668:
409:
356:
107:, he later added that the poll was part of a campaign to provide role models of Black Britons of all ages. The website that hosted the survey www.100greatestblackbritons.com received more than a million hits during the online campaign, and more than 100,000 people voted in the poll over three months, choosing from a selection of present-day and historic Black figures. The poll has been described as a landmark moment and one of the most successful movements to focus on the role of people of African and Caribbean descent in British history.
318:
594:
1694:, the NEU's joint general secretary has said: "The NEU supports this competition to celebrate what we have always known: that Britain's history is irrefutably rooted in black and global history". Schools have also been encouraged to engage with the competition, with suggestions that young people could dress up as their favourite Black Briton, create a project or write an essay to honour the legacy and heritage of Black Britons and to celebrate Black British history. Arike Oke, managing director of
792:
246:
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378:(1831), which was the first account of the life of a black woman to be published in the United Kingdom. This first-hand description of the brutalities of enslavement, released at a time when slavery was still legal in Bermuda and British Caribbean colonies, had a galvanising effect on the anti-slavery movement. It was reprinted twice in its first year.
957:
1701:
The results of the updated poll were revealed in a new book published on 24 September 2020. The 2020 list was compiled by a panel after the public was invited to submit nominations and, according to Vernon, "could easily have been called 1,000 Great Black
Britons", based on the volume of nominations,
1677:
and the continuing economic issues faced by black communities across the UK. Repeating the poll was believed to be of great importance as academics and independent scholars have discovered new Black
British historical figures and new role models have emerged since the first poll in 2003. The poll and
1014:
in 1964. Hall took over from
Hoggart as acting director of the Centre in 1968, became its director in 1972, and remained there until 1979. While at the centre, Hall is credited with playing a role in expanding the scope of cultural studies to deal with race and gender, and with helping to incorporate
553:
in 1346, when her husband was away from his kingdom, and she often accompanied him on his expeditions to
Scotland, France, and Flanders. Philippa won much popularity with the English people for her kindness and compassion, which were demonstrated in 1347 when she successfully persuaded King Edward to
1702:
which have been listed in the book, alongside biographies of the top 100. The selection was made from among people who have made major contributions to arts, science, business, philanthropy and other areas in the UK and who had used their positions to advance the Black community. Described by the
198:
in c.1319 describes either
Philippa (then a child) or one of her sisters as "brown of skin all over", with hair "betwixt blue-black and brown"; but, aside from the confusion over who is being described, it is unclear precisely what these terms imply. All known portraits appear to show Philippa as
261:
Grant; 23 November 1805 – 14 May 1881) was a
British-Jamaican businesswoman and nurse who set up the "British Hotel" behind the lines during the Crimean War. Coming from a tradition of Jamaican and West African "doctresses", Seacole used herbal remedies to nurse soldiers back to health. She was
1678:
campaign was re-launched to celebrate and tackle the invisibility of Black people's achievements and contributions in the UK. The public was invited to vote for the most-admired Black Briton in several categories, and from the thousands of nominations received in 2019 a shortlist was selected.
166:
poll and copying the idea. Phoenix said, "Why do we always have to keep reacting to what other people do? We should celebrate our heroes every single day the year and not wait until Black
History Month to bring these issues to public attention". Sam Walker, of the
1710:
book charts two weeks before it was published. With the book's publication, a campaign was launched to pay for a copy to be sent to every secondary school, against the background of calls for Black and other minorities' history to be added to the
889:, to schoolteacher parents, who in 1963 took up the UK Government's offer to people from the crown colonies to settle in the UK. Grant attended Tottenham Technical College, and went on to take a degree course in Mining Engineering at
1660:
poll 16 years after the first poll. This was made in reaction to the lack of awareness in the general of public to Black
British culture, establishment in Britain and Black Britons in general, in addition to both the
2789:
Philippa of
Hainault was a European woman and emphatically not of African ancestry, and absolutely no-one in her own lifetime or long afterwards claimed otherwise, either about her or about any of her relatives and
1685:
campaign, children and young people have been encouraged to explore Black
British history and celebrate the continued legacy and achievements of Black people in Britain. The competition is sponsored by the
3068:
2994:
2540:
2736:
329:(11 December 1919 – 28 February 2006), who migrated to England from Jamaica in 1951, was the founder of one of Britain's largest black majority churches, and was a spiritual leader to the "
122:, and whose contribution was often ignored by the history books. Other figures in the first poll of 100 Greatest Black Britons of all time included musicians, politicians, media figures,
80:
was voted "the greatest Briton ever". At the time, the poll was criticised for lacking in diversity, as out of 100 nominees only 13 were women while none were Black (of African descent).
1666:
464:
1698:, has said: "The resources on the 100 Great Black Britons site can be used by families, parents, guardians and carers to help children understand themselves and their wider history".
2398:
134:
in London. In March 2020, a petition was started to campaign for the temporary field hospital in Birmingham to be named after Mary Seacole after it was established that Birmingham's
847:
for Best British Female Solo Artist in the previous 25 years. Bassey is considered one of the most popular female vocalists in Britain during the second half of the 20th century.
175:
poll, stating that "it doesn't matter whether the poll is a copycat idea; so is Black History Month, which came from America in the late 1980s and has served us well to date".
479:
Since the late 20th century, when his autobiography was published in a new edition, Equiano has been increasingly studied by a range of scholars, including from his homeland.
840:
804:
1669:. The campaign and poll was re-launched by Vernon and Dr Angeline Osborne, an independent researcher and heritage consultant, in the wake of the Windrush scandal, the
1348:
293:
from 1985 to 2003 (and the first area bishop there from 1991), the first Black bishop in the Church of England. On 30 November 2000 – Barbados Independence Day –
3076:
3004:
38:, together with a television series (2002), which featured no Black Britons in the published listing. The result of Vernon's campaign was that in February 2004
606:
2548:
727:
24:
is a poll that was first undertaken in 2003 to vote for and celebrate the greatest Black Britons of all time. It was created in a campaign initiated by
2262:
1007:
182:
on the list was criticised, as historians dispute that she was "black" in any modern sense. She was of predominantly European ancestry, with remote
3194:
3344:
1468:
660:
692:
472:, which abolished the slave trade. Equiano married an English woman named Susannah Cullen in 1792 and they had two daughters. He died in 1797 in
2708:
3290:
876:
103:
in – we've been here for a thousand years. We've influenced and shaped Britain." Believing that people were not aware of the long history of
1608:
995:
2387:
385:
1583:
914:
3172:
3098:
99:, to "raise the profile of the Black contribution to Britain". Vernon said: "Black history hasn't been recognised. We didn't come here at
3262:
3034:
2916:
2571:
573:
Philippa's inclusion on the Black Britons list proved controversial, as historians dispute that she was "black" in any modern sense: see
68:, or who has lived in the British Isles, and has played a significant part in the life of the British Isles". The series was the idea of
2211:
1520:
667:
632:
355:
2973:
2514:
2954:
2935:
2802:
408:
305:, "for his contribution to race relations in the United Kingdom and general contribution to the welfare of Barbadians living there".
2782:
1916:
1213:
753:
468:(1789), which depicted the horrors of slavery. It went through nine editions in his lifetime and helped gain passage of the British
815:
singer whose career began in the mid-1950s, and is well known both for her powerful voice and for recording the theme songs to the
648:
3324:
1100:
1027:
906:
2676:
2008:
1712:
1321:
949:
147:
3334:
3329:
2838:
2339:
1941:
643:, where he studied classical clarinet, teaching himself the saxophone from the age of 14. He began his music career playing
567:
543:
on 24 January 1328, some months after Edward's accession to the throne of England. In August 1328, he also fixed his wife's
558:. This popularity helped maintain peace in England throughout Edward's long reign. The eldest of her thirteen children was
3339:
2741:
1494:
968:
371:
to an enslaved family of African descent. Subsequent to her escape, when she was living in London, England, she wrote her
2420:
2279:
1208:
130:
were put up in memory of some of the individuals on the list and a statue of Mary Seacole was unveiled in the garden of
3319:
3215:
2812:
2273:
1613:
1090:
827:
2487:
1158:
2806:
1193:
910:
135:
3117:
1982:
1456:
1057:
462:, and he was active among leaders of the anti-slave trade movement in the 1780s. He published his autobiography,
3195:"100 Great Black Britons, Patrick Vernon and Angelina Osborne, book review: 'Inspiring and highly entertaining'"
3142:
2826:
2640:
2285:
2199:
2125:
1687:
1628:
1326:
1125:
937:
617:. Although known primarily for his saxophone playing, Pine is a multi-instrumentalist, also playing the flute,
559:
516:
263:
317:
50:
was re-launched in 2020 in an updated version based on public voting, together with a book of the same title.
1695:
1223:
898:
168:
562:, who became a renowned military leader. Philippa died at the age of 56 from an illness closely related to
3069:"100 Great Black Britons: Former Hackney councillor relaunches poll, calling it 'more relevant than ever'"
2995:"100 Great Black Britons: Former Hackney councillor relaunches poll, calling it 'more relevant than ever'"
1936:
1342:
890:
593:
131:
126:
and even royalty. Response to the list saw Black historical figures being added to the school curriculum,
84:
909:. He quickly became a trade union official, and moved into politics, becoming a Labour councillor in the
2352:
1634:
1011:
640:
523:. Edward promised in 1326 to marry her within the following two years. She was married to Edward, first
278:
2854:
1084:
333:", the first Caribbeans to emigrate in significant numbers to postwar Britain, notably in 1948 on the
3349:
2737:"Petition to name Covid-19 hospital after Jamaican nurse Mary Seacole reaches nearly 5000 signatures"
2331:
2165:
2063:
1746:
1504:
1368:
488:
469:
441:
179:
151:
119:
104:
60:
34:
3234:
2241:
1440:
3314:
1975:
1674:
1265:
1041:
735:
334:
330:
298:
195:
100:
96:
2880:"Oliver Lyseight: Caribbean immigrant minister who led the New Testament Church of God in Britain"
2107:
2879:
2306:
2231:
2073:
2045:
1644:
1295:
1229:
1178:
1031:
882:
555:
528:
1173:
3239:
3042:
2913:
2889:
2834:
2778:
2648:
2579:
2335:
1799:
1562:
1546:
872:
821:
702:
684:
536:
302:
290:
77:
2970:
2091:
1855:
1833:
1733:
1707:
1662:
1409:
1218:
1147:
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1040:
called him "one of the country's leading cultural theorists". Hall was also involved in the
991:
987:
833:
808:
765:
761:
680:
635:, his father a carpenter and his mother a housing manager. As a child, Pine wanted to be an
433:
425:
123:
2951:
2932:
162:
Paul Phoenix, of Black Parents in Education, criticised the poll for being inspired by the
2999:
2977:
2958:
2939:
2920:
2393:
2256:
2251:
2236:
2153:
2113:
2085:
2052:
1993:
1970:
1964:
1953:
1839:
1827:
1814:
1793:
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1556:
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1509:
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1429:
1394:
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1245:
1183:
1110:
1023:
1016:
1002:
983:
772:
714:
520:
401:
372:
495:
367:(c. 1 October 1788 – after 1833) was a British abolitionist and autobiographer, born in
2768:
2713:
2319:
2193:
2170:
2014:
1931:
1911:
1905:
1888:
1849:
1820:
1771:
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1603:
1593:
1572:
1488:
1315:
1290:
1239:
1203:
1163:
1142:
1137:
1131:
1120:
1053:
979:
886:
784:
743:
739:
698:
524:
455:
381:
200:
191:
88:
25:
837:(1979). In January 1959, Bassey became the first Welsh person to gain a No. 1 single.
791:
380:
Prince had her account transcribed while living and working in England at the home of
3308:
3235:"This GoFundMe Aims To Get New Book 100 Great Black Britons In Schools Across The UK"
2327:
2295:
2226:
2187:
2175:
2159:
2147:
2131:
2068:
2027:
1926:
1866:
1776:
1623:
1530:
1514:
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1373:
1358:
1331:
1045:
926:
757:
622:
614:
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508:
459:
65:
203:
concludes that she was "a European woman and emphatically not of African ancestry".
2492:
2290:
2246:
2205:
2142:
2137:
2097:
2034:
2003:
1988:
1921:
1899:
1883:
1878:
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1739:
1728:
1577:
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1270:
1168:
1095:
1079:
1074:
1049:
1036:
922:
918:
856:
812:
613:
musician, who was the principal founder in the 1980s of the black British band the
540:
532:
454:
in London, Equiano supported the British abolitionist movement. He was part of the
294:
238:
143:
111:
83:
In response to the absence of any Black people in the "100 Greatest Britons poll",
43:
39:
2772:
2609:
2301:
2221:
2216:
2181:
2119:
2102:
2040:
2021:
1998:
1947:
1894:
1871:
1861:
1808:
1567:
1525:
1478:
1445:
1434:
1404:
1337:
1250:
1234:
1198:
1188:
990:, was one of the founding figures of the school of thought that is now known as
975:
902:
844:
473:
348:
245:
127:
115:
2079:
1958:
1765:
1639:
1499:
1399:
1383:
1363:
1255:
1153:
816:
695:
from 1992 to 2003, and the first black leader of a major British trade union.
445:
3173:"Steve McQueen and Bernardine Evaristo named among '100 great black Britons'"
3046:
2893:
2652:
2428:
1706:
as "inspiring and highly educational", the book was ranked at the top of the
917:, one of the UK's first Black British MPs, being elected at the same time as
2884:
2457:
1844:
1753:
1389:
1378:
1353:
930:
894:
636:
183:
69:
691:, is a former British trade union leader. He was General Secretary of the
3267:
2058:
1483:
1115:
618:
451:
429:
139:
956:
756:, Trinidad and Tobago, to Josephine and Lawson McDonald. McDonald is of
2268:
1022:
Hall left the centre in 1979 to become a professor of sociology at the
972:
437:
389:
368:
73:
64:, with the definition of a great Briton as "anyone who was born in the
2831:
The Perfect King: the life of Edward III, father of the English nation
321:
Founding Father of the New Testament Church of God England & Wales
270:(1857), is one of the earliest autobiographies of a mixed-race woman.
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
1670:
1305:
936:
In September 2007, in Tottenham, London, Haringey Council opened the
843:(DBE) for services to the performing arts. In 1977, she received the
644:
550:
142:
patients: this was in response to the temporary hospital at London's
3146:
897:, Scotland. In the mid-1960s, he was, for a period, a member of the
428:), was a writer and abolitionist from, according to his memoir, the
2671:
2669:
448:
officer. He was sold twice more but purchased his freedom in 1766.
444:
as a child, he was taken to the Caribbean and sold as a slave to a
955:
790:
666:
592:
563:
544:
494:
407:
354:
316:
244:
194:/Asian) ancestry on her mother's side. A report written by Bishop
187:
58:
In 2002, the BBC launched a campaign and television series called
2488:"The 100 greatest Britons: lots of pop, not so much circumstance"
1030:, 1995–97. He retired from the Open University in 1997 and was a
971:(3 February 1932 – 10 February 2014) was a Jamaican-born British
2808:
The Register of Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter, 1307–1326
610:
2702:
2700:
2698:
118:
and who is often overshadowed by the work of her contemporary,
3099:"Celebrating Black History Month with 100 Great Black Britons"
2677:"Windrush Day pioneer relaunches Great Black Britons campaign"
747:
29:
2988:
2986:
110:
Top of the subsequent list of 100 Greatest Black Britons was
3216:"100 Great Black Britons book becomes an instant bestseller"
2515:"Victory for Churchill as he wins the battle of the Britons"
1015:
new ideas derived from the work of French theorists such as
2541:"Every Generation Media – 100 Great Black Britons Campaign"
1656:
In 2019, the decision was taken to relaunch and update the
539:, in October 1327. The marriage was celebrated formally in
3035:"Home school competition celebrates black British history"
742:
and journalist, best known for his career as a television
1052:
also see him as one of their heroes. Hall was married to
420:(c. 1745 – 31 March 1797), known for most of his life as
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
1667:
2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
465:
The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano
1723:
Unlike the earlier list, the 2020 list is not ranked:
913:
in 1978. He was elected as the MP for Tottenham at the
3291:"Campaign to bring British black history to schools"
2572:"Best Brits: Search on for nation's all-time heroes"
1056:, a feminist professor of modern British history at
1000:
In the 1950s, Hall was a founder of the influential
3263:"Windrush activist lists '100 great black Britons'"
3188:
3186:
2774:Philippa of Hainault: mother of the English nation
2386:
392:to London with her master and his family in 1828.
841:Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire
677:William Manuel Morris, Baron Morris of Handsworth
268:Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands
91:launched a website and the alternative campaign,
2709:"Robinson snaps up 100 Great Black Britons book"
875:politician who was the Member of Parliament for
42:was announced as having been voted the greatest
3210:
3208:
2388:"The top 10 black Britons (but one may not be)"
629:, he plays almost exclusively bass clarinet.
8:
1836:, Baroness Benjamin of Beckenham OM, DBE, DL
867:(17 February 1944 – 8 April 2000), known as
609:(born 18 March 1964 in London) is a British
499:14th-century noblewoman and queen of England
76:, and in the final results of the BBC poll,
3166:
3164:
687:(born 19 October 1938), generally known as
3033:Busby, Mattha; Marsh, Sarah (1 May 2020).
515:; 24 June c.1310/15 – 15 August 1369) was
2763:
2761:
2759:
1006:. At Hoggart's invitation, he joined the
982:and political activist. Hall, along with
114:, a nurse who helped soldiers during the
2634:
2632:
2630:
1008:Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
775:in 1999 for his services to journalism.
249:British-Jamaican businesswoman and nurse
215:
2570:Bascombe, Dominic (6–12 October 2003).
2481:
2479:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2364:
3118:"Black Lives Matter: What can you do?"
2521:. BBC – Press Office. 25 November 2002
3289:Vukmirovic, James (29 October 2020).
2833:. London: Jonathan Cape. p. 34.
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2385:Bloomfield, Steve (8 February 2004).
996:Birmingham School of Cultural Studies
7:
3143:"100 Great Black Britons – The Book"
2116:, Baroness Lawrence of Clarendon OBE
693:Transport and General Workers' Union
458:, an abolitionist group composed of
3171:Siddique, Haroon (1 October 2020).
2639:Taylor, Matthew (1 February 2004).
2458:"Nurse named greatest black Briton"
2212:David Pitt, Baron Pitt of Hampstead
186:ancestry on her father's side, and
1715:being rejected by the government.
865:Bernard Alexander Montgomery Grant
720:British newsreader and journalist
649:Clint Eastwood & General Saint
625:and keyboards. On his 2011 album,
14:
3233:Fearn, Rebecca (1 October 2020).
2610:"Who is your great black Briton?"
1060:, with whom he had two children.
960:Sociologist and cultural theorist
905:. This later became known as the
3261:Powe, Gabriel (1 October 2020).
3193:Birch, Sarah (27 October 2020).
2641:"Nurse is greatest Black Briton"
1028:British Sociological Association
879:from 1987 to his death in 2000.
839:In 2000, Bassey was appointed a
764:descent and his father being of
3067:Gelder, Sam (17 October 2019).
2993:Gelder, Sam (17 October 2019).
2777:. Stroud: Amberley Publishing.
2771:(2019). "The Hainault family".
2707:Chandler, Mark (10 June 2019).
2401:from the original on 1 May 2022
412:African abolitionist and author
313:Dr Oliver Lyseight (1919–2006)
301:, the highest class within the
46:. Following the original poll,
3345:Lists of British award winners
2608:John, Cindi (1 October 2003).
760:heritage, his mother being of
574:
531:"to marry her in his name" in
171:, responded in support of the
1:
2735:Motune, Vic (31 March 2020).
2486:Wells, Matt (2 August 2002).
925:, as well as Britain's first
639:. Born in London, he went to
570:, was founded in her honour.
527:, when Edward dispatched the
16:Public polls in 2003 and 2020
3116:Jones, Alice (9 June 2020).
2859:Black History & Herstory
811:; born 8 January 1937) is a
801:Dame Shirley Veronica Bassey
752:Trevor McDonald was born in
266:in 1871. Her autobiography,
2298:, Baron Woolley of Woodford
907:Workers Revolutionary Party
568:The Queen's College, Oxford
3366:
2980:, 100 Great Black Britons.
2961:, 100 Great Black Britons.
2942:, 100 Great Black Britons.
1194:Elizabeth Barrett Browning
1026:. He was President of the
911:London Borough of Haringey
460:Africans living in Britain
376:The History of Mary Prince
289:(born 15 June 1936) was a
136:National Exhibition Centre
2803:Hingeston-Randolph, F. C.
1983:Mohamed Muktar Jama Farah
1058:University College London
1044:. Film directors such as
535:, the second city of the
359:Writer and enslaved woman
287:Wilfred Denniston Wood KA
262:posthumously awarded the
95:, in October 2003 during
2957:11 February 2021 at the
2923:100 Great Black Britons.
2919:26 February 2021 at the
2811:. London: Bell. p.
2286:Henry Sylvester Williams
1688:National Education Union
1673:referendum, the rise of
1629:Henry Sylvester Williams
992:British Cultural Studies
938:Bernie Grant Arts Centre
560:Edward, the Black Prince
3325:Lists of British people
2976:6 November 2020 at the
2855:"Dr. Oliver A Lyseight"
2425:100 Great Black Britons
2324:100 Great Black Britons
1696:Black Cultural Archives
1683:100 Great Black Britons
1658:100 Great Black Britons
1224:Samuel Coleridge-Taylor
899:Socialist Labour League
734:; 16 August 1939) is a
647:, touring in 1981 with
554:spare the lives of the
264:Jamaican Order of Merit
178:The inclusion of Queen
173:100 Great Black Britons
169:Black Cultural Archives
138:would be used to treat
93:100 Great Black Britons
48:100 Great Black Britons
21:100 Great Black Britons
3145:. 2020. Archived from
2322:and Angelina Osborne,
1989:Lenford Kwesi Garrison
1937:Quobna Ottobah Cugoano
961:
891:Heriot-Watt University
796:
672:
671:British trade unionist
598:
500:
413:
360:
322:
250:
105:Black people in the UK
3335:Black British history
3330:Lists of black people
2545:everygeneration.co.uk
2353:List of Black Britons
1736:, Baron Adebowale CBE
1068:2003 poll – full list
1012:Birmingham University
959:
950:Professor Stuart Hall
915:1987 general election
794:
670:
641:Kingsbury High School
596:
498:
411:
358:
320:
248:
72:, then Controller of
3340:Black British people
3222:. 24 September 2020.
2938:9 March 2021 at the
2166:Phyllis Opoku-Gyimah
2064:Linton Kwesi Johnson
1747:Maggie Aderin-Pocock
1369:Linton Kwesi Johnson
1034:. British newspaper
873:British Labour Party
828:Diamonds Are Forever
631:Pine's parents were
505:Philippa of Hainault
489:Philippa of Hainault
470:Slave Trade Act 1807
388:. She had gone from
386:Anti-Slavery Society
180:Philippa of Hainault
164:100 Greatest Britons
152:Florence Nightingale
148:Nightingale Hospital
120:Florence Nightingale
61:100 Greatest Britons
35:100 Greatest Britons
3149:on 12 February 2022
2971:"Dr. O.A. Lyseight"
1976:Bernardine Evaristo
1713:National Curriculum
1675:right-wing populism
1042:Black Arts Movement
966:Stuart McPhail Hall
927:British South Asian
724:Sir Trevor McDonald
715:Sir Trevor McDonald
697:Morris sits in the
633:Jamaican immigrants
513:Philippe de Hainaut
384:, a founder of the
331:Windrush generation
299:Knight of St Andrew
279:Bishop Wilfred Wood
217:
196:Walter de Stapledon
132:St Thomas' Hospital
97:Black History Month
3320:Greatest Nationals
3295:Express & Star
3105:. 14 October 2020.
2914:"Dounne Alexander"
2464:. 10 February 2004
2307:Benjamin Zephaniah
2074:Sheku Kanneh-Mason
2046:Rose Hudson-Wilkin
1790:, Baroness Amos CH
1652:2019–2020 relaunch
1645:Benjamin Zephaniah
1230:Learie Constantine
1179:George Bridgetower
1032:professor emeritus
962:
881:Grant was born in
797:
673:
599:
556:Burghers of Calais
549:Philippa acted as
529:Bishop of Coventry
501:
414:
361:
327:Dr Oliver Lyseight
323:
251:
216:
3103:Keeping the Faith
2888:. 19 April 2006.
2683:. 2 November 2019
2274:Robert Wedderburn
2051:Eric Huntley and
1800:Elizabeth Anionwu
1614:Robert Wedderburn
1563:Septimius Severus
1547:Patricia Scotland
1065:
1064:
980:cultural theorist
537:County of Hainaut
491:(1310/15 – 1369)
303:Order of Barbados
297:appointed Wood a
291:Bishop of Croydon
255:Mary Jane Seacole
207:2003 poll results
199:white. Historian
124:religious leaders
78:Winston Churchill
28:in response to a
3357:
3299:
3298:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3230:
3224:
3223:
3212:
3203:
3202:
3190:
3181:
3180:
3168:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3075:. Archived from
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3053:
3030:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3003:. Archived from
2990:
2981:
2968:
2962:
2949:
2943:
2930:
2924:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2765:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2704:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2636:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2605:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2578:. Archived from
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2547:. Archived from
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2454:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2427:. Archived from
2417:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2390:
2382:
2092:Kwame Kwei-Armah
1942:William Davidson
1856:Malorie Blackman
1834:Floella Benjamin
1826:Colour Sergeant
1805:Dr Elaine Arnold
1734:Victor Adebowale
1663:Windrush scandal
1410:Stephen Lawrence
1349:Roselind Howells
1219:Linford Christie
1148:Floella Benjamin
1106:Joan Armatrading
1085:Dounne Alexander
988:Raymond Williams
597:British musician
517:Queen of England
436:(today southern
434:Kingdom of Benin
218:
146:being named the
85:Every Generation
3365:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3273:
3271:
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3214:
3213:
3206:
3199:Hackney Citizen
3192:
3191:
3184:
3170:
3169:
3162:
3152:
3150:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3122:Hackney Citizen
3115:
3114:
3110:
3097:
3096:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3073:Hackney Gazette
3066:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3049:
3032:
3031:
3020:
3010:
3008:
3000:Hackney Gazette
2992:
2991:
2984:
2978:Wayback Machine
2969:
2965:
2959:Wayback Machine
2952:"Niger Val Dub"
2950:
2946:
2940:Wayback Machine
2933:"Patrick Berry"
2931:
2927:
2921:Wayback Machine
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2878:
2877:
2873:
2863:
2861:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2841:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2785:
2769:Warner, Kathryn
2767:
2766:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2706:
2705:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2638:
2637:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2607:
2606:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2582:on 24 June 2021
2569:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2551:on 21 June 2020
2539:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2485:
2484:
2477:
2467:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2404:
2402:
2394:The Independent
2384:
2383:
2366:
2361:
2349:
2316:
2311:
2263:Paul Stephenson
2257:Yinka Shonibare
2252:Menelik Shabazz
2237:Ignatius Sancho
2154:Chi-chi Nwanoku
2132:Thomas Molyneux
2114:Doreen Lawrence
2053:Jessica Huntley
1994:George the Poet
1971:Olaudah Equiano
1965:Edward Enninful
1954:John Edmonstone
1917:Queen Charlotte
1840:Munroe Bergdorf
1828:Johnson Beharry
1815:Winifred Atwell
1798:Professor Dame
1794:Kehinde Andrews
1721:
1704:Hackney Citizen
1681:As part of the
1654:
1649:
1599:Randolph Turpin
1589:Caroll Thompson
1541:Tessa Sanderson
1536:Ignatius Sancho
1510:Trevor Phillips
1452:Trevor McDonald
1430:George of Lydda
1395:Beverley Knight
1281:Olaudah Equiano
1276:John Edmonstone
1261:Desmond Douglas
1246:Ottobah Cuguano
1214:Queen Charlotte
1184:Yvonne Brewster
1111:Jennette Arnold
1070:
1024:Open University
1017:Michel Foucault
1003:New Left Review
984:Richard Hoggart
732:George McDonald
661:Sir Bill Morris
577:section above.
521:King Edward III
519:as the wife of
418:Olaudah Equiano
402:Olaudah Equiano
373:slave narrative
337:Empire Windrush
214:
209:
160:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3363:
3361:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3281:
3253:
3225:
3204:
3182:
3160:
3134:
3108:
3090:
3079:on 3 July 2020
3059:
3018:
3007:on 3 July 2020
2982:
2963:
2944:
2925:
2906:
2871:
2846:
2839:
2818:
2805:, ed. (1892).
2794:
2783:
2755:
2727:
2714:The Bookseller
2694:
2665:
2626:
2593:
2562:
2532:
2506:
2475:
2442:
2421:"Media Centre"
2412:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2326:. Foreword by
2320:Patrick Vernon
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2242:Stafford Scott
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2203:
2198:Professor Sir
2196:
2194:George Padmore
2191:
2185:
2179:
2173:
2171:Olivette Otele
2168:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2038:
2031:
2025:
2018:
2015:Lewis Hamilton
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1979:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1932:William Cuffay
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1912:Naomi Campbell
1909:
1906:Betty Campbell
1903:
1897:
1892:
1891:CBE, Hon. FRSL
1889:Margaret Busby
1886:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1850:Karen Blackett
1847:
1842:
1837:
1831:
1824:
1821:Jocelyn Barrow
1817:
1812:
1806:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1780:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1750:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1692:Kevin Courtney
1653:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1619:Arthur Wharton
1616:
1611:
1606:
1604:Rudolph Walker
1601:
1596:
1594:Daley Thompson
1591:
1586:
1580:
1575:
1573:Julius Soubise
1570:
1565:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:Queen Philippa
1502:
1497:
1495:Herman Ouseley
1491:
1489:Bruce Oldfield
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1454:
1448:
1443:
1441:O. A. Lyseight
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1340:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1318:
1316:Jeremy Guscott
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:Michael Fuller
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1240:William Cuffay
1237:
1232:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:Naomi Campbell
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1164:Oswald Boateng
1161:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1143:Brendan Batson
1140:
1138:Shirley Bassey
1134:
1132:Jocelyn Barrow
1128:
1123:
1121:Francis Barber
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1054:Catherine Hall
963:
953:
947:
943:
942:
887:British Guiana
862:
860:
854:
850:
849:
798:
788:
785:Shirley Bassey
782:
778:
777:
744:news presenter
721:
718:
712:
708:
707:
699:House of Lords
674:
664:
658:
654:
653:
600:
590:
584:
580:
579:
502:
492:
486:
482:
481:
456:Sons of Africa
432:region of the
422:Gustavus Vassa
415:
405:
399:
395:
394:
382:Thomas Pringle
362:
352:
346:
342:
341:
324:
314:
311:
307:
306:
284:
282:
276:
272:
271:
252:
242:
236:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
213:
210:
208:
205:
201:Kathryn Warner
159:
156:
89:Patrick Vernon
55:
52:
26:Patrick Vernon
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3362:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3282:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3257:
3254:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3226:
3221:
3217:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3200:
3196:
3189:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3094:
3091:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3063:
3060:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3006:
3002:
3001:
2996:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2910:
2907:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2872:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2842:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2827:Mortimer, Ian
2822:
2819:
2814:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2786:
2784:9781445662800
2780:
2776:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2695:
2682:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2627:
2615:
2611:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2520:
2519:www.bbc.co.uk
2516:
2510:
2507:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2431:on 6 May 2021
2430:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2389:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2328:David Olusoga
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2296:Simon Woolley
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:Bill Richmond
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2188:David Oyelowo
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:David Olusoga
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2148:Grace Nichols
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2126:Steve McQueen
2123:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2069:Claudia Jones
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2029:
2028:Lubaina Himid
2026:
2023:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Lloyd Coxsone
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Dennis Bovell
1865:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1777:John Akomfrah
1775:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1624:Willard White
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1609:Andrew Watson
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:Courtney Pine
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1474:Martin Offiah
1472:
1470:
1466:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:Claudia Jones
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
