757:, where 50 homes were destroyed and one was swept cleanly from its foundation at F5 intensity. Several vehicles were picked up and tossed nearly 0.25 mi (0.40 km) away from their previous location. According to local police, an airplane wing, believed to have been from an airport in Grady County (possibly lofted into the storm's updraft when the supercell's sixth tornado hit Chickasha Municipal Airport), was found near Country Place Estates. Then, the powerful tornado struck the densely populated Greenbriar Eastlake Estates at F5 intensity, killing three people and reducing entire rows of homes to rubble. In one instance, four adjacent homes were completely destroyed, with only concrete slabs remaining, warranting an F5 rating at that location. Three other homes in this housing division also received F5 damage, with the remaining destruction rated high-end F4. Severe debarking of trees was noted in this area. At the Emerald Springs Apartments, three more people were killed and a two-story apartment building was mostly flattened at F5 intensity.
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moved to the main building, sheltering in reinforced hallways and bathrooms. Ultimately, Westmoore High sustained heavy damage and dozens of cars that were in the school's parking lot were tossed around, some of which were completely destroyed or thrown into nearby homes. No injuries took place at the school, though a horse was found dead between a couple of destroyed cars in this area. The tornado proceeded through additional densely populated areas of Moore shortly thereafter, where several large groups of homes were flattened in residential areas, with a mixture of high-end F4 and low-end F5 damage noted in the survey. Near
Janeway Avenue, four people were killed in an area where multiple homes were completely destroyed. A woman, who took shelter with her husband and two children, was also killed when she was blown out from under the Shields overpass on I-35. The tornado weakened somewhat as it moved through the Highland Park neighborhood of Moore, but still caused widespread F3 and F4 damage.
507:, an extreme value well above the climatological threshold favoring the development of severe thunderstorms. Despite conflicting model data on the specified area where thunderstorms would develop, the newly available information that denoted a more favorable severe thunderstorm setup in that part of the state prompted the SPC to upgrade the forecasted threat of severe weather to a moderate risk for south-central Kansas, much of the western two-thirds of Oklahoma, and the northwestern and north-central portions of Texas at 11:15 a.m. CDT that morning, which now indicated that the atmospheric conditions present would "provide sufficient shear for a few strong or violent tornadic supercells given the abundant low level moisture and the high instability." The increasing threat of a severe weather/tornado outbreak for late that afternoon into the evening was reemphasized by NWS Norman forecasters in a Thunderstorm Outlook issued by the office at 12:30 p.m. CDT.
902:, were destroyed. While some of the damage through this area was rated high-end F4, low-end F5 was considered. The tornado then continued into another residential area located between Southeast 15th and Reno Avenue, where three fatalities occurred. Damage consistent with high-end F4 wind speeds was inflicted to four homes in this area. Two of these homes were located between Southeast 11th and 12th Streets, near Buena Vista, and the other two homes were located on Will Rogers Road, just south of Southeast 15th. Damage then diminished rapidly to F0/F1 strength as the tornado crossed Reno Avenue, before dissipating three blocks north of Reno, between Sooner Road and Air Depot Boulevard (south of the Midwest City–Oklahoma City line). Throughout Oklahoma County, 12 people were killed and 234 others were injured while losses amounted to $ 450 million.
692:. David Andra, a meteorologist at the NWS Norman office, said that, in drafting the enhanced warning, he wanted to "paint the picture that a rare and deadly tornado was imminent in the metro area." For its initial usage, the enhanced wording was released as part of a standalone Severe Weather Statement (NWS code: SVS), which were (and still are) normally meant to update the public on an existing tornado warning or severe thunderstorm warning. For tornado warnings, the SVS provides updated information on the approximate location of the storm's base-level rotation or, if it occurred after the initial warning was issued, a tornado reported by the public, civil defense personnel or storm spotters, or with the later advent of
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not designed to withstand such forces" and in some cases, were due to improper construction techniques and "poor selection" of materials used in their construction. The report acknowledged that federal construction code requirements needed to be revised above the then-current minimum standards to allow newer buildings to better withstand higher wind speeds consistent with tornadoes of lesser intensity than the one that devastated Bridge Creek and Moore, thereby lessening the degree of damage, fatalities and injuries that are probable in buildings of typically less reinforced construction.
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886:, affecting a large business district. Approximately 800 vehicles at Hudiburg Auto Group were damaged, located just south of I-40. Hundreds of vehicles at the dealership were moved from their original location on the lot, and dozens of vehicles (including 30 awaiting tune-ups or repairs at Morris' Auto Machine and Supply, and an unoccupied Mid-Del School District bus) were picked up and tossed northward across the interstate into several motels, being carried a distance of approximately two-tenths of a mile. Numerous motels and other businesses, including
283:, United States while near peak intensity, along with surrounding suburbs and towns to the south and southwest of the city during the early evening of Monday, May 3, 1999. Parts of Bridge Creek were rendered unrecognizable. The tornado covered 38 miles (61 km) during its 85-minute existence, destroying thousands of homes, killing 36 people (plus an additional five indirectly), and leaving US$ 1 billion (1999 USD) in damage, ranking it as the fifth-costliest on record not accounting for inflation. Its severity prompted the first-ever use of the
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section of a sewer pipe that was blown into the interior hallway of one house through the front door. The team's findings also revealed that several homes were obliterated before they experienced the full impact of the vortex's peak wind velocities, with some disintegrating as the external winds surrounding the parent tornado reached speeds of F2 intensity. Three months later, as homes were being built in the damage path, Marshall found their construction to be scarcely superior to that of the homes destroyed in the May 3 storm.
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wound in an apparent reaction to losing his home in the tornado. According to the
Oklahoma Department of Health, an estimated 583 people were injured by the tornado, accounting for those who did not go to the hospital or were unaccounted for. A total of 8,132 homes, 1,041 apartments, 260 businesses, eleven public buildings, and seven churches were damaged or destroyed. Estimated damage costs totaled $ 1.2 billion, making it the first recorded tornado to exceed $ 1 billion in total estimated damages.
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shrubs were completely debarked. A few of these homes were bolted to their foundations. Approximately 200 houses and mobile homes were destroyed, and hundreds of other structures were damaged. The
Ridgecrest Baptist Church in Bridge Creek was also destroyed in the process. Extensive ground scouring occurred, and vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards from where they originated, including a mangled pickup truck that was found wrapped around a telephone pole. About one inch (25 mm) of
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720:, the tornado moved into McClain County, where it crossed the highway twice at F4 intensity, killing a woman who was blown out from an underpass where she was attempting to seek shelter after being dragged down the embankment by the intense channeling winds; her 11-year-old son − with whom the woman vacated their stalled car nearby − survived, staying held tight onto the steel
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668:; all fatalities and the majority of injuries were concentrated in the Willow Lake and Southern Hills Additions and Bridge Creek Estates, consisting mostly of mobile homes. Over 39 people were injured in the area as well. Continuing northeastward, the tornado briefly weakened to F4 status before re-strengthening to F5 intensity as it neared the Grady-
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classification for an "inconceivable tornado", with a wind speed in excess of 318 mph (512 km/h), but no tornado ever produced winds officially at or above 319 mph (513 km/h). The United States
National Weather Service has officially maintained that the Bridge Creek–Moore tornado is an F5 tornado, and will not be reclassified F6.
637:, attaining F4 strength about 4 miles (6.4 km) east-northeast of Amber. It quickly became a wedge tornado, varying between one-quarter and one mile (0.40 and 1.61 km) in width at various points throughout the track. Damage consistent with this rating was sustained over the following 6.5 miles (10.5 km) of the path before striking
1079:. According to FEMA, more than 9,500 residents applied for federal aid during the allocated period in the wake of the tornadoes. Most of the applicants lived in Oklahoma and Cleveland counties, 3,800 and 3,757 persons respectively. In all, disaster recovery aid for the tornadoes amounted to roughly $ 67.8 million by the end of July 2.
