736:) to take part in an offensive against the confederates in the region. On August 13 the regiment departed Cassville heading south and crossed the Arkansas border, from there heading west. During the march, Colonel Johnson decided to take a different route than a previous federal division to be in a better position if any confederate forces attacked but none came and the regiment marched into Indian Territory unmolested. On August 23 the 1st Arkansas reached Fort Gibson and the following day began marching south, behind General Blunt's main force. It was on that day, the 24th, that Col. Johnson was nearly the victim of friendly fire. Johnson decided to scout the route ahead of the regiment alone and after traveling 3 miles he spotted four men. Believing them to be rebels given their attire he approached the group and the two questioned each other, to which the answers Johnson gave didn't satisfy the men. The standoff gradually ended after Johnson, who was wearing a coat that hid his rank, asked if they belonged to General Blunt's army and the four replied they did. From there the two learned of each other's identity; the four men were union scouts who were hoping to rejoin the army. One of the men told Johnson that they "felt a strong inclination at the sight of him to fire upon him", with the man further elaborating to the Colonel that "our Army of the Frontier has its scouts & spies dressed in citizens' dress,in Federal uniform, in rebel uniform, in butternut & in buckskin; & we have a right to suppose that the secesh are as uncertain in their dress as we are".
798:, Thorpe's request was "quickly answered by a volley from our muskets that sent consternation into the rebel lines". Realizing the danger Thorpe's cavalry presented to his small force, Parker moved his men into the woods forcing the confederates to dismount. For 2 hours the two sides skirmished until a charge on both of Parker's flanks forced him to retreat. The confederates killed 2 soldiers and captured another 28, as well as 2 wagons. One of those killed was private Benjamin Wilkins who "fell pierced with several bullets, bravely discharging his six-shooter and killing one of his assailants". The 1st Arkansas likewise killed 10 men and wounded 8 others. Parker and around half of his force managed to escape and on his return informed Col. Johnson of the attack, hoping to disrupt Shelby's future movements. Of the 28 captured all but one would be released, as Private Little was shot for being a confederate deserter. Following the battle of Haguewood Prairie, the first Arkansas was presented with a flag made by the ladies of
678:, less than 20 miles from the Arkansas border. Rebel activity was strong around Cassville with scouts being attacked by small bands of confederates, though the city itself was never directly attacked. Col. Johnson was appointed the commander of the post and was active in this command, personally meeting with confederates under a flag of truce and sending out scouts across the region. The former involved a confederate captain requesting that Johnson remove the armed unionists from Arkansas, a request that was promptly denied by the colonel. On July 30 the Colonel received the same types of unionists the confederate captain referred to when Elijah Drake, the sheriff of Madison County, and 32 of his neighbors arrived at Cassville with weapons and enlisted into the union regiments at the post, including the 1st Arkansas Infantry. Drake and his fellow unionists had been hiding out in the hills due to the violence and theft which had become commonplace in the region.
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returning to
Arkansas. On November 7 Johnson was ordered to march the regiment east to escort a commissary train from Little Rock to Fort Smith. After marching 50 miles the train was reached and they proceeded back to Fort Smith unmolested, arriving on the 15th. By the fall of 1864, Fort Smith was in great need of supplies for both the soldiers stationed there and the refugees. Confederate activity in the region was also very much present. The previous month a foraging party from the 1st Arkansas was attacked and, while they successfully killed three rebels, one man was wounded and later had his leg amputated. A soldier later remarked that "It is hard that a good loyal man should lose his leg for three rebels." Attacks on union food supplies would continue and the status of Fort Smith was further weakened. On November 28 the regiment was ordered to escort 117 prisoners to
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records would be destroyed, including a few personnel records from
Company D. The flag of the 1st Arkansas was also nearly ruined but was saved by an African American man named Pete. Pete, who was attached to the regiment, saw the flag and, according to the Fort Smith New Era, "rolled it up and carried it on his back all the way to Little Rock", thereby saving it from destruction. Similar to their march to Springfield in the spring of 1863, the 1st Arkansas proceeded to Little Rock with only what they could carry on their backs due to a lack of adequate transportation. On May 3 the regiment reached Little Rock where they rested for four days before taking up the line of march again on the 7th towards Fort Smith. Arriving on the 16th they were placed on garrison duty for the remainder of the summer.
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July 29 confederate artillery began attacking the Fort but was driven off by the 2nd Kansas
Battery. The attack sent anxiety through the unionists in the northwest and the Fort took on even more refugees as a result, refugees that no doubt included relatives of the 1st Arkansas. On August 29, Captain Vanderpool was sent on a scouting mission with around 40 men from Company C and throughout September, October, and November, Vanderpool and his men would skirmish with confederate forces in Washington, Sebastian, and Newton Counties, seeing in all 5 men killed. Notably, they skirmished with soldiers belonging to Colonel William Brooks and Major General
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due to their lack of army clothing, though he later informed Searle to be ready to move them into position should the need arise. Companies A, F, and H were ordered to form along
Harrison's centerline, along with 4 companies of cavalry. During the battle, Harrison later ordered two companies in reserve to form along the federal left flank facing east. Despite the roaring guns of artillery the companies in reserve held firm and stayed in position. Near the end of the battle Harrison's centerline, of which the three infantry companies made up the right half, faced heavy fighting as the confederates attempted to capture the federal
744:. On the 29th the regiment was approached by a man who believed them to be members of the confederate army. Major Ham told him they were confederate reinforcements and brought the man to Colonel Johnson. Here he explained how many union soldiers he had killed, including one that very day. Upon learning this Ham and Johnson dropped the act and the confederate bushwhacker was killed. A cabin was later found that was believed to have been used to house similar bushwhackers and it was considered if it should be burned. Johnson refused as the cabin was the home of Native American women and children. On August 31 the regiment reached
875:, that being the harsh winter of northwest Arkansas. Enduring heavy snowfall and low temperatures, which reportedly reached as low as negative 12 degrees, the men of the First Arkansas would constantly be on duty searching for confederates, and as a result disease and desertion would plague the regiment. Despite their condition the regiment continued to see more enlistments. In January 1864 three privates from Company G were killed by confederate forces near Waldron. By the time the regiment left Waldron in February, they had lost roughly one third a companies worth of men to disease and desertion but gained 43 new recruits.
