1st Hampshire Engineers

1001: 34: 997:. XIII CTRE under its Commander, RE, (CRE) Lt-Col R.F. Hawker, was reinforced by two tipper platoons, two GT platoons and a composite platoon transporting rafts and assault boats, with three and a half Pioneer companies doing the loading and unloading. Two sets of Bailey equipment were delivered each day to 576 Fd Park Co, which kept two equipment dumps open, leapfrogging forward as the advance proceeded. The New Zealanders crossed the Sillaro on 14 April, and by dawn on 16 April three low-level Bailey bridges across it were completed. Between 16 and 20 April a number of canals were crossed, then on the night of 20/21st the New Zealanders made an assault crossing of the Idice. The following day XIII CTRE put over a 110 feet (34 m) high-level Bailey bridge, and the Po was reached on 23 April. 962:. This involved steep diversions that caused great difficulties for British transport. On the evening of 4 October, 56 Fd Co was summoned from work on Highway 67 to eliminate one of these diversions by building a 480 feet (150 m) Bailey bridge over a demolished six-arch brick bridge at San Andrea. The company was given about 500 British and Italian Pioneers to assist. The accessible piers were rebuilt, those that were inaccessible were reached by cantilevering Bailey sections across to them. The tallest inaccessible pier had the top 20 feet (6.1 m) blown off by using 387: 947: 874: 819: 300: 862:. A camouflaged track (also codenamed 'London') was prepared to bring the bridging material close to the river by night. The bridging operation began after the Indian troops had seized their bridgehead, and went on under cover of a smokescreen, while 8th Indian Division cleared San Angelo. 'London' was completed by 577 Fd Co at 10.30 on 14 May, and two additional Class 40 bridges into 8th Indian Division's bridgehead ('Edenbridge' and 'Tonbridge') were completed by 56 Fd Co at 17.00 and 22.00 respectively. 524:

operations were rare on the Macedonian front, but work to improve defences and roads was continuous, and the 28th Division in the Struma Valley suffered badly from malaria. The largest operation in the Struma Valley was the capture by 28th Division of Karajakoi Bala, Karajakoi Zir and Yenikoi in October 1916. Defences of these villages then had to be consolidated. The outpost line consisted of a chain of these villages, trenched and wired, and garrisoned by infantry, machine gun teams and RE detachments.

407:(TEE), which took over several of the coast defence searchlight stations around Portsmouth. Two other companies of the TEE moved into Haslar Barracks in Gosport and later took over from No 4 Co RE the running of the electric light training school. As the war progressed, the requirement for anti-aircraft searchlights (AA/SLs), as well as coast defence lights became vital, and the school at Haslar trained a large number of AA detachments for Home Defence and for service on the 58: 75: 452:

of these 2nd Line units would be the same as the original, but distinguished by a '2/' prefix. In this way duplicate companies were created, as well as additional 1st Line companies from the volunteers pouring into the recruiting stations. Despite the initial manpower shortages of the Hampshire (Fortress) RE, these are known to have been numbered as high as 1/8th Hampshire EL Company.

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bridging a 1,100 feet (340 m) gap and all available Bailey material and transport had to be collected from other formations. 2nd New Zealand Division began its assault crossing on the night of 24/25 April, and the convoy of bridging equipment began to move forward at dawn, arriving on site at 17.00. The first lorries crossed by a light

993:. 56 and 578 Field Companies were left behind to deal with the stocks of engineer equipment left in the mountains: they used it to build four Bailey bridges to repair the routes to bring stores down into the plain. They then rejoined XIII CTRE on 16 April. The whole weight of the corps' engineers was thrown into supporting the advance of 1013:(FBE) bridge erected by the New Zealand RE, heavier equipment going over by the New Zealanders' Class 40 ferry. This meant that both ends of the pontoon bridge could be started together and despite communication problems it was completed by 17.00 on 27 April. Two hours later it was damaged by an underwater explosion – whether by a 1037:, which presented greater difficulties than the wide Po. Material arrived on site at 08.00 on 29 April and the 370 feet (110 m) bridge was completed by 22.00 on the same day, although work on the approaches prevented it being opened to traffic until next morning. XIII Corps now pursued the defeated Germans across the 471:

