1st Massachusetts Infantry Regiment

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a tributary of the Occoquan River. Its banks were covered with a dense undergrowth of bushes and thickets. Either side of Bull Run was peculiarly well adapted to defensive warfare, with a gentle slope downs to the water, which had carved a deep chasm thus forming a barrier to cavalry and artillery. The men of the regiment noted that the road to the ford ran apparently through a farm or plantation, with a house, barn, outbuildings, and orchard on the left, and a large wheat-field on the right. Around 11:00 a.m., the men saw rebel pickets in thick woods along Bull Run, who withdrew as the brigade approached. The 1st was wearing their gray Massachusetts militia uniforms (the typical color for many state militia units). This caused considerable confusion for both Confederate and Union units that encountered the regiment later that day and might have confused the pickets.

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fortifications. This system, as projected, was to be connected by unbroken lines of rifle-pits, covered ways, and breastworks to shield infantry. The forts were all located on the highest hills surrounding the city of Alexandria and the District of Columbia, and were constructed of earth, timber, and some masonry, in the most thorough and careful manner. These strategic buttresses transformed the young capital into one of the world's most fortified cities. To man these defenses, the U.S. Army amassed an army of troops as big as any of its field armies. These forts were arranged to command all approaches too the seat of government and were designed to mutually support their neighboring fortifications. As well as the forts, designed to house soldiers and store artillery and other supplies, the system included prepared but unarmed

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at Blackburn's Ford to hold the crossing and to make demonstrations, or lightly engage, the forces on the other side of the ford to prevent them from reinforcing the rest of the Confederate line. The 1st Massachusetts, relatively sheltered in woods near the ford, waited for hours while the main action played out several miles to their northwest, upstream along Bull Run. In their position, mail and rations had been brought forward, and it seemed everything was going in the Union's favor. Various bodies of rebel troops could be seen gathering in the 1st's front and on the left. The men had strengthened their position with a parapet of earth and an abbatis extending several hundred feet to the right and left. Skirmishers in the woods soon fell back to the regiment reporting large numbers of rebels.

833:. Once across on the other shore, the roads were unwalled and unfenced passing through the center of plantations. The plantations themselves were divided from each other by fences, and large gates closed entirely across the road. At every plantation, a detail would have to hold these open for the column to pass through. The plantations varied greatly in size and state from well kept and profitable to desolate and forsaken. The fields were full of wheat, rye, oats, and corn, but the main crop was tobacco and huge drying barns appeared on nearly every plantation. Livestock was quite abundant, especially pigs. The local black population, two-thirds of whom were slaves, seemed to outnumber the white population. The regiment soon found the slaves to be a good source of intelligence. 791:

Bladensburg, Washington, or the neighborhood, without the regimental commander's written permission, and at night, travel also required challenges and passwords. The Washington and Baltimore Railroad, and the principal common roads, were continuously, strictly guarded. No one was allowed to travel on them without the required permissions. The regiment manned checkpoints inspecting people and their belongings before letting them proceed. They supplemented issued supplies and rations through trade with locals on the highway and traded regularly for fresh fruits, vegetables, and poultry with slaves from neighboring farms and plantations on Sundays, their only free time allowed. The men of the regiment appreciated their warmth in contrast to some of the local white residents.

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localities" of the hidden war materials. These people provided critical intelligence on roads, the names and character of residents in the county, and the recruiting efforts prior to the regiment's arrival to raise a company each of cavalry and infantry from the neighborhood. At the same time, the regiment found themselves a magnet for several fugitive slaves and in a legal bind when a master, "professing to be a good Union man, armed with a United-States warrant, and accompanied by the provost marshal of the district," showed up, and the regiment was forced to return the people, an unpopular act with the men.

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delighted to find that their habitations had not been destroyed nor their friends molested," as the Confederate propaganda predicted. In the couirse of their stay, the men found many arms and contraband bound for the rebels and released two Unionist locals from the jail. The regiment's presence ensured the safety of and encouraged other local Unionists, but a local proslavery newspaper continued to publish "the most outrageous lies concerning the troops,". The 1st Massachusetts inferred the editor's sympathies revealed a strong currrent of secessionism in his readership.

