1010:
and forced to abort their mission. Of the surviving aircraft, only thirty-nine managed to drop their paratroops within .5 miles (0.80 km) of the correct DZ. Only four gliders arrived intact and those not shot down en route were destroyed while attempting to land. Despite these setbacks, the 250 surviving men of the 1st
Parachute Battalion captured the bridge intact. The battalion commander, 28-year old Lieutenant Colonel Pearson, ordered his men to dig in on the north side of the river. Their only support weapons were three anti-tank guns, two 3 inch mortars and a Vickers machine gun. As they dug in, the men removed the demolition charges from the bridge such that even if they were forced off the bridge it could not be immediately destroyed.
1217:
708:(DZ) by 2 miles (3.2 km). After capturing the radar and other installations, the assault group dismantled the equipment then withdrew towards the beach. They were intercepted en route by the cliff machine guns which had not yet been cleared and suffered some casualties. When the delayed first group arrived, they managed to neutralize the enemy machine guns and by 02:15 the company had mustered on the beach to wait for the navy. Despite some initial problems caused by a lack of experience in combined operations, the troops were successfully evacuated with losses of three men killed and seven wounded.
880:
384:
1263:
39:
955:
89:
71:
1213:, which were engaged by the battalion. They continued fighting their way forward, and by morning had reached the outskirts of Arnhem. By this time around a quarter of the battalion had been killed, wounded or were missing. Before this, at nightfall, Brigadier Lathbury had contacted Lieutenant-Colonel Frost in command at the bridge and informed him the brigade would stay put during the night and attempt to reach him in the morning.
235:
501:, road or rail bridges and coastal fortifications. At the end of most exercises, the battalions would march back to their barracks. An ability to cover long distances at speed was also expected: airborne platoons were required to cover a distance of 50 miles (80 km) in twenty-four hours, and battalions 32 miles (51 km). This ability was demonstrated in April 1945. When the
1061:
1162:
Parachute
Brigade, most of the 1st Airlanding Brigade and divisional troops were to be on the first lift, with the rest to follow the next day. Following the first lift, the airlanding brigade would remain at the landing grounds to defend them for the following day's lifts, while the parachute brigade set out alone to capture the bridges and ferry crossing on the
1142:
1014:
1178:, while the 1st Parachute Battalion initially remained in reserve at brigade headquarters. The 2nd Battalion, with 'A' Company leading, came under sporadic fire from pockets of German troops. 'C' Company were directed to capture the Arnhem railway bridge, but it was blown up just as they arrived. Pushing ahead, 'A' Company came under fire from German
518:
1205:, the German commandant of Arnhem, and kill him and his driver. Nevertheless, most of the battalion had been stopped by the Germans in Oosterbeek while 'C' Company had entered Arnhem but were halted on the road leading to the bridge. At 15:30 the 1st Parachute Battalion were released from the reserve and directed along the
817:
837:
1 December the
Germans attacked with infantry, armour and artillery, almost wiping out 'C' Company and causing heavy casualties in the rest of the battalion. Frost ordered the battalion to disperse into company groups and head for the Allied lines. On 3 December, the surviving 180 men reached safety at
677:
296:, where it fought as an independent unit. In North Africa each of the brigade's three parachute battalions took part in separate parachute assaults. The brigade then fought in the front line as normal infantry until the end of the campaign, during which they earned the nickname the "Red Devils". Following the
1238:
and
Brigadier Lathbury accompanied 3rd Battalion until Lathbury was shot and wounded. Due to his injuries, they were unable to move him and he was left in the care of a Dutch family. The 1st and 3rd Battalions spent all day trying to force a way through to the bridge. By nightfall they had failed and
1186:
was missing. Entering Arnhem as night fell, the leading battalion elements reached the main road bridge at 21:00. Having secured the northern end of the bridge, attempts to capture the southern end were repulsed and the battalion started to fortify the houses and dig in. Following behind, other units
1161:
The 1st
Airborne Division had the required airlift capacity to deliver all three parachute brigades with their glider-borne anti-tank weapons or two of the parachute brigades and the airlanding brigade on day one. Instead, the vast majority of the division's vehicles and heavy equipment, plus the 1st
990:
advancing from the landing beaches. Paratroops of the brigade would land on four DZs and the gliders at two landing zones (LZ). The 1st
Parachute Battalion was divided into two groups that would land at DZs on both sides of the river and thereafter attack the bridge from both sides simultaneously–3rd
836:
did not relieve the battalion as planned and instead it became trapped 50 miles (80 km) behind the German lines, where Frost was informed by radio that they had been written off. After ambushing an advancing German formation, the battalion were attacked by a second German unit and surrounded. On
1047:
To the south, the 50th (Northumbrian) Infantry
Division, in the face of strong German resistance, had stopped for the night 1 mile (1.6 km) south of the 2nd Battalion. Gunfire was heard just south of the brigade position on the following morning whereupon Brigadier Lathbury sent out a patrol to
1296:
of the reconnaissance squadron. By midday the brigade position was untenable and the last defenders were withdrawn into what had been the
Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion's position. By nightfall they were still holding out, and in the darkness some men tried unsuccessfully to break out. At dawn
1291:
for his bravery during the fighting at the bridge. That morning, communications with 1st
Airborne Division were established and Frost, on asking for reinforcements and supplies, was informed that the division was surrounded at Oosterbeek and the brigade was on their own. Frost was later wounded and
1254:
assault on the German line. This last attempt to reach the defenders at the bridge was subsequently stopped on the orders of
General Urquhart when he realised the futility of the battle. By this time the 1st Parachute Battalion had been reduced to forty men and the 3rd Parachute Battalion to around
1229:
attempted to rush the bridge from the south. The first five armoured cars, using the wrecks of the dawn convoy as cover and with the element of surprise, managed to cross unscathed. The rest of the force was engaged and twelve of their vehicles destroyed with the survivors returning to the southern
1009:
The brigade's first casualties occurred while they were still en route, when two Dakotas were shot down flying over an Allied convoy with another nine damaged and forced to turn back. When they reached the Sicilian coast, Axis anti-aircraft fire shot down thirty-seven and a further ten were damaged
1233:
On the outskirts of Arnhem, 1st Battalion, which had been joined by Headquarters Company, 3rd Battalion, unsuccessfully attempted to fight through to the bridge then moved south in an attempt to flank the German line. They eventually ended up beside the river, whereafter 3rd Battalion advanced 2.5
1224:
At dawn on the second day, the defenders on the bridge saw a small convoy of trucks approaching at some speed from the south, which at first they misidentified as the British XXX Corps. That they were enemy trucks did not become apparent until they were on the bridge whereupon the defenders opened
637:
retaining the number of the senior unit. The brigade formation changed again in 1948. Further amalgamations and the general reduction in the post war British Army resulted in the brigade being formed from the 1st Parachute Battalion, the amalgamated 2nd/3rd Parachute Battalion and the amalgamated
1157:
at Grave required two lifts while the 1st Airborne Division at Arnhem would need three lifts. Whereas the two American divisions delivered at least three quarters of their infantry in their first lift, the 1st Airborne's similar drop used only half its capacity for infantry and the remainder to
1274:
By day four, 20 September, the brigade still holding out at the bridge had been split into two groups during the night by the Germans who had managed to infiltrate close enough to separate them into positions east and west of the bridge road. Any movement was subjected to machine-gun and
1311:
By early May 1945, the 1st Parachute Brigade had been brought up to strength, albeit mainly with inexperienced replacements and the survivors of the 4th Parachute Brigade, which had been disbanded. On 4 May, the brigade was detached from 1st Airborne Division and 1st Parachute Battalion
1258:
With no word from the division or brigade Lieutenant-Colonel Frost assumed command of the brigade units at the bridge. With their casualties mounting and supplies of food and ammunition running low, a request for the force to surrender was rejected by Frost, who decided they would fight on.
