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305:, which was responsible for illustrious innovations. The modern social and economic infrastructure continued to revolutionise consumption patterns as the prices of consumer goods decreased dramatically with the increase in productivity. The growth of urban centres and 'new technologies, such as the introduction of electricity into clothing manufacturing, produced a boom in the
369:. These styles featured seamless waists, streamlined skirts and a slow move away from corsetry, much more practical than the conventional attire. These 'slender and angular' styles, had excessive decoration which compensated for the rebellion against heavy, ultra-restrictive trends. Dress embellishments included bows, emphasised
312:
Progress in communications and the media meant that fashionable styles and silhouettes were widespread globally and accessible to the everyday person. With the rise of publications, magazines aimed especially at women depicted the styles in vogue at the time and began to introduce paper patterns. The
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Introduced in the beginning of the century, proper work clothes and work uniforms were a sign of a new era. It started off with small businesses and factories creating a specific uniform for their company. Not too long later, government bodies such as the police, firefighters, and miners adopted the
174:
By mid-nineteenth century people were settling into the normal routine of life as shaped by the changes and innovations that came with the First
Industrial Revolution. Further discoveries in mathematics, science and engineering saw advancements in medicine as well as huge progress for communication
85:
with automatic machine looms. With the arrival of automated methods, through industrialisation came too the creation of factories which maximised productivity and enhanced efficient production. The unprecedented rapid and sustained economic growth demonstrated by the textile industry โ through
144:
decoration. The extravagance of these displays reaches its peak nearing the end of
Romanticism as 'exuberance becomes sentimentality'. For both men and women, silhouettes were increasingly exaggerated with the establishment of curvaceous shapes pointing to an obvious rejection of previous
337:
which are characterised by their rebellion against classical subject matter and that which embraces depictions of modern life including new technology and ideas โ 'concentrating on themes of deeper symbolism to express emotions, rather than simply
106:. The period of Romanticism from around 1800โ1840 emphasised an opposition to stability, celebrating an appreciation of the chaotic which admires creativity, individuality, subjectivity, spontaneity, the sensory and the
272:. By the latter half of mid-nineteenth century it becomes clear that fashion technologies revolutionised the designs of particularly womenswear fashion with cage crinoline enabling a larger but more lightweight
353:
movement towards the turn of the 20th century also saw a shift in gender roles. As the 19th century neared its end, the world began to transition away from stiff
Victorian fashions with the rise of the
373:, thick rich fabrics and trims. Menswear began to have a significant influence on women's clothing with masculine styles and tailoring becoming increasingly popular, women sometimes wore a shirt
1166:
Szreter, S. & Mooney, G. (2003). Urbanization, Mortality, and the
Standard of Living Debate: New Estimates of the Expectation of Life at Birth in Nineteenth-century British Cities. In
74:. The period from approximately 1760 to between 1820 and 1840 saw the transition to new manufacturing processes from traditional hand production methods to new machine production methods.
857:
For most of the 19th century babies wore 'long, white dresses with short sleeves' whilst toddlers and young children wore 'short dresses with frilled drawers peeking out underneath'.
136:'. The shift towards a new Romantic style inspired by creativity and imagination, is defined by more theatrical and dramatic designs which are inspired by a blend of the mysterious
70:
At the turn of the 18th century, the
Western world โ namely Europe and the United States โ were revelling in the prosperity of the rapid progress that came with the rise of the
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841:
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Women's fashion of the late 19th century saw an introduction of styles with a long, slim, body-hugging silhouette that revealed the natural figure, including the popular '
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As children grew into young adults the dress styles mimicked that of the elder generation, with the only difference being more simplistic styles and shorter lengths.
414:
187:
and world-wide economic integration saw new trade routes and brought wealth to the capitalist powers of the
Western world. As standards of living slowly improved and
210:
in 1861 revolutionised shopping patterns and enabled people to order clothing and accessories from other parts of the world a much similar concept to contemporary
149:
style. Layers of colour and pattern added to the dramatic and expressive display which became characteristic of
Romanticism and again contrasted the 18th century
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202:
The modernisation of communication and transportation technologies saw a shift in the traditional consumption patterns of retail consumers. The invention of
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gentleman. However, soon after both men's and women's fashion became more colourful and relaxed with more exuberant styles and new techniques including
593:
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19:
It was a period of dramatic change and rapid socio-cultural advancement, where society and culture are constantly changing with advancement of time.