822:, it had about one thousand inhabitants. Since the river is navigable to the town, giving it considerable commercial importance, it made it a logical place to interdict the traffic of war material into the Confederacy. The men of the regiment noted the considerable wealth of the town, but found the people were moderately secessionist or non-committal in their sentiments, but very much wanted to be left alone. Since no arms or uniforms were found in the town although several houses were searched from cellar to attic, the 1st Massachusetts moved on. 61: 670: 1554: 1605: 729:. The site was the most elevated spot of ground on Arlington Heights, overlooking not only Washington, Georgetown, and Alexandria, but the country round about for nearly a dozen miles in every direction. Overlooking a long stretch of the Potomac River, and nearly the whole extent of the capital, from the Georgetown line above to the Washington Navy Yard below, its heavy guns commanded not only the river and city in front, but also the whole sweep of farming country extending to the south and west. 1894:, with the latter having considerably more parts, but producing a similar numbers of units in the earliest years of the 1913–1915 automobile assembly line, indirectly due to mass production manufacturing advancements pioneered by the armory 50 years earlier. These rifles were also produced by contracted commercial arms compnies who, by the contract, had to meet the NA manufacturing specifications. 236: 678:

at the unexpected defeat of their army when an easy victory had been widely anticipated, and both sides quickly came to realize that the war would be longer and more brutal than they had imagined. On July 22, President Lincoln signed a bill that provided for the enlistment of another 500,000 men for up to three years of service. Soon, the immediate threat of an attack abated.

1650:. Cowdin immediately offered to one of his militia companies which was accepted. This company, with others that had previously been ordered, made a full regiment, and left for Washington, April 17, 1861. Although, on paper, Cowdin's regiment would retain the ordinal designation of its militia core, Andrews sent out the Regiments as soon as they were fully staffed, ergo, the 787:. The regiment found most of its inhabitants were Unionists, although not as overt as the people in New England, on account of threats from secessionist partisans. The men also became familiar with its spring which proved a good source of water.Soon after arriving the men joined the rest of the brigade in building Fort Lincoln—one of the cordon surrounding Washington. 818:

formed. The journey began shortly, and continued, without opposition, through a semi-hostile country south through Prince George's county until night, when the soldiers bivouacked in an oak-grove, not far from Marlborough situated on a branch of the Patuxent River, which runs into Chesapeake Bay. The county seat, twenty-three miles southwest of

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action, the regiment suffered its only casualties of the battle including 2nd Lt. ELijah B. Gill of Company I who had been holding the farmhouse. Soon, however, an order came for them to immediately retire. Having no knowledge of the general retreat, this order came as a surprise to the regiment. They marched northward towards

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improving the fort in the mornings, felling timber all around the fort, and in the afternoons, they drilled by battalion or brigades. New clothing of standard army blue jackets and sky blue trousers was issued to replace the gray militia uniforms, and, on July 29, the men were paid the first of the month in gold and silver.

394:. The peace-time unit of militia was organized in 1858 not long after an older unit of the same name disbanded. The regiment was initially built around five companies (later companies , D, E, F, and G) of the First Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia. These five companies were the "Union Guards" of 619:

of his regiments. The first battery was posted in the wheat field fired twelve or fifteen shots before rebel batteries replied with four or five rounds of accurate fire. When the second battery arrived, and was posted by the orchard, it fired on the enemy's batteries who ceased firing after four rounds.

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The men of the regiment noted a couple men from the 11th New York, Ellsworth's Fire Zouaves, who eager to fight had left their regiment, at least six miles behind, and joined the advancing troops being among the first to enter the woods. Subject to no orders, they roamed about at will, doing well and

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Initially, the 1st Massachusetts wore the Massachusetts militia uniform which consisted of a dark blue regulation shako, grey shell coat and collar, black shoulder straps, dark blue trousers, and black leather belts, pouches, and straps. By the time of the peninsula campaign, the regiment was wearing

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Ordered to Fortress Monroe, Va., April 7, 1862; thence to Yorktown. Siege of Yorktown April 16-May 4. Affair at Yorktown April 26 (Cos. "A," "H" and "I"). Battle of Williamsburg May 5. Battle of Fair Oaks, Seven Pines, May 31 – June 1. Seven days before Richmond June 25 – July 1. Battles of Oak Grove

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Friction between the regiment and the rest of Richardson's brigade led to a request for transfer to another. This request was granted on Friday, August 9, when the command was ordered to march to the vicinity of Bladensburg, MD on the other side of the river and the capital. An alert for an impending

