38:
698:
683:
4627:
1257:
300:
295:
includes a list of the 28, all of which are called "caer". Controversy exists over whether this list includes only Roman cities or a mixture of Roman cities and non-Roman settlements. Some of the place names that have been proposed include:
4021:
1960:
2564:
2432:
2734:
4652:
3837:
1904:
1954:
4431:
4126:
4246:
2676:
2646:
2616:
2483:
2456:
1760:
1733:
4031:
2404:
4456:
1605:
304:
37:
697:
2270:
1840:
1332:
3679:
3217:
2727:
2123:
2078:
376:
4016:
3097:
2342:
1408:
690:
586:
192:
97:
3612:
2140:
391:
272:
4667:
4061:
3686:
1787:
1723:
1708:
1497:
4558:
3636:
1557:
1482:
524:
465:
168:
4657:
4605:
4380:
4086:
4081:
4001:
3798:
3745:
3715:
3472:
3402:
3346:
2923:
2720:
2053:
1750:
1469:
714:
313:
4630:
4446:
4036:
3933:
3818:
3002:
2082:
1642:
1477:
666:
502:
491:
350:
343:
321:
1800:
171:, "caer" was and remains used to describe the settlements around some of them as well. An example is the
4583:
4421:
4203:
3956:
3693:
3516:
2845:
2377:
2086:
1618:
1514:
1396:
710:
268:
28:
2230:
4568:
4096:
3722:
3521:
3487:
2887:
2769:
2296:
2115:
2098:
1985:
1600:
869:
539:
4385:
4121:
3477:
2855:
2205:
2185:
1901:
598:
372:
148:
4507:
4116:
4091:
4076:
4071:
3921:
3901:
3698:
3259:
3126:
2870:
1981:
1546:
1241:
826:
476:
287:
62:
909:
The
Cumbric language was spoken in Northern England until the Medieval era in which the element
641:
4662:
4563:
4522:
4497:
4370:
4051:
3891:
3738:
3324:
3202:
2880:
2823:
2672:
2642:
2612:
2479:
2452:
2034:
1779:
1756:
1729:
1663:
1575:
1538:
1506:
1461:
978:
659:
406:
402:
354:
195:
120:
2247:
4537:
4512:
4441:
4365:
3966:
3961:
3896:
3447:
3251:
2830:
2226:
2189:
1585:
798:
626:
602:
509:
317:
78:
4426:
4278:
4251:
4191:
4161:
4046:
4011:
3991:
3976:
3531:
3526:
3494:
3255:
3197:
3185:
3167:
3034:
3015:
2941:
2918:
2426:
2304:
2274:
2144:
1977:
1964:
1908:
1832:
1592:
1109:
1075:
736:
449:
361:
339:
128:
2699:
2157:
214:"). However, the modern names of the Roman fort and Edwardian castle themselves are now
4595:
4590:
4256:
4241:
4176:
4166:
4041:
4026:
3926:
3916:
3881:
3755:
3548:
3245:
3212:
3176:
2992:
2850:
2814:
2289:
2222:
2094:
2002:
1623:
1522:
1364:
955:
682:
457:
453:
443:
276:
238:
82:
57:
42:
4646:
4600:
4553:
4461:
4451:
4405:
4375:
4360:
4329:
4310:
4171:
4111:
4066:
3981:
3940:
3750:
3383:
3378:
3111:
3074:
3059:
3010:
2955:
2934:
2743:
2308:
2193:
2136:
2074:
2049:
2017:
1691:
1443:
1311:
1261:
845:
808:
637:
487:
435:
207:
17:
4578:
4436:
4400:
4355:
4339:
4267:
4220:
4196:
4186:
4181:
3996:
3813:
3674:
3641:
3506:
3442:
3417:
3329:
3303:
3271:
3265:
3207:
3146:
3116:
2964:
1989:
1552:
1492:
1305:
754:
528:
517:
245:
2264:
2097:". Nennius stated that the emperor's inscribed tomb was still present in his day.
