459:
552:
soldiers, members of the
Citizen Military Force forming the second and senior cadets forming the third. As a result of this, the 21st Infantry Regiment was re-designated as the 1st Infantry Regiment. A further review of defence requirements was carried out in 1920, after which it was determined that the Militia should be further reorganised to perpetuate the battle honours and designations of the AIF. On 1 April 1921 the AIF was officially disbanded and a month later the new organisation of the Militia was adopted. As a part of this reorganisation, the Citizen Force battalion of each regiment was separated and adopted the numerical designation of the AIF battalion with which it was associated, as well as its unit colour patch and battle honours.
556:
621:. In any case over 207,000 militiamen transferred from the Militia to the AIF throughout the course of the war. As a result of this, and the serious manpower shortages experienced by the Australian economy from October 1942 onwards eight Militia battalions were disbanded while another eleven more were broken up and their personnel distributed to other units. The 1st/45th Battalion was one of the battalions that were disbanded, doing so in 1944 having not deployed overseas. Prior to this, though, the battalion was reorganised in August 1942 with its machine gun company being transferred to form the
44:
358:
coastal defences and guard vital installations, large numbers of militiamen did enlist and were largely allocated to AIF units based upon locality. As a result, many of the AIF units became associated with the
Militia units from where they were located and to some extent there was an attempt to maintain the identity of these units within the AIF. Up to 100 men from the pre-war 1st Infantry Regiment are believed to have served in various AIF units during the war, including the 1st Battalion. Some prominent members include
389:
408:, coming ashore with the second and third waves on 25 April 1915. Following the initial battle for the heights overlooking the beachhead in which the battalion took part in the attack on the hill known as Baby 700, the Turks regained control of the heights and the battalion was forced to withdraw to Russel Top and then later to the southern flank near Gaba Tebe. On 27 April, the battalion carried out a desperate bayonet charge for which one of the battalion's officers,
584:, later adopting the title of the 1st/19th Battalion (City of Sydney's Own Regiment). The two battalions remained linked until 1939 when due to the prospects of war a number of Militia battalions were delinked in preparation for an expansion of the Army. For a brief period after this the battalion was known as the 1st Battalion (City of Sydney Regiment), however, this was short lived as it was soon amalgamated once more, this time with the
308:. Following that the unit went through a number of changes in composition and designation as the various colonial defence forces were reorganised during the mid to late 19th Century. By 1860 the unit had become known as the "Sydney Battalion", but in 1878 following the decision to introduce a system of partial payment for volunteer soldiers, the unit was absorbed into the 1st Regiment of New South Wales Volunteer Infantry.
605:(2nd AIF) to roughly one quarter. While the units of the 2nd AIF were sent overseas to England, North Africa and the Middle East, the militia remained in Australia to carry out various garrison duties and training to improve the nation's overall readiness. Following Japan's entry into the war in December 1941 this changed and over the course of 1942–45 many Militia units were mobilised and deployed to fight in
435:. It was during this battle that the battalion took part in arguably its most notable engagement of the campaign. The attack began early on 6 August and after only an hour, the Australians had captured the Turkish positions at Lone Pine. The Turks counterattacked almost immediately and for the course of the next three days the fighting continued, during which time two members of the battalion, Alfred Shout and
184:
600:
once again the government made the decision to form an overseas expeditionary force outside of the pre-existing
Militia units. To maintain the ability of the Army to defend Australia should Japan enter the war, it was decided once again to limit the number of militiamen that were allowed to enlist in
633:
concept, this unit was once more reduced to company size, forming No. 1 Commando
Company (The City of Sydney Company), 1st Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment. In 1965, when the Pentropic establishment was discontinued this company was once again raised to a full battalion sized unit, forming
628:
After World War II the
Citizens Military Force was reformed in 1948, although the 1st Battalion was not re-raised at that time. In 1957, it was decided to expand the 1st Commando Company as a full battalion named the 1st Infantry Battalion (Commando), City of Sydney's Own Regiment. When the CMF was
357:
overseas to fight, but was also in part due to the need to maintain a military presence in
Australia in case of emergency or attack while the 1st AIF was deployed overseas. Although initially there were limits placed upon the numbers of militiamen that could enlist as there was a requirement to man
563:
As a result of this the 5th
Battalion, 1st Infantry Regiment was redesignated the 1st Battalion and was attached to the 9th Brigade, 2nd Division. In 1927, territorial titles were introduced and the battalion officially adopted the designation of 1st Battalion (East Sydney Regiment), which it had
299:
Although the 1st
Battalion was not technically established until 1914, the unit takes its lineage from units that were raised in Sydney sixty years before then. Indeed, the 1st Battalion was the oldest infantry battalion from New South Wales and is a successor unit of the Sydney Volunteer Rifles
277:
1st
Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment. In 1965, the battalion was reformed as the non-Pentropically established "1st Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment (Commando)". It maintained the commando role until 1971 when it was amalgamated once again with the 19th Battalion to become the
551:
In 1918, the pre-war
Militia units were re-organised once more into multi-battalion regiments. It was decided that the reconstituted regiments would be numbered after AIF battalions and that each would comprise three to six battalions with the first battalion being formed from inactive ex-AIF
495:
for rest and retraining in anticipation of further operations. On 21 September all but one member of "D" Company refused to take part in an attack as a protest against the battalion being sent back into combat when it had been about to be relieved. The members of the company were subsequently
674:: Hazebrouck, Amiens, Albert 1918 (Chuignes), Hindenburg Line (twice), Epehy, France and Flanders 1916–1918, ANZAC, Landing at ANZAC, Suvla, Sari Bair–Lone Pine, Somme 1916, Somme 1918, Pozieres, Bullecourt, Ypres 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Broodseinde, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Lys.
214:, the 1st Battalion can trace its lineage back to 1854, when a unit of the Volunteer Rifles was raised in Sydney. This unit has since been redesignated a number of times, but through its links with the units of the colonial NSW defence force, the battalion's history includes services in
575:
was abolished and in its place a new system was introduced whereby the Citizens Forces would be maintained on a part-time, voluntary basis only. It was also renamed the "Militia" at this time. The decision to suspend compulsory training, coupled with the economic downturn of the
443:. The Allies evacuated Gallipoli in December 1915 and the 1st Battalion returned to Egypt. While in Egypt the AIF underwent a period of expansion and re-organisation, during which time a number of men from the 1st Battalion were transferred to the newly formed
642:, a unit which remains in existence today and perpetuates the honours of the 1st Battalion and its predecessor units as well as that of the 19th Battalion. The 1st Commando Company was subsequently re-raised as a separate unit and later subsumed into the
332:
was introduced in 1911. Due to the large increase in the size of the Army the existing regiments were reorganised and redesignated. As a result, the regiment was split into three units—the 21st, 24th and 26th Infantry.
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that was launched near Amiens on 8 August 1918 and ultimately brought an end to the war. The battalion remained in the line until late September 1918, when they were withdrawn from the front along with the rest of the
458:
323:
12 officers and 91 men from the regiment served in South Africa as part of the New South Wales contingent, for which they were later recognised with the battle honour of "South Africa 1899–1902". Following
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the battalion served as garrison force in Australia before being disbanded in 1944 due to manpower shortages. Following the war the 1st Battalion was not re-raised until 1957 when it was reformed as a
1946:
580:
meant that the manpower of many Militia units dropped considerably and as a result the decision was made to amalgamate a number of units. On 1 July 1930, the 1st Battalion was amalgamated with the
1941:
511:
Throughout the course of the war, the 1st Battalion suffered a total of 1,165 men killed and 2,363 wounded. Members of the battalion received the following decorations: three
639:
279:
447:. In early 1916, the AIF's infantry divisions were sent to France where over the course of the next two-and-a-half years they would take part in the fighting against the
261:
as the "1st Battalion (East Sydney Regiment)". Throughout the interwar years the unit's designation changed a couple of times and for a time it was amalgamated with the
500:" during the war and formed part of a general weakening in the force's discipline due to the stresses of prolonged combat. The battalion was out of the line when the
634:
the non-Pentropic 1st Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment (Commando). The battalion maintained the commando role until 1971 when it was amalgamated with the
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1931:
540:
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1936:
1253:. Official History of Australia in the War of 1914–1918, Volume XI. (7th ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial.
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300:
which were raised in 1854 in the then colony of New South Wales in response to concerns about possible threats posed by Russian naval forces in the
24:
273:
unit in Sydney as the "1st Infantry Battalion (Commando) (City of Sydney's Own Regiment)" before being reduced to a company-sized element in the
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began and slowly the battalion's numbers dwindled as its personnel were repatriated to Australia. They were finally disbanded in May 1919.
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Among the units raised by the AIF, the 1st Battalion was one of the first infantry units raised in New South Wales, being formed at
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349:(AIF) which would exist alongside the Militia units that already existed. This was largely because the provisions of the
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became the third member of the battalion to receive the Victoria Cross. In 1918, the 1st Battalion helped to stop the
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An Australian Chaplain delivering the sermon at the unveiling of memorial to the 1st Australian Battalion, Pozieres
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Morgan, Joseph (2019). "They Also Served: The 6th and 7th Machine Gun Battalions During World War II".
467:
431:. As part of this offensive, the 1st Division was called upon to launch a diversionary attack with the
311:
In 1885, the 1st Regiment provided a detachment of one officer and 75 men to serve in Sudan during the
222:. During the First World War, the 1st Battalion was raised for overseas service in 1914 as part of the
1274:(4 (December)). Garran, Australian Capital Territory: Military Historical Society of Australia: 5–12.
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Shaw, Peter (2010). "The Evolution of the Infantry State Regiment System in the Army Reserve".
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the 1st Battalion was among the first Australian troops to be deployed overseas, arriving in
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in Sydney in August 1914, within the first fortnight of the war. After a brief period of
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was declared on 11 November 1918. Following the end of hostilities, the process of
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After undertaking further training and serving in a static defence role around the
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Bad Characters: Sex, Crime, Mutiny and Murder and the Australian Imperial Force
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the regiment became the 1st Australian Infantry Regiment. A system of
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unofficially used since 1921. In 1929, following the election of the
239:
254:. Following the end of the war the battalion was disbanded in 1919.
496:
imprisoned for desertion; this was the AIF's largest incidence of "
345:
the decision was made to raise an expeditionary force known as the
554:
471:
457:
387:
382:
231:
1135:(3rd ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Cambridge University Press.
439:, performed acts of valour for which they were later awarded the
810:"The 1st/19th Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment Lineage"
703:"The 1st/19th Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment History"
1358:
427:
went on the offensive on the Gallipoli peninsula launching the
48:
5 members of 1st Battalion waiting to be relieved by troops of
1178:. Vol. 9. Melbourne University Press. pp. 582–583.
1227:
The Australian Army. A History of its Organisation 1901–2001
1360:
Infantry formations of the First Australian Imperial Force
474:, in Belgium, before returning to the Somme in winter. At
625:
along with several other Militia machine gun companies.
210:. Although its numerical name was designated during the
396:
recipients, at Quinn's Post, Gallipoli, on 7 June 1915.
1229:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
1339:
The History of the First Battalion, A.I.F., 1914–1919
1947:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1971
466:
The battalion's first major action in France was at
1907:
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Officers from the 1st/19th Battalion, November 1932
517:
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
257:In 1921, the battalion was reformed as part of the
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57:
37:
later 1st Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment
34:
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640:1st/19th Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment
280:1st/19th Battalion, Royal New South Wales Regiment
1942:Military units and formations established in 1914
1322:. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Press.
869:
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1157:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Publications.
863:
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234:initially before taking part in the fighting in
1320:Dinkum Diggers: An Australian Battalion at War
246:where it fought in the trenches in France and
1028:
1026:
486:in March and April before taking part in the
8:
470:in July 1916. Later the battalion fought at
1337:Stacy, B.; Kindon, F.; Chedgey, H. (1931).
1355:
1113:. Melbourne, Victoria: Allara Publishing.
956:
954:
929:(Supplement). 5 August 1915. p. 7668.
42:
1341:. Sydney, New South Wales: James J. Lee.
392:Alfred Shout, one of the 1st Battalion's
1210:Military Historical Society of Australia
909:(Supplement). 2 July 1915. p. 6541.
767:
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654:The 1st Battalion carried the following
25:1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
977:. Department of Defence. Archived from
683:
242:. Later the battalion was sent to the
31:
1172:"Keysor, Leonard Maurice (1885–1951)"
7:
972:"Brief History of the 2nd Division"
1176:Australian Dictionary of Biography
1111:The Lineage of the Australian Army
16:Australian Army infantry battalion
14:
1932:Australian World War I battalions
404:, the battalion took part in the
286:that remains in existence today.
1937:Infantry battalions of Australia
879:First World War, 1914–1918 units
734:from the original on 2 July 2009
603:Second Australian Imperial Force
182:
1913:1st Anzac Entrenching Battalion
1133:A Military History of Australia
543:and 57 Mentions in Despatches.
