721:"Access" is generally defined using a variety of metrics. What is least controversial is those areas with least access throughout history, as all metrics for such areas are zero or close to zero. Examples of metrics used include the presence of (Christian) work and workers (of any kind, whether community development, health, business, child care, house servants, etc), media in an appropriate language (print, TV, radio, web, etc.)
22:
216:; Cyprus, where Christianity accounts for over 70% of the population; South Korea, which is home to the largest single congregation church in the world and is also the second largest missionary-sending nation in the world; and Ethiopia, which is a majority-Christian country. The 10/40 Window does not encompass
275:
was at the vanguard of the spiritual mapping movement through its close ties to and support of Wagner and Bush. It helped initiate the Prayer
Through the Window events in the 1990s, which had tens of millions of participants. New Life Church's spiritual warfare center, the World Prayer Center, opened
243:
to assumed vocabulary for
Christians in the West. It is an emerging term in the secular press and can be found in press style glossaries. Non-western writers and organizations also refer to the 10/40 Window. In addition, those opposed to the idea of evangelism make use of the term.
121:, stating that this region ought to be seen as a "window of opportunity". The analysis and concept was a generalization that focuses on a region, not a sharp boundary defining what is a priority, and what is not. For this reason, many missiologists prefer to use the phrase
755:
At the time, the authoritative source for socioeconomic and political metrics for every nation. Extreme poverty was denoted as under US$ 500 per capita GNP (in 1990 dollars). Human suffering was measured by the
Quality of Life index, precursor to today's
328:
The first edition GIS analysis maps highlighted the three major religious blocks in the 10/40 Window, specifically the majority Muslim, Hindu and
Buddhist nations. Population estimates at the time for the year 2000 (from Operation World) were given as:
68:
and
Northern Africa, as well as almost all of Asia (West Asia, Central Asia, South Asia, East Asia and much of Southeast Asia). Roughly two-thirds of the world population lived in the 10/40 Window, and it is predominantly
1599:
Well below 10 percent in any of the study populations. Each of the cited maps provides side data on population, Christian involvement, etc. in the various study populations (poor, low quality of life, non-Christian,
153:
Some researchers have objected to such a broad-brush term which seems to imply a unifying characteristic of the 10/40 Window when in fact no large area of the planet is completely homogenous in cultural attributes.
184:
is a term that helps people visualize the general area of the analysis, where the above characteristics are generally true, but with exceptions proving it is only a generalization. Some examples of the exceptions:
60:
highlights these three elements (as of data available in 1990): an area of the world with great poverty and low quality of life, combined with lack of access to
Christian resources and
1996:
106:
197:
and Japan. In the late 20th century, Japan boasted the world's third largest economy, and South Korea the eleventh. Such nations were strong throughout the late 20th century.
1103:
53:, a general area that was purported to have the highest level of socioeconomic challenges and least access to the Christian message and Christian resources on the planet.
193:
under US$ 500). Of the three billion people living in such poverty-stricken nations, 82% lived in the 10/40 Window. Yet the 10/40 Window also includes nations such as
1081:
284:
The original 1990 GIS 10/40 Window analysis produced several insights, among them showing that the nations of the 10/40 Window represented (as of the research date):
346:
have been based more on census data and other estimates rather than forward-looking population estimates. The cited reference provides the following estimate of "
272:
1692:
1367:
853:
Mind-numbing in its details (with some areas of unique value), but the introduction and definitions in the paper edition are quite helpful to understanding.
1758:
1981:
93:. Many governments in the 10/40 Window are officially or unofficially opposed to Christian missionary work of any kind within their borders.
1800:
1479:
902:
1471:
41:
in 1990 to refer to those regions of the eastern hemisphere, plus the
European and African part of the western hemisphere, located between
959:
228:
1919:
224:
To address these concerns the list of 10/40 countries has been amended in recent years to omit Greece, Portugal and the
Philippines.