2666:
2473:
1851:
127:, although it was formerly—particularly in Latin—written as a separate word. The
4477:
4334:
4303:
4285:
4273:
4215:
4210:
4151:
4146:
4106:
4006:
3971:
3867:
3770:
3541:
3511:
3501:
3407:
3296:
3104:
2913:
2860:
1566:
774:
748:
718:
648:
428:
365:
188:
86:
1280:
were
Brittonic languages spoken in Scotland until around the 12th century, and
4502:
4482:
4322:
4294:
4225:
4101:
4056:
3986:
3906:
3803:
3708:
3648:
3607:
3585:
3536:
3482:
3432:
3427:
3412:
3371:
3319:
3277:
3222:
3064:
3027:
2980:
2300:
2102:
2036:
The
Historic King Arthur: Authenticating the Celtic Hero of Post-Roman Britain
1374:
1291:
1227:
1189:
1163:
1127:
1121:
1095:
1063:
1003:
990:
945:
913:("fort") was used in naming places. It also appears in Cornish place-names as
897:
863:
814:
804:
760:
742:
702:
686:
670:
622:
614:
609:
594:
550:
546:
535:
176:
3911:
3842:
3669:
3664:
3597:
3238:
3151:
3081:
3039:
2865:
2835:
2796:
2762:
2201:
2197:
2090:
1530:
1429:
1423:
1380:
1344:
1323:
1256:
1213:
1207:
1195:
1177:
1153:
1057:
1045:
921:
780:
706:
652:
579:
568:
561:
557:
513:
483:
472:
424:
395:
380:
328:
172:
1260:
Carriden House, a refurbished Roman fort which formerly formed part of the
299:
2668:
Pictish
Progress: New Studies on Northern Britain in the Early Middle Ages
34:
Placename element in Welsh meaning "stronghold", "fortress", or "citadel".
4395:
4390:
4315:
4156:
3874:
3849:
3832:
3762:
3703:
3631:
3624:
3467:
3355:
3229:
3049:
3044:
3020:
2948:
2928:
2908:
2875:
2119:
1017:
885:
841:
786:
630:
572:
439:
417:
413:
211:
85:
meaning "stronghold", "fortress", or "citadel", roughly equivalent to an
4527:
4492:
4487:
3825:
3808:
3793:
3777:
3729:
3657:
3602:
3592:
3560:
3462:
3437:
3422:
3192:
3136:
3054:
2901:
2894:
2840:
2250:
Collections
Historical & Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire
2204:. Instead, excavations have shown that Letocetum was located at nearby
2021:
1824:
1392:
1277:
1273:
1081:
1031:
875:
851:
835:
498:
461:
332:
292:
281:
45:, following the old Roman fortifications and rebuilt along Roman lines.
4532:
3886:
3452:
3390:
3334:
3312:
3289:
3282:
3158:
3141:
2973:
2805:
2787:
2757:
2665:
Hall, Mark A; Driscoll, Stephen T; Geddess, Jane (11 November 2010).
2299:
takes the name as a single construction "Caer-Pensa-Uel-Coyt" ("Fort
1350:
1141:
590:
264:
160:
124:
89:
4573:
4517:
4261:
3786:
3617:
3457:
2778:
2320:
1680:
1386:
1368:
1255:
696:
681:
298:
164:
36:
2712:
2425:
3555:
3397:
3364:
3339:
3121:
3090:
3069:
1725:
The
Development of Celtic Linguistics, 1850-1900: Celtic studies
2716:
1679:
More precisely, these
English placename elements derive from
1581:
135:, which is present in many Breton placenames as the prefix
2065:
On page 20 of
Stevenson's 1838 edition of Nennius's works.
2003:"Historia Brittonum" and Britain's Twenty-Eight Cities at
1956:
Lives of the
English Saints: St. German, Bishop of Auxerre
2451:. Bangor, Wales: University of Wales Press. p. 122.
1694:"), making them the more precise equivalent of the Welsh
2118:, who ascribed Nennius's "Caer-Custoeint" to one of the
237:
Note that the term is not believed to be related to the
2077:
cites another passage in
Nennius: "Here, says Nennius,
1958:, Ch. X: "Britain in 429, A. D.", p. 92.
1284:("fort") was a place-naming element in both languages.