691:
667:
605:
457:
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531:
1153:
Feinstein, C. (1998). Pessimism
Perpetuated: Real Wages and the Standard of Living in Britain during and after the Industrial Revolution. In
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22:
The technology, art, politics, and culture of the 19th century were strongly reflected in the styles and silhouettes of the era's clothing.
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popularity of these patterns paired with machine innovation and ease-of-use saw a rise in the popularity of at home dressmaking.
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The fashion in this article includes styles from the 19th century through a
Western context โ namely Europe and North America.
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were paired with swelled skirts which aligned with early
Victorian ideals of the modest domestic lady stereotype. Layered
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and steel-hoop structures,. Menswear of the early Victorian Era was understated with the rise of the respectable male
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was on the rise, the middle-class were beginning to spend more on indulgent rather than solely necessary goods.
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2001:
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The Unbound Prometheus: technological change and industrial development in Western Europe from 1750 to present.
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English Heritage. (2020). An Introduction to Victorian England (1837โ1901). Retrieved September 10, 2020 from
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Victoria & Albert Museum. (2016). Introduction to 19th-Century Fashion. Retrieved October 11, 2020 from
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Recent Economic Changes and Their Effect on Production and Distribution of Wealth and Well-Being of Society
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ideologies of order, reason and rationalism to new values of imagination and emotion with the emergence of
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were becoming increasingly popular and were often quite slim, maintaining an overall narrow silhouette. A
1472:
230:. This ideological art movement 'sought to convey a truthful and objective vision of contemporary life'.
33:
gowns. For men, three piece suits were tailored for usefulness in business as well as sporting activity.
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Victoria & Albert Museum. (2016). Victorian Dress at the V&A. Retrieved September 10, 2020 from
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was a more casual attire regularly worn by businessmen, with jackets open or partially undone with a
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Victoria & Albert Museum. (2016). History of Fashion 1840โ1900. Retrieved 31 October 2020 from
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underneath. Heavily starched collars on shirts were worn high and stiff-standing, with turned down
150:
141:
133:
1252:
English Women's Clothing in the Nineteenth Century: A Comprehensive Guide with 1,117 Illustrations
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1012:
Hopkins, E. (2000). Industrialisation and Society: A Social History, 1830-1951. London: Routledge.
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BBC. (2019). Pryce-Jones: Pioneer of the Mail Order Industry. Retrieved September 10, 2020 from
276:. In align with the trend of offering greater comfort, menswear 'relaxed into wide, easy cuts'.
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2016:
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The fashion of the time reflects this transitional period as it gradually moves away from the
16:
The nineteenth century marks the period beginning January 1, 1801 and ends December 31, 1900.
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For women, fashion was an extravagant and extroverted display of the female silhouette with
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http://www.education.com/study-help/article/us-history-glided-age-technological-revolution/
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pinched waistlines, bustling full-skirts that flowed in and out of trend and decoratively
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Era which saw great change with rapid urbanisation as cities grew, trade expanded, and a
1142:
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employment and value output โ saw huge changes in the affordability of clothes and
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1984:
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1807:
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137:
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Walker, W. (1993). National Innovation Systems: Britain. In Nelson, R. (Eds.),
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39:
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http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/i/introduction-to-19th-century-fashion/
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Handmade shawls, fans and umbrellas, hats, purses and handbags were popular.
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1908:
1891:
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1195:
New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved September 10, 2020 from
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257:
253:
1460:
Clothes and the Child: A Handbook of Children's Dress in England, 1500โ1900
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New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved October 15, 2020 from
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New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved October 15, 2020 from
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1935:
87:
1520:
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2021:
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http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/h/history-of-fashion-1840-1900/
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https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/learn/story-of-england/victorian/
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to new freedoms of a more simplistic dress structure and silhouette.
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The late-19th century constituted further industrialization with the
249:
81:
was the first to use modern production techniques, namely mechanised
26:
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http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/v/victorian-dress-at-v-and-a/
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38:
2011:
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The Industrial Revolution and work in nineteenth-century Europe.
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237:, a time that saw tremendous progress, change and power for the
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1493:
241:
and one that characterises an entire genre of fashion history.
2153:
1404:
Franklin, H. (2020). 1880โ1889, 19th century decade overview.
1332:
Franklin, H. (2020). 1890โ1899, 19th century decade overview.