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during which the 1st Massachusetts acted as the leading regiment of the brigade by Col. Cowdin's request. As they started off at 7:00 a.m., the heat was extremely oppressive, and water was scarce, and the 1st turned left from Centreville down the road leading down to Blackburn's Ford across Bull Run,

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which they called Camp Banks. The 1st Massachusetts spent nearly a month there, drilling and preparing for the upcoming campaign. The men shared an opinion with the other New England troops that the further they traveled south,there was an increase in travelers' discomforts and inconveniences, poorer

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in Boston and began recruiting volunteers for five new companies. This progressed for about a month until a full complement of companies was reached. When Lincoln's call for three-year regiments was issued on May 3, 1861, the men of the 1st Massachusetts unanimously agreed to serve for that term. The

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That night the regiment returned to Centerville for its bivouac. At Blackburn's Ford, its first taste of battle, the 1st Massachusetts lost 13 killed, including 2nd Lieut. William H. B. Smith of Cambridge, and over 20 wounded and missing. On Friday, the next day, it returned the ford to man a picket

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The brigade's skirmishers advanced half-way down the hill to make observations and, across Bull Run, they saw rebel infantry in numerous cleared spots and around certain buildings, interspersed here and there by cavalry, but no artillery. Richardson immediately ordered up his artillery, and the rest

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Again, their gray uniforms caused another moment of confusion as they were almost fired on by These two companies took the brunt of the unit's casualties during the engagement, although the entire regiment was exposed to heavy fire. The 1st Massachusetts found that the Confederates were present in

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From Cudworth:"Lieut. William H. B. Smith discovered the enemy, as he supposed; but seeing how they were attired, and fearing to give the order to fire, lest he might shoot some of our own men, he ran forward, exclaiming, "Who are you?" The rebels replied with the same question, "Who are you?" when

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To forestall this, the Wart Department deemed it advisable to send a regiment or two of infantry, and a few hundred cavalry, to stop these activities and safeguard the elections. On Sunday, September 8, the 1st Massachusetts was ordered to prepare five days' rations and be in readiness to cross the

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and recruiting cavalry and infantry for their army. The rebels were gathering arms, uniforms, munitions, and other material through this region and taking them back into their lines. The area had a strong and active secessionist element that was rumored to was planning to disrupt the upcoming state

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At Camp Union, the regiment frequently had musketry training on the firing range, and occasionally the brigade would turn out for volley firing. The first day this was done the townspeople of Bladensburg, hearing the heavy gunfgire, thought the enemy was attacking the town. The residents rushed out

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Despite voting to remain in the United States, Maryland was a slave state and had a large minority of seccessionists who overtly and covertly supported the rebels. As a result, security was very tight in the Washington area. The 1st Massachusetts men were not allowed to go to other camps, nor visit

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The Union command and public opinion feared that the 14,000 Confederate troops who had not fought in the battle would advance on the capital. As a result, the 1st Massachusetts and its brigade were withdrawn all the way back to the city and went back into Camp Banks. The Northern public was shocked

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Due to the failure of the reconnaissance at Blackburn's Ford, McDowell determined that a frontal assault on the Confederate lines across Bull Run would be necessary. The result was the First Battle of Bull Run fought on July 21. During the battle, the 1st Massachusetts and their brigade were posted

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was established in 1862. During this time production ramped up to unprecedented levels ever seen in American manufacturing up until that time, with only 9,601 rifles manufactured in 1860, rising to a peak of 276,200 by 1864. These advancements would not only give the Union a decisive technological

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On Tuesday morning, July 23, the 1st Massachusetts received orders to pack up everything, and move across the Potomac to the vicinity of Arlington Heights. By 12:00 p.m., the regiment was on the march. At nightfall the men turned into a field on the canal which crossed the river at that point. The

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A strategic threat remained and the United States continued building extensive fortifications to protect Washington from the rebels. On the hills surrounding the capital, across the Potomac in northern Virginia, and on the Potomac Approaches, the U.S. government built a complex system of Civil War

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When the full brigade arrived, it deployed athwart the road with the 1st Massachusetts on the left. Two companies pushed into the woods along Bull Run and made contact almost immediately who opened fire but seemed only to prevent the crossing of Bull Run and not advance themselves. Another company