1440:; "place of the hard fort" or "place of Caled's fort")
2449:
Enwau Lleoedd Môn : The Place-Names of Anglesey
975:
Carlatton, Cumberland ("Fort of the leek enclosure")
732:, is found in several place-names in Wales such as:
206:("fort in Arfon", the latter being a district name (
4546:
4470:
4414:
4348:
4234:
4139:
3949:
3860:
3576:
3569:
3001:
2750:
2221:; with regard to Mommsen, note the similarity with
1984:, translations and modern equivalents according to
1041:is also found in Welsh exonyms for English cities.
275:
claimed that there were 28 fortified Roman cities (
2192:, which was followed until the 19th century, when
159:("field, enclosed piece of land"). Although stone
2436:. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 355.
2038:, Ch. 7: "Camelot and Tintagel", p. 201
1644:Topographical Dictionary of the Dominion of Wales
2984:
1828:
71:
3546:
3492:
3310:
3156:
4201:
3931:
3760:
3736:
3353:
3344:
3301:
3025:
2821:
2812:
2728:
2588:(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011), s.v.
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
1648:W. Bulmer & Co. (London), 1811.
147:The term is thought to have derived from the
8:
4320:
4301:
4292:
4283:
3872:
3847:
3823:
3784:
3775:
3727:
3713:
3684:
3655:
3646:
3622:
3583:
3388:
3369:
3287:
3236:
3227:
3183:
3174:
3165:
3102:
3088:
3079:
2962:
2939:
2343:"How the suburbs of Cardiff got their names"
1896:
1894:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1670:Smith, Elder, & Co. (London), 1882.
1467:Caer Bronach and Caer Oswin from video game
2971:
2953:
2899:
2885:
2803:
2794:
2785:
2776:
2767:
2399:
2397:
2313:
2287:
2248:"A History of the Parish of Llanfyllin" in
2217:Both Ussher and Ford use the transcription
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1434:
1355:
1296:
1246:
1232:
1218:
1200:
1182:
1168:
1146:
1132:
1114:
1100:
1086:
1068:
1050:
1022:
1008:
983:
890:
856:
819:
791:
765:
285:) on the island, without listing them. The
224:
216:
200:
181:
3573:
2735:
2721:
2713:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1520:Caer Llyr and Caer Secaire from the novel
965:Carhullan, Westmorland ("Fort of Holland")
832:Caerrhun, Caernarfonshire ("Fort of Rhun")
230:, while the communities carry on the name
2565:"The Brittonic Language in the Old North"
2520:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2502:
1782:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia
1658:
1656:
1654:
210:) from "ar Fôn", "(land) opposite Môn or
2700:"Fife Place-name Data :: Kirkcaldy"
1288:Caerketton, Midlothian ("Fort of Catel")
745:, Montgomeryshire ("Fort on the Einion")
244:("city"), which is instead derived from
198:and its community were distinguished as
2632:
2630:
2628:
2607:Simon, Taylor; Markus, Gilbert (2006).
1820:
1818:
1722:Ebel, Hermann Wilhelm (April 6, 2001).
1686:("fortified post") and its plural form
1634:
1335:, Lanarkshire ("Fort of Saint Michael")
783:, Flintshire ("Fort of the crane-wood")
2602:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2447:Jones, Gwilym; Roberts, Tomos (1996).
1668:, Vol. XLV, pp. 419 ff.
2660:
2658:
2158:"The Problem of Caer Guorthigirn" at
1590:Kerrith, town mentioned in the novel
56:
7:
2637:Watson, W.J.; Taylor, Simon (2011).
2611:(Illustrated ed.). Shaun Tyas.
2472:Owen, Hywel Wyn (15 February 2015).
2101:credits this to Constantine, son of
1774:
1772:
1485:, according to the author's note in
1383:, Lanarkshire ("Fort of the Tarras")
1308:, Dumfriesshire ("Fort of Llywarch")
4127:Weapons Storage and Security System
2586:A Dictionary of British Place Names
1752:Sengoidelc: Old Irish for Beginners
777:, Anglesey ("Fort of the cockrell")
757:, Pembrokeshire ("Marchell's fort")
2639:The Celtic Place-Names of Scotland
2295:is Welsh for "woods" or "forest".
2254:. J. Russell Smith (London), 1870.
2089:) died; that is, near the town of
1953:Newman, John Henry & al.