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853:, located roughly 45 miles south of Fort Smith. Despite the capture of Fort Smith in September, Confederate actively in the region was strong and as such Waldron would serve as the jumping off point for various expeditions and scouts to hunt down rebel forces, often at the direction of Col. Johnson. One such scout occurred on November 13 when Captains Vanderpool and Smith, both of Companies C and G respectively, with around 100-150 men, attacked a confederate camp near
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evacuation of
Fayetteville they were left stranded in Arkansas with little support. The Company F scout had been attacked by a force of 300-400 confederates, sending the men into a panic as they "fled to the bushes for safety". Throughout the summer the two detachments would continue to evade and skirmish with confederate guerrillas in Newton, Carroll, and Pope counties. Their main goal was disrupting confederate conscription in the region, with
526:. In 1850 Johnson married Elizabeth Johnson and the two would have seven children. Johnson attended the Ozark institute and Arkansas College where he likely became acquainted with Issac Murphy who taught at Ozark. Following a brief teaching stint of his own, Johnson left Arkansas to attend the St. Louis Medical School in 1857, returning two years later where he opened up his own medical clinic in Huntsville which he maintained until 1862.
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864:. Part of his command included Company C which was mounted for the occasion. They reached Mount Ida on December 4 but found no rebels. Johnson then ordered a series of scouts to be sent out across the region. On December 5 Johnson returned to Waldron as his cavalry and battery horses were to worn out to push any further south, though some of his scouts did continue on where they engaged in brief skirmishing and took prisoners.
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404:, unionists raised the Stars and Stripes above the courthouse. However, this region had by no means had a unionists majority. Following Arkansas seceding from the Union, men rushed to enlist in the confederate army from all across Arkansas, with multiple regiments being organized in the Northwest. Despite this Arkansas unionists still held firm, albeit in secrecy, such as the organization of the
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1st
Arkansas Infantry as being "totally without transportation, clothing or tents, or equipments" and the only weapons they could procure came from the guns left on the battlefield of Prairie Grove, of which were "of all patterns and calibers". Harrison was also concerned that if Fayetteville was attacked, union forces would not be able to distinguish between them and "rebels in the same
752:, while he, his bodyguard, and the 1st Arkansas captured Fort Smith. The regiment entered the garrison without opposition and for the first time since 1861, the American Flag was raised over the Fort. The journey that ended in Fort Smith's capture was brutal for the regiment with an officer stating that the regiment "marched 400 miles on scanty rations and poor water".
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few from the regiment fled during the battle, most notably the
Regimental Quartermaster Crittenden Wells who later returned and was dismissed in July. In his after-action report, Colonel Harrison praised Lt. Col. Searle and Major Ham, saying that the two "did good service in keeping their men in position and preventing them from being terrified by the artillery".
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442:. Along the way his army was joined by a few of the local unionists mentioned earlier. These men wanted to fight the same men who had harassed them and their families and became dismayed after learning that the army's destination would take them east to the Mississippi River. Nonetheless these men carried on and were eventually mustered in a
482:. Like many other unionists, they left due to the increasing amount of harassment at the hands of confederate guerillas. All three men were prominent unionists, the most famous of which being Murphy who was the only delegate to vote against secession during the final call the previous year. The group headed north until they reached
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received a "spurious" or defective vaccine. While vaccines were nothing new, the process of distributing large quantities of them across the union was and as such inadequate vaccines were sometimes issued. Of the 300 men who received the spurious vaccines, some became so sick they were required to be discharged for disability.
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The 1st
Arkansas Infantry was attached to District Southwest Missouri, Dept. Missouri to December 1863. The 1st Arkansas was attached to 2nd Brigade, District of the Frontier, Dept. Missouri, to January 1864. The regiment was attached to 2nd Brigade, District of the Frontier, 7th Army Corps, Dept. of
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countermanded
General Canby's evacuation order and Fort Smith remained occupied. Some union families had evacuated before this order was received but military troops remained in the region. While this was happening eight companies of the 1st Arkansas were stationed at Fort Gibson with companies A and
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reached the Union army. In response detachments of
Companies H and I were sent to deliver ammunition and other supplies to the mountain feds. Led by Captain Parker, with about 50-60 soldiers, they marched east towards Dardanelle and successfully completed their mission without any major difficulties.
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Fearing that Fayetteville would again come under attack and faced with dwindling supplies, Harrison decided to withdraw his force into Missouri. On April 25 the two loyal Arkansans regiments departed Fayetteville along with a train of over 1,000 unionist families, many of which likely belonged to the
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counties. Johnson was commissioned as the regiment's colonel and Searle was mustered in as Lieutenant Colonel. At the time of their mustering, however, the 1st Arkansas could scarcely be called a regiment. An April 1 report by Colonel Marcus Harrison, commanding officer at Fayetteville, describes the
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Elhanan John Searle was born in 1835 and grew up in Illinois where he was educated at River Seminary the Northwestern University where he obtained a bachelor's and master's degree. While at college Searle began studying law and in 1859, following his graduation, moved to Springfield to work under the
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period, Arkansas geopolitics could be split into two regions. The eastern counties along the Mississippi River, with their large slave plantations situated on flat fertile land, and the northwest, with its rolling hills taken up by yeomen and small towns. Unlike their fellow Arkansans on the opposite
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and successfully pushed them back enough to secure a route to Camden, which he started for on the 12th. Sources vary on whether the 1st Arkansas participated in this Battle, though if they were present they likely weren't engaged. On April 13, the frontier division, serving as the rearguard, had not
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to represent northwest Arkansas. The recently appointed Captain of Company I, John Whiteford, nominated Col. Johnson which was unanimously agreed upon. On November 23 the election, in which the citizens voted, was held and Johnson won. In December Johnson was granted a leave of absence from the army
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In the months following their capture at Fort Smith, the 1st Arkansas ranks had increased to what would be their highest amount during the war, numbering 979 men in total in November. The same month the regiment would see these numbers drop as, during a smallpox vaccination clinic, about 300 men had
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One man who did not return however was Captain Heffington. Throughout the spring and summer, Heffington was active in attempting to induct various mountain feds into the Union army. The removal of Union forces in Arkansas, which occurred following his departure from the regiment, made this task more
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By the end of the war Searle had served as the de facto colonel of the First Arkansas, with reverend Springer, as early as the summer of 1863, stating that "Lt. Col. Searle, of course, is its Commander". Johnson was often busy with commanding various military post or away on matters relating to the
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across the River hoping to be north of the it before any substantial rebel attack. On the morning of April 30 the confederates, which had perused the army since the 28th, launched an attack and, while most of the armies cavalry and artillery had crossed, much of the infantry still remained south of
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would state that "The Enemy threw his shell with great accuracy" and that "several shell fell in the ranks of the 1st Arkansas Infantry". The division pushed the confederate attackers back around four miles and the skirmish was over, allowing the division to march through the swampy terrain towards
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to begin the process of establishing a pro-union government to be recognized in Washington. One of these steps involved holding a mass meeting in Fort Smith with attendees from across the northwestern counties. Held on October 30, the meeting passed several resolutions affirming their commitment to