972:(channel 9) – each of which provided continuous coverage of the outbreak that spawned the Bridge Creek–Moore tornado and its ensuing aftermath from the event's start on the afternoon of May 3 through the evening of May 4 – have long relied on state-of-the-art radar technology and visual confirmation from news helicopters and in-house
585:-like horizontal area of convective clouds that developed during peak surface heating over southwestern Oklahoma, located well ahead of the dry line that was still positioned farther to the west, which provided enhanced lift and speed shear necessary to develop the supercell. Tracking northeast, the storm strengthened and entered
753:, reaching F5 intensity for a third time. Some of the most severe damage took place in Cleveland County, mainly in Moore, where 11 people were killed and 293 others were injured. The tornado caused an estimated $ 450 million in damage across the county. The first area impacted in Moore was the Country Place Estates
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the country traveled to
Oklahoma to help residents recover; 1,000 of these volunteers were sent to Bridge Creek to clean up debris, cut trees, sort donations and cook meals. With a $ 452,199 grant from FEMA, a 60-day outreach program for victims suffering tornado-related stress was set up to help them cope with trauma.
535:− a bank of which had developed in west Texas and overspread portions of Oklahoma later in the morning − were present through much of the day, an area of clearing skies over western north Texas and southwestern Oklahoma early that afternoon allowed for the sun to heat up the moisture-laden region, creating significant
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Engineers, roughly 500,000 cubic yards (382,277 m³) of debris was left behind and would likely take weeks to clear. Within the first few days of the disaster declaration, relief funds began being sent to families who requested aid. By May 9, roughly $ 180,000 had been approved by FEMA for disaster housing assistance.
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for farmers and ranchers who suffered severe losses from the tornadoes was also available by June 3. After more than a month of being open, emergency shelters were set to be closed on June 18. On June 21, an educational road show made by FEMA visited the hardest hit areas in
Oklahoma to urge residents to build
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determined that many of the frame homes that were destroyed by the Bridge Creek−Moore tornado were constructed below minimal residential building code standards, discovering some structural deficiencies that violated codes, which were considered to be inadequate for regions prone to tornadic activity
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Applications for federal aid continued through June, with state approvals reaching $ 54 million on June 3. By this date, the Army Corps of
Engineers reported that 964,170 cubic yards (737,160 m³), roughly 58%, of the 1.65 million cubic yards (126 ha-m) of debris had been removed. Assistance
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opened ten shelters overnight across central
Oklahoma, housing 1,600 people immediately following the disaster. By May 5, this number had lowered to 500. Throughout May 5, several post-disaster teams from FEMA were deployed to the region, including emergency response and preliminary damage assessment
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for western and central
Oklahoma, effective from 4:45 p.m. until 10:00 p.m. CDT that evening, for the threat of tornadoes, hail up to three inches (7.6 cm) in diameter, wind gusts to 80 mph (130 km/h) and intense lightning. As that happened, the first thunderstorm cell of the
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alongside other bystanders who found themselves in the path of the tornado – gave the public misunderstanding that overpasses provided shelter from tornadoes. For nearly twenty years, meteorologists had questioned the safety of these structures; however, they lacked incidents involving loss of life.
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and
Oklahoma − were eligible for federal financial assistance. By May 13, roughly $ 1.6 million in disaster funds had been approved for housing and businesses loans. This quickly rose to more than $ 5.9 million over the following five days. By May 21, more than 3,000 volunteers from across
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were evacuated to storage areas in the basement of the building. Numerous industrial buildings were leveled in this area of the city. A freight railroad car, weighing 36,000 pounds (16,000 kg) was thrown 0.75 miles (1.21 km). The car bounced as it traveled, remaining airborne for 50 to 100
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intensified over the region (as confirmed by an unscheduled balloon sounding flight conducted by the NWS Norman office), creating a highly unstable atmosphere. The sounding balloon recorded winds blowing southwesterly at 20 and 50 mph (32 and 80 km/h) respectively at the surface and at the
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The FEMA corroborated with Doswell and Marshall's findings in its Building Performance Assessment Team Report on the May 3 outbreak, noting that much of the structural damage resulted from strong winds generated by the tornado and associated windborne debris that often "produced forces on buildings
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that secured the frame to their foundations, as was the case at Country Place Estates, where the homes − which left a trail of debris strewn 3,000 feet (910 m) away from their location − were attached to the concrete foundations by tapered cut nails that extended only a half-inch to the bases;
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Over the following four years, a $ 12 million project to construct storm shelters for residents across the Oklahoma City metropolitan area was enacted. The goal was to create a safer community in a tornado-prone region. By May 2003, a total of 6,016 safe rooms were constructed. On May 9, 2003,
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on April 9, 1947. It was also the deadliest tornado ever recorded in the Oklahoma City metropolitan area; the previous record was held by an F4 tornado that affected southwestern portions of the city on June 12, 1942, which killed 31 people and caused $ 500,000 in damage ($ 13.6 million in 2024 USD
867:, the tornado moved through the highly populated Del Aire housing addition, killing six people and damaging or destroying hundreds of homes, with many sustaining F3 to F4 damage. Seven people were killed as a direct result of the tornado in Del City, and hundreds of homes were damaged or destroyed.
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Safety precautions were also enacted elsewhere in and near the storm's path; council members and citizens at Moore City Hall − where a council meeting was scheduled to be held that evening − sheltered in place in the building's first-floor restrooms, away from the multiple large-pane windows at its
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It is officially accepted that the rating for this tornado is F5; however, a ±20 mph (32 km/h) wind speed ambiguity from initial estimates has occasionally led some people to suggest that this tornado may have briefly been an F6 tornado. On the original Fujita Scale, F6 was a theoretical
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Marshall discovered other building and vehicle remains that became debris missiles, including a twisted 36-inch (0.91 m) steel beam, a steel leg broken off of a lawn chair that was impaled into a 5-by-5-inch (13 cm × 13 cm) post by the violent winds and a six-foot (180 cm)
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As the tornado entered Cleveland County, NWS Norman activated emergency procedures, preparing to evacuate staff and others present at the facility in the event that the supercell should turn right, placing areas surrounding the Norman campus in the tornado's path (under NOAA protocol in situations
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the following day (May 4) allowing the state to receive federal aid. In the following months, disaster aid amounted to $ 67.8 million. Reconstruction projects in subsequent years led to a safer, tornado-ready community. However, on May 20, 2013, nearby areas adjacent to the 1999 storm's track
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Indeed, the May 1999 tornado outbreak proved concerns that highway overpasses were dangerous places to seek shelter during a tornado, as three overpasses were directly struck by tornadoes, with a fatality taking place at each one. Two of these were from the F5 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado while the
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Thirty-six people were killed as a direct result of the storm and five more died of indirect causes in the hours following it; most of the indirect deaths were due to heart attacks or injuries suffered while trying to seek shelter. One survivor was uninjured but died from a self-inflicted gunshot
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Just outside the Eastlake Estates, an honors ceremony was being held at Westmoore High School at the time of the tornado. Adequate warning time allowed those at the school to seek shelter, however, and more than 400 adults and students attending the awards ceremony at the school's auditorium were
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Damage in Bridge Creek was extreme, as many homes were swept away completely, leaving only concrete slabs where the structures once stood. Damage surveyors noted that the remaining structural debris from some of the homes in this area was finely granulated into small fragments, and that trees and
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data failed to detect the fast-moving air current as it moved ashore from the Pacific Ocean. In addition, the dry line was diffused, with surface winds behind and ahead of the boundary moving into the region from a southerly direction. SPC meteorologists began to recalculate model data during the
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At 3:49 p.m. CDT, the SPC − having gathered enough data to surmise that there was a credible threat of a significant severe weather outbreak occurring within the next few hours − amended its Day 1 Convective Outlook to place the western nine-tenths of the main body of Oklahoma, central and
1143:, as tornadic winds were accelerated in the confined space of each of the overpasses that the tornadoes passed through, increasing the chances that those riding out the tornado would be blown out at high speeds even if they tried to anchor themselves to the girders. According to a study by the
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were deployed throughout the affected region. The American Red Cross had set up ten mobile feeding stations by this time and stated that 30 more were en route. On May 8, a disaster recovery center was opened in Moore for individuals recovering from the tornadoes. According to the Army Corps of
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tornado watch for much of the central third of Oklahoma, effective from 7:15 p.m. until midnight CDT on the early morning of May 4; the SPC watch product discussion noted that the extreme instability compensated for "somewhat marginal" wind shear to enhance the threat of strong to violent
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The tornado entered Oklahoma County and struck the southeast fringes of Oklahoma City, where it re-intensified to high-end F4 strength; two people were killed in this area as a building housing a trucking company was completely destroyed. Shortly before it tracked into the county, patrons and
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at 4:50 p.m. CDT; one minute later, a small tornado roughly 25 yards (75 ft) in diameter − the first of fourteen associated with supercell "A" (NWS Norman designated lettered names for the three tornado-producing supercells in the outbreak in storm surveys) − developed seven miles
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and storm damage engineer/meteorologist Tim Marshall, determined that nails attached to a plywood roof deck in one damaged home were not properly anchored to the rafters; several homes in rural areas that were swept nearly 300 feet (91 m) from their original location did not have
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as the northern edge of the supercell (containing hail up to 1.25 inches (3.2 cm), straight-line wind gusts up to 70 mph (110 km/h), and moderate to heavy rain) approached the area; the tornado turned right, away from southwestern parts of the city proper located within
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NWS researchers estimated that the death toll from the storm would likely have exceeded 600 had it not been for the advanced warning through local television and radio stations and proper safety precautions being exercised by area residents. Because Oklahoma has historically been
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south-central Kansas and the northern two-thirds of Texas under a high severe weather risk, denoting a higher than normal probability of strong (F2+) tornadoes within the risk area. About 40 minutes after the revised outlook's issuance, at 4:30 p.m. CDT, the SPC issued a
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In the aforementioned 1991 footage, the subjects were able to safely ride out the tornado due to an unlikely combination of events: the storm in question was a weak tornado, the tornado did not directly strike the overpass, and the overpass itself was of a unique design.