1475:Caer Cadarn from the novel series
1377:, Dumfriesshire ("Fort of Rhodri")
1341:Carmurie, Fife ("Fort of the Sea")
952:, "Fort of the fist-sized stones")
838:, Montgomeryshire ("Susan's fort")
25:
2641:(reprint ed.). Birlinn LTD.
2225:, the Roman name for present-day
1573:Kaer Norvent from the video game
1564:Kaer Morhen and Kaer Trolde from
1326:, Renfrewshire ("Duμnwal's fort")
4626:
4625:
1808:Cited in the "Civitas" entry of
1749:Stifter, David (June 12, 2006).
1536:Caer Siorai from the video game
1504:Caer Darrow from the video game
1459:Caer Bocram from the video game
1361:; "Fort of the sluggish stream")
751:, Flintshire ("Afallach's fort")
656:
384:
1606:Monty Python and the Holy Grail
1347:, Angus ("Fort of the warrior")
327:Cair Caratauc ("Fort Rampart":
123:, caer is usually written as a
4653:Place name element etymologies
2341:Deacon, Thomas (29 May 2020).
2200:, thinking it to be the Roman
2005:Journal of Literary Onomastics
1836:
1544:Caer Xhan from the video game
1528:Caer Lyon from the video game
1402:Kair, Kincardineshire ("Fort")
1314:, Ayrshire ("Fort of Clewein")
508:Cair Legeion Guar Usic ("Fort
1:
4022:British "hedgehog" road block
2704:fife-placenames.glasgow.ac.uk
2478:. University of Wales Press.
2382:(Second and revised ed.)
1755:. Syracuse University Press.
621:Cair 'Pensa vel Coyt' ("Fort
179:, formerly known in Welsh as
2263:Roman Britain Organisation.
1967:James Toovey (London), 1844.
1846:Composed after AD 830.
1414:Keir, Stirlingshire ("Fort")
1405:Keir, Aberdeenshire ("Fort")
291:traditionally attributed to
4432:Cities with defensive walls
4017:Defensive fighting position
3932:
3737:
3547:
3493:
3354:
3345:
3311:
3302:
3157:
2572:Scottish Place Name Society
2252:, Vol. III, p. 59
2176:, Vol. XXX, Oct. 1886.
1446:, Dunbartonshire. Formerly
1426:, Angus ("Fort of Buiteoc")
1389:, Fife ("Fort of the rock")
312:Cair Brithon ("Fort of the
163:were largely introduced to
96:) now variously written as
4684:
2188:previously ascribed it to
1784:, Vol. I, p. 451
1664:"Casters and Chesters" in
1646:, "Glossary", p. xxx.
728:, sometimes anglicized as
689:derives its name from the
273:Saxon invasions of Britain
26:
4616:
4062:Hardened aircraft shelter
4037:Entry control point (ECP)
1976:Latin names according to
1765:– via Google Books.
1738:– via Google Books.
1709:Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru
1498:The Chronicles of Prydain
1411:, Dumfries-shire ("Fort")
968:Carrick, Northumberland (
187:from its position on the
4559:Continuity of government
2475:The Place-Names of Wales
2379:The Place-Names of Wales
2085:(the father probably of
1992:, or as otherwise noted.
1902:The 28 Cities of Britain
1728:. Taylor & Francis.
1512:Caer Dhú from the novel
1483:Cadbury Castle, Somerset
1329:Carleith, Dunbartonshire
938:Cardunneth, Cumberland (
807:, Caernarfonsire ("Fort
709:derived its name from a
482:Cair Guorthigirn ("Fort
121:modern Welsh orthography
4381:Motte-and-bailey castle
4087:Missile launch facility
4082:Main line of resistance
2777:
2609:The Place-names of Fife
2433:Encyclopædia Britannica
2376:Morgan, Thomas (1912).