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courthouse with speeches being made by Col Johnson, Lt. Col Searle, and other commanders which were "loudly applauded, and were well calculated to encourage the patriotic aspirations of the numerous assemblage of citizens and soldiers". This event is in direct contrast with the mood in Van Buren at
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After a March of over 100 miles, the regiment arrived at Springfield on May 4, marching into the city in their "ragged and tattered 'Butternuts'" according to one account. Here Col. Johnson returned to the regiment and for the next two months, the regiment would remain in Springfield at where they
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The regiment's success did not come without a cost however as Captains Parker and Smith, of Companies H and A respectively, were both slightly wounded along with 6 others and one wounded severely. Private Cockrell would die during the battle and Private Shockley would later succumb to his wounds. A
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attacked Fayetteville and colonel Harrison quickly organized his Arkansas regiments for battle. Given Colonel Johnson's absence, command of the regiment fell to Lieutenant Colonel Searle and Major Elijah D. Ham. Harrison ordered Searle to move seven companies of the regiment into a reserve position
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ordered that Fort Smith be evacuated because of the post's lack of adequate supplies. This order was met with shock and anger in Arkansas, including in the union state government in Little Rock. Three colonels of Arkansas union regiments, including Col. Johnson, wrote a letter to President Lincoln
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During the July 4th festivities at Fort Smith, the regiment was reported as arriving in "fine style of martial array and with their regimental band at the head of the column". The celebrations that began the month of July were replaced by the shot and shells of confederate artillery at the end. On
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By 2:00 PM the Battle, the largest engagement the regiment would partake in, was over and the 1st Arkansas crossed the Saline River and headed north to Little Rock. In order to quickly cross through the flooding and mud, Steele had ordered that there be only one wagon to each brigade and many army
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then sent the two regiments to bolster the Union left flank. As the battle raged the 1st Arkansas mostly maintained a defensive position, re-enforcing the union left against any move on their flank, thus sparing the regiment from any high casualties. During the last major attack of the battle, the
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Following the capture of Fort Smith, the 1st Arkansas was reunited with the detachments from companies C and F, which had previously been sent on a scouting mission in the weeks following the regiment's mustering. Due to Portions of Companies C and F being sent off on detached service prior to the
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Only a few months ago the members of the 1st Ark. Infantry were raw recruits & quite as unsoldierly in appearance as the most ludicrous person could desire for a caricature of Motley Militia on training day in time of peace. But they are now in admirable trim,--expert in the use of the musket,
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Johnson was against slavery and in the 1850s bought an enslaved mother and child and had them officially freed thanks to his friend Judge Elijah D. Ham, who would be appointed as Major of the 1st Arkansas. Johnson and his family were prominent unionists when the Civil War broke out and due to this
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and 1st Arkansas Infantry, and there were doubts about how effective the Arkansans would be. The 1st Infantry was still awaiting proper guns and clothing from Missouri but these never arrived in time for the battle. Equipment aside much of the regiment would be unavailable for action as many were
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History of Benton, Washington, Carroll, Madison, Crawford, Franklin, and Sebastian Counties, Arkansas: From the Earliest Time to the Present, Including a Department Devoted to the Preservation of Sundry Personal, Business, Professional and Private Records ; Besides a Valuable Fund of Notes,
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It is now garrisoned in part by these regiments, and the families of the soldiers are living in the country adjacent, and even were they fortunate enough, in the great scarcity of transportation, to get away with their lives, would have to leave all their possessions behind, come to our military
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Also in July, a scouting mission to Fayetteville was launched from Cassville, which included a few soldiers from the 1st Arkansas infantry who were mounted for this expedition. The scout reached Fayetteville but the rebels had retreated just before they arrived. The scouts were attacked on their
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On January 31, 1863, Johnson and Searle hosted a large gathering at Huntsville for recruiting, and according to Reverend Francis Springer, who later become the regiment's chaplain, "a considerable number of enlistments entered the roll of the new regiment". In March the regiment received a large
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Cavalry's, with a small detachment of the 1st Arkansas Infantry from Cassville. Shortly after their arrival, however, the town was once again attacked and many from the Company F detachment fled in disarray and were later marked as deserters. The skirmish ended shortly thereafter and both sides
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In September Col. Johnson returned from Washington, D.C., and again assumed command of the regiment. Despite his efforts, his election was not recognized by Congress and they refused to seat him. Johnson also worked for President Lincoln's re-election campaign in Baltimore in the summer before
918:. The divisions march was slow and cumbersome, and the deadline of April 1 came and went. Steele, having reached Arkadelphia, waited for Thayer and his division for a few days before deciding to continue south without them, hoping to contact them soon. On April 9 the two forces met at the
451:. Unlike the 1st Arkansas Infantry battalion, the 1st Arkansas Cavalry saw much fighting in Northwest Arkansas, mainly skirmishing with confederate guerrillas. In the fall of 1862, unionists would be given good news as another large Union army was once again entering Northwest Arkansas.
794:. Not only was the encounter a surprise to both sides, but some of the 1st Arkansas also had their families present when the attack began. Quickly gaining the advantage, the confederates surrounded Parker on three sides before firing and requesting Parker to surrender. According to the
423:. Some men, after seeing this large Yankee army invade their state, were compelled to enlist in confederate regiments as a way of protecting their homes. For those who had been harassed it was a sight of relief. The latter of which would have their hopes dashed no soon as they began.
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difficult, though his mountain feds were able to successfully fend off multiple confederate attacks. In August, Heffington was killed while attempting to reach Cassville to organize a force to relieve the unionists, though much of the circumstances of his death are a mystery.
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D still present at Fort Smith. By January the regiment returned from Gibson and was back under the command of Lt. Col. Searle as Col. Johnson once again left to attend the next session of Congress in another effort to be recognized. He would return to the regiment in April.
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yet departed the prairie and was attacked. All of the 1st Brigade, which included three loyal Arkansas units, was engaged in the fighting and for the first time, the entire regiment participated in an engagement as a full unit. A war correspondent with the
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likely waited to receive proper equipment. Company E reported that its men were sent to guard forage trains and conduct patrols, all the while lacking any shoes, coats or blankets to protect them against the elements. On July 6 the regiment was ordered to
857:. Here they killed 16 and took a similar number as prisoners, including a confederate Major. The attack was a complete surprise and as a result they left behind thousands of pounds of bacon and 10,000 rounds of ammunition which was subsequently captured.
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number of recruits due to the arrivals of Captains Brown, Vanderpool, and a guerilla fighter named William "Wild Bill" Heffington. Captain Vanderpool of Company C brought 200 men from Newton County on March 8 and Captain brown brought 83 unionists from
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We fought all day on swampy land The night before we were up all night in the rain in line of battle, and during the fight we were up to our knees in water, and when we had drove the enemy back we had to march on return four miles through mud knee
581:. Some of these deserters, as well as unionists, formed armed units to repulse confederates in the region. These units would often seek refuge in the woods and hilly terrain of the Northwest, thus receiving the name "Mountain Feds" by both sides.