1282:
Franklin, H. (2020). 1860โ1869, 19th century decade overview.
1263:
Franklin, H. (2020). 1850โ1859, 19th century decade overview.
1222:
Franklin, H. (2020). 1840โ1849, 19th century decade overview.
1181:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/work/wales/w_mid/article_3.shtml
1086:
Franklin, H. (2020). 1830โ1839, 19th century decade overview.
1070:
Franklin, H. (2020). 1820โ1829, 19th century decade overview.
1054:
Franklin, H. (2020). 1810โ1819, 19th century decade overview.
1137:
Lucas, R. (2003). The Industrial Revolution Past and Future.
1191:
Finocchio, R. (2004). Nineteenth-Century French Realism. In
1121:
Oxford Reference. (2012). Timeline: 19th century 1800โ1900.
179:
and the opening of major railways connected people in major
1441:"ะะพะดะฝั ะถัะฝะพัั ั
ะธััะพัั ะผััััะฝะพะบ ั ะผะธะฝัะปะธั
ััะพะปััััั
ะััะฐะฒะฐ"
1109:. Hartford: Connecticut Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art.
1041:
British Library (2020). Georgian Britain. Retrieved from
1028:
New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved from
132:
influences of Enlightenment which take inspiration from '
329:
Late 19th century movements in art and culture include
1367:
Samu, M. (2004). Impressionism: Art and Modernity. In
222:
The mid-19th century again shifts from Romanticism to
1143:
http://minneapolisfed.org/pubs/region/04-05/essay.cfm
1139:
Annual Report of Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
98:
The early 19th century saw a shift from 18th century
973:
National innovation systems: a comparative analysis.
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2577:
2516:
2394:
2346:
2243:
2134:
2057:
1992:
1983:
1946:
1867:
1793:
1668:
1645:
1602:
1537:
1107:
Gothic to Goth: Romantic Era Fashion and Its Legacy
1389:https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/poim/hd_poim.htm
1373:https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/imml/hd_imml.htm
1298:Muntone, S. (2012). Second Industrial Revolution.
1197:https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rlsm/hd_rlsm.htm
1030:https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roma/hd_roma.htm
878:19th century fashion history (Western Countries)
847:19th Century Men's Suit Jacket Detail (American)
377:and tie, particularly when exercising. For men,
268:trims thanks to increasing availability of the
2480:
1505:
1127:https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/
113:In England, this period is also known as the
8:
1627:Timeline of clothing and textiles technology
1410:https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1880-1889/
1383:Voorhies, J. (2004). Post-Impressionism. In
1338:https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1890-1899/
1288:https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1860-1869/
1269:https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1850-1859/
1228:https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1840-1849/
1092:https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1830-1839/
1076:https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1820-1829/
1060:https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/1810-1819/
1157:(3), 625โ658. doi:10.1017/S0022050700021100
2487:
2473:
2465:
1989:
1864:
1512:
1498:
1490:
1473:"A brief history of workwear and uniforms"
962:Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
1170:(1), 84โ112. doi: 10.1111/1468-0289.00084
835:19th Century Men's Suit Jacket (American)
175:and transportation. The introduction of
935:
813:
749:
718:
663:
620:
577:
546:
515:
472:
441:
410:
1206:
1204:
1168:The Economic History Review (1998), 51
420:Empire Silhouette ca. 1810 (American)
1454:
1452:
1450:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1278:
1276:
1117:
1115:
1101:
1099:
1024:Galitz, K.C. (2004). Romanticism. In
954:
952:
7:
1770:Social media in the fashion industry
1020:
1018:
654:Promenade Dress 1862-1864 (American)
599:Afternoon Dress 1850-1955 (American)
244:Women's fashion at the beginning of
975:New York: Oxford University Press.
1385:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.
1369:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.
1286:Retrieved September 10, 2020 from
1267:Retrieved September 10, 2020 from
1254:. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.
1226:Retrieved September 10, 2020 from
1193:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.
1141:Retrieved September 10, 2020 from
1125:Retrieved September 10, 2020 from
1043:https://www.bl.uk/georgian-britain
1026:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History.
823:19th Century Men's Suit (American)
697:Walking Dress 1870-1875 (American)
611:Evening Dress 1850-1955 (American)
556:Evening Dress 1840-1842 (American)
537:Morning Dress 1837-1839 (American)
506:Morning Dress mid. 1820s (British)
121:-driven consumer culture emerged.
14:
1318:. New York: D. Appleton & Co.
1090:Retrieved September 7, 2020 from
1074:Retrieved September 7, 2020 from
1058:Retrieved September 7, 2020 from
463:Evening Dress ca. 1820 (American)
432:Evening Dress 1805-1810 (French)
233:1837 marked the beginning of the
2674:
2673:
2447:
1612:History of clothing and textiles
1593:
1408:Retrieved October 15, 2020 from
1336:Retrieved October 15, 2020 from
840:
828:
816:
764:
752:
733:
721:
702:
690:
678:
666:
647:
635:
623:
604:
592:
580:
561:
549:
530:
518:
499:
487:
482:Dinner Dress 1824-1826 (British)
475:
456:
444:
425:
413:
56:Historical overview and fashions
1545:Environmental impact of fashion
1462:. New York: Holmes & Meier.
1302:Retrieved October 8, 2020 from
1155:Journal of Economic History, 58
946:London and New York: Routledge.
673:Romantic Gown ca. 1872 (French)
248:'s reign became more modest โ
140:past with lavish and dramatic
1:
1032:Retrieved September 7, 2020.
451:Ball Gown ca. 1820 (American)
43:19th Century Dress Silhouette
1045:Retrieved September 7, 2020.
299:Second Industrial Revolution
728:Dress 1885-1888 (American)
685:Dinner Dress 1870 (American
2716:
1617:History of Western fashion
942:Berlanstein, L.R. (1992).
525:Dress 1832-1835 (American)
494:Dress Late 1820s (British)
94:Art, culture, and politics
2669:
2503:
2442:
1622:History of fashion design
1591:
1531:Index of fashion articles
1528:
1406:Fashion History Timeline.
1334:Fashion History Timeline.
1284:Fashion History Timeline.
1265:Fashion History Timeline.
1250:Cunnington, C.W. (1990).
1224:Fashion History Timeline.
1088:Fashion History Timeline.
1072:Fashion History Timeline.
1056:Fashion History Timeline.
740:Dress ca. 1880 (American)
630:Dress 1860-1864 (British)
402:Dress style by the decade
325:Art, culture and politics
293:Technological innovations
218:Art, culture and politics
183:to one another. Emerging
162:Technological innovations
66:Technological innovations
2002:British country clothing
1560:Fashion design copyright
709:Dress ca. 1870 (British)
642:Dress 1860-1861 (French)
587:Dress ca. 1850 (British)
568:Dress ca. 1840 (British)
303:Technological revolution
51:Man's tailcoat 1825โ1830
2361:Anti-sweatshop movement
852:
804:
777:Hairstyles and Headwear
396:
367:artistic' style dresses
61:Early 1800s (1800โ1829)
2412:Chinoiserie in fashion
990:Corsets and Crinolines
771:Tea Gown 1890 (French)
759:Tea Gown 1890 (French)
321:
289:
280:Late 1800s (1870โ1899)
199:
171:
52:
44:
1748:Fashion merchandising
988:Waugh, Norah (1990).
958:Landes, D.S. (1969).
319:
287:
197:
169:
157:Mid-1800s (1830โ1869)
72:Industrial Revolution
50:
42:
2700:19th-century fashion
2323:South Korean fashion
1785:Trickle-down fashion
1723:Fashion illustration
1708:Fashion entrepreneur
1585:Semiotics of fashion
1314:Wells, D. A. (1890)
1105:Bassett, L. (2016).
884:1795โ1820 in fashion
301:, also known as the
2371:Sustainable fashion
2338:Vietnamese clothing
1869:Western dress codes
1743:Fashion photography
1718:Fashion forecasting
226:, sometimes called
204:mail order business
134:classical antiquity
2661:Volcanic eruptions
2454:Fashion portal
2402:Ballet and fashion
2386:Zero-waste fashion
2102:Sportswear fashion
1780:Trickle-up fashion
1765:Red carpet fashion
1733:Fashion journalism
1728:Fashion influencer
853:Children's Fashion
795:Makeup and Jewelry
335:Post-Impressionism
322:
290:
200:
172:
53:
45:
2687:
2686:
2462:
2461:
2429:Music and fashion
2239:
2238:
2189:Thrift store chic
2017:Cruise collection
1979:
1978:
1904:Black lounge suit
1688:Designer clothing
1683:Clothing industry
1550:Fashion accessory
1458:Buck, A. (1996).
208:Pryce Pryce-Jones
189:income per capita
181:industrial cities
126:Empire silhouette
2707:
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2489:
2482:
2475:
2466:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2407:Capsule wardrobe
2366:Circular fashion
2348:Fashion activism
2313:Nigerian fashion
2308:Japanese fashion
2266:Filipino fashion
2256:Canadian fashion
2251:American fashion
1990:
1865:
1597:
1514:
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1500:
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1004:
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985:
979:
969:
963:
956:
947:
940:
924:1890s in fashion
919:1880s in fashion
914:1870s in fashion
909:1860s in fashion
904:1850s in fashion
899:1840s in fashion
894:1830s in fashion
889:1820s in fashion
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832:
820:
768:
756:
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725:
706:
694:
682:
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639:
627:
608:
596:
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2376:Slow fashion
2356:Anti-fashion
2333:Thai fashion
1994:Smart casual
1914:Evening gown
1753:Fast fashion
1698:Fashion blog
1660:Fashion week
1655:Fashion show
1637:21st century
1632:19th century
1631:
1477:. Retrieved
1475:. 2022-04-12
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2605:Mathematics
2595:LGBT rights
2214:Heavy metal
2136:Alternative
2119:Bling-bling
2049:Young fogey
1899:Semi-formal
1794:Traditional
1738:Fashion law
787:Accessories
104:Romanticism
31:embellished
2610:Philosophy
2600:Literature
2417:Dress code
2244:By country
2229:Rockabilly
2092:Athleisure
2087:Sportswear
2067:Streetwear
2044:Teddy Boys
2027:Ivy League
1813:Diplomatic
1803:Ceremonial
1479:2023-09-19
930:References
810:Suit style
746:1890sโ1900
715:1880sโ1890
660:1870sโ1880
617:1860sโ1870
574:1850sโ1860
543:1840sโ1850
512:1830sโ1840
469:1820sโ1830
438:1810sโ1820
407:1800sโ1810
351:suffragist
274:hoop skirt
254:petticoats
228:Naturalism
177:telegraphy
119:capitalist
2184:Steampunk
2144:Androgyny
1956:Christian
1948:Religious
1909:Black tie
1892:Ball gown
1887:White tie
1775:Sweatshop
387:waistcoat
309:market'.
262:bourgeois
258:crinoline
153:palette.
147:geometric
88:materials
2694:Category
2679:Category
2508:Timeline
2395:See also
2381:Trashion
2179:Skinhead
2149:Bohemian
2107:Surfwear
2097:Gorpcore
1936:Pantsuit
1921:Informal
1825:Military
1818:Academic
1796:clothing
1758:in China
1670:Industry
1523:articles
873:See also
864:Workwear
391:wingtips
214:habits.
138:medieval
115:Georgian
2620:Theatre
2615:Science
2590:Fashion
2517:Decades
2422:Undress
2301:History
2199:Greaser
2082:Hipster
2072:Hip hop
1966:Islamic
1840:Service
1604:History
1538:General
1521:Fashion
782:Up-do's
371:ruching
340:optical
250:corsets
224:Realism
2578:Topics
2209:Grunge
2194:Rocker
2169:Lolita
2164:Gothic
2159:Fetish
2077:Hippie
2022:Preppy
1985:Casual
1961:Jewish
1877:Formal
1852:Combat
1845:Sailor
1678:Awards
1647:Events
996:
977:
869:idea.
375:collar
142:Gothic
27:corset
2651:Riots
2629:Lists
2569:1890s
2564:1880s
2559:1870s
2554:1860s
2549:1850s
2544:1840s
2539:1830s
2534:1820s
2529:1810s
2524:1800s
2224:Skate
2174:Queer
1808:Court
800:Shoes
256:with
2219:Punk
2204:Glam
2012:Chic
1926:Suit
1859:Folk
1835:Mess
1830:Full
994:ISBN
349:and
345:The
333:and
128:and
77:The
2154:Emo
2034:Mod
206:by
2696::
1449:^
1416:^
1395:^
1344:^
1323:^
1275:^
1203:^
1114:^
1098:^
1017:^
951:^
393:.
110:.
2488:e
2481:t
2474:v
1513:e
1506:t
1499:v
1482:.
1002:.
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