42:
248:. Consequently, Rosalyn Zucht was excluded from both public and private schools due to her refusal to receive a vaccination. Zucht sued, asserting that there was no emergency requiring vaccination and that she was deprived of liberty without due process of law by effectively making vaccination compulsory. The Texas state courts denied her claims, and she appealed to the United States Supreme Court.
477:
261:
of a state to provide for compulsory vaccination". The Court found no reason to question the fairness with which the city ordinance was applied in this case, and found that the ordinance reflected the broad discretion needed by authorities to protect the public health. The Court also noted that
2842:
262:
although the plaintiff asserted an equal protection violation, she had not articulated any impermissible discrimination that would invoke that doctrine, leaving nothing for the Court to examine with respect to such a claim.
2086:
297:
2054:
1910:
972:
202:
in which the Court unanimously held that public schools could constitutionally exclude unvaccinated students from attending, even if there was not an ongoing outbreak. In the case, the school district of
1178:
1232:
244:
The city of San
Antonio, Texas, enacted an ordinance prohibiting any child from attending a public school or other places of education without having first presented a certificate of vaccination for
2974:
770:
291:
2866:
1663:
1076:
1758:
580:
1822:
964:
494:
329:
286:
195:
83:
2653:
1718:
1044:
2541:
2964:
2201:
2070:
924:
1838:
1515:
2717:
2006:
1926:
1798:
1092:
879:
258:
220:
1323:
394:
2874:
2225:
1982:
1830:
1623:
2677:
2589:
1216:
2969:
1475:
2701:
2233:
1248:
571:
281:
2984:
2514:
1379:
980:
847:
1886:
1060:
871:
1240:
2078:
2062:
1966:
2391:
1974:
1084:
215:. One parent of a student who had been excluded, Rosalyn Zucht, sued on the basis that there was not a public health emergency. Justice
2790:
2506:
2431:
1695:
199:
46:
2850:
790:
211:
enacted an ordinance that prohibited any child from attending a school within the district unless they had been vaccinated against
996:
2669:
1539:
1942:
1419:
1264:
778:
1934:
2979:
2645:
2249:
1107:
891:
630:
564:
2733:
2549:
2209:
1647:
1499:
1451:
1192:
807:
353:
2533:
1703:
1004:
855:
2383:
1918:
1655:
2046:
2858:
2265:
2257:
1870:
1291:
1224:
276:
271:
253:
228:
135:
2890:
2834:
1998:
1555:
1523:
948:
932:
557:
1154:
2898:
2765:
2463:
2319:
1580:
1507:
900:
815:
305:
1639:
532:
2129:
1878:
151:
2709:
2359:
1846:
1020:
2818:
2661:
2629:
2217:
1766:
1012:
714:
606:
498:
448:
333:
75:
2685:
2597:
2455:
2447:
2343:
2241:
2826:
1990:
2810:
2557:
2423:
2407:
2300:
2105:
2038:
2022:
1814:
1547:
1483:
1363:
1200:
1028:
988:
940:
2725:
2335:
2137:
2741:
2693:
2637:
2573:
2565:
2498:
2415:
2375:
2351:
2014:
1958:
1902:
1894:
1531:
1411:
1395:
1272:
1052:
1036:
730:
614:
399:
139:
119:
426:
301:, 1902 case in which the Court had upheld quarantine laws as a reasonable exercise of police power
2802:
2621:
2613:
2439:
2399:
2284:
2153:
2145:
2113:
2030:
1854:
1806:
1782:
1750:
1671:
1615:
1607:
1459:
1355:
1170:
839:
754:
683:
594:
358:
233:
2367:
219:
wrote for the unanimous court that requiring students to be vaccinated was a justified use of "
2937:
2929:
2882:
2605:
2479:
2193:
1950:
1790:
1774:
1725:
1711:
1687:
1443:
1427:
1387:
1315:
1256:
956:
863:
799:
746:
638:
549:
457:
163:
505:
2185:
2161:
1742:
1491:
1467:
1331:
738:
706:
654:
514:
481:
1599:
1339:
1208:
762:
722:
646:
349:
443:
395:"The Fifth Circuit halted Biden's vaccine mandate. Here's what the lawsuits are arguing"
2749:
2581:
2327:
2292:
2169:
1679:
1435:
1347:
1116:
622:
523:
336:
216:
159:
127:
2958:
2471:
1862:
1734:
1403:
1371:
1162:
1068:
916:
831:
147:
2757:
2121:
1307:
662:
78:
2007:
Northeastern Fla. Chapter, Associated Gen. Contractors of
America v. Jacksonville
1631:
908:
823:
695:
204:
2177:
476:
2843:
Florida
Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board v. College Savings Bank
427:"Vaccination, Smallpox and the Law—An Experiment in Scientific Jurisprudence"
17:
461:
245:
232:(1905), in which the Court upheld the authority of the states to enforce
212:
2087:
Students for Fair
Admissions v. President and Fellows of Harvard College
298:
Compagnie
Francaise de Navigation a Vapeur v. Louisiana Board of Health
2055:
Parents
Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1
1911:
Village of
Arlington Heights v. Metropolitan Housing Development Corp.
