2070:
2546:
2018:(MMF). In SMF light follows a single path through the fiber while in MMF it takes multiple paths resulting in differential mode delay (DMD). SMF is used for long-distance communication and MMF is used for distances of less than 300 m. SMF has a narrower core (8.3 μm) which requires a more precise termination and connection method. MMF has a wider core (50 or 62.5 μm). The advantage of MMF is that it can be driven by a low cost
2476:, is a standard released in 2006 to provide 10 Gbit/s connections over unshielded or shielded twisted pair cables, over distances up to 100 metres (330 ft). Category 6A is required to reach the full distance and category 5e or 6 may reach up to 55 metres (180 ft) depending on the quality of installation. 10GBASE-T cable infrastructure can also be used for 1000BASE-T allowing a gradual upgrade from 1000BASE-T using
4396:
33:
1992:
2388:. These DAC types connect directly into an SFP+ housing. SFP+ direct attach has a fixed-length cable, up to 15 m for copper cables. Like 10GBASE-CX4, DA is low-power, low-cost and low-latency with the added advantages of using less bulky cables and of having the small SFP+ form factor. SFP+ direct attach today is tremendously popular, with more ports installed than 10GBASE-SR.
2456:
4408:
326:
2203:(980 ft) on standard single-mode fiber (SMF, G.652), however this is not part of the IEEE or MSA specification. To ensure that specifications are met over FDDI-grade, OM1 and OM2 fibers, the transmitter should be coupled through a mode conditioning patch cord. No mode conditioning patch cord is required for applications over OM3 or OM4.
2347:
353:. When choosing a PHY module, a designer considers cost, reach, media type, power consumption, and size (form factor). A single point-to-point link can have different MSA pluggable formats on either end (e.g. XPAK and SFP+) as long as the 10GbE optical or copper port type (e.g. 10GBASE-SR) supported by the pluggable is identical.
2061:(AOC). These have the optical electronics already connected eliminating the connectors between the cable and the optical module. They plug into standard SFP+ sockets. They are lower cost than other optical solutions because the manufacturer can match the electronics to the required length and type of cable.
2198:
10GBASE-LRM, (long reach multi-mode) originally specified in IEEE 802.3aq is a port type for multi-mode fiber and uses 1310 nm lasers. Its 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its PMD sublayer in Clause 68. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 GBd. 10GBASE-LRM
2053:
To distinguish SMF from MMF cables, SMF cables are usually yellow, while MMF cables are orange (OM1 & OM2) or aqua (OM3 & OM4). However, in fiber optics there is no uniform color for any specific optical speed or technology with the exception being the angled physical contact connector (APC),
372:
group, it is smaller still and lower power than XFP. SFP+ has become the most popular socket on 10GE systems. SFP+ modules do only optical to electrical conversion, no clock and data recovery, putting a higher burden on the host's channel equalization. SFP+ modules share a common physical form factor
2592:
The WAN PHY uses the same 10GBASE-S, 10GBASE-L and 10GBASE-E optical PMDs as the LAN PHYs and is designated as 10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW or 10GBASE-EW. Its 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 clause 49 and its PMD sublayers in clause 52. It also uses a WAN interface sublayer (WIS) defined in clause 50
3807:
The Arista 7100T switches support 10GBASE-T over
Category 6a cabling up to 100m, but also support Category 5e (Performance of 10GBASE-T over Cat-5e cabling is not specified in the standard and thus cannot be guaranteed. Field testing is recommended before deployment to establish the feasibility of
2202:
10GBASE-LRM allows distances up to 220 metres (720 ft) on FDDI-grade multi-mode fiber and the same 220m maximum reach on OM1, OM2 and OM3 fiber types. 10GBASE-LRM reach is not quite as far as the older 10GBASE-LX4 standard. Some 10GBASE-LRM transceivers also allow distances up to 300 metres
392:(SFI) interface. XENPAK, X2, and XPAK modules use XAUI to connect to their hosts. XAUI (XGXS) uses a four-lane data channel and is specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 47. XFP modules use a XFI interface and SFP+ modules use an SFI interface. XFI and SFI use a single lane data channel and the
116:: in 2007, one million 10GbE ports were shipped, in 2009 two million ports were shipped, and in 2010 over three million ports were shipped, with an estimated nine million ports in 2011. As of 2012, although the price per gigabit of bandwidth for 10GbE was about one-third compared to
2045:
OM1, OM2, OM3 and OM4. OM1 has a 62.5 μm core while the others have a 50 μm core. At 850 nm the minimum modal bandwidth of OM1 is 200 MHz·km, of OM2 500 MHz·km, of OM3 2000 MHz·km and of OM4 4700 MHz·km. FDDI-grade cable is now obsolete and new
2323:, this is accomplished using a passive prism inside each optical transceiver and a matched pair of transceivers using two different wavelengths such as 1270 and 1330 nm. Modules are available in varying transmit powers and reach distances ranging from 10 to 80 km.
2230:
Several manufacturers have introduced 80 km (50 mi) range under the name 10GBASE-ZR. This 80 km PHY is not specified within the IEEE 802.3ae standard and manufacturers have created their own specifications based upon the 80 km PHY described in the
2303:
and uses 1577 nm lasers in the downstream direction and 1270 nm lasers in the upstream direction. Its PMD sublayer is specified in Clause 75. Downstream delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 Gbit/s in a point to multi-point configuration.
356:
XENPAK was the first MSA for 10GE and had the largest form factor. X2 and XPAK were later competing standards with smaller form factors. X2 and XPAK have not been as successful in the market as XENPAK. XFP came after X2 and XPAK and it is also smaller.
2211:
10GBASE-ER (extended reach) is a port type for single-mode fiber and uses 1550 nm lasers. Its 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its PMD sublayer in Clause 52. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 GBd.
2538:(2). Another 1536 bits are uncoded. Within each 1723+1536 block, there are 1+50+8+1 signaling and error detection bits and 3200 data bits (and occupy 320 ns on the line). In contrast, PAM-5 is the modulation technique used in 1000BASE-T
2175:
10GBASE-LR (long reach) is a port type for single-mode fiber and uses 1310 nm lasers. Its 64b/66b PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its PMD sublayer in Clause 52. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of 10.3125 GBd.
2379:
Also known as direct attach (DA), direct attach copper (DAC), 10GSFP+Cu, sometimes also called 10GBASE-CR or 10GBASE-CX1, although there are no IEEE standards with either of the two latter names. Short direct attach cables use a passive
2431:, a backplane autonegotiation protocol and link training for 10GBASE-KR where the receiver tunes a three-tap transmit equalizer. The autonegotiation protocol selects between 1000BASE-KX, 10GBASE-KX4, 10GBASE-KR or 40GBASE-KR4 operation.
2557:
standard, implementing a 2.5 or 5.0 Gbit/s connection over existing category 5e or 6 cabling. Cables that will not function reliably with 10GBASE-T may successfully operate with 2.5GBASE-T or 5GBASE-T if supported by both ends.
2368:, but has a bigger form factor and more bulky cables than the newer single-lane SFP+ standard, and a much shorter reach than fiber or 10GBASE-T. This cable is fairly rigid and considerably more costly than Category 5/6 UTP or fiber.
336:
To implement different 10GbE physical layer standards, many interfaces consist of a standard socket into which different physical (PHY) layer modules may be plugged. PHY modules are not specified in an official standards body but by
2484:
overhead, 10GBASE-T has a slightly higher latency (2 to 4 microseconds) in comparison to most other 10GBASE variants (1 microsecond or less). In comparison, 1000BASE-T latency is 1 to 12 microseconds (depending on packet size).