347:First Australian Imperial Force
224:First Australian Imperial Force
629:reorganised in 1960 along the
341:Following the outbreak of the
315:, for which they received the
1:
728:"RNSWR Battalions off Orbat"
533:Distinguished Conduct Medals
521:Distinguished Service Orders
939:McCarthy 1983, pp. 582–583.
21:2/1st Battalion (Australia)
1963:
1155:South West Pacific 1941–45
592:Second World War and later
573:compulsory training scheme
319:"Suakin 1885". During the
230:, the battalion served in
18:
1170:McCarthy, Dudley (1983).
1109:Festberg, Alfred (1972).
881:. Australian War Memorial
668:: South Africa 1899–1902.
623:6th Machine Gun Battalion
596:With the outbreak of the
541:Meritorious Service Medal
52:at Gallipoli, August 1915
41:
1250:Australia During the War
1225:Palazzo, Albert (2001).
1059:Grey 2008, pp. 178–184.
1050:Grey 2008, pp. 145–147.
812:. Department of Defence
730:. Digger History.info.
705:. Department of Defence
484:German spring offensive
418:Mentioned in Despatches
284:Australian Army Reserve
1836:Machine Gun Battalions
560:
488:Hundred Days Offensive
463:
397:
1032:Festberg 1972, p. 58.
1011:Palazzo 2001, p. 110.
775:. Digger History.info
644:1st Commando Regiment
558:
461:
406:Landing at Anzac Cove
391:
1318:Blair, Dale (2001).
948:Stanley 2010, p. 209
773:"Lineage of 1 RNSWR"
480:George Julian Howell
385:on 2 December 1914.
19:For other uses, see
984:on 11 November 2012
839:Scott 1941, p. 197.
433:Battle of Lone Pine
353:prohibited sending
1872:Pioneer Battalions
1863:5th Machine Gun Bn
1858:4th Machine Gun Bn
1853:3rd Machine Gun Bn
1848:2nd Machine Gun Bn
1843:1st Machine Gun Bn
1294:. Sydney: Pier 9.
1086:Morgan 2019, p. 5.
1077:Grey 2008, p. 184.
1068:Grey 2008, p. 183.
1041:Grey 2008, p. 146.
1020:Keogh 1965, p. 44.
1002:Grey 2008, p. 138.
960:Grey 2008, p. 125.
926:The London Gazette
906:The London Gazette
631:Pentropic division
561:
464:
398:
330:universal training
226:. Attached to the
35:1st Battalion, AIF
1919:
1918:
1329:978-0-522-84944-8
1185:978-0-522-84273-9
1142:978-0-521-69791-0
1120:978-0-85887-024-6
1095:Shaw 2010, p. 11.
830:Grey 2008, p. 85.
531:with one Bar, 29
410:Alfred John Shout
190:
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178:Unit colour patch
124:(First World War)
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1288:Stanley, Peter
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1184:
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1151:Keogh, Eustace
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970:Tanner, Mark.
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682:
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656:battle honours
651:
650:Battle honours
648:
636:19th Battalion
593:
590:
586:45th Battalion
582:19th Battalion
548:
545:
506:demobilisation
498:combat refusal
445:53rd Battalion
441:Victoria Cross
437:Leonard Keysor
414:Military Cross
394:Victoria Cross
379:basic training
364:Sydney Herring
360:William Holmes
338:
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478:in May 1917,
477:
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453:Western Front
450:
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318:
317:battle honour
314:
309:
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303:
294:
289:
287:
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281:
276:
272:
268:
265:. During the
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
245:
244:Western Front
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
202:
198:
197:1st Battalion
192:Military unit
185:
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175:
170:
167:
164:
158:
153:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
127:
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119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:Line infantry
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
60:
56:
51:
50:7th Battalion
45:
40:
33:
30:
26:
22:
1743:5th Division
1649:4th Division
1555:3rd Division
1461:2nd Division
1379:
1367:1st Division
1338:
1319:
1291:
1271:
1267:
1249:
1226:
1205:
1201:
1189:. Retrieved
1175:
1154:
1132:
1110:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1046:
1037:
1016:
1007:
998:
986:. Retrieved
979:the original
965:
944:
935:
924:
915:
904:
895:
883:. Retrieved
878:
835:
826:
814:. Retrieved
777:. Retrieved
736:. Retrieved
707:. Retrieved
671:
665:
662:Suakin 1885.
653:
627:
615:Bougainville
595:
562:
550:
510:
465:
422:
399:
372:
350:
340:
310:
298:
256:
238:against the
220:South Africa
196:
194:
122:1st Division
114:Part of
29:
1908:Other units
921:"No. 29251"
901:"No. 29215"
611:New Britain
412:received a
368:James Heane
313:Mahdist War
306:Crimean War
304:during the
228:1st Brigade
166:James Heane
141:Mahdist War
137:Engagements
118:1st Brigade
1926:Categories
1268:Sabretache
1202:Sabretache
1102:References
638:to become
607:New Guinea
476:Bullecourt
402:Suez Canal
355:conscripts
326:Federation
162:commanders
155:Commanders
109:~1,000 men
1280:0048-8933
1259:220898894
1218:0048-8933
523:with one
502:Armistice
275:Pentropic
236:Gallipoli
204:battalion
73:Australia
65:1957–1971
63:1921–1930
61:1914–1919
1805:15th Bde
1778:14th Bde
1711:13th Bde
1684:12th Bde
1617:11th Bde
1590:10th Bde
1347:36644006
1290:(2010).
1247:(1941).
1212:: 4–10.
1153:(1965).
1131:(2008).
732:Archived
666:Boer War
519:, seven
468:Pozières
416:and was
375:Randwick
271:commando
201:infantry
172:Insignia
92:Infantry
1825:60th Bn
1820:59th Bn
1815:58th Bn
1810:57th Bn
1798:56th Bn
1793:55th Bn
1788:54th Bn
1783:53rd Bn
1771:32nd Bn
1766:31st Bn
1761:30th Bn
1756:29th Bn
1751:8th Bde
1731:52nd Bn
1726:51st Bn
1721:50th Bn
1716:49th Bn
1704:48th Bn
1699:47th Bn
1694:46th Bn
1689:45th Bn
1677:16th Bn
1672:15th Bn
1667:14th Bn
1662:13th Bn
1657:4th Bde
1637:44th Bn
1632:43rd Bn
1627:42nd Bn
1622:41st Bn
1610:40th Bn
1605:39th Bn
1600:38th Bn
1595:37th Bn
1583:36th Bn
1578:35th Bn
1573:34th Bn
1568:33rd Bn
1563:9th Bde
1543:28th Bn
1538:27th Bn
1533:26th Bn
1528:25th Bn
1523:7th Bde
1516:24th Bn
1511:23rd Bn
1506:22nd Bn
1501:21st Bn
1496:6th Bde
1489:20th Bn
1484:19th Bn
1479:18th Bn
1474:17th Bn
1469:5th Bde
1449:12th Bn
1444:11th Bn
1439:10th Bn
1429:3rd Bde
1402:2nd Bde
1375:1st Bde
1191:22 July
1163:7185705
988:22 July
885:22 July
816:22 July
779:22 July
738:22 July
709:22 July
566:Scullin
539:, nine
451:on the
449:Germans
302:Pacific
295:Lineage
290:History
259:Militia
248:Belgium
206:of the
199:was an
160:Notable
129:Colours
70:Country
1434:9th Bn
1422:8th Bn
1417:7th Bn
1412:6th Bn
1407:5th Bn
1395:4th Bn
1390:3rd Bn
1385:2nd Bn
1380:1st Bn
1345:
1326:
1298:
1278:
1257:
1233:
1216:
1182:
1161:
1139:
1117:
619:Borneo
535:, 131
515:, two
425:Allies
78:Branch
58:Active
1208:(1).
982:(PDF)
975:(PDF)
679:Notes
569:Labor
527:, 40
472:Ypres
383:Egypt
240:Turks
232:Egypt
216:Sudan
1343:OCLC
1324:ISBN
1296:ISBN
1276:ISSN
1255:OCLC
1231:ISBN
1214:ISSN
1193:2009
1180:ISBN
1159:OCLC
1137:ISBN
1115:ISBN
990:2009
887:2009
818:2009
781:2009
740:2009
711:2009
617:and
601:the
366:and
218:and
195:The
106:Size
98:Role
88:Type
23:and
525:Bar
1928::
1272:LI
1270:.
1206:LX
1204:.
1174:.
1025:^
953:^
923:.
903:.
877:.
844:^
789:^
748:^
719:^
686:^
658::
646:.
613:,
609:,
588:.
455:.
420:.
370:.
362:,
120:,
1349:.
1332:.
1304:.
1282:.
1261:.
1239:.
1220:.
1195:.
1165:.
1145:.
1123:.
992:.
889:.
820:.
783:.
742:.
713:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