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From a meteorological and safety standpoint, the tornado also brought into question the use of highway overpasses as shelters. Prior to the events on May 3, 1999, videos of people taking shelter in overpasses during tornadoes in the past – most notably one filmed near
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line, where a car was thrown roughly 0.25 mi (0.40 km) in the air, and a well-built home with anchor bolts was reduced to a bare slab. At this time, it had attained a width of one mile (1.6 km), having grown to its largest width after crossing the
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in the region spawned an F4 tornado, which took a path similar to that of the Bridge Creek–Moore tornado. Due to the higher standards for public safety, no one was killed by the 2003 tornado, a substantial improvement in just four years. On May 20, 2013, an
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impacted some of the same areas affected by the 1999 storm, tracking through the heart of Moore. Throughout the city, 24 people were killed (along with one additional person who died as an indirect result of the tornado) and more than 230 were injured.
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posing a danger to personnel at local Weather Forecast Offices and related guidance centers, responsibility over the issuance of warnings and statements on the unfolding outbreak would have been transferred to the nearest NWS Forecast Office, based in
700:. (In future issuances, tornado emergencies were issued within either the initial tornado warning issuance or an SVS providing updated information on a tornado warning already in effect.) Two minutes later, at 6:59 p.m. CDT, the SPC issued a
1160:(under federal building code standards, frame homes that were properly strapped and bolted would have withstood winds between 152 and 157 mph (245 and 253 km/h), equivalent to an F3 tornado). The team, led by meteorological researcher
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near the 1999 storm track on May 20, 2013. In addition, this was the 50th and final tornado in the United States to be rated F5 on the original Fujita-Scale before the current Enhanced Fujita-Scale was implemented on February 1, 2007.
681:, reported during the station's live coverage of the storm that the tornado was at least one mile wide, and was embedded (or "rain-wrapped") in the precipitation core associated with the main circulation, making it difficult to see.
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over the region was weakening in southwestern Oklahoma and north Texas. With the warm air above the surface cooling down, this allowed warm air at the surface the chance to rise and potentially create thunderstorms. Although
1345:"Flexible Array of Radars and Mesonets (FARM) statement concerning preliminary peak wind speed determinations based on Doppler On Wheels (DOW) data obtained in the Greenfield, Iowa tornado of 21 May 2024 section more detail"
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morning to account for the stronger wind profiles caused by the jet streak; the data acknowledged that thunderstorms would occur within the Central Plains, but disagreed on the exact area of greatest severe weather risk.
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signed a major disaster declaration for eleven Oklahoma counties (including the four that were affected by the Bridge Creek–Moore tornado, Cleveland, McClain, Grady and Oklahoma) on May 4. In a press statement by the
617:. Five more tornadoes developed as the storm continued northeast; a sixth one, which would be given an F3 rating, formed a short time later and caused substantial damage in central Grady County, including some to the
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Debris removal finally began on May 12 as seven cleanup teams were sent to the region, more were expected to join over the following days. That day, FEMA also declared that seven counties − Canadian, Craig, Grady,
732:; it was rated as an F0 due to lack of damage. In McClain County, 38 homes and two businesses were destroyed and 40 homes, some of which were leveled at F4 intensity, were flattened; seventeen people were injured.
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Continuing search and rescue efforts for thirteen people who were listed as missing through May 7 were assisted by urban search and rescue dogs from across the country. Nearly 1,000 members of the Oklahoma
947:, on April 27, 2011, causing an estimated $ 2.45 billion in damage. As of 2015, the Bridge Creek–Moore tornado is the fourth-costliest tornado, having also been surpassed by the EF5 tornadoes that hit
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many homes that were left at least partially standing also had their garage doors (mainly those made from aluminum material) collapse inward, allowing the tornado's destructive winds to enter the houses.
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and weakened to F2 intensity. By this time, it had entered the south side of Oklahoma City. Several minutes after entering the county, it re-attained F4 status, and then moved directly into the city of
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As it was becoming clear that a particularly violent tornado was moving into some of the most densely populated areas of central Oklahoma, around 6:57 p.m. CDT, NWS Norman issued the first-ever
1242:− a chronological list of the tornadoes (as compiled in National Weather Service damage surveys and local storm reports) that occurred over the seven-day period of the outbreak from May 2 to 8, 1999
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of the overpass. A man who helped the mother and son up the overpass suffered severe injuries to his leg, which was partially sliced by a highway sign thrown by the winds. At 7:10 p.m. CDT, a
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before dissipating around 7:48 p.m. just outside Midwest City. A total of 8,132 homes, 1,041 apartments, 260 businesses, eleven public buildings, and seven churches were damaged or destroyed.
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in southern Oklahoma City and northern Moore became backed up for several miles, as drivers evacuated from their vehicles to seek shelter under overpass overlooking South Shields Boulevard.
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initially recorded winds of 301 mph (484 km/h) within the tornado at Bridge Creek – subsequent reanalysis in 2021 revised this value to 321 mph (517 km/h), the highest
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12,000-foot (3,700 m) level, southerly winds of 40 mph (64 km/h) and westerly winds of 20 mph (32 km/h) at 20,000 feet (6,100 m); it also indicated that a
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yards (46 to 91 m) at a time. Multiple homes were also completely destroyed in southeast Oklahoma City, and one woman was killed in that area. Crossing Southeast 44th Street into
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1139:, north-northeast of Oklahoma City; many other serious to life-threatening injuries also occurred at these locations. The casualties at the three overpasses are attributed to the
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for Comanche County, as the initial storm continued to rapidly intensify over the southern half of the county; there, hail up to 1.75 inches (4.4 cm) in diameter fell.
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imagery and balloon soundings, as the computer models remained uncooperative in helping meteorologists determine where the greatest threat of severe storms would occur.
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on May 3 alone, along with an additional 25 that touched down a day later in some of the areas affected by the previous day's activity (some of which were spawned by
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ever recorded on Earth. Since the record for maximum winds are reported from only non-tornadic events, however, the 254 mph (409 km/h) wind gust from
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SPC forecasters initially underestimated the atmospheric conditions that would support tornadic development that afternoon and evening. Around 4:00 a.m.
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306:. It quickly intensified into a violent F4, and gradually reached F5 status after traveling 6.5 miles (10.5 km), at which time it struck the town of
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fleets to cover severe weather events. The three network-affiliated stations, other local media outlets and the NWS also routinely conduct various
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428:, approximately 10 miles (16 km) south of the tornado's eventual damage path – issued a slight risk of severe thunderstorms from southern
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into western Texas that was approaching a warm, humid air-mass over the Central Plains; the condition ahead of the dry line and a connecting
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1367:"Comparison of Tornado Damage Characteristics to Low-Altitude WSR-88D Radar Observations and Implications for Tornado Intensity Estimation"
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The foundation of a house in Bridge Creek that was completely destroyed, with severe debarking and ground scouring visible on the property.