104:
School districts could constitutionally exclude unvaccinated students.
90:
973:
Thornburgh v. American
College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists
541:
208:
251:
In a brief opinion, the Court noted that in the previous case of
2917:
2788:
1578:
1179:
Monell v. Department of Social
Services of the City of New York
681:
592:
553:
41:
1233:
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone
Indians of the Bishop Community
354:"A Dangerous Legal Battle Over Vaccine Mandates Will Continue"
292:
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Taft Court
2867:
Board of Trustees of the University of Alabama v. Garrett
771:
O'Gorman & Young, Inc. v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co.
1664:
Sipuel v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma
1077:
Box v. Planned Parenthood of Indiana and Kentucky, Inc.
1759:
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
1823:
United States v. Montgomery County Board of Education
965:
City of Akron v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
287:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 260
2654:
San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez
1719:
Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County
1045:
Ayotte v. Planned Parenthood of Northern New England
2975:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Taft Court
2542:
Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad Co.
2525:
2490:
2311:
2276:
2097:
1591:
1283:
1103:
890:
789:
694:
176:
171:
108:
98:
70:
60:
53:
34:
2202:Personnel Administrator of Massachusetts v. Feeney
2071:Schuette v. Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action
925:Planned Parenthood of Central Missouri v. Danforth
425:Ravenscroft, Donald R.; Solomon, Jack Jr. (1953).
1839:Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
1516:Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health
2718:City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc.
1927:Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
1799:Green v. County School Board of New Kent County
1324:Mullane v. Central Hanover Bank & Trust Co.
257:, the Court "had settled that it is within the
2875:Nevada Department of Human Resources v. Hibbs
2226:Michael M. v. Superior Court of Sonoma County
1983:Board of Education of Oklahoma City v. Dowell
1831:Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
1624:Cumming v. Richmond County Board of Education
565:
8:
1093:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
997:Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health
880:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization
2678:Massachusetts Board of Retirement v. Murgia
2590:Harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections
1217:Will v. Michigan Department of State Police
2914:
2785:
1943:Crawford v. Los Angeles Board of Education
1588:
1575:
1476:Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill
691:
678:
589:
572:
558:
550:
31:
2965:Vaccination case law in the United States
2702:New York City Transit Authority v. Beazer
2234:Mississippi University for Women v. Hogan
1249:Fitzgerald v. Barnstable School Committee
282:List of United States Supreme Court cases
1935:Washington v. Seattle School Dist. No. 1
223:" to maintain public health and safety.
2646:Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto Parts Co.
2515:Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. v. Ward
1380:Cleveland Board of Education v. LaFleur
981:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
848:Webster v. Reproductive Health Services
318:
1887:Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver
226:Brandeis invoked a previous decision,
1241:City of Rancho Palos Verdes v. Abrams
29:1922 United States Supreme Court case
7:
1967:Wygant v. Jackson Board of Education
1108:Section 1979 of the Revised Statutes
2734:Kadrmas v. Dickinson Public Schools
2550:Quaker City Cab Co. v. Commonwealth
1975:City of Richmond v. J.A. Croson Co.
1085:June Medical Services, LLC v. Russo
1061:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
872:Whole Woman's Health v. Hellerstedt
393:Yaver, Miranda (November 9, 2021).