1/2nd Hampshire Fortress Company RE (TF) disembarked at Le Havre on 21 January 1915, joining First Army and billeting at Heuringhem near St Omer. It would later be re-named 560th (Hants) Army Troops Company, serving in and around the Loos Salient until late 1918, when it became part of Fifth Army. It

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got it open in 13 days, after which XIII CTRE followed up and converted it into a two-way Class 40 road in 19 days. The most difficult sections were two demolitions of 260 feet (79 m) and 230 feet (70 m) respectively, which were widened, blasting away the rock face on one side and building

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issued instructions to separate those men who had signed up for Home Service only, and form these into reserve units. On 31 August, the formation of a reserve or 2nd Line unit was authorised for each 1st Line unit where 60 per cent or more of the men had volunteered for Overseas Service. The titles

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fighting in North West Europe was suffering a severe manpower shortage, particularly among the infantry. In January 1945 the War Office began to reorganise surplus anti-aircraft and coastal artillery regiments in the UK into infantry battalions, primarily for line of communication and occupation

1078:. In June, a partial mobilisation of TA units was begun in a process known as 'couverture', whereby each AA unit did a month's tour of duty in rotation to man selected AA and searchlight positions. On 24 August, ahead of the declaration of war, AA Command was fully mobilised at its war stations. 1008:

Bridging the wide Po was a major operation, but XIII Corps had made such good progress that it was allotted material for its own pontoon Bailey bridge in a rushed operation. The site selected from aerial photographs was found to be unsuitable due to Allied bomb craters, and the alternative meant

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beginning on 18 September 1918, which failed to break through the Bulgarian lines. However, the Bulgarians had been defeated elsewhere, and some days later the British realised that the entrenchments in front of them were empty. 28th Division then took part in the pursuit to the Strumica Valley

239:. The first officers' commissions for the unit were issued on 25 January 1862. As a small, single company corps, it was attached for convenience to the 2nd Hampshire Rifle Volunteer Corps (RVC) in 1863, and both came under the 4th Administrative Battalion of Hampshire Rifle Volunteers in 1865. 657:

The remainder of the Hampshire Fortress RE continued as a single Electric Light and Works company in the Portsmouth Coast Defences. In 1938, it was joined by 206th (Hampshire) Field Company from 43rd (Wessex) Divisional Engineers, which became No 2 (206th) (Electric Light and Works) Company.

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Among the first tasks the newly arrived division had to carry out was construction of fieldworks across rough country, in winter, against the possibility of immediate Bulgarian attack: 'In the face of rain, snow, and the biting wind the infantry and engineers stuck to their task'. Offensive

1074:, with units manning their emergency positions within 24 hours, even though many did not yet have their full complement of men or equipment. The emergency lasted three weeks, and they were stood down on 13 October. In February 1939, the existing AA defences came under the control of a new 434:

hovered over the harbour in the searchlight beams, without actually dropping any bombs. Shortly after this raid the Hampshire (Fortress) RE took over all the AA searchlights in Portsmouth Garrison, forming No 48 AA Company. In May 1918, the Portsmouth AA defences were included in the

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on 30 October. 28th Division was sent to occupy the Dardanelles Forts. 506th (Hampshire) Field Company was still in Turkey in April 1919, but after that the TF units were progressively replaced by Regular and Indian Army units and the Territorials were demobilised and returned home.

922:'twisted and turned for six miles through a narrow cleft in the mountains, rising gently to San Godingo, whence it climbed nearly 3,000 feet in five miles to the Muraglione Pass'. The estimated time for re-opening this section was a month, but the sappers and gunners of 897:

where no peacetime road existed. During the nights of 25–27 August the divisional engineers constructed improvised crossings under fire, after which XIII CTRE completed a low-level Bailey bridge by the morning of 28 August. The advance then continued to the

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in Palestine; it remained with the unit for the rest of the war. The troops advanced steadily, supported by the engineers building numerous bridges and repairing damaged supply routes through rugged country, and the island was in Allied hands by 17 August.

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In 1870, the unit was attached to the 2nd Tower Hamlets EVC in London rather than the local rifle units. Under the mobilisation scheme in force in 1880, the 1st Hants EVC formed part of the Garrison Army, assigned to defence of the important naval base of

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1/1st Hampshire Fortress Company RE (TF) deployed to France on 25 February 1916, serving on the Somme later in the year. When TA companies of the RE were numbered in February 1917 it became 559th (Hants) Army Troops Company. It was serving with

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In the early months of the war the unit was engaged in installing and testing anti-shipping and anti-aircraft searchlights, generating gear and general defensive works. Its average strength at this time was 27 officers and 440–460 other ranks.

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was never ascertained – but was quickly repaired by dismantling and incorporating one of the New Zealanders' ferries. This was completed by 02.00 on 28 April - the longest floating Bailey bridge built in the longest Italian campaign.

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By November 1915, the Hampshire unit's strength had grown to 39 officers and 604 other ranks, and it took back responsibility for the three sea forts, and then, in May 1916, it took over from the TEE two new searchlight stations,

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in headlong retreat the engineers had to destroy or salvage all the water supply, port and railway equipment to deny them to the enemy. From 27 June all the corps' engineers were engaged in preparing a new defensive position at

943:, and 70 Italian wood-cutters. Wood cut by the gunners and the Italians was turned into 'cribs' and 'dogs' by 576 Corps Field Park Co, which were then filled with rock quarried at Dicomano and rubble from ruined buildings. 1045:, which was reached on 29 April. The bridge had been wrecked by Allied bombers months before, but XIII CTRE arrived on 1 May with equipment to build a floating Bailey bridge. The German forces in Italy surrendered (the 539:

came into effect on 30 September, British forces, including 28th Division, advanced across the country towards Turkey. With no troops to defend Constantinople from this direction, the Ottoman Empire also signed an

810:(Operation Husky), sailing from Egypt and landing in the south east of the island on 10 July 1943. For this operation XIII CTRE was joined by 56th Field Company, a Regular RE unit that had been serving with 279:

was attached to it for administrative purposes in 1892–95. The new corps rented and renovated the old drill hall of the 3rd Hampshire RVC, laid a parade ground, and practised digging field fortifications on

2285:, "History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series: Victory in the West", Vol II: "The Defeat of Germany", London: HM Stationery Office, 1968/Uckfield: Naval & Military, 2004, 1636: 2230:

History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: The 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home-Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions,

2647: 1029:: bridging and supply were now the factors limiting the speed of advance. Engineer equipment was short but top priority was given to XIII Corps (the corps' chief engineer had a section of 973:

Maintaining routes such as 'Ace' during the winter months was a huge task, and XIII CTRE and 78th Division's RE had to be reinforced by US engineers when one section collapsed into mud.

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on the night of 11 May 1944. The subsequent advance was dependent upon bridges being quickly established across this river, and 577 Field Co was made responsible for building a Class 40

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The 1st Hampshire Royal Engineers (Volunteers) (as the unit was officially titled from 1896) sent a detachment of one officer and 25 other ranks to assist the regular REs during the

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following an invasion scare in 1859 saw the creation of many local Rifle, Artillery and Engineer Volunteer units composed of part-time soldiers eager to supplement the Regular

2652: 790:. After the battle, XIII Corps was given the job of securing prisoners and clearing the battlefield, where the engineers had 'the unenviable task of sorting out the maze of 33: 954:

Once through the Gothic Line, XIII Corps took over part of the front from US forces, whose engineers had opened a track ('Ace') from San Pietro on Highway 65, over the

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in 1914, which became 206th (Hampshire) Fd Co in the reformed TA). However, by 1927, No 5 Company had disappeared and the unit had the following organisation:

275:) volunteering for a unit with an official establishment of two companies totaling 100. The new unit included a cadet company at Weymouth until 1902, and the 2215:

History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2a: The Territorial Force Mounted Divisions and the 1st-Line Territorial Force Divisions (42–56)

717:. The Corps sailed for the Middle East in November 1941 and was established in Iraq by 1 February 1942. 579th Company was left in the UK and transferred to 651: 643: 2168: 1643: 508:

The 1/7th Hampshire Field Company, (numbered 506th (Hampshire) Field Company in February 1917), embarked for France on 19 October 1915 and joined the

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On the outbreak of war, the Hampshire (Fortress) RE had a serious deficiency of personnel. On 5 August, it was supplemented by No 4 Company of the

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up the other side on cribbing. The Corps engineers were assisted by 10th Mechanical Equipment Platoon, RE, a detachment of 1st Drilling Company,

2129: 2315: 1502: 923: 2366: 2192: 702: 698: 1160:, when 577, 578 and 581 Squadrons became field squadrons, 576 Corps Field Park Squadron became independent, and 127 Squadron was disbanded. 1033:

to escort his equipment through the traffic jams). This enabled XIII CTRE to throw a pontoon Bailey bridge across the fast-flowing Adige at

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anti-tank guns. The whole procedure was delayed by heavy rain and some shelling, but the company completed the job by midday on 15 October.