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seat, had been in open revolt and was the headquarters of the locally-recruited rebel cavalry and infantry, flying the Confederate flag above the Court House. The regiment's approach had caused the principal seccesionist inhabitants to flee, but returned in course of a day or two, "astonished and

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for 75,000 volunteers to serve a term of 90-days. But as the unit did not yet have the ten companies required for a regiment, the request was set aside. The state the added five other militia companies in part or as a whole to fill the complement of ten companies as A, C, H, I, and K. A was drawn

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The forts contained veils, bomb-proofs, and magazines; were surrounded with ditches, fringed and planted with abatis of sharp pointed branches; and mounted variously a dozen, fifteen, twenty, or more guns, of every caliber. To give these guns the widest possible range, forest-trees, proves, and

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The men seemed fully to appreciate the gravity of their duty to hold and defend Fort Albany. Despite being infantry, the men learned how to operate the fort's big guns. The heavy pieces were rolled backwards and forwards from their positions, and loading and firing drills conducted until the men

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When the main Union force retreated in extreme disorder, the Confederate troops at Blackburn's Ford advanced to attack. The 1st Massachusetts resisted this advance for a short time, returning fire from their fortified position driving the rebels back into the protection of the woods. During this

588:. The men noted the support of local Unionists as the marched and reached their bivouac at 11:00 p.m. Throughout Tuesday and Wednesday, the regiment saw evidence of the rebel army in trees felled as obstacles across the road and various pieces of clothinbg and equipment left along the road side. 852:

On Sunday, October 6, having accomplished the pacification of the area and encouraged the Unionist population in Lower Maryland, the regiment was ordered to return to Camp Union. They left at dawn on Monday and arrived back at camp about noon. They had been away twenty-eight days, travelled two

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at six o'clock the next morning. In the predawn Monday darkness the order to turn out went round from tent to tent. The men made ready, stuffing their haversacks as full as possible, and storing their knapsacks at the fort. At precisely 6:00 a.m., in light marching order, the marching line was

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At Fort Albany, the 1st Massachusett's numbers had been somewhat diminished by discharges for disability and other causes, but those remaining were realizing the struggle would be harder and longer than first expected and still maintained good morale. For the first few days, the men worked at

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While patrolling Lower Maryland, the regiment visited several places towns and seized various quantities of arms and contaband goods. These stores had been carefully hidden, but the local black population, especially the enslaved, "did not require much coaxing to induce them to point out the

446:. The regiment began active training and drilling here, however, the camp and barracks turned out to be unsuitable and unhealthy, resulting a growing sick list. On June 13, the unit moved to a different location in North Cambridge where new barracks were constructed. This came to be known as 502:

before conducting the march. A large crowd of civilians assembled but remained silent as the 1st Massachusetts passed. After boarding train cars without incident, the regiment arrived in Washington on the evening of June 17. It was the first of the three-year regiments to reach the capital.

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orchards were levelled with the ground all around them; and, in some instances, houses and barns torn down or removed. By 1865, 68 forts and 93 batteries armed with over 800 cannons encircled Washington, DC. Today, 17 of the original sites are managed by the National Park Service.

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from the 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Militia, a peace-time unit which was formed in 1858, replacing an earlier, disbanded unit of the same designation. Five companies of new recruits were added to the regiment and the unit was mustered in by companies beginning May 23, 1861, at

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The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Published under the direction of the Secretary of War (1880-1891). Series 1 (Military Operations), Volume 36, Part 2, Chapter 48 (Operations in Southeastern Virginia and North

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Confederate attack delayed the move until the following Thusday, August 15. At 8:00 a.m. in a drenching rain, the regiment and its twenty-five wagons left the fort, recrossed the Potomac over Long Bridge, marched through Washington, and stopped on a knoll just short of

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Duty in the Defences of Washington until December --. At Fort Lyon until September 13. Near Fairfax Seminary until October 20 and at Munson's Hill until November 1. Duty at Fairfax Station November 2–25. Operations on Orange & Alexandria Railroad November 10–12.

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living, exorbitant charges at accommodations, indifference to human comfort, and disregard of human life and happiness. This seemed to feed the very dim view they of the local white population who they saw as overtly or covertly supportive of secession.