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law office of Abraham Lincoln and his partner William Herndon. By the time Searle passed the bar the civil war began and Lincoln, now president, offered Searle an army commission but he turned it down and instead enlisted as a private in the
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also states the same. The individual company returns however state that they only fought on the 13th. The three soldiers who died during these engagements are sometimes listed as killed in action on the 12th in some reports and the 13th on
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union left was charged by two Texas brigades. Major Frank Johnson, then the Captain of Company B, would later report that the regiment helped repulse this move on their flank with "considerable loss to the enemy, and losing no men itself".
392:, a Federal Army Fort, of which to offer them protection. With these conditions, it is easy to see why the Northwest was the most Pro-Union area in the state. The men of this region were also one of the first to offer themselves as
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The town of Fayetteville was becoming increasingly vulnerable throughout the spring of 1863, with confederate forces slowly making their way back into the northwest. By April Fayetteville was only garrisoned by two regiments, the
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Historic Rock Island County: History of the Settlement of Rock Island County from the Earliest Known Period to the Present Time ... Embracing References of Importance, and Including a Biography of Rock Island County's Well-known
887:. The campaign involved sending the union army in Louisiana to attack the northwestern portion of that state from the south, while the union army in Arkansas was to attack from the north. From there the two armies would meet at
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On his return, Parker decided to make camp at Haguewood Prairie, an area that would allow his men to visit their families in the area. On September 27 the companies were encountered by elements of confederate cavalry known as "
946:. On April 25 the regiment skirmished with confederate forces around Camden. Camden had not been the answer to the army supply issues as General Steele had hoped and decided to abandon the offensive in favor of returning to
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408:. Those who spoke out against secession found themselves being increasingly harassed by confederate sympathizers. Some decided to move into the mountains for seclusion and protection while others fled the state entirely.
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in the summer of 1862. Their enlistments only lasted 6 months and in that time they saw no fighting and were later mustered out in Missouri. Another Arkansas Regiment was also formed in the same summer, that being the
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of the regiment for the remainder of the war. Shown here is the Barracks of Fort Smith, designed to quarter soldiers the amount of units stationed at the Fort meant the majority camped in tents on the parade ground.
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The regiment arrived at General Blunt's headquarters on the 25th where they rested and ate the little amount of food they could. Continuing on the march they eventually reached a road that led in the direction of
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Many of the new volunteers had previously served in the Confederate army, some willingly and others conscripted, who had since deserted, Captain Heffington for example had previously served as a Lieutenant in the
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In 1865 much of the frontier began to quite down and by summer the Civil War was over. The First Regiment of Arkansas Infantry Volunteers was mustered out on August 10, 1865, serving the union for over 2 years.
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and, like many of the 1st Arkansas, were confederate deserters who left at the first chance they could. Eight companies of the regiment proceeded to Fort Gibson while Companies A and D remained at Fort Smith.
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Arkansas, to March 1864. The regiment was attached to 1st Brigade, District of the Frontier, 7th Army Corps, to February 1865. 1st Brigade, 3rd Division, 7th Army Corps, to August 1865.
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the beginning of the war, as in May 1861 the women of the town had also made a flag for the confederate volunteer company "Pope Walker Guard", which later made up company B of the
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While Col. Johnson operated the post Lt. Col. Searle and Major Ham oversaw the daily regimental drill. Reverend Springer wrote the following in regards to the regiment's training:
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serving as their headquarters briefly. On August 22 Captain Vanderpool, who led the Company C detachment, reunited with Company F at Fayetteville. Also at Fayetteville were the
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their safety in the region became so uncertain that the decision was made to leave, with Johnson making plans for his family to relocate to Illinois while he joined the army.
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907:, began the offensive and marched south from Little Rock. Union forces in the northwest, which had been organized into the "Frontier Division" under Brigadier General
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departed. By September 3 Captain Vanderpool had led both detachments to Fort Smith where they rejoined the regiment after more than 4 months of evading enemy capture.
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578:
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3151:
Cowles, Calvin D.; Moodey, John S.; Ainsworth, Fred C.; Kirkley, Joseph W.; Perry, Leslie J; Davis, George B.; Lazelle, H. M.; Scott, Robert N. (1880–1901).
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Cowles, Calvin D.; Moodey, John S.; Ainsworth, Fred C.; Kirkley, Joseph W.; Perry, Leslie J; Davis, George B.; Lazelle, H. M.; Scott, Robert N. (1880–1901).
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Cowles, Calvin D.; Moodey, John S.; Ainsworth, Fred C.; Kirkley, Joseph W.; Perry, Leslie J; Davis, George B.; Lazelle, H. M.; Scott, Robert N. (1880–1901).
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Cowles, Calvin D.; Moodey, John S.; Ainsworth, Fred C.; Kirkley, Joseph W.; Perry, Leslie J; Davis, George B.; Lazelle, H. M.; Scott, Robert N. (1880–1901).
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Cowles, Calvin D.; Moodey, John S.; Ainsworth, Fred C.; Kirkley, Joseph W.; Perry, Leslie J; Davis, George B.; Lazelle, H. M.; Scott, Robert N. (1880–1901).
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The First Arkansas, commanded by Lt. Col. Searle, departed Fort Smith on March 24, serving as part of the 1st Brigade of the Frontier Division under Colonel
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Campaign and the following exodus of the northwestern confederate army that recruiting could finally begin. In December Johnson set up a headquarters at
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and the following day, on 1 September, General Blunt sent Colonel William Cloud's brigade to follow the retreating confederates, which cumulated in the
806:, "The ladies of that place made and presented to the 1st Reg't Ark. Infantry, a large Federal flag". They also reported the flag was raised above the
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return trip by concealed confederates, who wounded 2 men. Responding in kind, the scouts took 9 prisoners and reportedly killed 17 of their attackers.
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on April 15. Captain Heffington and Colonel Johnson were not present as well, with the former leaving to induct more recruits and the latter being at
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and throughout the summer and fall would serve as an aide to various other Generals in Arkansas, eventually traveling back to the northwest with the
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posts as beggars, and be the despised and contemned refugees of this war. Those who would be left behind would become the prey of rebel desperadoes.
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and in January he was aided by an Illinois captain named Elhanan J. Searle, and the two would gradually recruit men from the surrounding counties.
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494:. Johnson and his brother offered their services to the Union army, with Johnson becoming an Aide to General Curtis. Johnson followed the army to
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Lieutenant Colonel Searle reported that the regiment fought at both Prairie D'ane on April 12th and Moscow on the 13th. Frederick H. Dyers book
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On March 25, 1863, the regiment was officially mustered into service, numbering 36 officers and 810 enlisted, the majority of these being from
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Three weeks following the successful raid at Mount Ida, Col. Johnson led another expedition in the same direction, though this time as far
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many unionists fled to the Fort for protection and to enlist, with many of the latter serving in the 1st Arkansas as the Fort was the main
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and Prairie Grove before being sent to Huntsville in January 1863, where Searle began to aid In the organization of the 1st Arkansas.