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stated that, "The President is deeply concerned about the tragic loss of life and destruction caused by these devastating storms." The
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The thunderstorm that eventually produced the F5 tornado began developing around 3:20 p.m. CDT that afternoon over northeastern
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Large-scale search and rescue operations immediately took place in the affected areas. A major disaster declaration was signed by
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amid concerns that the storm would jog northward and place Oklahoma City itself in the tornado's path. Flights were grounded at
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385:. The most prolific tornadic activity associated with the May 3 outbreak – and the multi-day outbreak as a whole – occurred in
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into the southern Oklahoma City limits. The tornado then became quickly rain-wrapped; Jim Gardner, then-helicopter pilot for
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At 6:23 p.m. CDT, a ninth tornado associated with supercell "A" began about two miles (3.2 km) south-southwest of
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Approximate tracks of the supercells during the outbreak. The supercell that spawned the F5 tornado is marked "A" in green.
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symposiums to ensure residents undertake precautions in the event a tornado or other severe weather affects their area.
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393:'s "strong" (F2–F3) and "violent" (F4–F5) categories, which, in addition to the areas struck by the Bridge Creek–Moore
389:; 14 of the 66 tornadoes that occurred within the state that afternoon and evening produced damage consistent with the
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By the early afternoon hours, forecasters at both the SPC and NWS Norman (both of which shared an office complex near
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and wind profile data indicated a 90-knot (100 mph; 170 km/h) streak of elevated jet stream winds along the
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at the time), realized that a major event was likely to take place based solely on observational data from radar and
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2870:"Almost 9,500 Oklahomans Register For Disaster Recovery Aid More Than $ 67.8 Million in Grants And Loans Approved"
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3188:− a meteorological outline of the outbreak by the National Weather Service forecast office in Norman, Oklahoma
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1990:
1417:
1254:– a destructive EF5 tornado with similarly high radar-measured wind speeds that affected areas west and north
3554:
3549:
3524:
3509:
3484:
3454:
2129:
1679:
818:
610:
536:
421:
402:
3757:
3464:
3444:
3388:
3288:
3283:
3268:
3248:
3243:
2275:
1384:
1371:
1136:
1067:
1063:
992:
Urban search and rescue teams were deployed to help search for missing persons in the wake of the tornado.
875:
786:
638:
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601:
327:
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299:
229:
213:
193:
65:
4050:
3313:
3258:
2977:
1954:
1197:
1156:
931:
when adjusted for inflation). It was the costliest tornado in U.S. history until it was surpassed by an
871:
838:, shortly before airport officials began evacuating employees and visitors at the terminals. Traffic on
826:
810:
798:
778:
464:
346:
146:
40:
3053:
Daniel J. Miller; Charles A. Doswell III; Harold E. Brooks; Gregory J. Stumpf; Erik Rasmussen (1999).
3026:
Daniel J. Miller; Charles A. Doswell III; Harold E. Brooks; Gregory J. Stumpf; Erik Rasmussen (1999).
2999:
Daniel J. Miller; Charles A. Doswell III; Harold E. Brooks; Gregory J. Stumpf; Erik Rasmussen (1999).
2308:
1260:− a similarly destructive, but less deadly EF5 tornado that affected nearby areas fourteen years later
870:
The tornado then crossed Sooner Road, and subsequently damaged an entry gate and several buildings at
3504:
3373:
3358:
3353:
3338:
3328:
3238:
1516:
1263:
977:
794:
445:
180:
3055:"Highway Overpasses as Tornado Shelters: Highway Overpasses Are Inadequate Tornado Sheltering Areas"
2051:
1647:
1450:. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Norman, Oklahoma. April 28, 2014. Archived from
910:
3855:
3559:
3459:
3449:
3403:
3348:
3323:
3318:
1719:
948:
940:
936:
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3469:
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1089:
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952:
927:
899:
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774:
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342:
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225:
882:
Complex and damaging two others. Widespread F3/F4 damage continued as the tornado moved across
3687:
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1887:
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1727:
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642:
641:. There, it attained the highest-possible rating on the Fujita Scale, F5. Within this area, a
527:
515:
410:
398:
382:
295:
284:
268:
243:
96:
2922:
1805:
1711:
1147:(NOAA), seeking shelter in an overpass "is to become a stationary target for flying debris."
365:. The map displays surface and upper level atmospheric features associated with the outbreak.
2973:
1524:
1392:
1206:
802:
658:
425:
414:
452:
appeared to favor the development of thunderstorms later that day that would contain large
3875:
3691:
3383:
3077:"FEMA 342, Building Performance Assessment Team Report – Midwest Tornadoes of May 3, 1999"
1192:
1127:
1111:
853:
An American flag blows in the wind next to the remains of a home destroyed by the tornado.
750:
630:
597:
596:
As the supercell's mesocyclonic rotation began to rapidly strengthen at the cloud base, a
574:
480:
406:
315:
303:
264:
217:
77:
2610:"Debris Removal Underway in Oklahoma City, Mulhall, and Choctaw; Stroud Set for Thursday"
1919:. National Weather Service Forecast Office, Norman, Oklahoma. May 3, 2010. Archived from
1827:
1774:
1675:
2899:
1520:
1505:"Low-Level Winds in Tornadoes and Potential Catastrophic Tornado Impacts in Urban Areas"
781:). The supercell, however, continued on a northeastward track, sparing the Norman area.
589:
shortly after 4:00 p.m. CDT. By 4:15 p.m. CDT, the NWS Norman office issued a
2375:
1451:
1140:
1009:
895:
741:
674:
650:
578:
488:
394:
349:, resulting in 24 fatalities and extreme damage in the South Oklahoma City/Moore area.
3054:
3031:
3000:
1752:
1105:
Aerial view of one of the overpasses under which one person was killed by the tornado.
100:
4044:
3308:
1920:
1561:
1248:− a weaker tornado of peak F4 intensity that followed a similar path four years later
973:
961:
891:
789:, spectators attending sporting events held that evening involving two of the city's
693:
614:
544:
521:
Conditions became highly conducive for tornadic development by 1:00 p.m. CDT as
468:
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221:
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2483:
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2431:
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2163:
420:
On the morning of May 3, in its Day 1 Convective Outlook for the United States, the
2558:"Debris Removal Begins; Army Corps of Engineers Targets Public Access and Property"
1583:
1076:
1000:
790:
532:
390:
374:
337:
314:
where it reached F5 intensity for a third time shortly before entering the city of
257:
131:
2690:(Press release). Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 18, 1999. Archived from
2664:(Press release). Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 13, 1999. Archived from
2279:
964:
to tornadic activity, Oklahoma City-area television stations KFOR-TV (channel 4),
556:
2923:"Crews shift from rescue to recovery a day after Oklahoma tornado, official says"
2508:(Press release). Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 7, 1999. Archived from
2456:(Press release). Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 6, 1999. Archived from
2430:(Press release). Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 5, 1999. Archived from
821:– were also evacuated to shelter in an underground storage area connected to the
310:. It fluctuated in strength, ranging from F2 to F5 status before it crossed into
271:(DOW) radar. Considered the strongest tornado ever recorded to have affected the
2100:"The Indefinitive List of the Strongest Tornadoes Ever Recorded (Part I) |"
1448:"Frequently Asked Questions About The May 3, 1999 Bridge Creek/OKC Area Tornado"
1166:
1034:
665:
73:
1186:
The events and survivor accounts of the tornado were profiled in an episode of
267:
ever measured globally was recorded at 321 miles per hour (517 km/h) by a
19:
This article is about the 1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado. For other uses, see
3703:
3185:
3175:
3154:
3139:
Deadly Tornado Sends City Into Extreme Chaos | Critical Rescue S1 EP8 | Wonder
3137:
1753:"Meteorological Summary of the Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of May 3–6, 1999"
1503:
Wurman, Joshua; Alexander, Curtis; Robinson, Paul; Richardson, Yvette (2007).