3636:
109:. Like previous versions of Ethernet, 10GbE can use either copper or fiber cabling. Maximum distance over copper cable is 100 meters but because of its bandwidth requirements, higher-grade cables are required.
3069:
2819:
2447:
This operates over a single backplane lane and uses the same physical layer coding (defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49) as 10GBASE-LR/ER/SR. New backplane designs use 10GBASE-KR rather than 10GBASE-KX4.
2419:. 802.3ap implementations are required to operate over up to 1 metre (39 in) of copper printed circuit board with two connectors. The standard defines two port types for 10 Gbit/s (
399:
SFP+ modules can further be grouped into two types of host interfaces: linear or limiting. Limiting modules are preferred except when for long-reach applications using 10GBASE-LRM modules.
2187:(DFB). DFB lasers are more expensive than VCSELs but their high power and longer wavelength allow efficient coupling into the small core of single-mode fiber over greater distances.
4182:
2022:(VCSEL) for short distances, and multi-mode connectors are cheaper and easier to terminate reliably in the field. The advantage of SMF is that it can work over longer distances.
3461:
2771:
2167:
There is a lower cost, lower power variant sometimes referred to as 10GBASE-SRL (10GBASE-SR lite). This is inter-operable with 10GBASE-SR but only has a reach of 100 meters.
3158:
2361:
technology with the same SFF-8470 connectors. It is specified to work up to a distance of 15 m (49 ft). Each lane carries 3.125 GBd of signaling bandwidth.
136:
3640:
361:
3015:
3073:
2357:
was the first 10 Gigabit copper standard published by 802.3 (as 802.3ak-2004). It uses the XAUI 4-lane PCS (Clause 48) and copper cabling similar to that used by
2823:
2273:. It can reach 300 metres (980 ft) over FDDI-grade, OM1, OM2 and OM3 multi-mode cabling. In this case, it needs to be coupled through a SMF offset-launch
2519:
with 16 discrete levels (PAM-16), encoded in a two-dimensional checkerboard pattern known as DSQ128 sent on the line at 800 Msymbols/sec. Prior to precoding,
3976:
2050:
installations use either OM3 or OM4 cabling. OM3 cable can carry 10 Gigabit
Ethernet 300 meters using low cost 10GBASE-SR optics. OM4 can manage 400 meters.
2990:
3136:
3525:
3333:
2915:
3718:
3550:
2255:
2074:
935:
365:
2569:
is for automotive applications and operates over a single balanced pair of conductors up to 15 m long, and is standardized in 802.3ch-2020.
2164:
because they have been designed to work with VCSELs. 10GBASE-SR delivers the lowest cost, lowest power and smallest form factor optical modules.
3663:
4376:
2019:
2254:
10GBASE-LX4 is a port type for multi-mode fiber and single-mode fiber. It uses four separate laser sources operating at 3.125 Gbit/s and
2160:
The 10GBASE-SR transmitter is implemented with a VCSEL which is low cost and low power. OM3 and OM4 optical cabling is sometimes described as
3120:
2728:
3289:
3403:
3465:
2647:
A maximum
Gigabit Ethernet packet requires 12.2 μs for transfer (1526 × 8 ÷ 10) for store-and-forward, this adds to hardware latency.
2585:
equipment using a light-weight SDH/SONET frame running at 9.953 Gbit/s. The WAN PHY operates at a slightly slower data-rate than the
2371:
10GBASE-CX4 applications are now commonly achieved using SFP+ Direct Attach and as of 2011, shipments of 10GBASE-CX4 have been very low.
251:
A revision of base standard incorporating the 802.3an/ap/aq/as amendments, two corrigenda and errata. Link aggregation moved to 802.1AX.
4371:
796:(EPoC) – up to 10 Gbit/s downstream and 1.6 Gbit/s upstream for a passive optical, point-to-multipoint network using passband
3579:
4003:
3370:
3162:
3849:
2439:
This operates over four backplane lanes and uses the same physical layer coding (defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 48) as 10GBASE-CX4.
314:
Physical Layer
Specifications and Management Parameters for 2.5, 5 and 10 Gbit/s Automotive Electrical Ethernet (10GBASE-T1)
3230:
1325:
2002:
with 10 Gigabit
Ethernet optical interfaces (XFP transceiver). The yellow cables are single-mode duplex fiber optic connections.
4222:
801:
3769:
2793:
2581:(WAN) transport led to the introduction of a WAN PHY for 10GbE. The WAN PHY was designed to interoperate with OC-192/STM-64
2965:
2190:
10GBASE-LR maximum fiber length is 10 kilometers, although this will vary depending on the type of single-mode fiber used.
3271:
2527:
2512:
2239:
1433:
373:
with legacy SFP modules, allowing higher port density than XFP and the re-use of existing designs for 24 or 48 ports in a
3212:
3606:
2463:
2274:
102:
3499:
4434:
4366:
4316:
4311:
3672:
2671:
2319:
connection functionally equivalent to 10GBASE-LR or -ER, but using a single strand of fiber optic cable. Analogous to
2216:
75:
86:
operation has not been carried over from the previous generations of
Ethernet standards so half-duplex operation and
3941:
4361:
4159:
4149:
2686:
2589:(LAN) PHY. The WAN PHY can drive maximum link distances up to 80 km depending on the fiber standard employed.
2516:
2508:
can carry 10GBASE-T for shorter distances when qualified according to the guidelines in ISO TR 24750 or TIA-155-A.
2290:
2184:
2157:
MMF has the advantage over SMF of having lower cost connectors; its wider core requires less mechanical precision.
1876:
3044:
4351:
4273:
2263:
2089:
2011:
303:
The latest version of the base standard incorporating the 802.3bn/bp/bq/br/bs/bw/bu/bv/by/bz/cc/ce amendments.
3424:
2845:
2520:
2428:
2222:
10GBASE-ER has a reach of 40 kilometres (25 mi) over engineered links and 30 km over standard links.
2085:
2042:
2015:
2025:
In the 802.3 standard, reference is made to FDDI-grade MMF fiber. This has a 62.5 μm core and a minimum
4335:
4082:
4046:
2554:
2300:
1764:
793:
389:
3820:
3337:
2069:
4217:
3996:
3916:
2326:
These advances were subsequently standardized in IEEE 802.3cp-2021 with reaches of 10, 20, or 40 km.
2058:
338:
3726:
2916:"10GBASE-T vs SFP+ Fiber vs SFP+ DAC: Which to Choose for 10GbE Data Center Cabling? | FS Community"
2364:
10GBASE-CX4 has been used for stacking switches. It offers the advantages of low power, low cost and low
4097:
2676:
2492:
modular connectors already widely used with
Ethernet. Transmission characteristics are now specified to
2365:
688:
4412:
4293:
4268:
4061:
3981:
2864:
2385:
91:
4288:
4278:
4258:
4253:
4237:
4144:
4056:
2681:
615:
167:
67:
3795:
3693:
3187:
2180:
229:
Backplane
Ethernet, 1 and 10 Gbit/s over printed circuit boards (10GBASE-KR and 10GBASE-KX4)
123:
By 2022, the price per port of 10GBase-T had dropped to $ 50 - $ 100 depending on scale. In 2023,
4154:
4016:
3296:
2890:
2586:
2047:
1999:
627:
36:
574:
2545:
4400:
4128:
3989:
3366:
3116:
2724:
2718:
2593:
which adds extra encapsulation to format the frame data to be compatible with SONET STS-192c.