1169:
Planes carrying the brigade left England at around 09:45 and arrived over DZ 'X' at 13:00. After an uneventful landing the brigade, once organised, set off for Arnhem. The 2nd Parachute Battalion followed a southern route along the river Rhine, to the north 3rd Parachute Battalion took the
1225:
fire and destroyed the convoy. Soon afterwards, German infantry and armour approached the bridge from the east. One tank reached the space under the bridge before it was destroyed by one of the 6 pounder anti-tank guns. At 09:00, thirty armoured cars, half-tracks and trucks from the
476:
Airborne soldiers were expected to fight against superior numbers of the enemy armed with heavy weapons, including artillery and tanks. Training was as a result designed to encourage a spirit of self-discipline, self-reliance and aggressiveness. Emphasis was given to physical fitness,
1312:
transported to Denmark for occupation duties while the rest of the brigade remained in Britain as a reserve formation. Without the brigade, the 1st Airborne Division deployed to Norway, but on their return were disbanded on 15 November 1945. The remaining airborne division, the
559:, now formed the 1st Parachute Brigade. These battalions were formed from volunteers aged between twenty-two and thirty-two years of age. Only men in infantry units were selected and only ten men from any one unit were allowed to leave. Early in 1942 the brigade was joined by the
358:
road bridge. After holding out for four days, with their casualties growing and supplies exhausted they were forced to surrender. By this time the remainder of the brigade trying to fight through to the bridge had been almost destroyed and was no longer a viable fighting force.
853:
heights and were then subjected to constant shelling and infantry attacks. After three days without relief, their almost ammunition expended, and having suffered 200 casualties, they were forced to withdraw. This was followed by the brigade fighting two fierce engagements at
703:
village. Another fifty-five men in an assault group would attack the radar station and forty men would set up a blocking position to prevent German reinforcements reaching the radar site. The parachute drop was mostly successful with half of the first group missing the
1283:, which approached the defenders' buildings and opened fire at point blank range. The brigade, out of anti-tank ammunition, could do nothing to stop them in the east, but the 6 pounders in the west still proved an effective deterrent. During the day, Lieutenant
866:
on 17 March. The remaining Axis forces surrendered on 13 May 1943 bringing the Tunisian campaign to an end with a cost to the 1st Parachute Brigade of 1,700 killed, wounded or missing. They had nevertheless proved themselves in combat and been nicknamed the
1044:, which stopped an assault that was about to overrun their position. The men from the 1st and 3rd Battalions, although initially forced across the river, still held the southern bank until dark when they withdrew to the 2nd Battalion's position.
1187:
of the brigade started to arrive, including a troop of guns from 1st (Airlanding) Anti-Tank Battery, brigade headquarters without the brigadier, part of the 1st Airborne Reconnaissance Squadron, and detachments of Royal Engineers and
1086:
In early September, the brigade prepared for Operation Comet, during which the 1st Airborne Division's three brigades were to land in the Netherlands and capture three river crossings. The first of these was the bridge over the
2722:
3138:
1048:
investigate and they discovered it was from British guns. The leading elements of the 50th Division had finally made contact with the brigade. After two days fighting, the brigade's 4th Armoured and the 9th Battalion,
1115:. Planning for Comet was well advanced when on 10 September the mission was cancelled. Instead, a new operation was proposed with the same objectives as Comet but to be carried out by three divisions of the
1029:
attacked at dawn. The defenders at the bridge held out all day against infantry, armour and attacks by aircraft. South of the bridge, the 2nd Parachute Battalion also under attack, were able to call on
638:
8th/9th Parachute Battalion. By July 1948, the 6th Airborne Division had been withdrawn to England and disbanded, leaving the 2nd Parachute Brigade as the only regular British Army parachute formation.
547:, Gale decided that rather than dividing the 11th Special Air Service Battalion among the brigade's battalions, he would keep the already trained unit together. On 15 September it was renamed the
766:
On 11 November, the first major British parachute landing was made by the 3rd Parachute Battalion, which without its 'A' Company, flew from England via Gibraltar in a fleet of American piloted
465:
and finished with five jumps from an aircraft. Anyone failing to complete a descent was returned to his old unit. Those men who successfully completed the parachute course were presented with their
3153:
2715:
3148:
1149:
Landings by the 1st Allied Airborne Army's three divisions began in the Netherlands on 17 September 1944. Although the allocation of aircraft for each division was roughly similar, the
3158:
3007:
2898:
1431:
pointed out to the brigade that this was an honour, as "distinctions given by the enemy are seldom won in battle except by the finest fighting troops." Following official confirmation by
1083:, Operation Wastage was a contingency plan drawn up whereby all the 1st Airborne Division would be parachuted in to support any of the five invasion beaches if delays were experienced.
311:. This was also the British Army's first brigade-sized combat parachute jump. Because of casualties sustained in Sicily, the brigade was held in reserve for the division's next action,
2708:
1230:
bank. All day long, the force at the bridge came under fire from mortars and anti-aircraft guns positioned south of the river and were subject to probing infantry and armour attacks.
916:, arrived in North Africa, and the 1st Parachute Brigade once again came under their command for further operations in Sicily. The invasion of Sicily was to be carried out by General
1336:
in England, the remainder of the British airborne forces were disbanded. Between March and May 1948, the 6th Airborne Division was dismantled, with the men leaving for England to be
2929:
2921:
978:, the only crossing point that gave the Eighth Army access to the Catania plain. Once they had captured the bridge, the brigade were to hold out until relieved by Major-General
3110:
3102:
1250:. By dawn, under intense fire from the German defenders, the attack had faltered whereupon the 11th Parachute Battalion, until then held in reserve, was ordered to carry out a
2793:
943:
by the 1st Airlanding Brigade took place on the night of 9/10 July, and Operation Fustian by the 1st Parachute Brigade on the night of 13/14 July. A third operation to drop
841:. With no more opportunities for parachute operations, the brigade fought in the front line as normal infantry. In February they held the right flank of the Allied line at
711:
The success of the Bruneval raid was reported in the British media for several weeks while Winston Churchill, who had taken a personal interest in the raid, assembled the
578:
By 1944, the brigade had increased in size and now comprised the 1st, 2nd, 3rd Parachute battalions, the 16th (Parachute) Field Ambulance and the 1st (Parachute) Squadron
2743:
987:
423:, on 10 February 1941. The success of the raid prompted the War Office to expand the airborne forces, setting up the Airborne Forces Depot and Battle School in
2868:
1435:
3133:
991:
Parachute Battalion would land on their own DZ north of the bridge and secure the high ground, while the 2nd Parachute Battalion did the same in the south.
734:
174:
2838:
1512:
3061:
2833:
2803:
2798:
1446:
camp. The Germans spotting their red berets, started cheering, and over a thousand prisoners ran towards the train throwing their own hats in the air.
610:
370:. Post-war downsizing of the British Army reduced their airborne forces to a single brigade and led to the 1948 dissolution of 1st Parachute Brigade.
661:
that used all three of the British Armed Forces. An attacking force from 'C' Company, 2nd Parachute Battalion would be parachuted into France by the
2878:
2783:
1356:
634:
262:
3046:
3021:
436:
1340:. The 1st Parachute Battalion, along with divisional headquarters, were the last airborne units to leave Palestine, three days after the British
3074:
3069:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
944:
939:
would support the Americans and the 1st Airborne Division the British. The British airborne assault was divided into brigade-sized operations:
828:, 30 miles (48 km) south of Tunis. The airfield was deserted so Frost marched the battalion 10 miles (16 km) to a second airfield at
626:
622:
614:
572:
540:
506:
502:
432:
363:
273:
138:
134:
3084:
2911:
2818:
2778:
2690:
2671:
2553:
2477:
983:
354:, coming 60 miles (97 km) from the south. In the face of strong resistance elements, the brigade managed to secure the north end of the
2828:
2813:
748:
396:
2823:
1242:
Another attempt to reach the bridge began at 03:45 on the third day, 19 September when the 1st and 3rd Battalions were joined by the
1052:
recaptured the bridge. Operations Ladbroke and Fustian had cost the British 1st Airborne Division 454 dead, 240 wounded and 102 missing.
1425:
1347:
After the brigade had been disbanded in June 1948, its battalions were reformed, by renumbering those in the 2nd Parachute Brigade. The
1073:
799:
715:
on 3 March to hear from Major Frost and several other officers who had taken part. On 15 May 1942 a special supplement to the
536:
454:
450:, expressed his opinion that the fledgling force must not be sacrificed in "penny packets" and urged the formation of further brigades.
428:
203:
2969:
2964:
2808:
2788:
2773:
1348:
1306:
925:
630:
470:
367:
186:
505:
advanced 15 miles (24 km) in twenty-four hours, which included eighteen hours of close-quarters fighting. In the same month the
3092:
2979:
2974:
2959:
2954:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2649:
2630:
2611:
2572:
2534:
2515:
2496:
2458:
1329:
1069:
802:
696:
681:
560:
556:
552:
548:
416:
211:
1328:, which was reformed as a normal infantry formation. Disbandment of the last brigade was overseen by its final commander Brigadier
431:
as well as converting several infantry battalions into airborne battalions in August 1942. This resulted in the formation of the
2949:
2883:
1508:
1293:
1025:
had parachuted onto Catania airfield to reinforce the Italians guarding the bridge and quickly moved to regain the crossing. The
1022:
658:
618:
564:
1438:, the title was thereafter applied to all British airborne troops. A demonstration of the respect in which the Germans held the
1216:
1064:
British paratroopers adjust their parachute harnesses during a large-scale airborne forces exercise in England, 22 April 1944.
1234:
miles (4.0 km) along the bank until daylight revealed their position to the Germans. Divisional commander Major-General
910:
440:
303:, when 1st Airborne Division arrived in Tunisia the brigade once more came under its command. The brigade's next mission was
962:, standing from a raised platform, addresses officers and men of the 1st Parachute Brigade, sometime in either 1942 or 1943.
786:. During the next airborne mission on 16 November, the 1st Parachute Battalion secured an important road junction near
362:
Reformed after the battle, the brigade took part in operations in Denmark at the end of the war and then in 1946 joined the
782:
reinforced the battalion later the same day. The following day the rest of the brigade who had travelled by sea arrived at
415:
was redeployed to parachute duties and on 21 November re-designated the 11th Special Air Service Battalion (later the
2906:
1398:
862:. When the Allied advance began again after the winter rains, the brigade was assigned to the force tasked with capturing
543:, took command of the 1st Parachute Brigade on its formation in September 1941. A triangular brigade formation with three
2873:
1247:
921:
1352:
1068:
The brigade returned to England in late 1943 and trained for operations in North-West Europe under the supervision of
833:
522:
994:
At 19:30 on 12 July 1943 the brigade took off from North Africa Consisting of 105 Dakotas, eight of them towing
699:. A group of forty men would attack machine-guns on the cliffs overlooking the evacuation beach and then advance to
3051:
1496:
1116:
533:
351:
1262:
2373:
1136:
932:
904:
308:
509:
marched 50 miles (80 km) in seventy-two hours, during which they also carried out two night time assaults.
1468:
1432:
1243:
1188:
603:
324:
824:
On 29 November the 2nd Parachute Battalion, now commanded by John Frost, parachuted onto an airfield at
419:), with both a parachute and glider wing, the men of which took part in the first British airborne operation,
38:
1279:
fire and they were under almost constant mortar and artillery attack. Added to this were probes by tanks and
1504:
1150:
1132:
343:
48:
1455:
Other missions planned in June and July 1944 were: Operation Reinforcement a parachute drop to the west of
383:
1523:
and Paris. Operation Axehead using the same force to seize bridges over the River Seine in support of the
1516:
1460:
1360:
1325:
1209:-Arnhem road. Here they first encountered German armoured vehicles and a column of five tanks and fifteen
1179:
1154:
936:
756:
599:
935:
coming ashore in the west. These seaborne landings were to be supported by airborne assaults whereby the
3143:
2997:
2989:
1456:
1397:
had ordered in 1941, that all Royal Air Force bombers must have equipment fitted for towing gliders and
1384:
Barrage balloons were used to speed up training jumps and meet the target of 5,000 trained parachutists.
1333:
1313:
1049:
1031:
1003:
846:
767:
595:
879:
1202:
2848:
2731:
1535:
sites. Near the end of August Operation Linnet, with the same units were to seize crossings over the
1402:
1220:
The bridge on the morning of Monday 18. Wreckage from that morning's battle litters the northern end.
959:
859:
346:. Landing on the first day of the battle, the brigade objective was to seize the crossings over the
2888:
2858:
2378:
1540:
1341:
954:
850:
760:
312:
2599:
1789:
2700:
2304:
2299:
1794:
1492:
1428:
1410:
1393:
The lack of transport aircraft hampered every British airborne operation of the war. However the
1359:
the 3rd Parachute Battalion. Finally, in July 1948, the 2nd Parachute Brigade was renumbered the
1280:
1100:
1076:
1038:
940:
917:
909:
Immediately before the Axis surrender in April 1943, the 1st Airborne Division, now commanded by
795:
526:
443:
420:
331:
316:
1316:, went to serve in Palestine. On 8 April 1946, the brigade, now under command of Brigadier
1026:
816:
657:
The Bruneval raid or Operation Biting in February 1942 was one of the first missions planned by
571:(RE). The 4th Parachute Battalion left the brigade in July to become the first battalion in the
895:
could accommodate two jeeps or a jeep and gun or trailer, the Waco could only take one of each.
2686:
2667:
2645:
2626:
2607:
2587:
2568:
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2530:
2511:
2492:
2473:
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2437:
1532:
1321:
1080:
900:
806:
670:
494:
400:
335:
304:
178:
2735:
1267:
1206:
1128:
928:
913:
810:
742:
652:
392:
339:
300:
293:
277:
182:
166:
44:
794:
then the next day ambushed a German convoy and were involved in several small battles. The
613:
and the 16th (Parachute) Field Ambulance. The 3rd Parachute Battalion had left to join the
2939:
2863:
1524:
1443:
1416:, who refused to divert aircraft from the strategic bombing campaign, to transport troops.
967:
948:
752:
738:
662:
583:
579:
568:
462:
289:
255:
207:
170:
104:
1060:
517:
1409:
bombers were to be able to conduct parachute operations. It was the Commander-in-Chief
1406:
1288:
1183:
999:
979:
892:
775:
722:
717:
486:
412:
234:
76:
3127:
1484:
1413:
1284:
1251:
692:
On 27 February, in ideal tide and weather conditions, the raid was commanded by
685:
587:
17:
1442:
occurred when a train carrying the 1st and 2nd Battalions to Algiers passed a large
676:
272:
Formed from three parachute battalions as well as support units and assigned to the
2659:
1394:
1317:
1235:
1199:
1088:
838:
787:
693:
490:
466:
94:
970:, 1st Parachute Brigade's objective in Sicily was the Primosole bridge across the
1476:
1163:
712:
458:
347:
297:
266:
224:
114:
1013:
1520:
1210:
1175:
1096:
721:
carried the announcement of nineteen decorations for the mission, including a
666:
498:
482:
453:
All parachute forces had to undergo a twelve-day parachute training course at
424:
404:
2441:
1464:
1195:
1111:. The objective of the British 1st Parachute Brigade would be the bridge at
995:
888:
884:
842:
705:
673:
station on the coast of France, which British scientists wanted to examine.
591:
544:
330:
At the end of 1943, the brigade returned to England, in preparation for the
2591:
1141:
2434:
On wings of healing: the story of the Airborne Medical Services 1940–1960
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1035:
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2584:
The Red Beret: the Story of the Parachute Regiment at War, 1940–1945
350:
and hold them for forty-eight hours until relieved by the advancing
1297:
on day five, what was left of the brigade was forced to surrender.
1287:
of the 2nd Battalion was killed and later posthumously awarded the
1480:
1261:
1215:
1145:
Map of the Arnhem area showing the planned drop and landing zones.
1140:
1104:
1059:
1012:
953:
878:
845:
and on the night of 2/3 February, the 1st Battalion, along with a
829:
815:
791:
675:
621:, who had returned to Canada at the cessation of hostilities. The
516:
408:
391:
Impressed by the success of German airborne operations during the
382:
281:
1363:, taking its one and six numbers from the two wartime divisions.
1226:
774:, turned out to be deserted and was secured with no opposition.
771:
625:
was disbanded in November 1945, and the brigade assigned to the
2704:
1503:
airfield. In August Operation Transfigure involved the 1st and
1239:
the strength of both battalions was reduced to around 100 men.
3139:
Airborne infantry brigades of the British Army in World War II
1119:, the British 1st and U.S. 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions.
951:
on the night of 10/11 July (Operation Glutton) was cancelled.
805:
was wounded attacking an Italian position and replaced by his
1543:
in early September involved I Airborne Corps, landing in the
633:. In 1946, the 17th Parachute Battalion amalgamated with the
2642:
Airborne to Battle: A History of Airborne Warfare, 1918–1971
2453:. Volume 1 of Elite series. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
751:, was detached from 1st Airborne Division, to take part in
2683:
Cordon and Search: with 6th Airborne Division in Palestine
2565:
Paras: An Illustrated History of Britain's Airborne Forces
2527:
The Second World War 1939–1945 Army – Airborne Forces
1475:. Operation Lucky Strike seizing the bridges crossing the
1002:, the gliders amongst other things transported the twelve
2586:(4 ed.). Torrington, UK: Michael Joseph Publishing.
747:
In November 1942, the brigade now commanded by Brigadier
1527:. Operation Boxer again using the same forces to seize
1079:. Although they were not scheduled to take part in the
3154:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1948
1191:
men. In total about 500 men were now at the bridge.
288:
on the French coast. They were then deployed in the
3101:
3083:
3060:
3006:
2988:
2938:
2920:
2912:
53rd (Worcester Yeomanry) Airlanding Light Regiment
2897:
2847:
2742:
582:(RE) as well as the 3rd (Airlanding) Light Battery
485:. A large part of the training regime consisted of
387:
Three of the first British paratroopers, June 1941.
222:
217:
197:
192:
162:
154:
144:
130:
120:
110:
100:
82:
64:
56:
31:
2869:2nd Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry
1194:A lucky break allowed 3rd Battalion to ambush the
609:After the war the brigade comprised the 1st, 2nd,
3149:Military units and formations established in 1941
2623:Ready for Anything: The Parachute Regiment at War
1153:landing at Nijmegen would use only one lift. The
411:of 5,000 parachute troops. On 22 June 1940,
3159:Airborne infantry brigades of the United Kingdom
2308:(Supplement). 23 January 1945. pp. 561–562.
1911:
1909:
461:. Initial parachute jumps were from a converted
265:. As its name indicates, the unit was the first
1483:. Operation Sword Hilt cutting off the port of
1467:airfield. Operation Beneficiary supporting the
1320:, arrived in Palestine where it deployed in an
2489:Wings Of War – Airborne Warfare 1918–1945
1798:(Supplement). 15 May 1942. pp. 2111–2112.
871:by the German forces they had fought against.
2930:6th Airborne Armoured Reconnaissance Regiment
2716:
2625:. Fontana Presslocation=Fontana, California.
2470:Airborne: World War II Paratroopers in Combat
407:to investigate the possibility of creating a
8:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2226:
2224:
2214:
2212:
1539:, cutting off the retreating German armies.
1182:and discovered that the central span of the
832:. Due to postponement of their advance, the
43:Men of the 1st Parachute Brigade during the
1653:
1651:
1006:of the 1st (Airlanding) Anti-Tank Battery.
735:British airborne operations in North Africa
175:British airborne operations in North Africa
2723:
2709:
2701:
2685:. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Military.
2582:Saunders, Hilary Aidan St. George (1950).
1623:
1621:
37:
2666:. Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword Books Ltd.
2525:Otway, Lieutenant-Colonel T.B.H. (1990).
2085:
2083:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1963:
1961:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1332:. Except for the three battalions of the
1034:from the 6 inch guns of the British
2175:
2173:
2145:
2143:
2124:
2122:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1357:7th (Light Infantry) Parachute Battalion
1351:became the 2nd Parachute Battalion, the
1292:command of the brigade assumed by Major
635:7th (Light Infantry) Parachute Battalion
551:, which, together with the newly raised
497:included capturing and holding airborne
338:, the brigade was next in action at the
263:British Army during the Second World War
2621:Thompson, Major-General Julian (1990).
2548:. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Books.
1563:
1377:
1017:The brigade objective Primosole Bridge.
435:with the 1st Parachute Brigade and the
292:landings in Algeria, and the following
269:brigade formation in the British Army.
223:The emblem of British Airborne Forces,
28:
2491:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
1355:the 1st Parachute Battalion, and the
1021:Unknown to the brigade, units of the
984:50th (Northumbrian) Infantry Division
858:and checking the German offensive of
368:internal security duties in Palestine
7:
567:, and the 1st (Parachute) Squadron,
3134:Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)
1513:1st Independent Polish Para Brigade
966:Now under the command of Brigadier
820:British Paratroops in North Africa.
770:. Their objective, the airfield at
2970:195th (Airlanding) Field Ambulance
2965:181st (Airlanding) Field Ambulance
2544:Peters, Mike; Luuk, Buist (2009).
1463:. Operation Wild Oats a drop onto
1349:5th (Scottish) Parachute Battalion
1307:6th Airborne Division in Palestine
276:, the brigade first saw action in
25:
2980:225th (Parachute) Field Ambulance
2975:224th (Parachute) Field Ambulance
2960:133rd (Parachute) Field Ambulance
2955:127th (Parachute) Field Ambulance
2884:7th King's Own Scottish Borderers
2606:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
2567:. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing.
2510:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
2472:. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing.
1095:, the second the bridge over the
790:, 90 miles (140 km) west of
665:(RAF) and later evacuated by the
521:Parachute troops jumping from an
2950:16th (Parachute) Field Ambulance
2874:2nd South Staffordshire Regiment
2506:Moreman, Timothy Robert (2006).
2436:. Edinburgh: William Blackwood.
1266:British paratroopers during the
1158:deliver vehicles and artillery.
1103:and finally the bridge over the
659:Combined Operations Headquarters
619:1st Canadian Parachute Battalion
565:16th (Parachute) Field Ambulance
427:in April 1942, and creating the
233:
87:
69:
2794:9th (Eastern and Home Counties)
2529:. London: Imperial War Museum.
669:. Their objective was a German
455:No. 1 Parachute Training School
1509:British 52nd Infantry Division
539:, who would later command the
1:
2907:1st Airlanding Light Regiment
2879:2nd King's Own Royal Regiment
1023:German 1st Parachute Division
332:invasion of North-West Europe
2248:Peters and Buist, pp.162–163
2206:Peters and Buist, pp.125–126
1361:16th Parachute Brigade Group
1248:South Staffordshire Regiment
1461:U.S. 82nd Airborne Division
1353:4th/6th Parachute Battalion
937:U.S. 82nd Airborne Division
523:Armstrong Whitworth Whitley
280: – a raid on a German
3175:
3052:Special Air Service Troops
2487:Harclerode, Peter (2005).
2077:Peters and Buist, pp.40–41
1304:
1126:
1117:First Allied Airborne Army
898:
732:
650:
444:Frederick Arthur Montague
334:. Not required during the
2640:Tugwell, Maurice (1971).
2602:; McBride, Angus (1981).
2508:British Commandos 1940–46
2449:Ferguson, Gregor (1984).
2374:"Brigadier 'Speedy' Hill"
1519:to close the gap between
1137:Operation Berlin (Arnhem)
998:and 11 Albemarles towing
905:Allied invasion of Sicily
611:17th Parachute Battalions
309:Allied invasion of Sicily
301:surrender in North Africa
36:
2889:12th Devonshire Regiment
2809:11th Special Air Service
2563:Reynolds, David (1998).