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3263:"Six Days One Summer: The Confederate Attack on Fort Smith, 1864 - Fort Smith National Historic Site (U.S. National Park Service)"
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and, referring to the loyal Arkansas units at Fort Smith, wrote the following about the effects of Fort Smith being abandoned -
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and here Johnson received the authority to raise a loyal Arkansas Infantry Regiment. It wouldn't be until the aftermath of the
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2137:
2090:
2058:
1509:
1422:
1399:
1338:
770:
590:
3502:
3478:
3365:
3338:
3314:
3287:
3238:
3052:
3028:
2812:
2689:
2530:
2506:
2414:
2390:
2180:
2029:
2005:
1651:
1627:
1488:
967:
412:
930:
729:
198:
88:
1886:"War of the Rebellion: Serial 032 Page 0308 MO., ARK., KANS., IND. T., AND DEPT., N. W. Chapter XXXIV. | eHISTORY"
1841:"War of the Rebellion: Serial 032 Page 0308 MO., ARK., KANS., IND. T., AND DEPT., N. W. Chapter XXXIV. | eHISTORY"
1236:
1172:. (Washington : Govt. print. off., 1867), by Arkansas. Adjutant-General's Office Accessed 13 September 2013.
1084:
883:
In the spring of 1864, the Union Army would launch its last major offensive in Arkansas as part of the ill-fated
807:
606:
363:
in 1861, not all of its citizens supported secession. Arkansas formed some 48 infantry regiments to serve in the
942:
By April 18 the regiment had arrived in Camden and proceeded to do reconnaissance around the city following the
397:
1523:
1395:
1334:
523:
98:
3199:
2969:
1990:
970:, the regiment remained north of the fighting but General Thayer later sent them to the action along with the
787:
217:
38:
204:
2898:
2481:
1942:
1796:
1767:
1738:
1709:
1680:
1603:
943:
791:
634:
602:
598:
594:
507:
223:
209:
1570:
69:
3551:
Report of the Adjutant General of Arkansas, for the Period of the Late Rebellion, and to November 1, 1866.
2311:
2275:
2242:
2209:
1418:
1241:
832:
the union cause, including the abolition of slavery. Also decided upon was to send an elected delegate to
511:
459:
405:
401:
165:
159:
3456:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
3432:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
3408:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
3216:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
3003:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
2674:
2439:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
2115:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
1867:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
1822:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
1552:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
1281:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
1170:
Report of the adjutant general of Arkansas, for the period of the late rebellion, and to November 1, 1866
3391:
3262:
2657:
1506:
The Preacher's Tale: The Civil War Journal of Rev. Francis Springer, Chaplain, U.S. Army of the Frontier
1151:
947:
888:
861:
828:
745:
570:
566:
491:
420:
1463:
2716:
2456:
3220:
2839:
2773:"War of the Rebellion: Serial 032 Page 0769 Chapter XXXIV. SCOUT TO MOUNT IDA, ARK., ETC. | eHISTORY"
741:
721:
704:
649:
499:
475:
389:
171:
136:
3454:
3430:
3406:
3214:
3001:
2942:
1865:
1820:
522:
James Madison Johnson his was born in 1832 in Tennessee but moved to Arkansas in 1836, settling in
3154:
The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies
3108:
The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies
2987:
The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies
2884:
The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies
2867:
The War of the Rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies
2743:
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
2591:
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
1525:
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
1490:
The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies
1002:
939:
Camden. Of the seven Union soldiers killed during the skirmish three belonged to the 1st Arkansas.
922:
but instead of pushing further south Steele ordered the army to head northeast towards the town of
854:
799:
675:
633:
sick and portions of Companies C and F, numbering over 100 men, were sent on a scouting mission to
553:
427:
275:
188:
837:
and departed to Washington, D.C., where he would remain away from his regiment for nearly a year.
384:
side of the state, cotton was not king in the northwest. This region was also located next to the
908:
884:
487:
483:
431:
416:
352:
154:
867:
At Waldron, however, the First Arkansas would face a far more dangerous threat than confederate
283:
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238:
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3131:
3085:
3062:
3038:
2822:
2699:
2540:
2516:
2457:"Buffalo National River: Let The River Be: A History of the Ozark's Buffalo River (Chapter 3)"
2424:
2400:
2372:
2319:
2283:
2250:
2217:
2190:
2141:
2094:
2062:
2039:
2015:
1946:
1917:
1800:
1771:
1742:
1713:
1684:
1661:
1637:
1607:
1426:
1309:
1212:
1124:
1044:
On January 10, 1865, after protests from the state government and military officials, General
982:
Captain John Whiteford of Company I would later recount the battle in a letter to his wife -
975:
896:
868:
850:
538:
464:
434:, Tennessee but after being ordered to send half his army to Missouri and being defeated near
260:
193:
182:
2589:
17:
3568:
2364:
1045:
923:
900:
762:
733:
495:
439:
435:
430:, on March 7, 1862, General Curtis began to move his army east with the intent of capturing
385:
380:
364:
84:
2887:. Series 1. Vol. 34, Part 1: Reports. Washington: Govt. Print. Off. pp. 660, 693.
2772:
1885:
1840:
3460:
3436:
3412:
3007:
573:
with another large group of men which later became Company I, with Heffington as Captain.
1369:
2630:
1370:"Annual Bulletin of the Saint Louis Medical College, 1857-1858. [Printed 1858]"
1237:"Forging with Embers: The Life and Pre-gubernatorial Career of Isaac Murphy, 1799-1864"
1018:
959:
926:
to resupply his large and hungry force, a move supported by his divisional commanders.
782:
717:
699:
503:
657:. After repulsing multiple charges the confederates withdrew and the battle war over.
3577:
3157:. Series 1. Vol. 34, Part 1: Reports. Washington: Govt. Print. Off. p. 726.
3111:. Series 1. Vol. 34, Part 1: Reports. Washington: Govt. Print. Off. p. 690.
2990:. Series 1. Vol. 34, Part 1: Reports. Washington: Govt. Print. Off. p. 743.
2870:. Series 1. Vol. 34, Part 1: Reports. Washington: Govt. Print. Off. p. 659.
1120:
833:
73:
2605:
3550:
1031:
614:." These were the conditions in which the regiment would enter their first battle.
479:
3152:
3106:
2985:
2882:
2865:
1017:
and report to Colonel Stephen H. Wattles. The prisoners belonged to Major General
802:, a town the regiment would occasionally be posted at. According to the newspaper
1145:
1182:
1014:
872:
846:
725:
1074:
368:
348:
3563:
2376:
411:
Northwest Arkansas saw extensive action early in the Civil War following the
638:
2352:
552:, eventually rising to the rank of captain. The 10th cavalry saw action at
2368:
708:
356:
344:
341:
690:
prompt, vigorous & precise in maneuver; & always ready for duty.
3543:
2353:"Civil War Arkansas, 1863: The Battle for a State by Mark K. Christ"
845:
On November 6, the First Arkansas was ordered by Brigadier General
645:, less than 500 of the 810 enlisted would be available for action.
3507:
3483:
3370:
3343:
3319:
3292:
3243:
3057:
3033:
2817:
2694:
2535:
2511:
2419:
2395:
2185:
2034:
2010:
1656:
1632:
1464:"Battle Unit Details - The Civil War (U.S. National Park Service)"
698:
911:, were ordered to link up with Steele at Arkadelphia by April 1.
958:, 50 miles south of Little Rock. The army hastily constructed a
463:
Colonel Johnson, leader of the 1st Arkansas went on to become a
3078:
Harvest of Death : The Battle of Jenkins' Ferry, Arkansas
929:
Through April 10–12 Steele attacked the confederate forces at
716:
In August the regiment was ordered to report to Major General
400:. In April 1861, in response to a confederate flag raising at
827:
By the fall of 1863, steps were taken in both Fort Smith and
388:, where no doubt citizens took comfort in the fact of having
648:
On the morning of April 18, 1863, a confederate force under
474:
In April 1862 James M. Johnson, a doctor and unionist from
367:, but also formed another 11 regiments that served in the
478:, left the state with his brother, Frank, and his friend
3124:
Harvest of Death: The Battle of Jenkins' Ferry, Arkansas
3065:. pp. 66, 79, 93, 107, 121, 136, 148, 161, 175–176.
1297:
1295:
415:. In February 1862 a federal army, under the command of
320:
1st Battery, Arkansas Light Artillery (African Descent)
502:
in October 1862. As the Army moved south they reached
3503:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
3479:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
3366:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
3339:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
3315:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
3288:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
3239:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
3053:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
3029:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
2813:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
2690:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
2531:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
2507:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
2415:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
2391:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
2181:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
2030:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
2006:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
1652:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
1628:"Civil War Service Records (CMSR) - Union - Arkansas"
895:. The Arkansas portion of the campaign, known as the
781:
In September, news of a large body of unionists near
3604:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
3584:
Units and formations of the Union Army from Arkansas
3170:
Harvest of Death: Battle of Jenkins' Ferry, Arkansas
1098:
List of United States Colored Troops Civil War Units
3538:. New York and London. Thomas Yoseloff, Publisher.
2341:
Report of the Adjutant General of Arkansas, p. 203.
790:", led by Captain Thorpe, who was heading north to
281:
266:
251:
236:
231:
150:
142:
132:
122:
114:
104:
94:
79:
64:
56:
48:
43:
Artist Interpretation of 1st Arkansas National Flag
31:
1302:Reynolds, John Hugh; Thomas, David Yancey (1910).
1119:This article contains text from a text now in the
3594:Military units and formations established in 1863
3197:"Correspondence. Interesting from Little Rock".
2568:"Fort Smith New Era, October 1863-December 1864"
3251:. pp. 67, 80, 93, 108, 121, 136, 149, 162.
2572:The University of Texas at Tyler, Scholar Works
1037:
984:
687:
3553:, (Washington : Govt. print. off., 1867).
1374:Saint Louis Medical College Annual Catalogues
813:First Cavalry Regiment, Arkansas State Troops
641:for a military tribunal. By the start of the
8:
438:, Curtis then decided to occupy the city of
3174:CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
3128:CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
3082:CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform
2631:"Smallpox and Vaccination in the Civil War"
3465:United States Government Publishing Office
3441:United States Government Publishing Office
3417:United States Government Publishing Office
3225:United States Government Publishing Office
3012:United States Government Publishing Office
2443:United States Government Publishing Office
2119:United States Government Publishing Office
1872:United States Government Publishing Office
1827:United States Government Publishing Office
1557:United States Government Publishing Office
1286:United States Government Publishing Office
298:
2337:
2335:
1209:Pea Ridge: Civil War Campaign in the West
899:after the fact, was led by Major General
325:1st Battalion Arkansas Volunteer Infantry
3535:A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion
3296:. Under the name "Vanderpool, James R".
2924:A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion
2539:. Under the name "Vanderpool, James R".
1129:A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion
963:the Saline, including the 1st Arkansas.
537:
458:
338:1st Regiment Arkansas Volunteer Infantry
32:1st Regiment Arkansas Volunteer Infantry
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1162:
1131:. Des Moines, IA: Dyer Publishing Co.
3360:
3358:
3309:
3307:
3023:
3021:
2937:
2935:
2933:
1093:List of Arkansas Civil War Union units
396:for the Federal government during the
28:
2834:
2832:
2746:. United States War Department. 1888.
2711:
2709:
2635:National Museum of Civil War Medicine
2594:. United States War Department. 1888.
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2301:
2299:
2080:
2078:
2038:. Under the name "Johnson, James M".
1593:
1591:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1528:. United States War Department. 1888.
1493:. United States War Department. 1888.
1385:
1383:
1305:History of the University of Arkansas
1274:
1272:
1147:Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System
7:
3511:. Under the name "Johnson James M".
3487:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
3374:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
3323:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
3247:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
3061:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
3037:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
2698:. First Infantry, Johnson, James M.
2655:"UNCONDITIONAL UNION MASS MEETING".
2578:from the original on April 16, 2022.
2515:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
2423:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
2399:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
2189:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
2014:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
1660:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
1640:. January 7, 2009. pp. 74, 116.
1636:. First Infantry, Unit Information.
1270:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1230:
1228:
3347:. Under the name "Johnson James M.
1939:The Battle of Fayetteville Arkansas
1793:The Battle of Fayetteville Arkansas
1764:The Battle of Fayetteville Arkansas
1735:The Battle of Fayetteville Arkansas
1706:The Battle of Fayetteville Arkansas
1677:The Battle of Fayetteville Arkansas
1600:The Battle of Fayetteville Arkansas
3589:1865 disestablishments in Arkansas
1400:Madison Country Historical Society
1392:Madison County Musings Summer 1984
1331:Madison County Musings Summer 1984
1103:Arkansas in the American Civil War
1026:Attempted Evacuation of Fort Smith
25:
1339:Madison County Historical Society
1009:into Missouri in early November.
996:Service on the Frontier 1864-1865
669:Service on the Frontier 1863-1864
1355:Original Observations, Etc., Etc
1139: This article incorporates
1134:
1114:
1077:
903:. In March General Steele, with
282:
267:
252:
237:
83:
68:
52:March 25, 1863 – August 10, 1865
37:
3599:1863 establishments in Arkansas
2761:. November 21, 1863. p. 1.
2661:. November 10, 1863. p. 1.
1358:. Higginson Book Company. 1889.
1183:"The Civil War in Fayetteville"
486:, where they made contact with
3395:. October 22, 1864. p. 2.
2678:. December 7, 1863. p. 4.
1978:Dyer (1959), Volume 3. p. 999.
1913:The Civil War on the Border...
1:
2801:. January 9, 1864. p. 1.
1664:. January 7, 2009. p. 7.
1452:. Kramer & Company. 1908.
1187:The Civil War in Fayetteville
361:Confederate States of America
99:United States Army Volunteers
18:1st Arkansas Infantry (Union)
2316:University of Arkansas Press
2280:University of Arkansas Press
2247:University of Arkansas Press
2214:University of Arkansas Press
2167:University of Arkansas Press
2138:University of Arkansas Press
2091:University of Arkansas Press
2059:University of Arkansas Press
1510:University of Arkansas Press
1423:University of Arkansas Press
966:In the opening hours of the
849:to occupy the small town of
703:Following the occupation of
419:, entered Arkansas south of
2967:"Battle of Praire du Han".
1988:"FROM SOUTHWEST MISSOURI".
177:Battle of Haguewood Prairie
3620:
3569:1st Arkansas Infantry, USA
3549:Bishop, Albert W. (1867).
3203:. May 26, 1864. p. 1.
3014:. 1867. pp. 178, 188.
2973:. May 13, 1864. p. 1.
2943:"Encyclopedia of Arkansas"
2899:"Encyclopedia of Arkansas"
2840:"Encyclopedia of Arkansas"
2717:"Encyclopedia of Arkansas"
2482:"Encyclopedia of Arkansas"
2445:. 1867. pp. 178, 188.
1829:. 1867. pp. 172, 173.
1571:"Encyclopedia of Arkansas"
1308:. University of Arkansas.
750:Battle of Devil's Backbone
665:1st infantry and cavalry.
449:1st Arkansas Union Cavalry
290:Francis "Frank" M. Johnson
3443:. 1867. pp. 262–263.
2351:Edwards, Gary T. (2015).
1994:. May 8, 1863. p. 2.
1085:American Civil War portal
313:
310:
36:
3200:Weekly Atchison Champion
2970:The Leavenworth Bulletin
2947:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
2903:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
2844:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
2721:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
2486:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1991:The Leavenworth Bulletin
1575:Encyclopedia of Arkansas
1396:Madison County, Arkansas
1335:Madison County, Arkansas
944:Battle of Poison Springs
823:Election of Col. Johnson
488:General Samual R. Curtis
413:Battle of Wilson's Creek
302:Arkansas Union Regiments
2306:Furry, William (2001).
2270:Furry, William (2001).
2237:Furry, William (2001).
2204:Furry, William (2001).
2161:Furry, William (2001).
2132:Furry, William (2001).
2085:Furry, William (2001).
2053:Furry, William (2001).
1937:Mahan, Russell (2019).
1910:Britton, Wiley (1899).
1791:Mahan, Russell (2019).
1770:. pp. 51, 54, 60.
1762:Mahan, Russell (2019).
1733:Mahan, Russell (2019).
1704:Mahan, Russell (2019).
1675:Mahan, Russell (2019).
1598:Mahan, Russell (2019).
1504:Furry, William (2001).
1413:Furry, William (2001).
1390:Weideman, Ruby (1984).
1329:Weideman, Ruby (1984).
968:Battle of Jenkins Ferry
954:located on the swollen
210:Battle of Jenkins Ferry
199:Battle of Prairie D'Ane
2757:"THE REBEL MARAUDER".
2312:Fayetteville, Arkansas
2276:Fayetteville, Arkansas
2243:Fayetteville, Arkansas
2210:Fayetteville, Arkansas
1943:Historical Enterprises
1797:Historical Enterprises
1768:Historical Enterprises
1739:Historical Enterprises
1710:Historical Enterprises
1681:Historical Enterprises
1604:Historical Enterprises
1419:Fayetteville, Arkansas
1242:University of Arkansas
1207:Shea, William (1992).
1141:public domain material
1042:
1030:On December 5 General
989:
713:
692:
650:General William Cabell
623:Battle of Fayetteville
579:17th Arkansas Infantry
544:
471:
406:Arkansas Peace Society
160:Battle of Fayetteville
3564:The Civil War Archive
2369:10.1353/cwh.2015.0056
1916:G. P. Putnam's sons.
1152:National Park Service
920:Little Missouri River
788:Shelby's Iron Brigade
702:
695:Capture of Fort Smith
655:headquarters building
550:10th Illinois Cavalry
541:
492:Army of the Southwest
462:
444:battalion of infantry
421:Springfield, Missouri
3467:. 1867. p. 269.
3419:. 1867. p. 266.
3227:. 1867. p. 180.
3176:. pp. 155–165.
3168:Walker, Joe (2018).
3122:Walker, Joe (2018).
3076:Walker, Joe (2018).
2121:. 1867. p. 190.
1874:. 1867. p. 169.
1559:. 1867. p. 204.
1288:. 1867. p. 203.
974:. Brigadier General
972:12th Kansas Infantry
936:Leavenworth Bulletin
891:and then march into
722:Army of the Frontier
630:1st Arkansas Cavalry
500:Army of the Frontier
490:, who commanded the
484:Keitsville, Missouri
398:Mexican-American War
2799:Fort Smith, New Era
2759:Fort Smith, New Era
2675:The Daily Gate City
2610:www.couchgenweb.com
2055:The Preacher's Tale
1741:. pp. 48, 54.
676:Cassville, Missouri
428:Battle of Pea Ridge
347:that served in the
340:(1863–1865) was an
3530:Dyer, Frederick H.
3392:Fort Smith New Era
3378:. pp. 15, 36.
2821:. First Infantry.
2658:Fort Smith New Era
2318:. pp. 73–74.
2282:. pp. 69–70.
2216:. pp. 61–63.
2093:. pp. 52–53.
2061:. pp. 46–47.
1125:Dyer, Frederick H.
1032:Edward R. S. Canby
885:Red River Campaign
804:Fort Smith New Era
796:Fort Smith New Era
756:Return to Arkansas
714:
545:
472:
353:American Civil War
155:American Civil War
3515:. pp. 3, 17.
3513:National Archives
3489:National Archives
3376:National Archives
3349:National Archives
3327:. pp. 83–84.
3325:National Archives
3298:National Archives
3249:National Archives
3063:National Archives
3039:National Archives
2823:National Archives
2700:National Archives
2672:"From Arkansas".
2541:National Archives
2517:National Archives
2425:National Archives
2401:National Archives
2357:Civil War History
2308:A Preacher's Tale
2272:A Preacher's Tale
2239:A Preacher's Tale
2206:A Preacher's Tale
2191:National Archives
2169:. pp. 55–56.
2163:A Preacher's Tale
2134:A Preacher's Tale
2087:A Preacher's Tale
2040:National Archives
2016:National Archives
1923:978-1-878882-10-3
1662:National Archives
1638:National Archives
1415:A Preacher's Tale
1402:. pp. 92–93.
1341:. pp. 94–95.
897:Camden Expedition
879:Camden Expedition
841:Winter At Waldron
720:, commanding the
543:state government.
534:Elhanan J. Searle
468:Brigadier General
334:
333:
330:
329:
294:
293:
261:Elhanan J. Searle
194:Camden Expedition
16:(Redirected from
3611:
3517:
3516:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3475:
3469:
3468:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3427:
3421:
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3397:
3396:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3362:
3353:
3352:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3300:. pp. 8–11.
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3172:(3rd ed.).
3165:
3159:
3158:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3126:(3rd ed.).
3119:
3113:
3112:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3080:(3rd ed.).
3073:
3067:
3066:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3025:
3016:
3015:
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2981:
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2783:
2777:ehistory.osu.edu
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2261:
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2234:
2228:
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2201:
2195:
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2177:
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2158:
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2151:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1957:
1956:
1941:(2nd ed.).
1934:
1928:
1927:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1890:ehistory.osu.edu
1882:
1876:
1875:
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1855:
1853:
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1845:ehistory.osu.edu
1837:
1831:
1830:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1795:(2nd ed.).
1788:
1782:
1781:
1766:(2nd ed.).
1759:
1753:
1752:
1737:(2nd ed.).
1730:
1724:
1723:
1708:(2nd ed.).
1701:
1695:
1694:
1679:(2nd ed.).
1672:
1666:
1665:
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1642:
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1624:
1618:
1617:
1602:(2nd ed.).
1595:
1586:
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1567:
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1387:
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1204:
1198:
1197:
1195:
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1179:
1173:
1167:
1155:
1138:
1137:
1118:
1117:
1087:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1046:Ulysses S. Grant
1005:following their
734:Indian Territory
518:James M. Johnson
386:Indian Territory
365:Confederate Army
308:
307:
299:
286:
271:
256:
246:James M. Johnson
241:
205:Battle of Moscow
118:Garrison, Escort
87:
72:
41:
29:
21:
3619:
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3461:Washington D.C.
3453:
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3437:Washington D.C.
3429:
3428:
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3413:Washington D.C.
3405:
3404:
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3150:
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3130:. p. 104.
3121:
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3008:Washington D.C.
3000:
2999:
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2941:
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2863:
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2858:
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2838:
2837:
2830:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2797:"The Weather".
2796:
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2076:
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2047:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1960:
1953:
1936:
1935:
1931:
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1909:
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1904:
1894:
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1407:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1376:. June 9, 2010.
1368:
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1111:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1028:
998:
901:Fredrick Steele
881:
843:
825:
808:Crawford County
758:
697:
671:
625:
620:
587:
562:
536:
520:
457:
377:
297:
146:"Mountain feds"
60:August 10, 1865
44:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3617:
3615:
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3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
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3566:
3559:
3558:External links
3556:
3555:
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3398:
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3183:978-1461021902
3182:
3160:
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3137:978-1461021902
3136:
3114:
3097:
3091:978-1461021902
3090:
3084:. p. 51.
3068:
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2647:
2622:
2597:
2581:
2546:
2522:
2519:. p. 118.
2498:
2473:
2448:
2430:
2427:. p. 117.
2406:
2403:. p. 116.
2382:
2363:(3): 321–323.
2343:
2331:
2325:978-1557287038
2324:
2295:
2289:978-1557287038
2288:
2262:
2256:978-1557287038
2255:
2249:. p. 68.
2229:
2223:978-1557287038
2222:
2196:
2172:
2153:
2147:978-1557287038
2146:
2140:. p. 54.
2124:
2106:
2100:978-1557287038
2099:
2074:
2067:
2045:
2021:
2018:. p. 101.
1997:
1980:
1958:
1951:
1945:. p. 79.
1929:
1922:
1902:
1877:
1857:
1832:
1812:
1805:
1799:. p. 69.
1783:
1776:
1754:
1747:
1725:
1718:
1712:. p. 57.
1696:
1689:
1683:. p. 47.
1667:
1643:
1619:
1612:
1606:. p. 42.
1587:
1562:
1531:
1515:
1496:
1480:
1455:
1438:
1432:978-1557287038
1431:
1425:. p. 55.
1405:
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1019:Sterling Price
997:
994:
960:pontoon bridge
880:
877:
842:
839:
824:
821:
783:Mount Magazine
757:
754:
730:Choctaw Nation
696:
693:
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624:
621:
619:
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524:Madison County
519:
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504:Elkhorn Tavern
456:
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417:General Curtis
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3491:. p. 38.
3490:
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3393:
3389:"Important".
3385:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3367:
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3359:
3355:
3351:. p. 18.
3350:
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3041:. p. 12.
3040:
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2702:. p. 18.
2701:
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2543:. p. 16.
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2042:. p. 23.
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2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1998:
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1992:
1984:
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1973:
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1967:
1965:
1963:
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1954:
1952:9780999396261
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1512:. p. 30.
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164:Skirmish at
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2615:October 17,
2461:www.nps.gov
1850:October 17,
1580:October 17,
1468:www.nps.gov
1015:Fort Gibson
1003:James Fagan
976:Samuel Rice
948:Little Rock
909:John Thayer
873:bushwackers
862:Arkadelphia
847:John McNeil
829:Little Rock
746:Scullyville
726:Fort Gibson
718:James Blunt
571:Yell county
567:Arkadelphia
379:During the
359:joined the
355:. Although
351:during the
170:Capture of
151:Engagements
143:Nickname(s)
133:Garrison/HQ
3578:Categories
2606:"crawford"
1245:: 181–182.
1109:References
1062:Attachment
889:Shreveport
869:guerrillas
742:Fort Smith
705:Fort Smith
591:Washington
560:Recruiting
476:Huntsville
426:After the
390:Fort Smith
381:antebellum
375:Background
369:Union Army
349:Union Army
232:Commanders
172:Fort Smith
137:Fort Smith
80:Allegiance
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855:Mount Ida
800:Van Buren
639:St. Louis
585:Mustering
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189:Mount Ida
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2782:July 14,
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2466:July 13,
1895:June 12,
1473:June 28,
1449:Citizens
1127:(1908).
1071:See also
834:Congress
709:garrison
607:Crawford
394:soldiers
357:Arkansas
345:regiment
342:infantry
311:Previous
257:Lt. Col.
127:Regiment
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