2578:
2381:
2316:
2270:
1972:
1415:
526:
512:
194:
175:
3360:
2531:
2504:
amendment 2 or ANSI/TIA-568-C.2 are needed to carry 10GBASE-T up to distances of 100 m.
2315:
Multiple vendors introduced single strand, bi-directional 10 Gbit/s optics capable of a
2307:
10GBASE-PR has three power budgets specified as 10GBASE-PR10, 10GBASE-PR20 and 10GBASE-PR30.
4263:
4066:
4041:
4031:
3583:
2772:"LightCounting forecasts CAGR of Over 300 Percent for 10GBASE-T Port Shipments Through 2014"
2609:
2539:
2505:
2427:) and a single 1 Gbit/s port type (1000BASE-KX). It also defines an optional layer for
2081:
1996:
393:
117:
59:
4330:
4087:
3802:
3722:
3697:
2477:
2026:
1337:
498:
484:
470:
453:
436:
419:
330:
3362:
Windows
Networking Tools: The Complete Guide to Management, Troubleshooting, and Security
2095:
2577:
At the time that the 10 Gigabit
Ethernet standard was developed, interest in 10GbE as a
1146:
400 MHz·km (66 m), 500 MHz·km (82 m), 2000 MHz·km (300 m),
4325:
4283:
4102:
3891:
865:
98:
79:
63:
3748:
3237:
3045:"10GbE Optical Component and SFP+ Modules: This Time It's Different by Andrew Schmitt"
2029:
of 160 MHz·km at 850 nm. It was originally installed in the early 1990s for
4428:
4036:
3557:
3503:
3275:
3019:
2501:
2408:
2320:
2038:
2007:
369:
240:
10GBASE-LRM 10 Gbit/s Ethernet over multi-mode fiber with enhanced equalization
2334:
10 Gigabit Ethernet can also run over twin-axial cabling, twisted pair cabling, and
3773:
2535:
975:
374:
105:
may have different PHY types through pluggable PHY modules, such as those based on
87:
1144:
Modal bandwidth (reach): 160 MHz·km (26 m), 200 MHz·km (33 m),
32:
3087:
2797:
39:
with two dozen 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports and three types of physical-layer module
4303:
4107:
3808:
using existing Cat-5e cabling.) and Category 6 cabling with distances up to 55m.
2613:
2497:
2481:
1991:
1910:
888:
2991:"End-of-Sale and End-of-Life Announcement for the Cisco 10GBASE XENPAK Modules"
2530:
on 1723 bits, with the parity check matrix construction based on a generalized
4356:
4123:
3955:
3216:
2511:
The 802.3an standard specifies the wire-level modulation for 10GBASE-T to use
2412:
2358:
2034:
849:
140:
71:
596:
4232:
4227:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4092:
2582:
2416:
2404:
2335:
1934:
1905:
971:
832:
619:
341:(MSAs) that can be negotiated more quickly. Relevant MSAs for 10GbE include
179:
2455:
2092:(PMD) sublayer in Clause 52. It delivers serialized data at a line rate of
2553:
The line encoding used by 10GBASE-T is the basis for the newer and slower
4164:
4012:
2941:
2756:
2625:
All these fiber types are specified to have a minimum modal bandwidth of
2286:
836:
113:
2199:
uses electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) for receive equalization.
4212:
4207:
4187:
2846:"Exclusive: Google, Amazon, and Microsoft Swarm China for Network Gear"
2296:
623:
124:
120:, the price per port of 10GbE still hindered more widespread adoption.
112:
The adoption of 10GbE has been more gradual than previous revisions of
83:
2891:"Soz, switch-fondlers: Doesn't look like 2013 is 10Gb Ethernet's year"
325:
207:
A revision of base standard incorporating 802.3ae, 802.3ak and errata
17:
4321:
3917:"IEEE 802.3 NGEABT Objectives approved by IEEE 802.3, March 12, 2015"
2966:"Common 10G Fiber Transceiver: 10G XENPAK, 10G X2, 10G XFP, 10G SFP+"
2259:
2236:
2232:
859:
342:
3137:"Cisco 10-Gigabit Ethernet Transceiver Modules Compatibility Matrix"
2346:
585:
3526:"Cisco Transceiver Modules - Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ Modules Data Sheet"
350:
106:
3971:
3829:
2544:
2459:
2454:
2345:
2243:
2068:
1990:
1429:
324:
289:
285:
31:
218:
10GBASE-T 10 Gbit/s Ethernet over copper twisted pair cable
74:
standard. Unlike previous Ethernet standards, 10GbE defines only
27:
Standards for Ethernet at ten times the speed of Gigabit Ethernet
4381:
3665:
SFF 8431. Specification for SFP+ High Speed Electrical Interface
3213:"Optical Fiber and 10 gigabit Ethernet white paper by the 10GEA"
2696:
2691:
2666:
2489:
2088:(PCS) is 64b/66b and is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49 and its
2030:
797:
507:
3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm + 1850 MHz·km @ 950 nm
381:
3985:
2661:
2399:, also known by the name of the task force that developed it,
869:
633:
385:
346:
171:
3070:"The road to SFP+: Examining module and system architectures"
2269:
10GBASE-LX4 has a range of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) over
101:(PHY) standards. A networking device, such as a switch or a
3977:
World's First Independent 10GBASE-T Comparative Test Study
3942:"IEEE Std 802.3ch-2020: Multi-Gig Automotive Ethernet PHY"
3822:
10GBASE-T for Broad 10 Gigabit Adoption in the Data Center
2757:"IEEE P802.3ba 40Gbit/s and 100Gbit/s Ethernet Task Force"
127:
routers began appearing with 10GbE WAN ports as standard.
3580:"10Gb/s Bidirectional 10km Gen2 SFP+ Optical Transceiver"
3290:"10 Gigabit Ethernet over Multimode Fiber by John George"
3386:
3384:
3382:
2102:
The range depends on the type of multi-mode fiber used.
2384:
assembly while longer ones add some extra range using
3063:
3061:
2258:
with four unique wavelengths around 1310 nm. Its
78:
point-to-point links which are generally connected by
3885:
3883:
182:-compatible WAN (10GBASE-SW, 10GBASE-LW, 10GBASE-EW)
97:
The 10GbE standard encompasses a number of different
90:
do not exist in 10GbE. The first standard for faster
3322:
52.5 PMD to MDI optical specifications for 10GBASE-S
2865:"10 Gigabit Ethernet still too expensive on servers"
2500:
or better balanced twisted pair cables specified in
380:
Optical modules are connected to a host by either a
4344:
4302:
4246:
4175:
4137:
4116:
4075:
4024:
143:has published several standards relating to 10GbE.
3637:"Another Serving of Alphabet Soup — by Intel"
3631:
3629:
3627:
2215:The 10GBASE-ER transmitter is implemented with an
284:2.5 Gigabit and 5 Gigabit Ethernet over
2960:
2958:
2480:to select which speed is used. Due to additional
2179:The 10GBASE-LR transmitter is implemented with a
137:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
3851:SWITCHES SWITCH FROM 1000BASE-T TO 10GBASE-T NOW
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3250:
362:enhanced small form-factor pluggable transceiver
262:10GBASE-PR 10 Gbit/s Ethernet PHY for EPON
3450:Table 68–3—10GBASE-LRM transmit characteristics
3392:52.1.1.1.2 PMD_UNITDATA.request: When generated
3010:
3008:
2616:or higher is good for lengths up to 100 meters.