823:
1986:
1107:
1717:
1239:
1991:
1129:
1879:
1295:
927:
1642:
1336:
1183:
1811:
1152:
669:) with at least 50 percent of their land area falling within 10 to 40 degrees latitude as of 1990. (The list also included
110:
1500:
813:
310:
1950:
1976:
1899:
1323:
836:
1738:
1397:
189:
The 10/40 Window article refers to the "poorest of the poor" living in that region (based on late-1980s per-capita
109:. In 1990, Bush's research led to a meeting with Pete Holzmann, a leader of the team developing the first PC-based
1956:
1783:
1375:
691:
264:
1859:
113:(GIS) software. They analyzed the region using a box between 10 and 40 degrees north latitude and called it the
1098:
1766:
1269:
1700:
757:
701:
1528:
1843:
129:
61:
1667:
1792:
880:
213:
133:
639:
1623:
This number is higher than the census-based world total of 14 million. However, even authoritative
1505:
1085:
259:(demons believed to control regions of the globe and prevent Christian conversion), as promoted by
128:
Before being called the "resistant belt", the
Islamic portions of this region, as well as selected
46:
42:
34:
1624:
666:
316:
256:
101:
This region of the world was previously known to
Christians as the "resistant belt", as noted by
1424:
963:
881:"The computer revolution and evangelical mission research and strategy: An historical overview"
347:
1796:
1785:
Spiritual Mapping: The Turbulent Career of a Contested American Missionary Paradigm, 1989–2005
1475:
1446:
957:
Atlas GIS, produced by Strategic Mapping Inc., was the first PC Geographic Information System.
898:
819:
252:
248:
161:
this part of the world was home to the largest populations living in deep poverty and lowest
1436:
888:
696:
176:. The West has ubiquitous access to such resources; this area of the world did and does not.
1927:
1214:
291:
84% of those with lowest quality of life (life expectancy, infant mortality, and literacy),
792:
260:
168:
this part of the world did have least access to Christian resources. Note the emphasis on
162:
992:
1544:
649:
294:
the hub of the world's major non-Christian religions (Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, etc.,)
239:
Over the years, the 10/40 Window has evolved from a specialist term used by Christian
1970:
1835:
1247:
465:
1337:"Guerrillas for God : Inside Colorado Springs' modern day missionary boot camp"
1137:
1883:
1485:
1299:
686:
634:
580:
410:
308:
The GIS analysis utilized country-level data from the Operation World almanac, the
288:
82% of the poorest of the world's poor (per capita GNP less than US$ 500 per year),
21:
935:
304:
The least Christian resource investment and least sharing of the Christian message
1721:
1650:
1465:
1344:
1191:
1819:
1160:
598:
594:
505:
500:
380:
268:
201:
194:
986:
893:
704:
which followed from the Quality of Life Index used in the 10/40 Window research
1441:
829:
614:
540:
455:
395:
240:
1464:
DeBernardi, Jean (2008). "Global Christian Culture and the Antioch of Asia".
1450:
1007:
Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices
670:
662:
217:
117:. A few weeks later, Bush and his wife Doris were inspired to rename it the
102:
38:
1903:
1863:
840:
619:
570:
450:
435:
415:
343:
220:
or Sri Lanka, nations that had very little access to Christian resources.
205:
132:
Buddhist and Hindu areas, were referred to as the "unoccupied fields" by
78:
1742:
1401:
772:
section of this article for research-based details and cited references.
1627:
state that many Jews do not identify themselves in population censuses.
644:
624:
585:
550:
545:
520:
445:
390:
385:
90:
82:
50:
991:. New York: Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions. p.
812:
Barrett, David B.; Kurian, George T.; Johnson, Todd M., eds. (2001).
795:
provides a concise well-researched/cited data summary for each nation
629:
609:
510:
495:
485:
460:
430:
405:
209:
141:
86:
70:
65:
375:
The 10/40 Window originally encompassed the following 54 countries.
1273:
948:
The link is to the map, which is part of an extensive cover story.
879:
Jaffarian, Michael (November 16, 2014), James, Jonathan D. (ed.),
674:
654:
604:
590:
575:
560:
555:
535:
525:
490:
470:
440:
425:
400:
301:
had least-access to Christian resources (two-dimensional analysis)
74:
20:
1613:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1589:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1575:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1561:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1071:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1054:(Map) (August 1, 1990 ed.). Cartography by GMI/GRDB. AD2000.