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Nathaniel M. Allen At Gettysburg on 2 July, when his regiment was falling back, already carrying the national color, he returned in the face of the enemy's fire, pulled the regimental flag from under the body of its fallen bearer saving it from

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Just shy of a month later, on Monday, September 9, 1861, the 1st Massachusetts received orders sending them into lower Maryland. The federal government had received reports that in some parts of Lower Maryland, rebels were crossing Potomac and

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Cowdin also found the condition of the arms and equipment drawn from the Watertown Arsenal to be in poor condition and the regiment spent a lot of its time in camp repairing its arms, uniforms, and equipment to suitable condition for field

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Howe, A.P., Brigadier-General, Inspector of Artillery (1864-05-17). "Report on the inspection of the defenses of Washington, made by the order of the Secretary of War: Fort Albany, Captain Rhodes commanding.". In Scott, Robert N. (ed.).

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Moved to Washington October 15 thence to Union Mills, Va., and rejoin Corps October 17. Advance to line of the Rappahannock November 7–8. Kelly's Ford November 7. Mine Run Campaign November 26-December 2. Payne's Farm November 27.

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Movement to Fortress Monroe, thence to Centreville August 15–26. Bristoe Station or Kettle Run August 27. Catlett's Station August 28. Battles of Groveton August 29 and Bull Run August 30. Active also Chantilly, Sept. 1, 1862

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Rapidan Campaign May 3–20. Battles of the Wilderness May 5 7; Spottsylvania May 8–12; Spottsylvania Court House May 12–21. Assault on the Salient at Spottsylvania Court House May 12. Harris Farm or Fredericksburg Road May 19.

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night was passed in the open air since the tents were still enroute and the camp proved to be an unfortunate selection, on account of its dampness and the heavy fogs at night, On Thursday, the regiment moved to Fort Albany, a

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As a result, strict military discipline was enforced. The men were learning to be soldiers with a tight schedule of instruction, physical training, and inspections. They were attached to the Fourth Brigade (commanded by Col.

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in the field, but standard percussion caps. The regiment used these rifles through its service, replacing them with newer 1861 and 1863 models National Armory (NA) and contract manufactured rifle-muskets when necessary.

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from thw two militia companies in Brookline, C from the North End True Blues in Boston, H from the Chelsea Volunteers in Chelsea, I from the Schouler Guards in Boston, and K from the Chadwick Light Infantry of Roxbury.

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Because the core of the regiment was an existing militia regiment, they temporarily furnished with old muskets of various patterns. Around June 12, 1861 the regiment went to the Watertown Arsenal where they received

3169:. Vol. I. Boston, MA: Wright and Potter Printing Co, State Printers. pp. 28, 33, 34, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 69, 75, 92, 93, 95, 97, 9S, 100, 103, 104, 115, 117, 118, 124, 137, 138, 196–197, 564, 569. 430:

first four companies were mustered into federal service on May 23 and the remaining six over the next few days. On May 25, the regiment was ordered to occupy an improvised training camp outside of Boston dubbed

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During its term of service, it lost 8 Officers and 108 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 1 Officer and 55 Enlisted men by disease for a total of 179. Seven further men were lost as prisoners of war.

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Massachusetts in the Rebellion: A Record of the Historical Position of the Commonwealth, and the Services of the Leading Statesmen, the Military, the Colleges, and the People, in the Civil War of 1861-65

3696: 3102:. The Union Army: A History of Military Affairs in the Loyal States, 1861–65 – Records of the Regiments in the Union army – Cyclopedia of battles – Memoirs of Commanders and Soldiers. Vol. I. 623:

took the house and barn on the left and followed the skirmishers into the woods. Once again, confusion over the regiment's uniforms made it difficult to identify friendly soldiers from the rebels.

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force on the other side of Blackburn's Ford and had a strong position. Tyler ordered a complete withdrawal. Any attempt to flank the Confederate position by Blackburn's Ford was thereafter lost.

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which required the regiment to march on foot between two of the city's train depots as the 6th Massachusetts had done. The men of the 1st Massachusetts were ordered to load their

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Lieut. Smith incautiously responded, "Massachusetts men;" and no sooner had the words left his mouth than the rebels replied with a volley which laid him dead upon the spot."