2262:PCS is defined in IEEE 802.3 Clause 48 and its
978:(15 m), active optical (AOC): (100 m)
3106:
3104:
3039:
3037:
2080:10GBASE-SR ("short range") is a port type for
3997:
3749:"IEEE P802.3ap Backplane Ethernet Task Force"
3161:. Network World. 12 June 2010. Archived from
2985:
2983:
2037:networks. The 802.3 standard also references
8:
3957:IEEE 802.3-2018 - IEEE Standard for Ethernet
1334:Line rate: 4× 3.125 GBd = 12.5 GBd
896:Line rate: 4× 3.125 GBd = 12.5 GBd
696:Line rate: 4× 3.125 GBd = 12.5 GBd
3890:Ungerboeck, Gottfried (22 September 2006).
178:(10GBASE-LR, 10GBASE-ER, 10GBASE-LX4), and
4004:
3990:
3982:
3892:"10GBASE-T: 10Gbit/s Ethernet over copper"
3770:"IEEE Standards Status Report for 802.3an"
3404:"Description of Cisco 10G optical modules"
2968:. Blog of Fiber Transceivers. 18 June 2013
2942:"IEEE P802.3ae 10Gb/s Ethernet Task Force"
273:The previous version of the base standard
3719:"HP X242 SFP+ Direct Attach Copper Cable"
193:10GBASE-CX4 10 Gbit/s Ethernet over
3231:"Why choose Multimode fiber? by Corning"
3088:"LightCounting's LightTrends April 2010"
2720:Hands-On Networking Fundamentals, 2nd ed
2295:10GBASE-PR originally specified in IEEE
2104:
1873:
1806:
1572:
1390:
1297:
1209:
1109:
1018:
540:
401:
145:
3500:"Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ Modules Data Sheet"
3182:
3180:
2709:
2602:
2256:Coarse wavelength-division multiplexing
1834:
1831:
1828:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1439:-ZW: -EW with higher performance optics
1410:
1407:
1404:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1046:
1043:
1040:
910:
366:small form-factor pluggable transceiver
292:twisted pair – 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T
3607:"10GBase-CX4 lowers 10G Ethernet cost"
3488:68.5 PMD to MDI optical specifications
3462:"10GBase-LX4 vs 10GBase-LRM: A debate"
2020:Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
364:, generally called SFP+. Based on the
3193:. MC Communications. 14 November 2007
7:
4407:
1879:physical transport layers (TP-PHYs)
368:(SFP) and developed by the ANSI T11
3159:"Confused by 10GbE optics modules?"
535:0.4 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm
521:1.0 dB/km @ 1300/1550 nm
396:specified in IEEE 802.3 Clause 49.
4067:200, 400, 800 and 1600 Gbit/s
3188:"Network Topologies and Distances"
2638:40GBASE-KR4 is defined in 802.3ba.
2523:(FEC) coding is performed using a
2415:network equipment with upgradable
1902:Data rate efficiency (bit/(s Hz))
1867:-ER with higher performance optics
1428:direct mapping as OC-192 / STM-64
360:The newest module standard is the
25:
2723:. Cengage Learning. p. 180.
2299:is a 10 Gigabit Ethernet PHY for
2084:and uses 850 nm lasers. Its
610:10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 GbE)
329:Closeup of a 10 Gigabit Ethernet
4406:
4395:
4394:
3940:Maguire, Valerie (4 June 2020).
3115:(2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media.
2770:Sharma, Anil (19 January 2011).
2217:externally modulated laser (EML)
2054:being an agreed color of green.
1254:
1240:Modal bandwidth: 500 MHz·km
1176:
810:
644:
3359:Held, Gilbert (19 April 2016).
2820:"Intel blog about Interop 2011"
2717:Michael Palmer (21 June 2012).
2612:supports runs up to 55 meters.
2488:10GBASE-T uses the IEC 60603-7
1843:
1773:
1698:
1626:
1597:
1536:
1467:
1354:
1076:
985:
704:
493:3500 MHz·km @ 850 nm
479:1500 MHz·km @ 850 nm
3113:Ethernet: The Definitive Guide
3068:Ryan Latchman; Bharat Tailor.
3016:"Cisco 10GBASE XENPAK Modules"
2010:used for 10 Gigabit Ethernet:
465:500 MHz·km @ 850 nm
448:200 MHz·km @ 850 nm
431:160 MHz·km @ 850 nm
70:. It was first defined by the
62:technologies for transmitting
1:
3876:55.1.3 Operation of 10GBASE-T
2889:Pott, Trevor; Thomson, Iain.
2528:low-density parity-check code
2513:Tomlinson-Harashima precoding
2266:(PMD) sublayer in Clause 53.
2006:There are two basic types of
1148:4700 MHz·km (400 m)
3551:"Cisco 10GBASE SFP+ Modules"
3111:Charles E. Spurgeon (2014).
2462:X540-T2 10GBASE-T dual port
2275:mode-conditioning patch cord
1979:
1971:
1739:
1659:
1503:
943:
855:
403:Legend for fibre-based PHYs
103:network interface controller
94:links was approved in 2010.
3673:Small Form Factor Committee
2672:List of interface bit rates
1976:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1877:twisted-pair-based Ethernet
345:(and related X2 and XPAK),
4451:
3857:, Teranetics, October 2009
2863:Morgan, Timothy Prickett.
2687:Parallel optical interface
2549:10GBASE-T SFP+ transceiver
2517:pulse-amplitude modulation
2496:. To reach this frequency
2291:Ethernet in the first mile
2284:
2185:distributed feedback laser
608:
4390:
3972:Ethernet Alliance website
3694:"Cables and Transceivers"
3605:Dove, Dan (24 May 2004).
3426:Optics Modules and Cables
3334:"How to tell? MMF or SMF"
2264:Physical Medium Dependent
2090:Physical Medium Dependent
1801:
1790:
1567:
1556:
1413:
1385:
1374:
1371:
1362:
1352:
1322:
1294:
1275:
1272:
1263:
1252:
1238:
1204:
1193:
1190:
1181:
1174:
1142:
1104:
1093:
1090:
1081:
1074:
1049:
1013:
1002:
999:
990:
983:
4317:SFP/SFP+/QSFP/QSFP+/OSFP
3662:Ali Ghiasi, ed. (2013),
2794:"Dell'Oro press release"
2521:forward error correction
2429:forward error correction
2301:passive optical networks
2108:Fibre type (micrometers)
2086:Physical Coding Sublayer
3139:. Cisco. 19 August 2018
2555:2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T
2043:optical MMF fiber types
1332:Line code: 8b/10b × NRZ
1288:1342.5 – 1355.9 nm
1286:1318.0 – 1331.4 nm
1284:1293.5 – 1306.9 nm
1282:1269.0 – 1282.4 nm
894:Line code: 8b/10b × NRZ
794:EPON Protocol over Coax
694:Line code: 8b/10b × NRZ
390:SerDes Framer Interface
339:multi-source agreements
4062:40 and 100 Gbit/s
2550:
2466:
2351:
2077:
2003:
1960:64B65B PAM-16 128-DSQ
333:
321:Physical layer modules
40:
4057:25 and 50 Gbit/s
4047:2.5 and 5 Gbit/s
3272:"IEEE 802.3 standard"
2993:. Cisco. 1 April 2015
2677:Optical communication
2548:
2458:
2407:applications such as
2386:electronic amplifiers
2349:
2072:
2059:active optical cables
1994:
970:Cable types: passive
422:FDDI 62.5/125 µm
328:
66:at a rate of 10
35:
3302:on 10 September 2008
1899:Lanes per direction
439:OM1 62.5/125 µm
92:100 Gigabit Ethernet
3776:on 5 September 2007
3278:on 5 December 2012.