1266:– the widest tornado on record that impacted nearby areas fourteen years later
646:
522:
472:
3196:
1643:
1365:
Lyza, Anthony W.; Flournoy, Matthew D.; Alford, A. Addison (March 19, 2024).
1155:
Preliminary damage surveys conducted by a group of structural engineers from
1135:
third was from a comparatively less intense F2, which struck a rural area in
3580:
1621:"Storm Data and Unusual Weather Phenomena with Late Reports and Corrections"
1396:
1029:
on standby for assistance. Medical and mortuary teams were also sent by the
457:
378:
773:, while the SPC's forecasting responsibilities would be turned over to the
633:. The tornado quickly intensified in both strength and size as it crossed
4027:
3030:. National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma. p. 5. Archived from
2205:
1917:"The Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of May 3–4, 1999: Storm A Information"
1755:. National Weather Service Forecast Office, Norman, Oklahoma. May 3, 2010
1548:"The Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of May 3–4, 1999: Storm A Information"
1529:
1504:
582:
560:
Visible satellite loops of supercells A (yellow arrow) and B (blue arrow)
504:
449:
437:
429:
386:
280:
209:
2017:"Highest surface wind speed – Tropical Cyclone Olivia sets world record"
708:
3735:
3179:
2964:
2270:
1723:
969:
965:
944:
922:
This was the deadliest tornado recorded in Oklahoma since a long-track
678:
260:
4028:
National Centers for Environmental Information: Storm Events Database
1037:
were being established to create funds for victims of the tornadoes.
879:
721:
476:
441:
2846:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. June 21, 1999. Archived from
2820:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. June 14, 1999. Archived from
381:
that developed on the evening of May 3), stretching eastward to the
2872:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. July 7, 1999. Archived from
2794:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. June 3, 1999. Archived from
2792:"Disaster Assistance is Available to Oklahoma Farmers and Ranchers"
2768:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. June 3, 1999. Archived from
2742:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 21, 1999. Archived from
2716:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 21, 1999. Archived from
2638:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 12, 1999. Archived from
2612:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 12, 1999. Archived from
2898:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 9, 2003. Archived from
2586:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 9, 1999. Archived from
2560:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 7, 1999. Archived from
2534:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 7, 1999. Archived from
2482:. Federal Emergency Management Agency. May 7, 1999. Archived from
1100:
1048:
987:
909:
848:
759:
707:
555:
500:
433:
356:
1804:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
805:(which was suspended during the second inning) and Game 2 of the
302:, roughly two miles (3.2 km) south-southwest of the town of
1201:
1123:
453:
3707:
3584:
3200:
3028:"Highway Overpasses as Tornado Shelters: Events on May 3, 1999"
2921:
Chelsea J. Carter; Brian Todd; Michael Pearson (May 21, 2013).
2058:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. May 3, 1999.
548:
unfolding event had already formed over southwestern Oklahoma.
2969:
2927:
2818:"Disaster Recovery Centers To Close in Bridge Creek And Dover"
1994:
1425:
1119:
1053:
Residents search for belongings in the remains of their homes.
373:
which produced 71 tornadoes across five states throughout the
1676:"Severe Weather Outlook at 6:30 a.m. CDT on May 3, 1999"
1126:(channel 3), who decided to shelter under an overpass on the
2740:"Help Available To Those Coping With Tornado-Related Stress"
2378:. National Weather Service Forecast Office, Norman, Oklahoma
3003:. National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma. p. 1.
2302:"The 1999 Oklahoma Tornado Outbreak: 10-Year Retrospective"
2132:. National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma. May 3, 1999
996:
Following the destructive and widespread tornado outbreak,
2636:"Seven Oklahoma Counties Get Expanded Disaster Assistance"
2162:(2). National Weather Service. Spring 2004. Archived from
2078:
National Weather Service Forecast Office, Norman, Oklahoma
1993:. Center for Severe Weather Research. 2010. Archived from
1802:
National Weather Service Forecast Office, Norman, Oklahoma
1553:
National Weather Service Forecast Office, Norman, Oklahoma
212:; with the worst impacts occurring in the towns/cities of
3057:. National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma. p. 6
2019:. World Records Academy. January 26, 2010. Archived from
664:
Twelve people died in Bridge Creek, nine of whom were in
4032:
Storm Prediction Center: The 10 Costliest U.S. Tornadoes
1971:. National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma. May 3, 1999
1945:. National Weather Service Norman, Oklahoma. May 3, 1999
3156:
The World's Deadliest Tornadoes | Mega Disaster | Spark
2532:"FEMA and State Open Disaster Recovery Center in Moore"
2480:"FEMA Sends Urban Search & Rescue Dogs to Oklahoma"
1590:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2007
1240:
List of tornadoes in the 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak
1228:
List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
3192:
FEMA: Oklahoma Tornadoes, Severe Storms, and Flooding
2376:"Top Ten Deadliest Oklahoma Tornadoes (1875–present)"
2069:
Jim LaDue; Tim Marshall; Kevin Scharfenberg (2012).
1670:
1668:
1233:
List of tornadoes with confirmed satellite tornadoes
581:prevalent in the region, the storm formed out of a
256:was a large, long-lived and exceptionally powerful
189:
175:
167:
159:
154:
138:
123:
115:
107:
91:
84:
3186:The Great Plains Tornado Outbreak of May 3–4, 1999
2584:"First Checks Approved for Oklahoma Storm Victims"
1853:"SPC Watch Archive: Tornado Watches – May 3, 1999"
1847:
1845:
2307:. Risk Management Solutions. 2009. Archived from
2080:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
294:The tornado first touched down at 6:23 p.m.
2398:"President Declares Major Disaster for Oklahoma"
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2227:
2225:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1775:"Severe Weather Outlook for 11:15 a.m. CDT"
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
487:(NWS) offices in the western U.S. and numerical
2960:"Oklahoma twister tracked path of 1999 tornado"
1828:"Severe Weather Outlook for 3:49 p.m. CDT"
1747:
1745:
1743:
1558:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1509:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
1381:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1145:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
696:in the early 2010s, verified by radar-detected
64:View of the tornado near its peak intensity in
2266:"Del City to dedicate tornado victim memorial"
1118:involving a television news crew from Wichita
436:. SPC analysis had detected the presence of a
318:. By 7:30 p.m., the tornado crossed into
275:, the tornado devastated southern portions of
3719:
3596:
3212:
369:The Bridge Creek–Moore tornado was part of a
8:
3111:Storm Warning: The Story of a Killer Tornado
2348:Storm Warning: The Story of a Killer Tornado
2238:Storm Warning: The Story of a Killer Tornado
2202:Storm Warning: The Story of a Killer Tornado
1880:Storm Warning: The Story of a Killer Tornado
1716:Storm Warning: The Story of a Killer Tornado
1584:"The 10 Costliest U.S. Tornadoes since 1950"
1542:
1540:
1270:List of Cleveland County, Oklahoma tornadoes
1083:the new initiative was put to the test as a
1031:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
621:, where roofs were torn off of two hangars.
497:CAPE (convective available potential energy)
28:
4061:1999 natural disasters in the United States
2071:"Discriminating EF4 and EF5 Tornado Damage"
1943:"1999 OUN Severe Thunderstorm Warning #184"
3744:
3726:
3712:
3704:
3603:
3589:
3581:
3219:
3205:
3197:
2714:"Flood of Volunteers Aids Tornado Victims"
2152:"May 3rd, 1999 from the NWS's Perspective"
1274:
483:soundings sent up the previous evening by
111:May 3, 1999, 7:48 pm. CDT (UTC−05:00)
27:
2766:"Oklahoma Disaster Aid Tops $ 54 Million"
2688:"Oklahoma Disaster Recovery News Summary"
2428:"Oklahoma/Kansas Tornado Disaster Update"
1528:
914:Overhead view of damage in Oklahoma City.
728:touched down over an open field north of
600:was issued for the counties of Comanche,
361:A map of the meteorological setup of the
322:and battered southeastern Oklahoma City,
3001:"Highway Overpasses as Tornado Shelters"
2130:"South Oklahoma Metro Tornado Emergency"
2506:"Plains States Tornado Disaster Update"
2052:"Storm Events Database – Event Details"
1979:– via Iowa Environmental Mesonet.
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1333:
1312:
3176:Doppler radar animation of the tornado
3007:from the original on November 13, 2010
2110:from the original on September 3, 2013
1855:. Storm Prediction Center. May 3, 1999
1830:. Storm Prediction Center. May 3, 1999
1777:. Storm Prediction Center. May 3, 1999
76:evident, as it approached the city of
7:
4071:May 1999 events in the United States
2896:"Residents Survive May 2003 Tornado"
1339:
1337:
823:Southwestern Bell Bricktown Ballpark
72:A radar image of the tornado with a
3084:Federal Emergency Management Agency
2402:Federal Emergency Management Agency
1288:Costliest U.S. tornadoes on Record
1006:Federal Emergency Management Agency
874:; it then crossed 29th Street into
2662:"Oklahoma Tornado Disaster Update"
1422:Center for Severe Weather Research
14:
3896:Hackleburg–Phil Campbell, Alabama
2939:from the original on May 22, 2013
1033:. By May 6, donation centers and
878:, destroying one building at the
2844:"Safe Room Show Visits Oklahoma"
702:Particularly Dangerous Situation
625:Bridge Creek–Moore tornado forms
50:
39:
2958:Malcolm Ritter (May 21, 2013).
1796:James Murnan (April 20, 2009).
1474:"DOW Measurements in Tornadoes"
1389:American Meteorological Society
1116:April 26, 1991 tornado outbreak
690:Oklahoma City metropolitan area
609:(11 km) east-northeast of
577:). Despite the lack of overall
565:Supercell thunderstorm develops
254:1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado
29:1999 Bridge Creek–Moore tornado
2454:"Plains States Tornado Update"
1969:"1999 OUN Tornado Warning #37"
1560:. May 22, 2013. Archived from
1097:Highway overpass misconception
951:on May 22, 2011, and areas of
363:1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak
240:1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak
1:
3886:Oklahoma City metro, Oklahoma
3545:Hackleburg–Phil Campbell 2011
2404:. May 4, 1999. Archived from
2278:. May 6, 2008. Archived from
2056:National Climatic Data Center
1636:National Climatic Data Center
1424:. May 3, 1999. Archived from
1252:2011 El Reno–Piedmont tornado
688:for southern portions of the
499:values began exceeding 4,000
448:positioned over northeastern
345:by another large and violent
1027:U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
653:in 1996 retained the title.
643:mobile Doppler weather radar
458:damaging straight-line winds
440:that stretched from western
142:321 mph (517 km/h)
95:May 3, 1999, 6:23 p.m.
16:1999 tornado in Oklahoma, US
2156:The Southern Plains Cyclone
1216:National Geographic Channel
1023:249th Engineering Battalion
894:, Inn Suites, Clarion Inn,
619:Chickasha Municipal Airport
591:severe thunderstorm warning
552:Storm development and track
4097:
3228:F5, EF5, and IF5 tornadoes
2933:Turner Broadcasting System
1955:Iowa Environmental Mesonet
1246:2003 Moore–Choctaw tornado
1019:U.S. Department of Defense
797:baseball game between the
661:was scoured off one road.
460:, and isolated tornadoes.
18:
4022:
3742:
3618:
3612:Tornado outbreaks of 1999
3369:Hansell-Charles City 1968
3234:
2344:"The Twister's Aftermath"
1876:"The Twister's Aftermath"
1798:"Remembering May 3, 1999"
1297:Tuscaloosa–Birmingham, AL
1293:
1286:
1277:
939:and northern portions of
831:Will Rogers World Airport
807:Ray Miron President's Cup
793:teams – a regular season
635:Oklahoma State Highway 92
397:, affected towns such as
235:
128:
33:
2198:"Inside the Bear's Cage"
827:Myriad Convention Center
485:National Weather Service
383:Mississippi River Valley
289:National Weather Service
185:$ 1.8 billion (2024 USD)
3767:Inflation-adjusted cost
2350:. Touchstone. pp.
2240:. Touchstone. pp.
2204:. Touchstone. pp.
1882:. Touchstone. pp.
1680:Storm Prediction Center
1588:Storm Prediction Center
1397:10.1175/MWR-D-23-0242.1
819:Huntsville Channel Cats
694:dual-polarization radar
537:atmospheric instability
495:By 7:00 a.m. CDT,
422:Storm Prediction Center
353:Meteorological synopsis
179:$ 1 billion (1999
145:(as measured by mobile
21:Moore, Oklahoma tornado
3113:. Touchstone. p.
2276:Griffin Communications
1385:University of Oklahoma
1372:Monthly Weather Review
1106:
1054:
1008:(FEMA), then-director
993:
962:climatologically prone
915:
854:
787:downtown Oklahoma City
765:
744:, the tornado entered
713:
561:
512:Max Westheimer Airport
366:
86:Meteorological history
4056:Tornadoes in Oklahoma
3105:Nancy Mathis (2007).
2342:Nancy Mathis (2007).
2234:"A Twister's Journey"
2232:Nancy Mathis (2007).
2196:Nancy Mathis (2007).
1874:Nancy Mathis (2007).
1712:"Searching for Clues"
1710:Nancy Mathis (2007).
1200:), aired in 2003 and
1198:New Dominion Pictures
1157:Texas Tech University
1104:
1052:
991:
926:killed 107 people in
913:
906:Impact and casualties
872:Tinker Air Force Base
852:
815:Oklahoma City Blazers
811:Central Hockey League
779:Offutt Air Force Base
763:
711:
559:
360:
343:were again devastated
296:Central Daylight Time
3901:Wichita Falls, Texas
3891:Nashville, Tennessee
3515:Lawrence County 1998
3034:on February 11, 2017
1923:on February 11, 2017
1564:on February 11, 2017
1530:10.1175/BAMS-88-1-31
1264:2013 El Reno tornado
978:tornado preparedness
795:Pacific Coast League
736:Tornado enters Moore
675:South Canadian River
371:much larger outbreak
4081:Satellite tornadoes
3861:Tuscaloosa, Alabama
3770:(millions 2023 USD)
3304:Ruskin Heights 1957
2931:. Moore, Oklahoma:
2166:on November 8, 2004
2023:on October 17, 2011
1997:on February 5, 2007
1991:"Doppler on Wheels"
1808:on October 12, 2010
1521:2007BAMS...88...31W
1454:on January 27, 2017
1428:on February 5, 2007
1418:"Doppler on Wheels"
809:series between the
740:After crossing the
265:highest wind speeds
30:
3734:10 costliest U.S.
3652:Bridge Creek–Moore
3329:Wichita Falls 1964
3107:"A Tornado's Grip"
1258:2013 Moore tornado
1182:In popular culture
1107:
1055:
1014:American Red Cross
994:
916:
900:Rose State College
898:, and portions of
855:
775:557th Weather Wing
766:
714:
562:
367:
147:Doppler radar
139:Highest winds
119:1 hour, 25 minutes
4066:Tornadoes of 1999
4038:
4037:
4017:
4016:
3771:
3764:
3701:
3700:
3578:
3577:
3540:Philadelphia 2011
3520:Bridge Creek 1999
3399:Valley Mills 1973
3364:Wheelersburg 1968
3124:978-0-7432-8053-2
2400:(Press release).
2361:978-0-7432-8053-2
2282:on March 11, 2014
2251:978-0-7432-8053-2
2215:978-0-7432-8053-2
1893:978-0-7432-8053-2
1733:978-0-7432-8053-2
1653:on March 11, 2014
1484:on April 23, 2019
1304:
1303:
1294:Succeeded by
1281:Wichita Falls, TX
1207:Ultimate Disaster
1188:Discovery Channel
1151:Engineering flaws
799:Oklahoma RedHawks
726:satellite tornado
698:debris signatures
686:tornado emergency
528:capping inversion
516:weather satellite
424:(SPC) – based in
287:statement by the
285:tornado emergency
273:metropolitan area
269:Doppler on Wheels
250:
249:
244:Tornadoes of 1999
4088:
4076:1999 in Oklahoma
3926:October 20, 2019
3856:Joplin, Missouri
3769:
3762:
3745:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3705:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3582:
3535:Parkersburg 2008
3419:Sayler Park 1974
3414:Brandenburg 1974
3299:Hudsonville 1956
3221:
3214:
3207:
3198:
3163:
3157:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3135:
3129:
3128:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3081:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2976:. Archived from
2974:Associated Press
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2632:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2528:
2522:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2439:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2339:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2229:
2220:
2219:
2206:125–126, 133–142
2193:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2075:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2048:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2013:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1913:
1898:
1897:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1749:
1738:
1737:
1707:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1652:
1646:. Archived from
1625:
1617:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1480:. Archived from
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1354:. June 23, 2024.