1505:101st Airborne Divisions
1324:role. They replaced the
1244:11th Parachute Battalion
1189:Royal Army Service Corps
924:landing in the east and
604:Royal Army Service Corps
557:3rd Parachute Battalions
325:Allied invasion of Italy
227:riding the flying horse
2859:1st Royal Ulster Rifles
2604:The Special Air Service
2546:Glider Pilots at Arnhem
2432:Cole, Howard N (1963).
2327:Peters and Buist, p.213
2318:Peters and Buist, p.212
2289:Peters and Buist, p.197
2275:Peters and Buist, p.166
2266:Peters and Buist, p.165
2257:Peters and Buist, p.164
2230:Peters and Buist, p.127
2218:Peters and Buist, p.126
2197:Peters and Buist, p.124
1579:Shortt and McBride, p.4
1246:and the 2nd Battalion,
1151:101st Airborne Division
1133:Operation Market Garden
682:2nd Parachute Battalion
561:4th Parachute Battalion
549:1st Parachute Battalion
417:1st Parachute Battalion
344:Operation Market Garden
49:Operation Market Garden
3047:6th Airlanding Brigade
3022:1st Airlanding Brigade
2734:airborne units of the
2068:Peters and Buist, p.31
2059:Peters and Buist, p.28
2050:Peters and Buist, p.26
2041:Peters and Buist, p.21
2032:Peters and Buist, p.19
2023:Peters and Buist, p.10
1517:Rambouillet St Arnoult
1344:ended on 18 May.
1326:6th Airlanding Brigade
1271:
1227:9th SS Panzer Division
1221:
1155:82nd Airborne Division
1146:
1065:
1018:
963:
896:
821:
689:
530:
437:1st Airlanding Brigade
397:British Prime Minister
388:
3075:6th Airborne Division
3070:1st Airborne Division
3042:5th Parachute Brigade
3037:4th Parachute Brigade
3032:3rd Parachute Brigade
3027:2nd Parachute Brigade
3017:1st Parachute Brigade
2998:Glider Pilot Regiment
2681:Wilson, R. D (2008).
2468:Guard, Julie (2007).
1457:St Sauveur-le-Vicomte
1334:2nd Parachute Brigade
1305:Further information:
1265:
1219:
1174:-Arnhem road through
1144:
1127:Further information:
1063:
1050:Durham Light Infantry
1032:naval gunfire support
1016:
957:
945:2nd Parachute Brigade
899:Further information:
882:
847:French Foreign Legion
819:
733:Further information:
679:
651:Further information:
627:6th Airborne Division
623:1st Airborne Division
615:3rd Parachute Brigade
573:2nd Parachute Brigade
541:6th Airborne Division
520:
507:5th Parachute Brigade
503:3rd Parachute Brigade
433:1st Airborne Division
386:
364:6th Airborne Division
274:1st Airborne Division
248:1st Parachute Brigade
139:6th Airborne Division
135:1st Airborne Division
32:1st Parachute Brigade
18:1st Parachute Brigade
3111:Deception formations
2784:7th (Light Infantry)
1547:estuary to threaten
1436:Sir Harold Alexander
988:4th Armoured Brigade
986:, reinforced by the
960:Dwight D. Eisenhower
887:being loaded into a
860:Operation Ochsenkopf
778:and a flight of RAF
680:Men of 'C' Company,
588:75 mm howitzers
2864:1st Border Regiment
2379:The Daily Telegraph
1826:Tugwell, pp.136–137
1770:Tugwell, pp.126–127
1541:Operation Infatuate
1487:and destroying the
1281:self propelled guns
889:Waco Hadrian glider
849:unit, captured the
761:French North Africa
684:returning from the
642:Operational history
606:(RASC) detachment.
590:, 1st (Airlanding)
313:Operation Slapstick
208:Sir Gerald Lathbury
3093:1st Airborne Corps
2644:. London: Kimber.
2336:Middlebrook, p.445
2305:The London Gazette
2167:Urquhart, pp.52–53
2137:Reynolds, pp.68–69
1869:Reynolds, pp.33–34
1795:The London Gazette
1779:Harclerode, p. 214
1761:Reynolds, pp.23–24
1493:Operation Hands Up
1429:Frederick Browning
1426:Lieutenant-General
1411:RAF Bomber Command
1272:
1222:
1147:
1077:Frederick Browning
1074:Lieutenant-General
1066:
1019:
964:
941:Operation Ladbroke
926:Lieutenant General
918:Bernard Montgomery
897:
822:
800:Lieutenant Colonel
796:Commanding Officer
690:
602:guns along with a
531:
495:military exercises
429:Parachute Regiment
421:Operation Colossus
389:
317:amphibious landing
267:parachute infantry
115:Parachute infantry
3119:
3118:
2819:13th (Lancashire)
2779:6th (Royal Welch)
2692:978-1-84415-771-6
2673:978-1-84415-537-8
2555:978-1-84415-763-1
2479:978-1-84603-196-0
2451:The Paras 1940–84
2354:Otway, pp.329–330
2098:Urquhart, pp.5–10
1606:Harclerode, p.218
1322:internal security
1255:the same number.
1081:Normandy landings
1027:German paratroops
980:Sidney C. Kirkman
933:U.S. Seventh Army
901:Operation Fustian
807:second-in-command
401:Winston Churchill
374:Formation history
336:Normandy landings
305:Operation Fustian
241:
240:
179:Operation Fustian
51:, September 1944.