1082:
Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Cyprus
565:
530:
515:
480:
475:
420:
1529:"Evangelical Christian soldiers plan to wage spiritual warfare"
180:
This research deals in overall population characteristics. The
1960:
1675:
190:
1951:
Updated statistics, including some relating to 10/40 Window
1501:"Fighting Demons, Raising the Dead, Taking Over the World"
864:
Encyclopedia of Christianity in the Global South, Volume 2
1611:
The 55 Least Evangelized Countries & The 10/40 Window
1031:
1029:
1027:
231:
worldview" which may not be shared by other Christians.
1425:"Maps Matter. The 10/40 Window and Missionary Geography"
339:
8 Buddhist countries, 237 million population est. (2000)
834:
1739 pp. Much of its data is available online at the
333:
28 Muslim countries, 1.1 billion population est. (2000)
208:, which both have a Roman Catholic Christian majority;
885:
The Internet and the Google Age: Prospects and Perils
336:
2 Hindu countries, 1.1 billion population est. (2000)
212:, where almost 98% of the population belonged to the
136:, in his book by that same title, published in 1911.
64:
non-Christians. The Window forms a band encompassing
1902:. Society for World Internet Mission. Archived from
227:
Additionally, the concept has been critiqued as " a
1587:
The Poor, The Unevangelized, & The 10/40 Window
887:, Dublin: Research-publishing.net, pp. 88–90,
276:in 1998 and primarily focused on the 10/40 window.
1423:de Korte, Hannah; Onnekink, David (May 28, 2020).
363:140 million in 2550 tribal groups (mainly animist)
350:" non-Christian populations in the 10/40 Window:
1643:"Becoming Global Christians in the 21st century"
1153:"Becoming Global Christians in the 21st Century"
988:The Unoccupied Mission Fields of Africa and Asia
1527:Kovach Caldwell, Deborah (September 19, 1998).
297:close to 100% of those who were both most-poor
1997:Applications of geographic information systems
324:Non-Christians in the 10/40 Window by religion
200:Geographically, the 10/40 Window includes the
1559:Three Religious Blocks & The 10/40 Window
866:, Rowman & Littlefield, USA, 2018, p. 451
8:
1326:, Society for world mission/mission network.
1104:"The Top 10 Churches in the World (by size)"
1052:The Poorest Countries & The 10/40 Window
1739:"Geography PhD Dissertation Summary Comix"
1063:
1061:
1046:
1044:
37:strategist and Partners International CEO
1880:"Serving Persecuted Christians Worldwide"
1440:
892:
818:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
1959:, GMI. Updated data from the original
1035:
1018:
733:
714:
139:The concept was first published in the
1097:The largest congregation is in Seoul (
1069:Quality of Life & The 10/40 Window
922:
920:
677:, which are not independent nations.)
807:
805:
803:
801:
745:
743:
741:
739:
737:
16:10 to 40 degrees north of the equator
7:
1862:. Macedonian Project. Archived from
1472:Institute of Southeast Asian Studies
874:
872:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
247:The concept has also been a part of
1668:"Evangelicals Look To 10/40 Window"
1573:Islam & & The 10/40 Window
960:"ESRI Retires ArcCAD and Atlas GIS"
1920:"Marli Spieker, Broadcasting Hope"
1691:Blumenthal, Max (April 15, 2003).
1005:J. Gordon Melton, Martin Baumann,
14:
1860:"Macedonian Project Information"
1720:. CS Independent. Archived from
1666:Allen, John L (September 2006).
1467:Religious diversity in Singapore
107:Lausanne II Conference in Manila
1499:Wilson, Bruce (June 22, 2009).
934:. June 30, 2003. Archived from
157:The 1990 research data states:
25:The nations in the 10/40 Window
1982:Evangelical Christian missions
1716:Dicker, John (April 3, 2003).
1641:Aikman, David (January 2002).
1:
1918:Walker, J Gary (April 2003).