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was suffering from such shortages of pilots, aircraft and fuel that serious aerial attacks on the UK could be discounted. At the same time

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The Hampshire (Fortress) RE also formed a number of 'Army Troops' and 'Works' companies for service with the armies at home and overseas:

2556: 2064: 1281: 762:'s expected offensive. The attack came on 26 May and by 14 June XIII Corps' infantry divisions had been forced out of the Gazala Line. 2143: 1149: 718: 512:

on 25 October as the division was embarking at Marseilles. The division arrived in Egypt by 22 November, and then re-embarked for the

2571: 2530: 2515: 2501: 2486: 2437: 2422: 2403: 2384: 2350: 2331: 2308: 2290: 2267: 2252: 2237: 2222: 2207: 2011: 554: 212: 78: 284:. Non-Commissioned Officers from the corps took special courses on fortress engineering at the Royal Engineers' depot at Chatham. 2622: 1372: 208: 162: 2585: 986: 509: 910:

The autumn's fighting involved a huge amount of bridgebuilding and road improvement in rough terrain. Along Highway 67 from

319:, forming part of Southern Coast Defences. By the outbreak of war in August 1914, the unit had the following organisation: 2617: 1164: 787: 358:

Barracks in Gosport, the unit was responsible for the coastal defence searchlights in the Portsmouth area, including the

866:, which had been waiting for 'London' to open, crossed the river on 14 May to join in the attack the following day. The 767: 722: 527:

28th Division took part in two further offensive operations in May and October 1917. Eventually, it participated in the

893:, where the Germans had destroyed the historic bridges. By late August 8 Indian Division had the task of crossing the 811: 783: 747: 574: 461: 408: 188: 152: 114: 1411: 877:

Bailey bridge constructed over the Arno in Florence by 577 Fd Co on 15 August 1944, using the piers of the original

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in the UK from March 1918. Later in 1918 it was scheduled to join the BEF for aerodrome construction but never went.

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Shortly after the outbreak of war, TF units were invited to volunteer for Overseas Service. On 15 August 1914, the

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Rommel was successfully held at Alamein and on 23/24 October Eighth Army went over to the offensive under General

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Work of the Royal Engineers in the European War 1914–1918: The Organisation and Expansion of the Corps 1914–1918

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575th (Hampshire) Works Company was sent to the BEF on 28 July 1918 to work on aerodrome construction for the

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duties, thereby releasing trained infantry for frontline service. In January 1945, 48th S/L Regiment became

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was first formed in 1862 and then reformed in 1891 with special responsibility for the port defences of the

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and stalemate set it. The following Spring, XIII Corps participated in the fourth Battle of Monte Cassino (

818: 557:(TA) with at least five companies. Once again it was assigned to defence of the South Coast of England, in 1010: 967: 795: 558: 465: 180: 147: 259:. However, the 1st Hants EVC was disbanded in 1881 and the volunteers absorbed by the 2nd Hampshire RVC. 2537: 2444: 1075: 1030: 963: 830:. This was almost unopposed, but there was considerable work for the engineers in repairing the port of 371: 822:

RE sappers complete a Bailey bridge to replace one blown by retreating Germans, Italy, September 1943.

1172: 1046: 794:, lifting some and marking others'. XIII Corps was mainly left in the rear areas for the rest of the 569:

was converted into a headquarters for No 5 (EL) Company and part of '3rd (Hampshire) Field Company' (

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Another Hampshire Army Troops Company became 563rd (Hampshire) Works Company. It was attached to the

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Sign on the drill hall of the 1st Hampshire Royal Engineers Volunteers, Hampshire Terrace, Portsmouth

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History of the Royal Regiment of Artillery: The Years of Defeat: Europe and North Africa, 1939–1941

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in December 1941. On arrival in Iraq, IV CTRE was detached from Corps HQ and sent to Egypt to join

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