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At Falmouth until April 27. Operations at Rappahannock Bridge and Grove Church February 5–7. Chancellorsville Campaign April 27 – May 6. Battle of Chancellorsville May 1–5.

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just in the rear of the artillery, buried Lt Gill, and rested until orders came near midnight to march for Washington. Theirs was the last Union brigade to leave the field.

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into the streets, listened a moment, seized whatever was close at hand, and started off for the forest. After the first day of musketry, the locals grew accutomed to it.

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Ordered home for muster out May 20 Veterans and Recruits transferred to 11th Massachusetts Infantry May 20. Mustered out May 25, 1864. Expiration of term.

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Immediately after the fall of Ft. Sumter, when the Capital seemed in imminent danger, Cowdin and a number of other militia Colonels reported to Governor

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On Tuesday, July 16, the regiment received orders to march with their brigade into Virginia as Gen. McDowell commenced to move his army to meet the

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Northern Weapons Manufacturing during the Civil War; keynote address of the 2012 Smithsonian Institution's Technology and the Civil War symposium

1679:, whose murder by the secessionist Jackson, at the Marshall House, Alexandria, Va., on the morning of May 24, was still fresh in the public mind. 301:. It was the first regiment to leave Massachusetts for a three-year term (several had previously left for 90-day terms) in response to President 3096:

Military Affairs and Regimental Histories of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, And Delaware

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advantage over the Confederacy during the war but served as a precursor to the mass production manufacturing that contributed to the post-war

3330: 1623: 439: 1655: 1651: 765: 603: 487: 270: 3520: 1865:. Rifle-muskets, muskets, and rifles were manufactured in Springfield and Harper's Ferry before the war. When the Rebels destroyed the 2998: 1553: 1112: 934:

Moved to New York July 30 – August 1. Duty at Governor's Island Ricker's Island and David's Island, New York Harbor until October 15.

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sympathizers, new Union regiments headed southward generally avoided passing through that city. Col. Cowdin decided to travel through

368: 287: 184: 17: 3396: 3363: 768:(ten miles in all). There, a new camp, known as Camp Union, was laid out and tents pitched. The 1st Massachusetts joined Brig.-Gen. 699: 520: 867:

June 25; Savage Station June 29; White Oak Swamp and Glendale June 30; Malvern Hill July 1. At Harrison's Landing until August 15.

556:"Attack on the batteries at Bull Run by three companies of the First Massachusetts Regiment, Lieutenant-Colonel Welles, commanding" 3638: 726: 703: 1676: 894: 577: 451: 2210: 2208: 1618: 573: 569: 463: 443: 1803:, and its landscape is characterized by gently rolling hills and valleys. It borders Montgomery County on the west and the 1812: 1052: 830: 611: 597: 531: 491: 336: 332: 326: 124: 3470: 1883: 581: 1844:

decision, was born and raised on a farm near Prince Frederick. For more information see |his Knowledge (XXG) article]].

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has drawn comparisons between the early assembly machining of the Springfield rifles and the later production of the

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On June 19, the regiment marched through Washington and Georgetown and established a camp on the north side of the

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and was present for virtually all of the major battles in which the Army of the Potomac fought, including the

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May 3, 1861, call for three-year regiments. It was also the first three-year regiment from any state to reach

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History of the First Regiment (Massachusetts Infantry), from the 25th of May, 1861, to the 25th of May, 1864

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with which they equipped all companies (some of which were the 1858 modification with simpler rear sight, a

547: 534:. As part of their brigade, the regiment soon took up its part in patrolling and protecting portions of the 475: 411: 310: 207: 3130: 1800: 1367: 1067: 1028: 926:

Gettysburg (Pa.) Campaign June 11 – July 24. Battle of Gettysburg July 1–3. Pursuit of Lee until July 24.

483: 399: 216: 139: 105: 2391: 2389: 3367: 1072: 1035: 893:

Moved from Munson's Hill November 1. Duty at Fairfax Station November 2–25. Conducted operations on the

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Eventually, they crossed Bull Run, and three companies of the 1st Massachusetts were ordered forward as

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Thursday, July 18, Tyler's division was ordered to probe the Confederate position on the other side of

3325:. A Bison Book (New Bison Book ed.). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. pp. 56–58. 1866: 1858: 1853:

In government records, National Armory refers to one of three United States Armory and Arsenals, the

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muzzle-loading fire-arm. It was issued with a square socket bayonet. The regiment did not use the

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Duty at Governor's Island, Ricker's Island and David's Island, New York Harbor, until October 15.