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3220:Diversity UK
3219:
3198:
3177:The Guardian
3176:
3153:13 September
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3147:the original
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2461:
2433:. Retrieved
2429:the original
2424:
2415:
2403:. Retrieved
2392:
2323:
2291:Allan Wilmot
2280:Sharon White
2247:Mary Seacole
2206:Alex Pascall
2200:Geoff Palmer
2143:Olive Morris
2138:Harold Moody
2108:Marai Larasi
2098:John La Rose
2035:Kelly Holmes
2004:Bernie Grant
1922:Edric Connor
1900:Earl Cameron
1884:Vanley Burke
1879:Aggrey Burke
1788:Valerie Amos
1783:Ira Aldridge
1760:David Adjaye
1740:Ade Adepitan
1729:Diane Abbott
1722:
1703:
1700:
1682:
1680:
1657:
1655:
1635:Wilfred Wood
1578:Moira Stuart
1552:Mary Seacole
1463:Harold Moody
1457:Paul McGrath
1425:Lennox Lewis
1420:Denise Lewis
1415:Angie Le Mar
1311:Bernie Grant
1301:Len Garrison
1286:Chris Eubank
1271:Ms. Dynamite
1169:Paul Boateng
1096:Viv Anderson
1091:Valerie Amos
1080:Ira Aldridge
1075:Diane Abbott
1050:Isaac Julien
1037:The Observer
1035:
1021:
1001:
999:
965:
952:(1932–2014)
935:
923:Paul Boateng
919:Diane Abbott
880:
869:Bernie Grant
868:
864:
859:(1944–2000)
857:Bernie Grant
838:
832:
831:(1971), and
826:
820:
800:
795:Welsh singer
787:(born 1937)
770:
754:San Fernando
751:
731:
723:
717:(born 1939)
703:Labour Party
696:
688:
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663:(born 1938)
630:
626:
602:
589:(born 1964)
572:
548:
541:York Minster
533:Valenciennes
512:
504:
478:
463:
449:
421:
417:
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379:
375:
364:
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336:
326:
286:
281:(born 1936)
267:
258:
254:
241:(1805–1881)
239:Mary Seacole
177:
172:
163:
161:
144:ExCel centre
128:blue plaques
112:Mary Seacole
109:
92:
82:
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57:
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44:Black Briton
40:Mary Seacole
33:
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3350:Black elite
2302:Gary Younge
2232:Marcia Rigg
2222:Marvin Rees
2217:Mary Prince
2182:Elsie Owusu
2120:Andrea Levy
2103:David Lammy
2041:Darcus Howe
2022:Lenny Henry
2009:Stuart Hall
1999:Paul Gilroy
1948:Linda Dobbs
1895:Dawn Butler
1872:Sonia Boyce
1862:John Blanke
1809:Amma Asante
1762:OM, OBE, RA
1584:John Taylor
1568:Zadie Smith
1526:Mary Prince
1479:Chris Ofili
1469:Bill Morris
1446:Val McCalla
1435:Phil Lynott
1405:David Lammy
1338:Lenny Henry
1327:Al Hamilton
1322:Stuart Hall
1251:Craig David
1235:John Conteh
1199:Frank Bruno
1189:Errol Brown
1126:John Barnes
1101:John Archer
976:sociologist
903:Gerry Healy
736:Trinidadian
689:Bill Morris
474:Westminster
365:Mary Prince
349:Mary Prince
230:Notability
116:Crimean War
32:search for
3315:2003 works
3309:Categories
3274:17 October
3246:17 October
2864:28 October
2840:022407301X
2586:29 October
2435:27 October
2359:References
2340:1472144309
2330:. London:
2176:Horace Ové
2080:Jackie Kay
2057:Professor
1959:Idris Elba
1766:John Agard
1752:Professor
1690:(NEU) and
1665:" and the
1640:Ian Wright
1521:David Pitt
1500:Mica Paris
1400:Cleo Laine
1384:Kanya King
1364:Lee Jasper
1320:Professor
1209:David Case
1174:Nana Bonsu
1154:Nigel Benn
883:Georgetown
845:Brit Award
822:Goldfinger
817:James Bond
740:newsreader
446:Royal Navy
54:Background
3047:0261-3077
2894:0140-0460
2885:The Times
2653:0261-3077
2576:The Voice
2184:OBE, RIBA
1978:OBE, FRSL
1845:Jak Beula
1754:Hakim Adi
1719:2020 list
1545:Baroness
1390:Oona King
1388:Baroness
1379:Janet Kay
1354:Paul Ince
1347:Baroness
1296:Gabrielle
1089:Baroness
931:Keith Vaz
901:, led by
895:Edinburgh
877:Tottenham
834:Moonraker
768:descent.
738:-British
637:astronaut
575:Criticism
335:HMT
295:the Queen
158:Criticism
70:Jane Root
3268:The Week
2974:Archived
2955:Archived
2936:Archived
2917:Archived
2829:(2006).
2614:BBC News
2462:BBC News
2399:Archived
2347:See also
2334:, 2020,
2332:Robinson
2086:Sam King
2059:Gus John
1561:Emperor
1484:Ben Okri
1116:Jazzie B
871:, was a
825:(1964),
773:knighted
619:clarinet
525:by proxy
452:freedman
442:Enslaved
184:Armenian
140:COVID-19
101:Windrush
2658:19 June
2555:19 June
2525:19 June
2499:19 June
2468:19 June
2269:Stormzy
2259:CBE, RA
2030:CBE, RA
1874:OBE, RA
1830:VC, COG
1802:OM, DBE
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369:Bermuda
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3127:3 July
3083:3 July
3052:3 July
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3011:3 July
2899:3 July
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2720:3 July
2687:3 July
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2619:3 July
2405:7 June
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1708:Amazon
1671:Brexit
1306:Goldie
1242:
1150:
819:films
766:Indian
758:Dougla
730:(born
705:whip.
645:reggae
627:Europa
551:regent
227:image
212:Top 10
192:Turkic
150:after
2278:Dame
2033:Dame
1946:Dame
1819:Dame
1772:Akala
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1467:Lord
1228:Lord
1136:Dame
1130:Dame
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224:Name
221:Rank
188:Cuman
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3248:2020
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3129:2020
3085:2020
3054:2020
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2901:2020
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