16:(Redirected from
3166:
2829:16th (Staffords)
2814:12th (Yorkshire)
2736:Second World War
2725:
2718:
2711:
2702:
2696:
2677:
2660:Urquhart, Robert
2655:
2636:
2617:
2595:
2578:
2559:
2540:
2521:
2502:
2483:
2464:
2445:
2419:
2416:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2276:
2273:
2267:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2231:
2228:
2219:
2216:
2207:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2189:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2168:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2150:
2147:
2138:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2117:
2114:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2015:
2012:
1995:
1992:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1956:
1953:
1934:
1931:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1886:
1883:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1827:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1768:
1762:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1717:
1714:
1708:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1676:
1673:
1667:
1664:
1658:
1655:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1616:
1615:Ferguson, pp.7–8
1613:
1607:
1604:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1552:
1453:
1447:
1423:
1417:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1268:Battle of Arnhem
1203:Friedrich Kussin
1129:Battle of Arnhem
1070:I Airborne Corps
974:River, south of
929:George S. Patton
914:George Hopkinson
811:Alastair Pearson
743:Tunisia Campaign
653:Operation Biting
617:, replacing the
594:Battery RA with
439:. Its commander
393:Battle of France
340:Battle of Arnhem
294:Tunisia Campaign
278:Operation Biting
237:
204:Sir Richard Gale
183:Battle of Arnhem
167:Operation Biting
93:
91:
90:
75:
73:
72:
45:Battle of Arnhem
41:
29:
21:
3174:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3124:
3123:
3120:
3115:
3097:
3079:
3056:
3010:
3002:
2984:
2941:
2934:
2916:
2893:
2850:
2843:
2745:
2738:
2729:
2699:
2693:
2680:
2674:
2658:
2652:
2639:
2633:
2620:
2614:
2598:
2581:
2575:
2562:
2556:
2543:
2537:
2524:
2518:
2505:
2499:
2486:
2480:
2467:
2461:
2448:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2408:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2382:. 18 March 2006
2372:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2326:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2265:
2261:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2222:
2217:
2210:
2205:
2201:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2120:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2013:
1998:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1954:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1720:
1716:Urquhart, p.224
1715:
1711:
1706:
1702:
1698:Saunders, p.110
1697:
1693:
1688:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1635:
1631:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1525:21st Army Group
1497:U.S. Third Army
1495:supporting the
1459:to support the
1454:
1450:
1444:prisoner of war
1424:
1420:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1369:
1309:
1303:
1294:Frederick Gough
1139:
1125:
1072:, commanded by
1058:
968:Gerald Lathbury
907:
877:
768:Douglas Dakotas
753:Operation Torch
745:
739:Operation Torch
731:
663:Royal Air Force
655:
649:
644:
600:17 pounder
584:Royal Artillery
580:Royal Engineers
569:Royal Engineers
537:Richard N. Gale
515:
487:assault courses
471:parachute wings
463:barrage balloon
381:
376:
256:airborne forces
244:
210:
206:
199:
185:
181:
177:
173:
171:Operation Torch
169:
137:
105:Airborne forces
88:
86:
70:
68:
52:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3172:
3170:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3126:
3125:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3064:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3013:
3011:
3004:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2994:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2926:
2924:
2922:Reconnaissance
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2789:8th (Midlands)
2786:
2781:
2776:
2774:5th (Scottish)
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2740:
2739:
2730:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2705:
2698:
2697:
2691:
2678:
2672:
2656:
2650:
2637:
2631:
2618:
2612:
2596:
2579:
2573:
2560:
2554:
2541:
2535:
2522:
2516:
2503:
2497:
2484:
2478:
2465:
2459:
2446:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2418:Ferguson, p.34
2411:
2402:
2393:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2320:
2311:
2291:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2239:Urquhart, p.64
2232:
2220:
2208:
2199:
2190:
2188:Urquhart, p.52
2181:
2179:Urquhart, p.53
2169:
2160:
2158:Urquhart, p.50
2151:
2149:Reynolds, p.69
2139:
2130:
2128:Reynolds, p.67
2118:
2116:Reynolds, p.66
2109:
2107:Reynolds, p.65
2100:
2091:
2089:Tugwell, p.241
2079:
2070:
2061:
2052:
2043:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2014:Tugwell, p.165
1996:
1994:Tugwell, p.164
1987:
1978:
1976:Reynolds, p.47
1969:
1967:Tugwell, p.162
1957:
1955:Reynolds, p.37
1935:
1933:Tugwell, p.159
1926:
1924:Tugwell, p.156
1917:
1915:Reynolds, p.36
1905:
1896:
1894:Thompson, p.90
1887:
1885:Reynolds, p.34
1871:
1862:
1860:Reynolds, p.33
1853:
1851:Reynolds, p.32
1844:
1842:Ferguson, p.10
1828:
1819:
1817:Reynolds, p.30
1810:
1801:
1781:
1772:
1763:
1754:
1752:Reynolds, p.20
1745:
1743:Reynolds, p.21
1736:
1734:Ferguson, p.46
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1689:Ferguson, p.12
1677:
1675:Tugwell, p.125
1668:
1659:
1647:
1638:
1636:Reynolds, p.16
1629:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1553:
1448:
1418:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1368:
1365:
1302:
1299:
1289:Victoria Cross
1184:pontoon bridge
1124:
1121:
1057:
1054:
1004:anti-tank guns
876:
873:
776:No. 6 Commando
730:
727:
723:Military Cross
718:London Gazette
671:Würzburg radar
648:
645:
643:
640:
596:6 pounder
514:
511:
491:route marching
413:No. 2 Commando
380:
377:
375:
372:
323:, part of the
307:, part of the
261:formed by the
242:
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84:
80:
79:
77:United Kingdom
66:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
42:
34:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3171:
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3018:
3015:
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3009:
3005:
2999:
2996:
2995:
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2991:
2990:Glider Pilots
2987:
2981:
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2973:
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2824:15th (King's)
2822:
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2694:
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2675:
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2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2651:0-7183-0262-1
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2632:0-00-637505-7
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2613:0-85045-396-8
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:Shortt, James
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2574:0-7509-2059-9
2570:
2566:
2561:
2557:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2536:0-901627-57-7
2532:
2528:
2523:
2519:
2517:1-84176-986-X
2513:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2498:0-304-36730-3
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2460:0-85045-573-1
2456:
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2203:
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2176:
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2164:
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2155:
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2110:
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2029:
2026:
2020:
2017:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
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1936:
1930:
1927:
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1848:
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1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1808:Ferguson, p.9
1805:
1802:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1758:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1707:Ferguson, p.8
1704:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1666:Ferguson, p.6
1663:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1630:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1591:
1588:Moreman, p.91
1585:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1546:
1542:
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1534:
1530:
1526:
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1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1469:U.S. XX Corps
1466:
1462:
1458:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1415:
1414:Arthur Harris
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1381:
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1371:
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1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1308:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1285:John Grayburn
1282:
1278:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1252:left flanking
1249:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1180:armoured cars
1177:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1156:
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1122:
1120:
1118:
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1055:
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1051:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1005:
1001:
1000:Horsa gliders
997:
992:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
961:
956:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
927:
923:
919:
915:
912:
911:Major-General
906:
902:
894:
890:
886:
881:
874:
872:
870:
865:
861:
857:
852:
851:Jebel Mansour
848:
844:
840:
835:
831:
827:
818:
814:
812:
808:
804:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
749:Edwin Flavell
744:
740:
736:
728:
726:
724:
720:
719:
714:
709:
707:
702:
698:
697:John D. Frost
695:
687:
686:Bruneval raid
683:
678:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
654:
646:
641:
639:
636:
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624:
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496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
447:
442:
441:Major-General
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
403:directed the
402:
398:
394:
385:
378:
373:
371:
369:
365:
360:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
328:
326:
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314:
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302:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
257:
253:
249:
243:Military unit
236:
232:
230:
226:
221:
216:
213:
209:
205:
202:
196:
191:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
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157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
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133:
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119:
116:
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109:
106:
103:
99:
96:
85:
81:
78:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
3144:Paratroopers
3121:
3016:
2682:
2663:
2641:
2622:
2603:
2583:
2564:
2545:
2526:
2507:
2488:
2469:
2450:
2433:
2414:
2405:
2396:
2384:. Retrieved
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2345:Otway, p.324
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2303:
2294:
2271:
2262:
2253:
2244:
2235:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2163:
2154:
2133:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
1990:
1981:
1972:
1929:
1920:
1899:
1890:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1671:
1662:
1657:Guard, p.225
1645:Guard, p.226
1641:
1632:
1627:Guard, p.224
1611:
1602:
1597:Guard, p.218
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1451:
1439:
1421:
1395:Air Ministry
1389:
1380:
1346:
1318:Hugh Bellamy
1310:
1273:
1257:
1241:
1236:Roy Urquhart
1232:
1223:
1200:Generalmajor
1193:
1168:
1160:
1148:
1085:
1067:
1046:
1040:
1020:
1008:
996:Waco gliders
993:
965:
908:
893:Horsa glider
891:. While the
868:
839:Majaz al Bab
823:
788:Souk el Arba
765:
759:landings in
746:
729:North Africa
716:
710:
691:
656:
608:
577:
532:
479:marksmanship
475:
467:maroon beret
452:
445:
390:
361:
329:
271:
251:
247:
245:
148:
131:Part of
95:British Army
26:
2839:151st/156th
2409:Cole, p.210
2400:Cole, p.209
2363:Cole, p.204
2300:"No. 36907"
1903:Otway, p.88
1790:"No. 35558"
1570:Otway, p.21
1531:and attack
1515:landing at
1507:, with the
1499:by seizing
1477:River Seine
1471:to capture
1211:half-tracks
1164:River Rhine
1105:River Rhine
922:Eighth Army
725:for Frost.
713:War Cabinet
529:in England.
499:bridgeheads
459:RAF Ringway
348:River Rhine
225:Bellerophon
163:Engagements
145:Nickname(s)
3128:Categories
2942:Ambulances
2851:Battalions
2849:Airlanding
2746:Battalions
2425:References
1985:Cole, p.45
1440:Red Devils
1330:James Hill
1176:Oosterbeek
1097:River Maas
1089:River Waal
869:Red Devils
834:First Army
803:James Hill
667:Royal Navy
586:(RA) with
545:battalions
483:fieldcraft
425:Derbyshire
405:War Office
379:Background
342:, part of
252:Red Devils
212:James Hill
200:commanders
193:Commanders
149:Red Devils
47:, part of
3103:Deception
3062:Divisions
2899:Artillery
2744:Parachute
1559:Citations
1533:V1 rocket
1491:viaduct.
1465:Carpiquet
1399:Albemarle
1372:Footnotes
1198:carrying
1196:staff car
1041:Mauritius
1039:HMS
843:Bou Arada
780:Spitfires
706:drop zone
631:Palestine
592:Anti-Tank
534:Brigadier
513:Formation
352:XXX Corps
254:, was an
250:, or the
187:Palestine
60:1941–1948
3008:Brigades
2662:(2007).
2442:29847628
1529:Boulogne
1407:Stirling
1338:demobbed
1301:Post war
1093:Nijmegen
958:General
826:Depienne
701:Bruneval
647:Bruneval
448:Browning
286:Bruneval
284:site at
218:Insignia
2732:British
2592:2927434
1549:Antwerp
1545:Scheldt
1521:Orléans
1489:Morlaix
1473:St Malo
1433:General
1403:Halifax
1342:mandate
1172:Heelsum
1056:England
1036:cruiser
976:Catania
949:Augusta
947:beside
864:Bizerta
784:Algiers
527:Windsor
321:Taranto
259:brigade
229:Pegasus
198:Notable
125:Brigade
65:Country
2689:
2670:
2664:Arnhem
2648:
2629:
2610:
2590:
2571:
2552:
2533:
2514:
2495:
2476:
2457:
2440:
2386:4 June
1537:Escaut
1501:Vannes
1277:sniper
1135:, and
1123:Arnhem
1113:Arnhem
1109:Arnhem
972:Simeto
875:Sicily
856:Tamera
757:Allied
755:, the
741:, and
563:, the
493:while
395:, the
356:Arnhem
158:Maroon
155:Colors
92:
83:Branch
74:
57:Active
3085:Corps
2940:Field
1485:Brest
1481:Rouen
1367:Notes
1101:Grave
830:Oudna
798:(CO)
792:Tunis
694:Major
525:near
409:corps
315:, an
290:Torch
282:radar
2834:17th
2804:11th
2799:10th
2687:ISBN
2668:ISBN
2646:ISBN
2627:ISBN
2608:ISBN
2588:OCLC
2569:ISBN
2550:ISBN
2531:ISBN
2512:ISBN
2493:ISBN
2474:ISBN
2455:ISBN
2438:OCLC
2388:2011
1511:and
1405:and
903:and
885:jeep
772:Bone
598:and
555:and
489:and
481:and
469:and
298:Axis
246:The
121:Size
111:Role
101:Type
2769:4th
2764:3rd
2759:2nd
2754:1st
1479:at
1314:6th
1207:Ede
1107:at
1099:at
1091:at
982:'s
931:'s
920:'s
629:in
553:2nd
446:Boy
366:on
319:at
3130::
2376:.
2302:.
2280:^
2223:^
2211:^
2172:^
2142:^
2121:^
2082:^
1999:^
1960:^
1938:^
1908:^
1874:^
1831:^
1792:.
1721:^
1680:^
1650:^
1620:^
1401:,
1166:.
1131:,
883:A
813:.
809:,
763:.
737:,
575:.
473:.
457:,
399:,
327:.
2724:e
2717:t
2710:v
2695:.
2676:.
2654:.
2635:.
2616:.
2594:.
2577:.
2558:.
2539:.
2520:.
2501:.
2482:.
2463:.
2444:.
2390:.
1551:.
1270:.
688:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