1812:"Islam and China's Christmas"
1810:Long, Justin (January 2001).
1184:"Islam and China's Christmas"
111:geographic information system
1882:. Open Doors. Archived from
1759:"The Faith At Work Movement"
1341:Colorado Springs Independent
1009:, ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, p. 14
815:World Christian Encyclopedia
311:World Christian Encyclopedia
1693:"Onward Christian Soldiers"
1368:"Onward Christian soldiers"
1246:. Adventist. Archived from
371:Nations in the 10/40 Window
2013:
1672:National Catholic Reporter
1533:The San Francisco Examiner
985:Zwemer, Samuel M. (1911).
894:10.14705/rpnet.2014.000179
837:"World Christian Database"
251:theology. It is linked to
1737:Han, Ju Hui Judy (2007).
1442:10.1163/1572543X-12341558
1296:"Open Doors South Africa"
1215:"Today's Christian Woman"
692:Child evangelism movement
265:New Apostolic Reformation
1099:Yoido Full Gospel Church
1987:Geographical neologisms
1272:. Macsa. Archived from
1213:Spieker, Marli (2003).
839:. Brill. Archived from
758:Human Development Index
702:Human Development Index
665:nations (mostly in the
56:The concept behind the
1992:Religion and geography
1844:Adventist News Network
1782:Holvast, René (2008).
1182:Aikman, David (2002).
33:" is a term coined by
26:
1793:University of Utrecht
1745:on September 30, 2007
1678:on September 27, 2007
1151:Long, Justin (2001).
1130:"Missions Incredible"
1110:on September 27, 2007
966:on September 25, 2007
360:275 million Buddhists
214:Greek Orthodox Church
24:
1930:on February 15, 2007
1886:on February 13, 2007
1822:on February 15, 2008
1769:on February 19, 2007
1757:Hillman, Os (2004).
1703:on December 10, 2006
1653:on February 15, 2008
1404:on February 15, 2008
1378:on December 10, 2006
1302:on February 13, 2007
1194:on February 15, 2008
1163:on February 15, 2008
1140:on November 7, 2006.
832:on February 6, 2003.
640:United Arab Emirates
35:Christian missionary
1866:on February 3, 2001
1724:on February 3, 2007
1718:"Guerillas for God"
1506:Religion Dispatches
1347:on January 17, 2004
1250:on November 7, 2011
1086:Pew Research Center
354:865 million Muslims
257:territorial spirits
123:10/40 Window region
1977:Christian missions
1924:Christianity Today
1763:Christianity Today
1219:Christianity today
928:"The 10/40 Window"
667:eastern hemisphere
357:550 million Hindus
317:The World Factbook
145:magazine in 1990.
27:
1957:10/40 Window Maps
1816:Charisma Magazine
1802:978-90-393-4829-1
1647:Charisma Magazine
1481:978-981-230-754-5
1188:Charisma Magazine
1157:Charisma Magazine
938:on April 28, 2007
904:978-1-908416-17-9
862:Mark A. Lamport,
263:, founder of the
253:spiritual mapping
249:spiritual warfare
174:percent Christian
2004:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1926:. Archived from
1914:
1912:
1911:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1818:. Archived from
1806:
1790:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1765:. Archived from
1753:
1751:
1750:
1741:. Archived from
1733:
1731:
1729:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1699:. Archived from
1687:
1685:
1683:
1674:. Archived from
1662:
1660:
1658:
1649:. Archived from
1628:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1444:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1400:. Archived from
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1374:. Archived from
1366:Lightman, Alan.