1102: 1077: 565: 298: 174: 149: 3663: 2918: 772:'s brigade alongside the 11th Massachusetts, the 2nd New-Hampshire, and the 26th Pennsylvania. 3634: 3373: 3344: 3336: 3326: 3220: 3212: 3170: 3136: 3107: 3064: 3047: 3025: 2994: 2962: 1887: 683: 375: 343:. When Union forces surrounding Washington were reorganized, the regiment became part of the 2890: 2842: 585: 561: 306: 3655: 2214: 1377:

on the side of the buttstock, and an iron nosecap). The 1855 Springfield was a .58 calibre

347:, with which it was associated for the rest of its term of service. It was involved in the 3314: 2874: 1874: 814: 761: 746: 390:, the 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Militia consisted of five companies based in and around 302: 2858: 1877:, the Springfield Armory was briefly the only government manufacturer of arms, until the 3614: 3593: 3572: 3551: 3060: 3019: 1804: 1378: 999: 826: 805: 607: 527: 431: 329: 3675: 3543: 3513: 3463: 3438: 3388: 3259: 3192: 3151: 3122: 3086: 3040: 3011: 2988: 2984: 2977: 1833: 1370: 1010: 897:

November 10 through 12. Fought at the Battle of Fredericksburg, Va., December 12–15.

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Duty near Brandy Station until May 1864. Demonstration on the Rapidan February 6–7.

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in seventeen passenger and four baggage cars, drawn by two locomotives. Arriving in

1891: 995: 523: 447: 426: 315: 3301:. Fredericksburg, VA: Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania NMP Staff. pp. 31–32 3103: 1538:

K — 44 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

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I — 36 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

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H — 31 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

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G — 38 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

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F — 42 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

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E — 35 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

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D — 36 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1517:

C — 34 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1514:

B — 34 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1511:

A — 37 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1501:

K — 42 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1498:

I — 28 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1495:

H — 26 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1492:

G — 49 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1489:

F — 40 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1486:

E — 37 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1483:

D — 34 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1480:

C — 41 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1477:

B — 39 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1474:

A — 36 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1464:

K — 55 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1461:

I — 42 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1458:

H — 40 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1455:

G — 49 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1452:

F — 51 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1449:

E — 50 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1446:

D — 45 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1443:

C — 46 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1440:

B — 55 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1437:

A — 49 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, 1861, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

776: 673:

Map of Civil War forts near Alexandria, showing Fort Albany (ca. September 1861)

478:

where the men disembarked and, after a meal, again entrained, this time on the

3234: 3174: 2934: 1841: 1600: 714: 687: 627: 76: 3277:. Fredericksburg, VA: Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania NMP Staff. p. 32 3224: 3111: 3029: 3377: 3348: 407: 235: 3140: 2966: 3292:"Armament in the Army of the Potomac During the Chancellorsville Campaign" 1427:

K — 65 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1424:

I — 45 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1421:

H — 39 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1418:

G — 53 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1415:

F — 52 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1412:

E — 59 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1409:

D — 50 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1406:

C — 44 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1403:

B — 55 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

1400:

A — 51 Springfield Rifled Muskets, model 1855, NA and contract, (.58 Cal.)

779:

were familiar with Bladensburg's historical reputation as the site of the

1759:

A May 17, 1864, report from the Union Army's Inspector of Artillery (see

722: 658: 290: 86: 1886:

and 20th century machine manufacturing capabilities. American historian

1338:

Veterans and Recruits transferred to 11th Massachusetts Infantry May 20.

3068: 710: 2395: 580:, constituting Col. Richardson's brigade, crossed the Potomac via the 406:(E), the "National Guards" of Boston (F), and the "Independent Boston 37:"Charge of the First Massachusetts Regiment on a Rebel Rifle Pit near 3490: 3063:: Dyer Pub. Co. pp. 25, 41, 157. 271, 273, 277, 293, 296, 1248. 2574: 2572: 499: 2778: 1873:

and stole the machinery for the Confederate central government-run

1177:

Ordered to Fortress Monroe, Va., April 7, 1862, thence to Yorktown.

668: 551: 3542: