratic Pole
158:
145:
136:
128:
99:
92:
65:
64:
37:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2662:
2660:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2573:Cayman Islands
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2535:
2534:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2319:
2312:
2304:
2295:
2294:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2267:
2260:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2169:
2167:
2166:
2159:
2152:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2103:
2102:
2099:
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1419:Puntofijo Pact
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1399:1902–03 crisis
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1088:Panamá América
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530:Nicolás Maduro
527:
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520:Claudio Fermín
517:
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504:Luis Miquilena
497:Nicolás Maduro
486:Main article:
483:
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431:Claudio Fermín
410:
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299:Rafael Caldera
275:Main article:
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244:which enabled
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2015:
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1777:Justice First
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177:Meeting place
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19:
2613:Sint Maarten
2539:Dependencies
2171:Legislatures
2082:coat of arms
1959:Demographics
1903:Oil industry
1893:Cooperatives
1782:Popular Will
1627:Constitution
1479:Coups d'état
1429:El Porteñazo
1404:World War II
1283:
1259:. Retrieved
1255:the original
1245:
1240:. pp. 31-41.
1238:Wilpert 2007
1233:
1226:Kozloff 2006
1221:
1211:22 September
1209:. Retrieved
1205:the original
1200:
1190:
1180:22 September
1178:. Retrieved
1171:
1162:
1152:22 September
1150:. Retrieved
1143:
1134:
1124:22 September
1122:. Retrieved
1118:the original
1113:
1104:
1094:22 September
1092:. Retrieved
1086:
1073:
1063:22 September
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1044:
1040:
1030:
1020:22 September
1018:. Retrieved
1014:the original
1001:
997:
987:
975:. Retrieved
961:
951:22 September
949:. Retrieved
943:
920:22 September
918:. Retrieved
912:
902:
892:22 September
890:. Retrieved
884:
874:
864:22 September
862:. Retrieved
858:the original
845:
841:
813:. Retrieved
809:
799:
788:. Retrieved
784:
774:
762:
750:
739:. Retrieved
735:
725:
700:
695:
683:
656:
650:
638:
614:
605:
535:Alfredo Peña
525:Willian Lara
476:
457:
428:
420:
414:Cecilia Sosa
406:
401:Cecilia Sosa
397:
382:
370:
365:
362:
318:
314:
296:
292:dictatorship
280:
250:
217:
215:
152:
151:
131:
2598:Puerto Rico
2545:territories
2490:Saint Lucia
2420:El Salvador
1979:Immigration
1866:Agriculture
1527:Earthquakes
1389:1895 crisis
1379:Federal War
1349:New Granada
1261:30 December
553: [
506:(President)
447:Fedecamaras
389:coup d'état
306: [
2638:Categories
2593:Montserrat
2395:Costa Rica
2042:Literature
1974:Healthcare
1474:Civil wars
815:2020-01-01
790:2020-01-01
767:Jones 2007
755:Jones 2007
741:2020-01-01
718:Jones 2007
688:Jones 2007
675:1079327788
643:Jones 2007
597:References
468:unicameral
283:referendum
271:Background
153:Opposition
132:Government
85:Leadership
2588:Greenland
2520:Venezuela
2465:Nicaragua
2435:Guatemala
2350:Argentina
2241:Venezuela
2186:Argentina
2009:Squatting
1989:Languages
1969:Education
1928:Transport
1876:Companies
1787:A New Era
1669:President
1662:President
1632:Elections
1493:Geography
1325:Venezuela
1145:NotiTarde
1053:0303-9757
1010:0303-9757
854:0303-9757
757:. p. 241.
720:. p. 240.
690:. p. 239.
645:. p. 238.
633:. p. 130.
464:bicameral
234:Venezuela
104:Structure
91:President
2553:Anguilla
2500:Suriname
2475:Paraguay
2450:Honduras
2405:Dominica
2390:Colombia
2360:Barbados
2231:Suriname
2221:Paraguay
2206:Colombia
2124:Category
2062:Religion
2004:Refugees
1964:Diaspora
1871:Currency
1752:Tupamaro
1696:In exile
1652:Missions
1647:Military
1571:Politics
1434:Caracazo
1329:articles
1228:. p. 94.
1041:Politeia
998:Politeia
842:Politeia
563:See also
411:—
232:held in
2578:Curaçao
2563:Bermuda
2515:Uruguay
2455:Jamaica
2430:Grenada
2415:Ecuador
2370:Bolivia
2355:Bahamas
2257:Curaçao
2236:Uruguay
2211:Ecuador
2191:Bolivia
2108:Outline
2072:Symbols
2037:Cuisine
2024:Culture
1942:Society
1923:Tourism
1854:Economy
1713:Parties
1684:Cabinet
1615:Regions
1522:Climate
1505:Borders
1337:History
977:17 June
222:Spanish
202:Website
196:Caracas
70:History
2543:other
2470:Panama
2460:Mexico
2440:Guyana
2425:France
2380:Canada
2375:Brazil
2365:Belize
2271:France
2216:Guyana
2196:Brazil
2129:Portal
2077:anthem
2032:Cinema
1898:Energy
1620:States
1510:Cities
1459:Crisis
1327:
1051:
1008:
852:
673:
663:
460:recall
331:, the
255:, and
168:
159:
146:
137:
2558:Aruba
2445:Haiti
2385:Chile
2250:Aruba
2201:Chile
2115:Index
2067:Sport
2057:Music
2047:Media
2014:Women
1954:Crime
1881:PDVSA
1827:COPEI
1542:Flora
1537:Fauna
557:]
408:dead.
345:Copei
310:]
294:."
142:(121)
109:Seats
2480:Peru
2400:Cuba
2226:Peru
2087:flag
1674:List
1598:LGBT
1263:2006
1213:2011
1182:2011
1154:2011
1126:2011
1096:2011
1065:2011
1049:ISSN
1022:2011
1006:ISSN
979:2015
953:2011
922:2011
894:2011
866:2011
850:ISSN
671:OCLC
661:ISBN
441:and
351:and
216:The
56:Type
51:Type
2541:and
2173:in
1886:CVG
164:(4)
112:131
2640::
1271:^
1199:.
1170:.
1142:.
1112:.
1085:.
1045:26
1043:.
1039:.
1002:26
1000:.
996:.
970:.
942:.
930:^
911:.
883:.
846:26
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840:.
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708:^
669:.
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1024:.
981:.
955:.
924:.
896:.
868:.
818:.
793:.
744:.
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220:(
20:)
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