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1343:. Archived from
1333:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1298:. Archived from
1292:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1276:on April 2, 2012
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1190:. Archived from
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1159:. Archived from
1148:
1142:
1141:
1136:. Archived from
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1106:. Archived from
1095:
1089:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1056:
1055:
1048:
1039:
1033:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1003:
997:
996:
982:
976:
975:
973:
971:
962:. Archived from
955:
949:
947:
945:
943:
924:
915:
914:
913:
911:
896:
876:
867:
860:
854:
852:
850:
848:
843:on March 4, 2007
833:
828:. Archived from
809:
796:
790:
773:
766:
760:
754:
747:
722:
719:
697:Great Commission
47:40 degrees north
2012:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1967:
1966:
1947:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1917:
1909:
1907:
1906:on July 2, 2001
1898:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1847:
1834:
1825:
1823:
1809:
1803:
1788:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1756:
1748:
1746:
1736:
1727:
1725:
1715:
1706:
1704:
1690:
1681:
1679:
1665:
1656:
1654:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1552:
1538:
1536:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1511:
1509:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1482:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1407:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1113:
1111:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1080:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1025:
1017:
1013:
1004:
1000:
984:
983:
979:
969:
967:
958:
956:
952:
941:
939:
926:
925:
918:
909:
907:
905:
878:
877:
870:
861:
857:
846:
844:
835:
826:
811:
810:
799:
793:Operation World
791:
776:
767:
763:
749:
748:
735:
731:
726:
725:
720:
716:
711:
683:
661:These were all
659:
373:
366:17 million Jews
326:
282:
273:New Life Church
261:C. Peter Wagner
237:
163:quality of life
151:
99:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2010:
2008:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1946:
1945:External links
1943:
1941:
1940:
1915:
1896:
1876:
1856:
1832:
1807:
1801:
1779:
1754:
1734:
1713:
1688:
1663:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1625:Jewish sources
1616:
1602:
1592:
1578:
1564:
1550:
1545:Newspapers.com
1519:
1491:
1480:
1456:
1435:(2): 110–144.
1415:
1389:
1358:
1328:
1313:
1287:
1261:
1231:
1205:
1174:
1143:
1121:
1090:
1074:
1057:
1040:
1038:, p. 193.
1023:
1011:
998:
977:
950:
916:
903:
868:
855:
824:
797:
774:
761:
751:World FactBook
732:
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727:
724:
723:
713:
712:
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707:
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650:Western Sahara
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295:
292:
289:
281:
278:
236:
233:
229:US Evangelical
222:
221:
198:
178:
177:
166:
150:
147:
98:
95:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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2009:
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1928:the original
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1904:the original
1888:. Retrieved
1884:the original
1868:. Retrieved
1864:the original
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1839:
1824:. Retrieved
1820:the original
1815:
1784:
1771:. Retrieved
1767:the original
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1743:the original
1726:. Retrieved
1722:the original
1705:. Retrieved
1701:the original
1696:
1680:. Retrieved
1676:the original
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1651:the original
1646:
1634:Bibliography
1619:
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1543:– via
1537:. Retrieved
1532:
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1512:September 8,
1510:. Retrieved
1504:
1494:
1486:Google Books
1484:– via
1466:
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1432:
1428:
1418:
1408:November 20,
1406:. Retrieved
1402:the original
1392:
1382:November 20,
1380:. Retrieved
1376:the original
1371:
1361:
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1345:the original
1340:
1331:
1316:
1304:. Retrieved
1300:the original
1290:
1280:November 20,
1278:. Retrieved
1274:the original
1264:
1254:November 20,
1252:. Retrieved
1248:the original
1243:
1234:
1224:November 20,
1222:. Retrieved
1218:
1208:
1198:November 20,
1196:. Retrieved
1192:the original
1187:
1177:
1167:November 20,
1165:. Retrieved
1161:the original
1156:
1146:
1138:the original
1133:
1124:
1112:. Retrieved
1108:the original
1093:
1077:
1068:
1051:
1036:Holvast 2008
1019:Holvast 2008
1014:
1006:
1001:
987:
980:
968:. Retrieved
964:the original
953:
940:. Retrieved
936:the original
931:
908:, retrieved
884:
863:
858:
845:. Retrieved
841:the original
830:the original
814:
769:
764:
750:
717:
687:40/70 window
660:
635:Turkmenistan
581:Saudi Arabia
411:Burkina Faso
374:
342:
327:
315:
309:
307:
298:
283:
246:
238:
226:
223:
182:10/40 Window
181:
179:
173:
169:
156:
152:
140:
138:
127:
122:
119:10/40 Window
118:
114:
105:at the 1989
100:
58:10/40 Window
57:
55:
31:10/40 Window
30:
28:
18:
1900:"Sri Lanka"
1840:Style Guide
1535:. p. 6
1398:"Otherwise"
1321:(in Korean)
599:South Sudan
595:at the time
381:Afghanistan
269:Ted Haggard
202:Philippines
195:South Korea
149:Controversy
1971:Categories
1910:2007-03-01
1836:"Glossary"
1791:(Thesis).
1749:2007-03-01
1240:"Glossary"
1134:CT Library
1114:August 20,
729:References
615:Tajikistan
597:including
541:Mauritania
396:Bangladesh
1451:0166-2740
671:Gibraltar
663:Old World
348:unreached
218:Indonesia
130:unreached
115:10/40 box
103:Luis Bush
62:unreached
39:Luis Bush
1963:analysis
1934:March 1,
1890:March 1,
1870:March 1,
1850:March 1,
1826:March 1,
1773:March 1,
1728:March 1,
1707:March 1,
1682:March 1,
1657:March 1,
1429:Exchange
1324:Srilanka
1306:March 1,
942:March 1,
910:July 27,
847:March 1,
770:Analysis
768:See the
681:See also
620:Thailand
571:Pakistan
451:Ethiopia
436:Djibouti
416:Cambodia
280:Analysis
206:Portugal
79:Buddhist
1351:May 21,
1088:. 2010.
753:. 1990.
645:Vietnam
625:Tunisia
586:Senegal
551:Myanmar
546:Morocco
521:Lebanon
446:Eritrea
391:Bahrain
386:Algeria
91:atheist
83:animist
66:Saharan
51:equator
49:of the
1953:, SNU.
1846:. 2007
1799:
1478:
1449:
901:
822:
630:Turkey
610:Taiwan
511:Kuwait
496:Jordan
486:Israel
461:Guinea
456:Gambia
431:Cyprus
406:Bhutan
314:, and
210:Greece
170:access
142:AD2000
97:Origin
87:Jewish
71:Muslim
1789:(PDF)
1697:Salon
1600:etc.)
1372:Salon
1270:"FAQ"
709:Notes
675:Macau
655:Yemen
605:Syria
591:Sudan
576:Qatar
561:Niger
556:Nepal
536:Malta
526:Libya
491:Japan
471:India
441:Egypt
426:China
401:Benin
89:, or
75:Hindu
29:The "
1936:2007
1892:2007
1872:2007
1852:2007
1828:2007
1797:ISBN
1775:2007
1730:2007
1709:2007
1684:2007
1659:2007
1541:2024
1514:2024
1476:ISBN
1447:ISSN
1410:2011
1384:2011
1353:2018
1308:2007
1282:2011
1256:2011
1226:2011
1200:2011
1169:2011
1116:2007
972:2007
944:2007
932:Time
912:2024
899:ISBN
849:2007
820:ISBN
673:and
566:Oman
531:Mali
516:Laos
481:Iraq
476:Iran
421:Chad
204:and
172:not
45:and
1961:GIS
1437:doi
1244:ANN
993:260
889:doi
299:and
271:'s
255:of
235:Use
191:GNP
1973::
1922:.
1842:.
1838:.
1814:.
1795:.
1761:.
1695:.
1670:.
1645:.
1531:.
1503:.
1474:.
1445:.
1433:49
1431:.
1427:.
1370:.
1339:.
1242:.
1217:.
1186:.
1155:.
1132:.
1101:)
1084:.
1060:^
1043:^
1026:^
930:.
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883:,
871:^
800:^
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736:^
320:.
267:.
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81:,
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43:10
1938:.
1913:.
1894:.
1874:.
1854:.
1830:.
1805:.
1777:.
1752:.
1732:.
1711:.
1686:.
1661:.
1547:.
1516:.
1488:.
1453:.
1439::
1412:.
1386:.
1355:.
1310:.
1284:.
1258:.
1228:.
1202:.
1171:.
1118:.
995:.
974:.
946:.
891::
851:.
601:)
593:(
165:;
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