1349:
1341:
1321:
1317:
1278:Preceded by
1275:
1085:tornado outbreak
968:(channel 5) and
803:Memphis Redbirds
746:Cleveland County
312:Cleveland County
163:36 (+5 indirect)
150:
87:
54:
43:
31:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4034:
4018:
4013:
3977:
3941:
3905:
3866:Moore, Oklahoma
3849:
3768:
3761:
3738:
3732:
3702:
3697:
3692:Hurricane Floyd
3614:
3609:
3579:
3574:
3555:Rainsville 2011
3550:Smithville 2011
3525:Greensburg 2007
3485:Plainfield 1990
3455:Birmingham 1977
3230:
3225:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3125:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3079:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3060:
3058:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3010:
3008:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2983:
2981:
2980:on June 8, 2013
2957:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2902:on May 28, 2010
2894:
2893:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2876:on June 8, 2010
2868:
2867:
2863:
2853:
2851:
2850:on June 8, 2010
2842:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2825:
2824:on June 8, 2010
2816:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2799:
2798:on June 8, 2010
2790:
2789:
2785:
2775:
2773:
2772:on June 8, 2010
2764:
2763:
2759:
2749:
2747:
2746:on June 7, 2010
2738:
2737:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2720:on June 7, 2010
2712:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2695:
2694:on June 7, 2010
2686:
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2668:on June 7, 2010
2660:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2642:on June 7, 2010
2634:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2617:
2616:on June 7, 2010
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2590:on June 7, 2010
2582:
2581:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2564:on June 7, 2010
2556:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2538:on June 7, 2010
2530:
2529:
2525:
2515:
2513:
2512:on June 7, 2010
2504:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2486:on June 7, 2010
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2460:on June 7, 2010
2452:
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2434:on June 7, 2010
2426:
2425:
2421:
2411:
2409:
2408:on June 7, 2010
2396:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2341:
2340:
2327:
2317:
2315:
2314:on June 1, 2011
2311:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2216:
2195:
2194:
2179:
2169:
2167:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2111:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2050:
2049:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1926:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1901:
1894:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1811:
1809:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1750:
1741:
1734:
1709:
1708:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1567:
1565:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1399:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1347:
1343:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1300:
1290:
1284:
1224:
1193:Critical Rescue
1184:
1162:Charles Doswell
1153:
1128:Kansas Turnpike
1112:Wichita, Kansas
1099:
1025:and placed the
986:
908:
860:Crossroads Mall
836:Oklahoma County
738:
627:
598:tornado warning
587:Comanche County
567:
554:
481:weather balloon
479:border, though
355:
320:Oklahoma County
236:
184:
155:Overall effects
144:
143:
85:
80:
68:
59:
58:
57:
56:
55:
46:
45:
44:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4094:
4092:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4043:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4005:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3938:April 10, 1979
3936:
3935:April 27, 2011
3933:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3914:April 27, 2011
3912:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3876:Lubbock, Texas
3873:
3871:Topeka, Kansas
3868:
3863:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3826:
3819:
3812:
3805:
3798:
3791:
3784:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3763:(millions USD)
3755:
3752:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3723:
3716:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3655:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3585:
3576:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3510:Oak Grove 1998
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3465:Barneveld 1984
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3445:Brownwood 1976
3442:
3437:
3432:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3394:San Justo 1973
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3289:Blackwell 1955
3286:
3284:Vicksburg 1953
3281:
3276:
3271:
3269:Fort Rice 1953
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3249:Montville 1845
3246:
3244:Hainichen 1800
3241:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3171:
3170:External links
3168:
3165:
3164:
3147:
3130:
3123:
3097:
3086:. July 7, 1999
3068:
3045:
3018:
2991:
2950:
2913:
2887:
2861:
2835:
2809:
2783:
2757:
2731:
2705:
2679:
2653:
2627:
2601:
2575:
2549:
2523:
2497:
2471:
2445:
2419:
2389:
2367:
2360:
2325:
2293:
2257:
2250:
2221:
2214:
2177:
2143:
2121:
2104:Extreme Planet
2091:
2061:
2034:
2008:
1982:
1960:
1934:
1899:
1892:
1866:
1841:
1819:
1788:
1766:
1739:
1732:
1693:
1664:
1601:
1575:
1536:
1495:
1478:Extreme Planet
1465:
1439:
1409:
1357:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1285:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1223:
1220:
1183:
1180:
1152:
1149:
1141:Venturi effect
1098:
1095:
1043:National Guard
1010:James Lee Witt
985:
982:
907:
904:
896:Cracker Barrel
742:Canadian River
737:
734:
670:McClain County
651:Cyclone Olivia
626:
623:
573:(southwest of
571:Tillman County
566:
563:
553:
550:
489:computer model
467:that morning,
395:tornado family
375:Central Plains
354:
351:
248:
247:
233:
232:
191:
190:Areas affected
187:
186:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
140:
136:
135:
126:
125:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
93:
89:
88:
82:
81:
60:
49:
48:
47:
38:
37:
36:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4093:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4033:
4029:
4026:
4021:
4009:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3994:
3991:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3949:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3932:March 3, 2020
3931:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3919:
3916:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3881:Dallas, Texas
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3846:
3845:
3841:
3839:
3838:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3799:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3785:
3783:
3782:
3778:
3777:
3775:
3774:
3766:
3759:
3756:
3753:
3751:Area affected
3750:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3724:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3673:May 30–June 1
3671:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3633:January 21–23
3631:
3629:
3628:January 17–18
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3613:
3606:
3601:
3599:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3500:Oakfield 1996
3498:
3496:
3495:Chandler 1992
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3426:
3423:Tanner 1974 (
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3334:Bradshaw 1964
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3314:Sunfield 1957
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3259:Montello 1930
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3217:
3215:
3210:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3134:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3101:
3098:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3056:
3049:
3046:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3019:
3006:
3002:
2995:
2992:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2954:
2951:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2917:
2914:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2888:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2849:
2845:
2839:
2836:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2810:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2784:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2745:
2741:
2735:
2732:
2719:
2715:
2709:
2706:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2680:
2667:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2563:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2459:
2455:
2449:
2446:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2420:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2310:
2303:
2297:
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1682:. May 3, 1999
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1213:
1212:Mega Disaster
1209:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1196:(produced by
1195:
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1021:deployed the
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222:Oklahoma City
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67:
63:
53:
42:
32:
26:
22:
4051:F5 tornadoes
4024:
3923:May 11, 1970
3920:June 8, 1966
3917:May 20, 2013
3911:May 22, 2011
3885:
3843:
3842:
3836:
3835:
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3822:
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3807:
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3786:
3780:
3779:
3688:September 15
3678:August 11–13
3662:Loyal Valley
3651:
3565:El Reno 2011
3519:
3505:Jarrell 1997
3490:Andover 1991
3480:Goessel 1990
3475:Hesston 1990
3389:Waverly 1971
3384:Lubbock 1970
3374:Oelwein 1968
3359:Palluel 1967
3354:Belmond 1966
3344:Jackson 1966
3339:Gregory 1965
3239:Woldegk 1764
3150:
3133:
3110:
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3071:
3059:. Retrieved
3048:
3036:. Retrieved
3032:the original
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3009:. Retrieved
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2852:. Retrieved
2848:the original
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2822:the original
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2510:the original
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2432:the original
2422:
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2201:
2170:February 15,
2168:. Retrieved
2164:the original
2159:
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2103:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2077:
2064:
2055:
2025:. Retrieved
2021:the original
2011:
1999:. Retrieved
1995:the original
1985:
1973:. Retrieved
1963:
1953:– via
1947:. Retrieved
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1921:the original
1879:
1869:
1857:. Retrieved
1832:. Retrieved
1822:
1810:. Retrieved
1806:the original
1801:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1724:61–64, 67–68
1715:
1684:. Retrieved
1655:. Retrieved
1648:the original
1638:. May 1999.
1631:
1627:
1594:February 16,
1592:. Retrieved
1587:
1578:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1551:
1515:(1): 31–46.
1512:
1508:
1498:
1486:. Retrieved
1482:the original
1477:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1452:the original
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1426:the original
1421:
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1376:
1370:
1360:
1352:Illinois edu
1351:
1315:
1291:May 3, 1999
1287:
1211:
1205:
1191:
1185:
1176:
1172:
1167:anchor bolts
1154:
1137:Payne County
1133:
1108:
1081:
1073:
1056:
1039:
1001:Bill Clinton
995:
958:
921:
917:
876:Midwest City
869:
856:
844:
791:minor league
783:
767:
739:
716:Paralleling
715:
683:
666:mobile homes
663:
655:
639:Bridge Creek
628:
595:
568:
541:
520:
509:
494:
462:
419:
391:Fujita scale
368:
338:Bill Clinton
332:
328:Midwest City
308:Bridge Creek
300:Grady County
293:
253:
251:
238:
237:Part of the
230:Midwest City
214:Bridge Creek
208:counties in
132:Fujita scale
129:
69:
66:Bridge Creek
61:
25:
3929:May 3, 1999
3623:January 1–3
3560:Joplin 2011
3460:Messer 1982
3450:Jordan 1976
3404:Depauw 1974
3349:Topeka 1966
3324:Prague 1960
3319:Colfax 1958
3090:October 21,
2382:October 20,
1975:October 20,
1949:October 20,
1859:October 20,
1722:. pp.
1686:October 20,
1090:EF5 tornado
1035:phone banks
1017:units. The
933:EF4 tornado
892:Comfort Inn
888:Hampton Inn
785:façade. In
755:subdivision
705:tornadoes.
432:to central
347:EF5 tornado
74:debris ball
4045:Categories
3570:Moore 2013
3470:Niles 1985
3440:Spiro 1976
3409:Xenia 1974
3379:Tracy 1968
3309:Fargo 1957
3294:Udall 1955
3279:Anita 1953
3274:Flint 1953
3254:Bowen 1876
3061:October 3,
3038:October 3,
3011:October 3,
2984:August 16,
2906:October 3,
2880:October 3,
2854:October 3,
2828:October 3,
2802:October 3,
2776:October 2,
2750:October 2,
2724:October 2,
2698:October 2,
2672:October 2,
2646:October 2,
2620:October 2,
2594:October 2,
2568:October 2,
2542:October 2,
2516:October 2,
2490:October 2,
2464:October 2,
2438:October 2,
2412:October 2,
2318:October 2,
2136:October 1,
2027:October 1,
2001:October 1,
1927:October 1,
1834:October 1,
1812:October 1,
1781:October 1,
1759:October 1,
1720:Touchstone
1628:Storm Data
1432:August 22,
1328:References
1122:affiliate
941:Birmingham
937:Tuscaloosa
924:F5 tornado
647:wind speed
523:wind shear
473:California
379:supercells
160:Fatalities
124:F5 tornado
108:Dissipated
3736:tornadoes
3682:Salt Lake
3668:May 15–17
3643:April 8–9
3638:April 2–3
3530:Elie 2007
3435:Guin 1974
3264:Waco 1953
1644:0039-1972
1488:April 23,
1402:March 19,
1218:in 2006.
998:President
984:Aftermath
935:that hit
730:Newcastle
335:President
298:(CDT) in
202:Cleveland
101:UTC−05:00
4025:Sources:
3658:May 9–12
3005:Archived
2937:Archived
2108:Archived
2084:June 26,
1458:March 1,
1387:via the
1222:See also
928:Woodward
865:Del City
801:and the
583:contrail
450:Colorado
438:dry line
430:Nebraska
387:Oklahoma
324:Del City
281:Oklahoma
226:Del City
210:Oklahoma
206:Oklahoma
168:Injuries
116:Duration
3758:Nominal
3648:May 2–8
3180:YouTube
3161:YouTube
3144:YouTube
2965:MSN.com
2943:May 22,
2352:180–188
2286:June 8,
2242:154–157
2114:July 4,
1884:190–191
1657:May 23,
1568:May 31,
1517:Bibcode
1379:(aop).
1060:Lincoln
966:KOCO-TV
945:Alabama
722:girders
679:KFOR-TV
659:asphalt
411:Choctaw
399:Mulhall
261:tornado
198:McClain
130:on the
70:Bottom:
3121:
2358:
2248:
2212:
1890:
1730:
1642:
1299:(2011)
1283:(1979)
949:Joplin
880:Boeing
613:along
604:, and
477:Nevada
446:trough
442:Kansas
426:Norman
415:Stroud
326:, and
228:, and
176:Damage
92:Formed
4010:1,679
4007:1,747
4004:1,771
4001:1,829
3998:1,847
3995:1,961
3992:2,348
3989:2,616
3986:3,318
3983:3,792
3971:1,290
3968:1,504
3965:1,000
3962:1,550
3953:2,000
3950:2,450
3947:2,800
3178:(via
3080:(PDF)
2312:(PDF)
2305:(PDF)
2074:(PDF)
1651:(PDF)
1634:(5).
1624:(PDF)
1348:(PDF)
1307:Notes
1214:) on
1068:Noble
1064:Logan
953:Moore
771:Tulsa
751:Moore
631:Amber
606:Grady
602:Caddo
575:Faxon
434:Texas
407:Dover
316:Moore
304:Amber
218:Moore
194:Grady
78:Moore
3760:cost
3754:Date
3748:Rank
3119:ISBN
3092:2015
3063:2010
3040:2010
3013:2010
2986:2013
2945:2013
2908:2010
2882:2010
2856:2010
2830:2010
2804:2010
2778:2010
2752:2010
2726:2010
2700:2010
2674:2010
2648:2010
2622:2010
2596:2010
2570:2010
2544:2010
2518:2010
2492:2010
2466:2010
2440:2010
2414:2010
2384:2015
2356:ISBN
2320:2010
2288:2013
2271:KWTV
2246:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2172:2008
2138:2010
2116:2013
2086:2013
2029:2010
2003:2010
1977:2015
1951:2015
1929:2010
1888:ISBN
1861:2015
1836:2010
1814:2010
1783:2010
1761:2010
1728:ISBN
1688:2015
1659:2013
1640:ISSN
1596:2011
1570:2013
1490:2019
1460:2016
1434:2015
1404:2024
1383:and
1202:NHNZ
1124:KSNW
970:KWTV
884:I-40
840:I-35
825:and
817:and
718:I-44
579:lift
454:hail
413:and
252:The
242:and
204:and
62:Top:
3974:400
3959:250
3956:250
3429:2nd
3425:1st
3159:on
3142:on
3115:207
2970:MSN
2928:CNN
1525:doi
1393:doi
1204:'s
1190:'s
1120:NBC
813:'s
777:at
465:CDT
181:USD
171:583
97:CDT
4047::
4030:,
3844:10
3427:,
3117:.
3109:.
3082:.
2972:.
2968:.
2962:.
2935:.
2925:.
2354:.
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2244:.
2236:.
2224:^
2208:.
2200:.
2180:^
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1886:.
1878:.
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1800:.
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1630:.
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1523:.
1513:88
1511:.
1507:.
1476:.
1420:.
1391:.
1377:-1
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1336:^
1066:,
1062:,
943:,
890:,
539:.
505:kg
456:,
417:.
409:,
405:,
401:,
291:.
279:,
258:F5
224:,
220:,
216:,
200:,
196:,
3837:9
3830:8
3823:7
3816:6
3809:5
3802:4
3795:3
3788:2
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2160:2
2140:.
2118:.
2088:.
2031:.
2005:.
1957:.
1931:.
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1838:.
1816:.
1785:.
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1492:.
1462:.
1436:.
1406:.
1395::
1210:(
503:/
501:J
475:−
183:)
149:)
103:)
99:(
23:.
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