2895:www.theregister.com
2869:www.theregister.com
2682:Optical fiber cable
2573:WAN PHY (10GBASE-W)
1925:Cable rating (MHz)
1880:
618:: 10 Gbit/s -
404:
168:Ethernet over fiber
141:802.3 working group
135:Over the years the
68:gigabits per second
60:computer networking
44:10 Gigabit Ethernet
4435:Ethernet standards
4017:local area network
3897:. Vienna: Broadcom
3729:on 14 October 2012
3340:on 30 October 2011
2587:local area network
2551:
2467:
2397:Backplane Ethernet
2375:SFP+ direct attach
2352:
2350:SFF-8470 connector
2078:
2048:structured cabling
2004:
1874:
529:OS2 9/125 µm
515:OS1 9/125 µm
501:OM5 50/125 µm
487:OM4 50/125 µm
473:OM3 50/125 µm
456:OM2 50/125 µm
402:
334:
41:
4422:
4421:
4274:Energy Efficiency
4129:Ethernet Alliance
3796:"7100T Datasheet"
3675:, pp. 100ff.
3643:on 22 August 2011
3586:on 7 January 2017
3165:on 3 October 2014
3122:978-1-4493-6184-6
2922:. 4 November 2015
2730:978-1-285-40275-8
2579:wide area network
2506:Category 6 cables
2474:IEEE 802.3an-2006
2382:twinaxial cabling
2317:single-mode fiber
2155:
2154:
2116:FDDI-grade (62.5)
1984:
1983:
1919:Max distance (m)
1872:
1871:
1868:
1854:
1821:
1799:
1785:
1767:
1746:
1734:
1723:
1676:
1652:
1637:
1611:
1577:
1565:
1551:
1516:
1496:
1482:
1440:
1397:
1383:
1369:
1341:
1340:: 500 MHz·km
1306:
1291:
1270:
1241:
1222:
1202:
1188:
1149:
1126:
1102:
1088:
1033:
1011:
996:
979:
948:
941:
915:
898:
872:
853:
845:(IEC 61076-3-113)
826:
804:
761:
745:
716:
698:
660:
638:
601:
590:
579:
563:
539:
538:
318:
317:
195:twinaxial cabling
72:IEEE 802.3ae-2002
16:(Redirected from
4442:
4410:
4409:
4398:
4397:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3983:
3960:
3946:
3945:
3937:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3921:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3896:
3887:
3878:
3874:IEEE 802.3-2012
3872:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3856:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3827:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3800:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3772:. Archived from
3766:
3760:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3725:. Archived from
3715:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3670:
3659:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3639:. Archived from
3633:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3591:
3582:. Archived from
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3555:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3522:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3511:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3473:
3464:. Archived from
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3431:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3400:
3394:
3388:
3377:
3376:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3336:. Archived from
3330:
3324:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3295:. Archived from
3294:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3274:. Archived from
3268:
3245:
3244:
3243:on 30 July 2014.
3242:
3236:. Archived from
3235:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3219:on 14 June 2008.
3215:. Archived from
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3192:
3184:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3155:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3072:. Archived from
3065:
3056:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3041:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3012:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2962:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2842:
2836:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2822:. Archived from
2816:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2796:. Archived from
2790:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2753:
2747:
2743:IEEE 802.3-2012
2741:
2735:
2734:
2714:
2648:
2645:
2639:
2636:
2630:
2629:at 1300 nm.
2628:
2623:
2617:
2610:Category 6 cable
2607:
2540:Gigabit Ethernet
2495:
2246:specifications.
2105:
2098:
2082:multi-mode fiber
2075:SFP+ transceiver
2041:which specifies
1997:Foundry Networks
1942:
1937:
1881:
1866:
1863:
1852:
1846:
1826:
1816:
1807:
1797:
1793:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1763:
1751:
1740:
1732:
1731:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1714:
1706:
1701:
1681:
1669:
1660:
1650:
1646:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1620:
1609:
1603:
1601:
1582:
1573:
1563:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1521:
1513:
1504:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1473:
1471:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1437:
1426:
1414:
1402:
1391:
1381:
1377:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1348:
1335:
1323:
1311:
1303:
1298:
1292:
1289:
1279:
1268:
1266:
1261:
1258:
1248:
1239:
1227:
1219:
1210:
1200:
1196:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1170:
1163:
1156:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1110:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1038:
1028:
1019:
1009:
1005:
994:
988:
967:
944:
939:
922:
914:
907:
905:
897:
887:
856:
846:
841:
824:
822:
817:
814:
792:
759:
757:
752:
743:
714:
712:
707:
697:
687:
658:
656:
651:
648:
636:
613:
598:
593:
587:
582:
576:
571:
559:
541:
464:
447:
430:
405:
394:64b/66b encoding
152:Publication year
146:
118:Gigabit Ethernet
82:; shared-medium
80:network switches
58:) is a group of
21:
4450:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4386:
4340:
4298:
4242:
4171:
4133:
4112:
4088:Autonegotiation
4071:
4037:100 Mbit/s
4020:
4010:
3968:
3963:
3954:
3950:
3949:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3914:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3888:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3834:
3832:
3825:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3803:Arista Networks
3798:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3779:
3777:
3768:
3767:
3763:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3746:
3742:
3732:
3730:
3723:Hewlett Packard
3717:
3716:
3712:
3702:
3700:
3698:Arista Networks
3692:
3691:
3687:
3678:
3676:
3668:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3646:
3644:
3635:
3634:
3625:
3615:
3613:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3578:
3577:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3553:
3549:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3509:
3507:
3506:. February 2012
3498:
3497:
3493:
3485:
3481:
3471:
3469:
3468:on 21 July 2009
3460:
3459:
3455:
3447:
3443:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3389:
3380:
3373:
3358:
3357:
3353:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3331:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3292:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3270:
3269:
3248:
3240:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3185:
3178:
3168:
3166:
3157:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3110:
3109:
3102:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3076:on 16 May 2008.
3067:
3066:
3059:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3042:
3035:
3025:
3023:
3022:. November 2011
3014:
3013:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2964:
2963:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2925:
2923:
2914:
2913:
2909:
2899:
2897:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2829:
2827:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2801:
2800:on 19 July 2011
2792:
2791:
2787:
2777:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2759:. 21 June 2010.
2755:
2754:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2575:
2564:
2526:
2493:
2478:autonegotiation
2453:
2445:
2437:
2394:
2377:
2344:
2332:
2313:
2293:
2285:Main articles:
2283:
2252:
2228:
2209:
2196:
2173:
2162:laser optimized
2093:
2067:
2057:There are also
2027:modal bandwidth
1989:
1940:
1933:
1913:per lane (MBd)
1896:Pairs required
1893:Speed (Mbit/s)
1861:
1851:
1842:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1792:
1782:
1779:
1772:
1749:
1744:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1704:
1697:
1679:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1645:
1634:
1632:
1625:
1618:
1608:
1599:
1596:
1580:
1569:
1561:
1558:
1548:
1545:
1538:
1535:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1479:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1459:
1452:
1445:
1438:
1427:
1425:9.5846 GBd
1424:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1400:
1395:
1387:
1379:
1376:
1366:
1363:
1356:
1353:
1346:
1338:Modal bandwidth
1336:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1267:
1264:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1198:
1195:
1185:
1182:
1175:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1147:
1145:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1115:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1095:
1085:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1015:
1007:
1004:
993:
984:
969:
954:
952:
938:
931:
929:
920:
918:
908:
906:
903:
895:
893:
892:
868:
864:
862:
847:
844:
843:
835:
823:
820:
812:
809:
758:
755:
750:
713:
710:
703:
695:
693:
692:
657:
654:
646:
643:
631:
599:
595:
588:
584:
577:
573:
567:
561:
462:
445:
428:
331:XFP transceiver
323:
166:10 Gbit/s
133:
64:Ethernet frames
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4448:
4446:
4438:
4437:
4427:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4404:
4391:
4388:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4179:
4177:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4083:Physical layer
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4052:10 Gbit/s
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4032:10 Mbit/s
4028:
4026:
4022:
4021:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4001:
3994:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3967:
3966:External links
3964:
3962:
3961:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3932:
3908:
3879:
3867:
3841:
3812:
3787:
3761:
3740:
3710:
3685:
3654:
3623:
3597:
3571:
3542:
3517:
3491:
3479:
3453:
3441:
3416:
3395:
3378:
3371:
3351:
3325:
3313:
3281:
3246:
3222:
3204:
3176:
3150:
3128:
3121:
3100:
3079:
3057:
3033:
3004:
2979:
2954:
2933:
2907:
2881:
2855:
2837:
2826:on 25 May 2011
2811:
2785:
2762:
2748:
2736:
2729:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2640:
2631:
2618:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2574:
2571:
2563:
2560:
2524:
2452:
2449:
2444:
2441:
2436:
2433:
2393:
2390:
2376:
2373:
2343:
2340:
2331:
2328:
2312:
2309:
2282:
2279:
2251:
2248:
2227:
2224:
2208:
2205:
2195:
2192:
2172:
2169:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2066:
2063:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1908:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1875:Comparison of
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1856:
1847:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1822:
1805:
1800:
1789:
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1777:
1769:
1768:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1738:
1735:
1710:
1707:
1702:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1677:
1658:
1653:
1642:
1639:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1604:
1593:
1592:
1589:
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1583:
1578:
1571:
1566:
1555:
1552:
1543:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1517:
1502:
1497:
1486:
1483:
1474:
1463:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1449:
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1442:
1441:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1389:
1384:
1373:
1370:
1361:
1350:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1296:
1293:
1274:
1271:
1262:
1250:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1223:
1208:
1203:
1192:
1189:
1180:
1172:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1127:
1108:
1103:
1092:
1089:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1034:
1017:
1012:
1001:
998:
989:
981:
980:
965:
962:
959:
956:
949:
942:
933:
926:
923:
916:
900:
899:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
858:
854:
842:CX4 (SFF-8470)
839:
830:
827:
818:
806:
805:
790:
787:
784:
781:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
753:
747:
746:
741:
738:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
717:
708:
700:
699:
685:
682:
679:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
652:
640:
639:
637:- Full-Duplex)
606:
605:
602:
591:
580:
569:
564:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
537:
536:
533:
530:
523:
522:
519:
516:
509:
508:
505:
502:
495:
494:
491:
488:
481:
480:
477:
474:
467:
466:
460:
457:
450:
449:
443:
440:
433:
432:
426:
423:
416:
415:
412:
409:
322:
319:
316:
315:
312:
309:
305:
304:
301:
298:
294:
293:
282:
279:
275:
274:
271:
268:
264:
263:
260:
257:
253:
252:
249:
246:
242:
241:
238:
235:
231:
230:
227:
224:
220:
219:
216:
213:
209:
208:
205:
202:
198:
197:
191:
188:
184:
183:
174:(10GBASE-SR),
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
150:
132:
129:
99:physical layer
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4447:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4415:
4414:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4121:
4119:
4117:Organizations
4115:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4042:1 Gbit/s
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4014:
4007:
4002:
4000:
3995:
3993:
3988:
3987:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3943:
3936:
3933:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3893:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3853:
3852:
3845:
3842:
3831:
3824:
3823:
3816:
3813:
3809:
3804:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3775:
3771:
3765:
3762:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3699:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3674:
3667:
3666:
3658:
3655:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3624:
3612:
3611:Network World
3608:
3601:
3598:
3585:
3581:
3575:
3572:
3559:
3558:Cisco Systems
3552:
3546:
3543:
3531:
3527:
3521:
3518:
3505:
3504:Cisco Systems
3501:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3483:
3480:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3445:
3442:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3417:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3372:9781466511071
3368:
3365:. CRC Press.
3364:
3363:
3355:
3352:
3339:
3335:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3298:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3255:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3239:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3177:
3164:
3160:
3154:
3151:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3114:
3107:
3105:
3101:
3089:
3083:
3080:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3046:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3021:
3020:Cisco Systems
3017:
3011:
3009:
3005:
2992:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2955:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2896:
2892:
2885:
2882:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2856:
2851:
2847:
2841:
2838:
2825:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2773:
2766:
2763:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2740:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2713:
2710:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2644:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2606:
2603:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:ISO/IEC 11801
2499:
2491:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2434:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2409:blade servers
2406:
2403:, is used in
2402:
2398:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2348:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:1000BASE-BX10
2318:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:10.3125
2091:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2073:A 10GBASE-SR
2071:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2049:
2044:
2040:
2039:ISO/IEC 11801
2036:
2032:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2008:optical fiber
2001:
1998:
1993:
1987:Optical fiber
1986:
1974:
1944:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1865:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1823:
1815:
1810:
1798:
1787:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1736:
1733:
1722:
1711:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1668:
1663:
1654:
1651:
1643:
1640:
1631:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1595:
1594:
1579:
1576:
1564:
1553:
1544:
1541:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1507:
1498:
1495:
1487:
1484:
1475:
1472:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1417:
1399:
1394:
1382:
1359:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1328:
1327:
1308:
1302:
1290:
1260:
1251:
1245:
1244:
1224:
1218:
1213:
1201:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1153:
1152:
1128:
1118:
1113:
1101:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1060:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1010:
997:
987:
982:
977:
973:
968:Data centres;
966:
963:
960:
957:
950:
947:
937:
934:
927:
924:
917:
913:
912:
911:Direct Attach
902:
901:
890:
886:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
867:
863:
861:
851:
840:
838:
834:
831:
828:
819:
816:
808:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
788:
785:
782:
780:
779:
775:
772:
769:
766:
763:
754:
749:
748:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
722:Cu-Backplane
721:
718:
709:
706:
702:
701:
690:
686:
683:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
666:Cu-Backplane
665:
662:
653:
650:
642:
641:
635:
632:10.3125
630:- Line rate:
629:
625:
621:
617:
611:
607:
603:
592:
581:
570:
565:
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
543:
542:
534:
531:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
514:
511:
510:
506:
503:
500:
497:
496:
492:
489:
486:
483:
482:
478:
475:
472:
469:
468:
461:
458:
455:
452:
451:
444:
441:
438:
435:
434:
427:
424:
421:
418:
417:
413:
410:
407:
406:
400:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
378:
377:width blade.