2507:Arlington County Board v. Richards
2432:Examining Board v. Flores de Otero
2210:Wengler v. Druggists Mut. Ins. Co.
1696:McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents
581:United States Fourteenth Amendment
200:Supreme Court of the United States
47:Supreme Court of the United States
25:
2970:United States Supreme Court cases
2851:Kimel v. Florida Board of Regents
2392:Takahashi v. Fish and Game Comm'n
501:174 (1922) is available from:
35:Rosalyn Zucht, W. A. King, et al.
2670:Village of Belle Terre v. Boraas
2079:Fisher v. University of Texas II
1540:Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co.
475:
40:
2384:Ohio ex rel. Clark v. Deckebach
2063:Fisher v. University of Texas I
1420:Moore v. City of East Cleveland
1265:Los Angeles County v. Humphries
779:West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish
2985:1922 in United States case law
2250:J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel. T.B.
1:
1919:Dayton Bd. of Ed. v. Brinkman
1124:McNeese v. Board of Education
631:United States v. Wong Kim Ark
194:, 260 U.S. 174 (1922), was a
1648:Hirabayashi v. United States
1500:DeShaney v. Winnebago County
1452:Logan v. Zimmerman Brush Co.
1193:Owen v. City of Independence
808:Pierce v. Society of Sisters
2534:United States v. Cruikshank
1704:Brown v. Board of Education
1005:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
856:Planned Parenthood v. Casey
3001:
1656:Korematsu v. United States
2924:
2913:
2859:United States v. Morrison
2797:
2784:
2266:United States v. Skrmetti
2258:United States v. Virginia
1871:Guey Heung Lee v. Johnson
1587:
1574:
1292:Jacobson v. Massachusetts
1225:Gonzaga University v. Doe
690:
677:
601:
588:
277:1922 in the United States
272:1905 in the United States
254:Jacobson v. Massachusetts
229:Jacobson v. Massachusetts
113:
103:
56:Decided November 13, 1922
39:
2891:United States v. Georgia
2835:City of Boerne v. Flores
1999:United States v. Fordice
1556:Williams v. Pennsylvania
1524:Washington v. Glucksberg
2899:Shelby County v. Holder
2464:Cabell v. Chavez-Salido
2320:Patsone v. Pennsylvania
1581:Equal Protection Clause
1508:Michael H. v. Gerald D.
901:United States v. Vuitch
816:Griswold v. Connecticut
442:Sanzo, Michael (1992).
306:Prince v. Massachusetts
54:Argued October 20, 1922
2766:Armour v. Indianapolis
2130:Moritz v. Commissioner
1186:Procunier v. Navarette
1104:Civil rights liability
892:Abortion jurisprudence
444:"Vaccines and the Law"
234:compulsory vaccination
2980:Vaccine controversies
2819:Fitzpatrick v. Bitzer
2662:Richardson v. Ramirez
2630:Boddie v. Connecticut
2218:Kirchberg v. Feenstra
2047:Johnson v. California
1767:McLaughlin v. Florida
1155:O'Connor v. Donaldson
715:Allgeyer v. Louisiana
607:Slaughter-House Cases
449:Pepperdine Law Review
2811:Katzenbach v. Morgan
2558:Breedlove v. Suttles
2408:Graham v. Richardson
2301:Obergefell v. Hodges
2106:Breedlove v. Suttles
2039:Grutter v. Bollinger
1879:Jefferson v. Hackney
1548:Obergefell v. Hodges
1484:Edwards v. Aguillard
1364:Epperson v. Arkansas
1201:Harlow v. Fitzgerald
1136:Jenkins v. McKeithen
1029:Mazurek v. Armstrong
989:Hodgson v. Minnesota
949:Bellotti v. Baird II
941:Colautti v. Franklin
696:Economic substantive
352:(October 31, 2021).
180:Brandeis, joined by
136:Oliver W. Holmes Jr.
2742:Gregory v. Ashcroft
2710:Mills v. Habluetzel
2694:Zablocki v. Redhail
2638:Eisenstadt v. Baird
2574:Oyama v. California
2566:Skinner v. Oklahoma
2499:Shapiro v. Thompson
2416:Sugarman v. Dougall
2360:Porterfield v. Webb
2352:Terrace v. Thompson
2015:Missouri v. Jenkins
1959:Hunter v. Underwood
1903:Milliken v. Bradley
1895:Norwood v. Harrison
1847:McDaniel v. Barresi
1532:Troxel v. Granville
1412:Mathews v. Eldridge
1396:Taylor v. Louisiana
1273:Connick v. Thompson
1053:Gonzales v. Carhart
1037:Stenberg v. Carhart
1021:Lambert v. Wicklund
933:Bellotti v. Baird I
731:Lochner v. New York
615:Minor v. Happersett
533:Library of Congress
431:Nebraska Law Review
400:The Washington Post
152:James C. McReynolds
140:Willis Van Devanter
2803:Civil Rights Cases
2791:Enforcement Clause
2622:Oregon v. Mitchell
2614:Williams v. Rhodes
2440:Nyquist v. Mauclet
2400:Hernandez v. Texas
2285:Bowers v. Hardwick
2277:Sexual orientation
2154:Stanton v. Stanton
2146:Geduldig v. Aiello
2114:Goesaert v. Cleary
2031:Gratz v. Bollinger
1855:Palmer v. Thompson
1807:Hunter v. Erickson
1783:Loving v. Virginia
1751:Anderson v. Martin
1672:Shelley v. Kraemer
1616:Plessy v. Ferguson
1608:Yick Wo v. Hopkins
1460:Kolender v. Lawson
1356:Loving v. Virginia
1171:Imbler v. Pachtman
1148:Wood v. Strickland
1013:Leavitt v. Jane L.
840:Bowers v. Hardwick
755:Buchanan v. Warley
684:Due Process Clause
595:Citizenship Clause
383:, 260 U.S. at 175.
359:The New York Times
124:Associate Justices
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2938:Trump v. Anderson
2930:Gold Clause Cases
2909:
2908:
2883:Tennessee v. Lane
2780:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2686:Trimble v. Gordon
2606:Levy v. Louisiana
2598:Rinaldi v. Yeager
2480:Bernal v. Fainter
2456:Ambach v. Norwick
2448:Foley v. Connelie
2344:Crane v. New York
2242:Lehr v. Robertson
2194:Caban v. Mohammed
1951:Palmore v. Sidoti
1791:Lee v. Washington
1775:Reitman v. Mulkey
1726:Gebhart v. Belton
1712:Briggs v. Elliott
1688:Sweatt v. Painter
1570:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1444:Parratt v. Taylor
1428:Duren v. Missouri
1388:Arnett v. Kennedy
1316:Powell v. Alabama
1257:Ashcroft v. Iqbal
1142:Scheuer v. Rhodes
957:H. L. v. Matheson
864:Lawrence v. Texas
800:Meyer v. Nebraska
747:Coppage v. Kansas
673:
672:
639:Perez v. Brownell
480:Works related to
196:landmark decision
187:
186:
164:George Sutherland
89:43 S. Ct. 24; 67
16:(Redirected from
2992:
2915:
2827:Dellmuth v. Muth
2786:
2186:Parham v. Hughes
2162:Edwards v. Healy
1991:Freeman v. Pitts
1746:(M.D. Ala. 1956)
1743:Browder v. Gayle
1589:
1576:
1492:Turner v. Safley
1468:Hudson v. Palmer
1332:NAACP v. Alabama
791:Right to privacy
739:Muller v. Oregon
707:Mugler v. Kansas
692:
679:
655:Rogers v. Bellei
590:
574:
567:
560:
551:
546:
540:
537:
531:
528:
522:
519:
513:
510:
504:
479:
465:
438:
412:
411:
409:
407:
390:
384:
378:
372:
371:
369:
367:
346:
340:
323:
109:Court membership
44:
43:
32:
21:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2944:
2920:
2905:
2793:
2772:
2521:
2486:
2424:In re Griffiths
2368:Webb v. O'Brien
2307:
2272:
2093:
2023:Texas v. Lesage
1815:Hadnott v. Amos
1600:Pace v. Alabama
1583:
1562:
1340:Hoyt v. Florida
1279:
1209:Felder v. Casey
1105:
1099:
886:
785:
763:Adams v. Tanner
723:Holden v. Hardy
697:
686:
669:
647:Afroyim v. Rusk
597:
584:
578:
544:
538:
535:
529:
526:
520:
517:
511:
508:
502:
472:
441:
424:
421:
419:Further reading
416:
415:
405:
403:
392:
391:
387:
379:
375:
365:
363:
348:
347:
343:
324:
320:
315:
268:
242:
162:
150:
138:
120:William H. Taft
94:
55:
49:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2998:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
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2957:
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2945:
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2934:
2925:
2922:
2921:
2918:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2895:
2887:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2831:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2762:
2754:
2750:Vacco v. Quill
2746:
2738:
2730:
2726:Clark v. Jeter
2722:
2714:
2706:
2698:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2666:
2658:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2618:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2586:
2582:Oyler v. Boles
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2546:
2538:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2436:
2428:
2420:
2412:
2404:
2396:
2388:
2380:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2336:Heim v. McCall
2332:
2328:Truax v. Raich
2324:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2297:
2293:Romer v. Evans
2289:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2170:Craig v. Boren
2166:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2138:Kahn v. Shevin
2134:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2083:
2075:
2067:
2059:
2051:
2043:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2011:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1907:
1899:
1891:
1883:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1811:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1680:Perez v. Sharp
1676:
1668:
1660:
1652:
1644:
1640:Smith v. Texas
1636:
1628:
1620:
1612:
1604:
1595:
1593:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1504:
1496:
1488:
1480:
1472:
1464:
1456:
1448:
1440:
1436:Parham v. J.R.
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1348:Oyler v. Boles
1344:
1336:
1328:
1320:
1312:
1304:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1213:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1159:
1151:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1130:Pierson v. Ray
1127:
1121:
1117:Monroe v. Pape
1112:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1097:
1089:
1081:
1073:
1065:
1057:
1049:
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1308:Buck v. Bell
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663:Saenz v. Roe
661:
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490:
482:
456:(1): 29–48.
453:
447:
434:
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404:. Retrieved
398:
388:
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376:
364:. Retrieved
362:. p. 18
357:
344:
339: (1922).
325:
321:
304:
296:
259:police power
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221:police power
190:
189:
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172:Case opinion
155:
143:
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82:
64:
26:
18:260 U.S. 174
1683:(Cal. 1948)
1632:Lum v. Rice
909:Roe v. Wade
824:Roe v. Wade
698:due process
406:October 31,
366:October 31,
205:San Antonio
2959:Categories
2178:Orr v. Orr
542:OpenJurist
313:References
2491:Residency
182:unanimous
71:Citations
2312:Alienage
583:case law
489:Text of
462:11659523
266:See also
246:smallpox
213:smallpox
177:Majority
1707:(1954)
515:Findlaw
240:Opinion
198:by the
99:Holding
2941:(2024)
2933:(1935)
2902:(2013)
2894:(2006)
2886:(2004)
2878:(2003)
2870:(2001)
2862:(2000)
2854:(2000)
2846:(1999)
2838:(1997)
2830:(1989)
2822:(1976)
2814:(1966)
2806:(1883)
2769:(2012)
2761:(2000)
2753:(1997)
2745:(1991)
2737:(1988)
2729:(1988)
2721:(1985)
2713:(1982)
2705:(1979)
2697:(1978)
2689:(1977)
2681:(1976)
2673:(1974)
2665:(1974)
2657:(1973)
2649:(1973)
2641:(1972)
2633:(1971)
2625:(1970)
2617:(1968)
2609:(1968)
2601:(1966)
2593:(1966)
2585:(1962)
2577:(1948)
2569:(1942)
2561:(1937)
2553:(1928)
2545:(1886)
2537:(1876)
2518:(1985)
2510:(1977)
2502:(1969)
2483:(1984)
2475:(1982)
2467:(1982)
2459:(1979)
2451:(1978)
2443:(1977)
2435:(1976)
2427:(1973)
2419:(1973)
2411:(1971)
2403:(1954)
2395:(1948)
2387:(1927)
2379:(1923)
2371:(1923)
2363:(1923)
2355:(1923)
2347:(1915)
2339:(1915)
2331:(1915)
2323:(1914)
2304:(2015)
2296:(1996)
2288:(1986)
2269:(2024)
2261:(1996)
2253:(1994)
2245:(1983)
2237:(1982)
2229:(1981)
2221:(1981)
2213:(1980)
2205:(1979)
2197:(1979)
2189:(1979)
2181:(1979)
2173:(1976)
2165:(1975)
2157:(1975)
2149:(1974)
2141:(1974)
2133:(1972)
2125:(1971)
2117:(1948)
2109:(1937)
2090:(2023)
2082:(2016)
2074:(2014)
2066:(2013)
2058:(2007)
2050:(2005)
2042:(2003)
2034:(2003)
2026:(1999)
2018:(1995)
2010:(1993)
2002:(1992)
1994:(1992)
1986:(1991)
1978:(1989)
1970:(1986)
1962:(1985)
1954:(1984)
1946:(1982)
1938:(1982)
1930:(1978)
1922:(1977)
1914:(1977)
1906:(1974)
1898:(1973)
1890:(1973)
1882:(1972)
1874:(1971)
1866:(1971)
1858:(1971)
1850:(1971)
1842:(1971)
1834:(1969)
1826:(1969)
1818:(1969)
1810:(1969)
1802:(1968)
1794:(1968)
1786:(1967)
1778:(1967)
1770:(1964)
1762:(1964)
1754:(1964)
1738:(1955)
1699:(1950)
1691:(1950)
1675:(1948)
1667:(1948)
1659:(1944)
1651:(1943)
1643:(1940)
1635:(1927)
1627:(1899)
1619:(1896)
1611:(1886)
1603:(1883)
1559:(2016)
1551:(2015)
1543:(2009)
1535:(2000)
1527:(1997)
1519:(1990)
1511:(1989)
1503:(1989)
1495:(1987)
1487:(1987)
1479:(1985)
1471:(1984)
1463:(1983)
1455:(1982)
1447:(1981)
1439:(1979)
1431:(1979)
1423:(1977)
1415:(1976)
1407:(1975)
1399:(1975)
1391:(1974)
1383:(1974)
1375:(1971)
1367:(1968)
1359:(1967)
1351:(1962)
1343:(1961)
1335:(1958)
1327:(1950)
1319:(1932)
1311:(1927)
1303:(1922)
1295:(1905)
1276:(2011)
1268:(2010)
1260:(2009)
1252:(2009)
1244:(2005)
1236:(2003)
1228:(2002)
1220:(1989)
1212:(1988)
1204:(1982)
1196:(1980)
1188:(1978)
1182:(1978)
1174:(1976)
1166:(1976)
1158:(1975)
1150:(1975)
1144:(1974)
1138:(1969)
1132:(1967)
1126:(1963)
1120:(1961)
1106:under
1096:(2022)
1088:(2020)
1080:(2019)
1072:(2018)
1064:(2016)
1056:(2007)
1048:(2006)
1040:(2000)
1032:(1997)
1024:(1997)
1016:(1996)
1008:(1992)
1000:(1990)
992:(1990)
984:(1989)
976:(1986)
968:(1983)
960:(1981)
952:(1979)
944:(1979)
936:(1976)
928:(1976)
920:(1973)
912:(1973)
904:(1971)
883:(2022)
875:(2016)
867:(2003)
859:(1992)
851:(1989)
843:(1986)
835:(1973)
827:(1973)
819:(1965)
811:(1925)
803:(1923)
782:(1937)
774:(1931)
766:(1917)
758:(1917)
750:(1915)
742:(1908)
734:(1905)
726:(1898)
718:(1897)
710:(1887)
666:(1999)
658:(1971)
650:(1967)
642:(1958)
634:(1898)
626:(1884)
618:(1875)
610:(1873)
545:
539:
536:
530:
527:
524:Justia
521:
518:
512:
509:
503:
460:
328:,
236:laws.
158:
156:·
154:
146:
144:·
142:
134:
132:·
130:
91:L. Ed.
2919:Other
2526:Other
1284:Other
497:
332:
209:Texas
1592:Race
499:U.S.
458:PMID
408:2022
368:2022
334:U.S.
84:more
76:U.S.
74:260
2098:Sex
495:260
337:174
330:260
93:194
79:174
2961::
493:,
454:19
452:.
446:.
435:32
433:.
429:.
397:.
356:.
207:,
573:e
566:t
559:v
464:.
410:.
370:.
87:)
81:(
20:)
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