376:
371:
370:fibre channel
367:
363:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
332:
327:
320:
313:
310:
307:
306:
302:
299:
296:
295:
291:
287:
283:
280:
277:
276:
272:
269:
266:
265:
261:
258:
255:
254:
250:
247:
244:
243:
239:
236:
233:
232:
228:
225:
222:
221:
217:
214:
211:
210:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
192:
189:
186:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
162:
159:
158:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
142:
138:
130:
128:
126:
121:
119:
115:
110:
108:
104:
100:
95:
93:
89:
88:repeater hubs
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
46:(abbreviated
45:
38:
34:
30:
19:
4411:
4399:
4304:Transceivers
4247:Applications
4150:Twisted pair
4098:Flow control
4051:
4019:technologies
3956:
3935:
3923:. Retrieved
3911:
3899:. Retrieved
3875:
3870:
3859:, retrieved
3850:
3844:
3833:, retrieved
3821:
3815:
3806:
3790:
3778:. Retrieved
3774:the original
3764:
3752:. Retrieved
3743:
3731:. Retrieved
3727:the original
3713:
3703:21 September
3701:. Retrieved
3688:
3677:, retrieved
3664:
3657:
3645:. Retrieved
3641:the original
3614:. Retrieved
3610:
3600:
3590:28 September
3588:. Retrieved
3584:the original
3574:
3564:28 September
3562:. Retrieved
3545:
3533:. Retrieved
3529:
3520:
3508:. Retrieved
3494:
3487:
3482:
3470:. Retrieved
3466:the original
3456:
3449:
3444:
3433:, retrieved
3425:
3419:
3407:. Retrieved
3398:
3391:
3361:
3354:
3342:. Retrieved
3338:the original
3328:
3321:
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3297:the original
3284:
3276:the original
3238:the original
3225:
3217:the original
3207:
3195:. Retrieved
3167:. Retrieved
3163:the original
3153:
3141:. Retrieved
3131:
3112:
3091:. Retrieved
3082:
3074:the original
3048:. Retrieved
3024:. Retrieved
2995:. Retrieved
2970:. Retrieved
2945:. Retrieved
2936:
2924:. Retrieved
2919:
2910:
2898:. Retrieved
2894:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2868:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2830:20 September
2828:. Retrieved
2824:the original
2814:
2802:. Retrieved
2798:the original
2788:
2776:. Retrieved
2765:
2751:
2745:44.1.1 Scope
2744:
2739:
2719:
2712:
2643:
2634:
2627:500 MHz × km
2621:
2605:
2591:
2576:
2566:
2565:
2552:
2532:Reed–Solomon
2510:
2487:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2446:
2438:
2424:
2420:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2378:
2370:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2333:
2325:
2314:
2306:
2294:
2268:
2253:
2229:
2221:
2214:
2210:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2178:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2101:
2079:
2056:
2052:
2024:
2005:
1941:802.3an-2006
1849:
1813:
1808:
1796:1550 nm
1794:
1780:802.3ae-2002
1741:
1730:1577 nm
1726:
1719:1270 nm
1715:
1705:802.3av-2009
1666:
1661:
1649:1310 nm
1647:
1633:802.3ae-2002
1606:
1574:
1562:1550 nm
1560:
1546:802.3ae-2002
1510:
1505:
1493:1310 nm
1491:
1477:802.3ae-2002
1392:
1378:
1364:802.3ae-2002
1324:
1300:
1280:
1265:802.3ae-2002
1216:
1211:
1199:1300 nm
1197:
1183:802.3aq-2006
1116:
1111:
1097:
1083:802.3ae-2002
1025:
1020:
1006:
991:
974:(7 m),
945:
932:Fibre (AOC)
909:
889:Data centres
857:
821:802.3ak-2004
777:
776:
756:802.3bn-2016
711:802.3ap-2007
655:802.3ap-2007
609:
414:Performance
398:
379:
375:19-inch rack
359:
355:
335:
155:Description
134:
122:
111:
96:
55:
51:
47:
43:
42:
29:
4294:Synchronous
4269:Data center
3861:21 December
3835:21 December
3679:12 February
3647:4 September
3616:19 December
3560:. p. 6
3486:IEEE 802.3
3448:IEEE 802.3
3390:IEEE 802.3
3344:6 September
3320:IEEE 802.3
2614:Category 6A
2498:Category 6A
2482:line coding
2435:10GBASE-KX4
2421:10GBASE-KX4
2355:10GBASE-CX4
2342:10GBASE-CX4
2250:10GBASE-LX4
2194:10GBASE-LRM
2181:Fabry–Pérot
2012:single-mode
1973:Cat 6A
1911:Symbol rate
1850:proprietary
1607:proprietary
1423:Line rate:
1380:850 nm
1177:10GBASE-LRM
1099:850 nm
1008:850 nm
992:proprietary
986:10GBASE-SRL
800:with up to
760:(CL100-102)
560:Transceiver
76:full-duplex
4345:Interfaces
4279:Industrial
4259:Automotive
4238:Long Reach
4160:First mile
4124:IEEE 802.3
4015:family of
3754:30 January
2704:References
2567:10GBASE-T1
2562:10GBASE-T1
2534:code over
2515:(THP) and
2443:10GBASE-KR
2425:10GBASE-KR
2417:line cards
2359:InfiniBand
2336:backplanes
2311:10GBASE-BR
2281:10GBASE-PR
2226:10GBASE-ZR
2207:10GBASE-ER
2171:10GBASE-LR
2124:OM1 (62.5)
2111:Range (m)
2065:10GBASE-SR
2035:100BASE-FX
2016:multi-mode
2014:(SMF) and
1916:Bandwidth
1853:(non IEEE)
1844:10GBASE-ZR
1774:10GBASE-ER
1699:10GBASE-PR
1627:10GBASE-LR
1610:(non IEEE)
1077:10GBASE-SR
995:(non IEEE)
940:(SFF-8431)
751:10GPASS-XR
705:10GBASE-KR
556:Connector
411:Introduced
408:Fibre type
297:802.3-2018
267:802.3-2015
245:802.3-2008
201:802.3-2005
4233:LattisNet
4228:100BaseVG
4203:10BASE-FL
4198:10BASE-FB
4193:10BROAD36
4093:EtherType
3780:14 August
3197:25 August
3169:26 August
3143:26 August
2997:26 August
2972:26 August
2920:Knowledge
2583:SDH/SONET
2470:10GBASE-T
2451:10GBASE-T
2405:backplane
2392:Backplane
1935:10GBASE-T
1906:Line code
1887:Standard
1784:(CL49/52)
1636:(CL49/52)
1598:10GBASE-Z
1550:(CL50/52)
1537:10GBASE-E
1481:(CL50/52)
1468:10GBASE-L
1368:(CL50/52)
1355:10GBASE-S
1269:(CL48/53)
1255:10GBASE-L
1187:(CL49/68)
1087:(CL49/52)
972:twinaxial
930:balanced,
928:Twinaxial
904:10GSFP+Cu
833:Twinaxial
825:(CL48/54)
811:10GBASE-C
802:16384-QAM
715:(CL49/72)
659:(CL48/71)
645:10GBASE-K
620:Line code
616:Data rate
547:Standard
180:SDH/SONET
131:Standards
4429:Category
4401:Category
4176:Historic
4165:10G-EPON
4013:Ethernet
3925:6 August
3901:7 August
3733:27 March
3535:6 August
3306:10 March
3050:11 March
2947:19 March
2926:6 August
2900:6 August
2874:6 August
2804:29 March
2774:. TMCnet
2655:See also
2287:10G-EPON
2132:OM2 (50)
1945:current
1862:OS2: 80k
1858:current
1825:OS2: 40k
1788:current
1765:10G EPON
1750:OS2: 20k
1709:current
1680:OS2: 10k
1641:current
1619:OS2: 80k
1615:current
1581:OS2: 40k
1554:current
1520:OS2: 10k
1485:current
1460:OM4: 400
1453:OM3: 300
1436:streams.
1421:WAN-PHY;
1372:current
1347:OS2: 10k
1310:OM2: 300
1247:OM3: 220
1226:OM2: 220
1191:current
1169:OM4: 400
1162:OM3: 300
1091:current
1069:OM4: 150
1062:OM3: 100
1000:current
925:current
919:SFF-8431
837:balanced
764:current
719:current
149:Standard
114:Ethernet
4413:Commons
4264:Carrier
4213:10BASE2
4208:10BASE5
4188:StarLAN
4183:CSMA/CD
4155:Coaxial
4076:General
3472:16 July
3435:28 June
2494:500 MHz
2413:modular
2401:802.3ap
2366:latency
2297:802.3av
1890:Status
1728:up2dn:
1717:dn2up:
1446:OM2: 82
1401:OM1: 33
1273:legacy
1155:OM2: 82
1130:OM1: 33
1055:OM2: 27
1037:OM1: 11
829:legacy
663:legacy
624:64b/66b
586:Lambdas
550:Status
308:802.3ch
278:802.3bz
256:802.3av
234:802.3aq
223:802.3ap
212:802.3an
187:802.3ak
160:802.3ae
139:(IEEE)
125:Wi-Fi 7
84:CSMA/CD
56:10 GigE
4322:XENPAK
4108:Jumbos
4103:Frames
4025:Speeds
3510:12 May
3369:
3119:
3026:12 May
2727:
2330:Copper
2260:8b/10b
2237:STM-64
2233:OC-192
2000:router
1948:10000
1928:Usage
1922:Cable
1814:XENPAK
1667:XENPAK
1511:XENPAK
1301:XENPAK
1217:XENPAK
1117:XENPAK
1026:XENPAK
976:active
921:(2006)
860:XENPAK
604:Notes
562:Module
553:Media
343:XENPAK
37:Router
18:10 GbE
4377:XGMII
4289:Power
4284:Metro
4254:Audio
4223:FOIRL
4145:Fiber
4138:Media
3920:(PDF)
3895:(PDF)
3855:(PDF)
3830:Intel
3826:(PDF)
3799:(PDF)
3669:(PDF)
3554:(PDF)
3530:Cisco
3430:(PDF)
3409:3 May
3300:(PDF)
3293:(PDF)
3241:(PDF)
3234:(PDF)
3191:(PDF)
3093:3 May
2850:Wired
2778:7 May
2597:Notes
2472:, or
2460:Intel
2244:SONET
1957:6.25
1884:Name
1791:Fibre
1712:Fibre
1644:Fibre
1557:Fibre
1488:Fibre
1430:SONET
1375:Fibre
1276:Fibre
1194:Fibre
1094:Fibre
1003:Fibre
767:Coax
597:Lanes
575:Media
568:in m
566:Reach
544:Name
290:Cat-6
286:Cat-5
54:, or
52:10GbE
4382:XAUI
4372:GMII
4312:GBIC
3927:2023
3903:2013
3863:2011
3837:2011
3782:2007
3756:2011
3735:2013
3705:2012
3681:2024
3649:2011
3618:2014
3592:2020
3566:2020
3537:2023
3512:2012
3474:2009
3437:2019
3411:2010
3367:ISBN
3346:2011
3308:2008
3199:2018
3171:2018
3145:2018
3117:ISBN
3095:2010
3052:2008
3028:2012
2999:2018
2974:2018
2949:2013
2928:2023
2902:2023
2876:2023
2832:2011
2806:2011
2780:2011
2725:ISBN
2697:XAUI
2692:TERA
2667:GG45
2490:8P8C
2423:and
2411:and
2289:and
2151:400
2143:300
2033:and
2031:FDDI
1980:LAN
1977:500
1969:100
1966:400
1963:800
1809:SFP+
1742:SFP+
1673:XPAK
1662:SFP+
1575:SFP+
1515:XPAK
1506:SFP+
1396:XPAK
1393:SFP+
1212:SFP+
1123:XPAK
1112:SFP+
1021:SFP+
955:100
946:SFP+
936:SFP+
881:N/A
798:OFDM
744:PCBs
689:PCBs
681:N/A
532:2000
518:1998
504:2016
490:2008
476:2003
459:1998
442:1989
425:1987
382:XAUI
351:SFP+
349:and
311:2020
300:2018
281:2016
270:2015
259:2009
248:2008
237:2006
226:2007
215:2006
204:2005
190:2004
170:for
163:2002
107:SFP+
48:10GE
4367:MII
4362:MDI
4357:EAD
4352:AUI
4336:CFP
4331:XFP
4218:MAU
2662:10G
2464:NIC
2271:SMF
2240:SDH
2183:or
2148:OM4
2140:OM3
2135:82
2127:33
2119:26
2096:Gbd
1820:XFP
1804:LC
1745:XFP
1737:SC
1675:XFP
1657:LC
1570:LC
1501:LC
1434:SDH
1416:WAN
1388:LC
1326:WDM
1295:SC
1207:LC
1125:XFP
1107:LC
1032:XFP
1016:LC
875:15
870:XFP
634:GBd
628:NRZ
600:(→)
589:(→)
578:(⇆)
527:SMF
513:SMF
499:MMF
485:MMF
471:MMF
454:MMF
437:MMF
420:MMF
388:or
386:XFI
347:XFP
176:WAN
172:LAN
4431::
4326:X2
3882:^
3828:,
3805:.
3801:.
3721:.
3696:.
3671:,
3626:^
3609:.
3556:.
3528:.
3502:.
3381:^
3249:^
3179:^
3103:^
3060:^
3036:^
3018:.
3007:^
2982:^
2957:^
2918:.
2893:.
2867:.
2848:.
2542:.
2536:GF
2338:.
2277:.
2219:.
2099:.
1995:A
1954:4
1951:4
1835:1
1832:1
1829:2
1818:X2
1802:SC
1760:1
1757:1
1754:1
1690:1
1687:1
1684:2
1671:X2
1655:SC
1591:1
1588:1
1585:2
1568:SC
1530:1
1527:1
1524:2
1499:SC
1411:1
1408:1
1405:2
1386:SC
1329:;
1320:4
1317:4
1314:2
1305:X2
1236:1
1233:1
1230:2
1221:X2
1205:SC
1140:1
1137:1
1134:2
1121:X2
1105:SC
1047:1
1044:1
1041:2
1030:X2
1014:SC
964:1
961:1
958:1
953:15
884:4
878:4
866:X2
850:IB
789:1
786:1
783:1
773:—
770:—
740:1
737:1
734:1
731:1
728:—
725:—
684:4
678:4
675:1
672:—
669:—
626:×
622::
612:-
384:,
50:,
4324:/
4005:e
3998:t
3991:v
3944:.
3929:.
3905:.
3784:.
3758:.
3737:.
3707:.
3651:.
3620:.
3594:.
3568:.
3539:.
3514:.
3476:.
3413:.
3375:.
3348:.
3310:.
3201:.
3173:.
3147:.
3125:.
3097:.
3054:.
3030:.
3001:.
2976:.
2951:.
2930:.
2904:.
2878:.
2852:.
2834:.
2808:.
2782:.
2733:.
2525:2
2242:/
2235:/
1600:W
1539:W
1470:W
1432:/
1418:;
1357:W
1259:4
1257:X
951:7
891:;
852:)
848:(
815:4
813:X
778:?
691:;
649:4
647:X
614:(
594:#
583:#
572:#
463:0
446:0
429:0
288:/
20:)
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