1470:Dragon Age: Inquisition
1338:Carmuirs, Stirlingshire
1317:Carden, Fife. Formerly
1028:, "Fort of the Morini")
1000:, "Fort of the wether")
928:, "Fort of the wether")
844:, Monmouthshire ("Fort
155:and to be cognate with
72:
66:
4457:Military installations
4321:
4302:
4293:
4284:
4202:
3873:
3848:
3824:
3814:Scarp and Counterscarp
3785:
3776:
3761:
3728:
3714:
3685:
3656:
3647:
3623:
3584:
3389:
3370:
3288:
3237:
3228:
3184:
3175:
3166:
3103:
3089:
3080:
3026:
2985:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2940:
2900:
2886:
2822:
2813:
2804:
2795:
2786:
2768:
2314:
2288:
2033:Cited in Frank Reno's
1478:The Warlord Chronicles
1435:
1417:Keirhill, West Lothian
1367:, West Lothian ("Fort
1356:
1297:
1265:
1247:
1233:
1219:
1201:
1183:
1169:
1147:
1133:
1115:
1101:
1087:
1069:
1051:
1023:
1009:
984:
891:
857:
820:
792:
766:
721:
694:
556:Cair Luit Coyt ("Fort
371:Cair Custoeint ("Fort
308:
288:History of the Britons
280:
225:
217:
201:
182:
46:
4226:Floating water castle
3957:Admiralty scaffolding
3250:Fortified buildings (
2156:Veprauskas, Michael.
2139:ascribed this to the
2087:Constantine the Great
1911:" at Britannia. 2000.
1801:De Excidio Britanniae
1666:The Cornhill Magazine
1619:Gaer (disambiguation)
1515:The Sword of Rhiannon
1259:
1014:, "Fort of the wood")
996:Carmolt, Cumberland (
739:, Glamorgan ("Forts")
700:
685:
545:Cair Ligualid ("Fort
471:Cair Guiragon ("Fort
302:
40:
29:Caer (disambiguation)
4569:Subterranean warfare
3522:Viking ring fortress
1641:Carlisle, Nicholas.
1601:Rabbit of Caerbannog
1558:Chronicles of Narnia
1395:, Midlothian ("Fort
931:Cardew, Cumberland (
717:community along the
647:Cair Segeint ("Fort
585:Cair Meguaid ("Fort
387:a Devonian hillfort)
54:Welsh pronunciation:
27:For other uses, see
18:28 Cities of Britain
4386:Quadrangular castle
4122:Weapon storage area
3478:Quadrangular castle
2186:Henry of Huntington
2135:Although note that
2093:, or Custoient, in
1900:Ford, David Nash. "
771:, "Merlin's fort").
763:, Carmarthenshire (
608:Cair Mincip ("Fort
567:Cair Lundem ("Fort
534:Cair Lerion ("Fort
523:Cair Legion ("Fort
423:Cair Grauth ("Fort
412:Cair Ebrauc ("Fort
256:("fortification").
4117:Underground hangar
3902:Fire control tower
3699:Gunpowder magazine
3127:Butter-churn tower
2427:"Carmarthen"
2273:2007-04-01 at the
2246:Williams, Robert.
2229:, and the generic
1963:2016-03-21 at the
1907:2016-04-15 at the
1842:Historia Brittonum
1547:Breath of Fire III
1302:; "Fort Clearing")
1266:
1020:, Northumberland (
1006:, Northumberland (
962:, "Fort of hazel")
722:
695:
434:Cair Guent ("Fort
360:Cair Colun ("Fort
338:Cair Ceint ("Fort
309:
226:Castell Caernarfon
47:
41:The north gate of
4640:
4639:
4564:Military urbanism
4498:Fortified gateway
4371:Concentric castle
4135:
4134:
4052:Fire support base
3892:Coastal artillery
3767:(Spanish America)
3361:
3203:Concentric castle
2265:"Mediomanum?" at
2160:Vortigern Studies
1712:, vol. 1, p. 384.
1596:, set in Cornwall
1576:Final Fantasy XVI
1507:World of Warcraft
1462:Tales of Vesperia
1294:, Roxburghshire (
942:, "Dünǭd's fort")
693:Caernarfon Castle
518:Caerleon-upon-Usk
390:Cair Daun ("Fort
79:placename element
16:(Redirected from
4675:
4668:English suffixes
4629:
4628:
4622:
4513:National redoubt
4442:Fortified estate
4366:Circular rampart
4326:
4307:
4298:
4289:
4207:
3967:Anti-tank trench
3962:Air raid shelter
3937:
3897:Disappearing gun
3878:
3853:
3829:
3790:
3781:
3766:
3742:
3733:
3719:
3690:
3661:
3652:
3628:
3589:
3574:
3552:
3532:Bailey (or ward)
3498:
3403:Motte-and-bailey
3394:
3375:
3359:
3351:
3350:
3316:
3307:
3293:
3242:
3233:
3189:
3180:
3171:
3162:
3108:
3094:
3085:
3031:
2988:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2945:
2905:
2891:
2831:Circular rampart
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2662:
2653:
2652:
2634:
2623:
2622:
2604:
2589:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2569:
2560:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2401:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2373:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2338:
2332:
2317:
2293:
2284:
2278:
2261:
2255:
2244:
2238:
2215:
2209:
2183:
2177:
2170:
2164:
2154:
2148:
2133:
2127:
2112:
2106:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2057:
2047:
2041:
2031:
2025:
2015:
2009:
2001:Breeze, Andrew.
1999:
1993:
1974:
1968:
1951:
1912:
1898:
1855:
1852:Latin Wikisource
1849:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1813:
1807:
1797:
1791:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1746:
1740:
1739:
1719:
1713:
1705:
1699:
1677:
1671:
1660:
1649:
1639:
1438:
1359:
1300:
1250:
1236:
1222:
1204:
1186:
1172:
1156:", also Cornish
1150:
1136:
1118:
1104:
1090:
1072:
1054:
1026:
1012:
987:
894:
860:
823:
795:
769:
658:
617:
386:
228:
220:
204:
185:
167:by the invading
114:
108:
102:
75:
60:
55:
21:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4620:
4612:
4542:
4466:
4410:
4344:
4279:Imperial castle
4252:Coercion castle
4247:Coastal defence
4230:
4192:Promontory fort
4162:Hillside castle
4131:
4047:Fallout shelter
4012:Concertina wire
3992:Border security
3945:
3856:
3565:
3198:Coercion castle
3186:Cheval de frise
3168:Chemin de ronde
3016:Albarrana tower
2997:
2942:Schwedenschanze
2919:Promontory fort
2746:
2741:
2711:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2664:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2636:
2635:
2626:
2619:
2606:
2605:
2592:
2583:
2579:
2567:
2562:
2561:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2395:
2385:
2383:
2375:
2374:
2361:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2285:
2281:
2275:Wayback Machine
2262:
2258:
2245:
2241:
2216:
2212:
2184:
2180:
2171:
2167:
2155:
2151:
2145:Gloucestershire
2134:
2130:
2113:
2109:
2073:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2048:
2044:
2032:
2028:
2016:
2012:
2000:
1996:
1975:
1971:
1965:Wayback Machine
1952:
1915:
1909:Wayback Machine
1899:
1858:
1847:
1833:Theodor Mommsen
1823:
1816:
1805:
1798:
1794:
1777:
1770:
1763:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1702:
1678:
1674:
1661:
1652:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1615:
1487:The Winter King
1456:
1420:Keirs, Ayrshire
1271:
1120:, "Fort of the
972:, "vicus fort")
935:, "Black fort")
907:
882:, "white fort")
872:, Pembrokeshire
680:
613:
578:Cair Maunguid (
450:Cair Guinntguic
349:Cair Celemion (
303:Roman Britain (
262:
145:
110:
104:
98:
58:[kɑːɨr]
53:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4681:
4679:
4671:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4658:Welsh toponymy
4655:
4645:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4609:
4608:
4598:
4596:Trench warfare
4593:
4591:Tunnel warfare
4588:
4587:
4586:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4447:Fortifications
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4411:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4352:
4350:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4299:
4290:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4264:
4259:
4257:Counter-castle
4254:
4249:
4244:
4242:Border barrier
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4177:Lowland castle
4174:
4169:
4167:Hilltop castle
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4042:Electric fence
4039:
4034:
4032:Dragon's teeth
4029:
4027:Czech hedgehog
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3941:Wire obstacles
3938:
3929:
3927:Polygonal fort
3924:
3919:
3917:Martello tower
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3882:Border outpost
3879:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3768:
3758:
3756:Polygonal fort
3753:
3748:
3743:
3734:
3725:
3720:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3653:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3580:
3578:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3367:
3362:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3308:
3299:
3294:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3248:
3246:Flanking tower
3243:
3234:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3213:Counter-castle
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3100:
3095:
3086:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3007:
3005:
3003:Post-classical
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2993:Vitrified fort
2990:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2946:
2937:
2932:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2897:
2892:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2851:Defensive wall
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2744:Fortifications
2742:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2710:
2709:
2691:
2677:
2654:
2647:
2624:
2617:
2590:
2577:
2498:
2484:
2464:
2457:
2439:
2417:
2393:
2359:
2333:
2327:: "Cair Pensa
2279:
2256:
2239:
2210:
2178:
2165:
2149:
2128:
2107:
2095:Carnarvonshire
2067:
2058:
2042:
2026:
2010:
1994:
1980:'s edition of
1969:
1913:
1856:
1814:
1810:Celtic Culture
1792:
1768:
1761:
1741:
1734:
1714:
1700:
1672:
1662:Allen, Grant.
1650:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1626:
1624:Welsh toponymy
1621:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1603:from the film
1597:
1588:
1579:
1571:
1562:
1550:
1542:
1539:Death's Gambit
1534:
1526:
1523:The Dark World
1518:
1510:
1502:
1490:
1473:
1465:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1441:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1390:
1384:
1378:
1372:
1362:
1353:, Perthshire (
1348:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1289:
1270:
1267:
1254:
1253:
1239:
1225:
1211:
1193:
1175:
1161:
1139:
1125:
1107:
1093:
1079:
1061:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1015:
1001:
994:
981:, Cumberland (
976:
973:
966:
963:
958:, Cumberland (
953:
948:, Cumberland (
943:
936:
929:
924:, Cumberland (
906:
903:
902:
901:
883:
873:
867:
849:
839:
833:
830:
812:
802:
784:
778:
772:
758:
752:
746:
740:
679:
676:
675:
674:
663:
645:
634:
619:
606:
583:
576:
565:
554:
543:
532:
521:
506:
497:Cair Guricon (
495:
480:
469:
447:
432:
421:
410:
401:Cair Draitou (
399:
388:
369:
358:
347:
336:
325:
261:
258:
144:
141:
131:equivalent is
43:Cardiff Castle
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4680:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4633:
4632:
4619:
4618:
4615:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4602:
4601:Urban warfare
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4585:
4582:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4554:Civil defense
4552:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4422:Bastion forts
4420:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4407:
4406:Z-plan castle
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4376:L-plan castle
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:Bridge castle
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4330:Refuge castle
4328:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4311:Military base
4309:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Hunting lodge
4272:
4270:
4269:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4187:Moated castle
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4172:Island castle
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:By topography
4138:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4112:Submarine pen
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4067:Hesco bastion
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3982:Blast shelter
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3751:Place-of-arms
3749:
3747:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3384:Machicolation
3382:
3380:
3379:L-plan castle
3377:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3306:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3112:Bridge castle
3110:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3075:Bent entrance
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Battery tower
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3011:Advanced work
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2936:
2935:Refuge castle
2933:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2733:
2731:
2726:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2680:
2678:9789004188013
2674:
2670:
2669:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2650:
2648:9781906566357
2644:
2640:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2620:
2618:9781900289771
2614:
2610:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2584:A. D. Mills,
2581:
2578:
2573:
2566:
2563:James, Alan.
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2487:
2485:9781783161669
2481:
2477:
2476:
2468:
2465:
2460:
2458:0-904567-71-0
2454:
2450:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2421:
2418:
2406:
2405:"Place Names"
2400:
2398:
2394:
2381:
2380:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2348:
2344:
2337:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:Roman Britain
2260:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2196:placed it at
2195:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:Bishop Ussher
2132:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2075:Bishop Ussher
2071:
2068:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2018:Bishop Ussher
2014:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1843:
1834:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1783:
1780:"Civitas" in
1775:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1762:9780815630722
1758:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1742:
1737:
1735:9780415226998
1731:
1727:
1726:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1692:military camp
1689:
1685:
1682:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1667:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1645:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1586:Breton legend
1583:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:Caerpentaloch
1445:
1444:Kirkintilloch
1442:
1439:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1262:Antonine Wall
1258:
1251:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1005:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
988:
986:
980:
977:
974:
971:
967:
964:
961:
957:
954:
951:
947:
944:
941:
937:
934:
930:
927:
923:
920:
919:
918:
916:
912:
904:
899:
895:
893:
887:
884:
881:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
861:
859:
854:, Glamorgan (
853:
850:
847:
843:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
824:
822:
817:, Glamorgan (
816:
813:
810:
806:
803:
800:
796:
794:
789:, Glamorgan (
788:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
768:
762:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
735:
734:
733:
731:
727:
720:
716:
712:
708:
705:now known as
704:
699:
692:
688:
684:
677:
672:
668:
665:Cair Urnarc (
664:
661:
654:
650:
646:
643:
639:
635:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
611:
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
581:
577:
574:
570:
566:
563:
559:
555:
552:
548:
544:
541:
537:
533:
530:
526:
522:
519:
515:
511:
507:
504:
500:
496:
493:
489:
488:Little Doward
485:
481:
478:
474:
470:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
448:
445:
441:
437:
433:
430:
426:
422:
419:
415:
411:
408:
404:
400:
397:
393:
389:
382:
378:
374:
370:
367:
363:
359:
356:
352:
348:
345:
341:
337:
334:
330:
326:
323:
319:
315:
311:
310:
306:
301:
297:
294:
290:
289:
284:
283:
278:
274:
270:
266:
259:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
240:
235:
233:
229:
227:
221:
219:
213:
209:
208:Cantref Arfon
205:
203:
202:Caer yn Arfon
197:
194:
190:
186:
184:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
142:
140:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
115:
113:
107:
101:
95:
91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
74:
68:
64:
59:
51:
44:
39:
30:
19:
4624:
4579:Siege engine
4547:Other topics
4471:Related word
4437:Defense line
4401:Tower castle
4356:Bastion fort
4340:Urban castle
4268:Ganerbenburg
4266:
4221:Water castle
4197:Ridge castle
4182:Marsh castle
3997:Bomb shelter
3977:Belgian gate
3950:20th century
3861:19th century
3799:Retrenchment
3771:Punji sticks
3680:Entrenchment
3675:Device Forts
3642:Counterguard
3577:Early modern
3507:Tower castle
3443:Powder tower
3418:Outer bailey
3330:Inner bailey
3304:Gulyay-gorod
3272:Ganerbenburg
3270:
3266:Fujian tulou
3208:Corner tower
3147:Chamber gate
3131:
3117:Bridge tower
2965:Trou de loup
2703:
2694:
2682:. Retrieved
2667:
2638:
2608:
2585:
2580:
2571:
2489:. Retrieved
2474:
2467:
2448:
2442:
2431:
2420:
2408:. Retrieved
2384:. Retrieved
2378:
2350:. Retrieved
2347:Wales Online
2346:
2336:
2328:
2324:
2312:
2286:
2282:
2266:
2259:
2249:
2242:
2234:
2218:
2213:
2181:
2173:
2168:
2159:
2152:
2131:
2122:kings named
2110:
2091:Cair Segeint
2070:
2061:
2052:, following
2045:
2035:
2029:
2013:
2004:
1997:
1972:
1955:
1841:
1809:
1804:, § 3.
1799:
1795:
1788:Sta. Barbara
1786:. ABC-CLIO (
1781:
1751:
1744:
1724:
1717:
1707:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1665:
1643:
1637:
1604:
1591:
1574:
1570:novel series
1565:
1561:novel series
1556:
1553:Cair Paravel
1545:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1501:novel series
1496:
1493:Caer Dallben
1486:
1476:
1468:
1460:
1447:
1433:
1354:
1318:
1306:Caerlaverock
1298:Caerllanerch
1295:
1281:
1272:
1264:in Scotland.
1245:
1231:
1217:
1202:Caerlwytgoed
1199:
1181:
1167:
1157:
1145:
1131:
1113:
1099:
1085:
1067:
1049:
1038:
1037:
1021:
1007:
997:
985:Caerliwelydd
982:
969:
959:
949:
939:
932:
925:
914:
910:
908:
889:
888:, Anglesey (
879:
878:, Anglesey (
855:
818:
790:
764:
755:Caerfarchell
729:
725:
724:The element
723:
711:latinization
642:Builth Wells
636:Cair Peris (
286:
263:
253:
249:
246:Proto-Celtic
241:
236:
231:
223:
215:
199:
191:; the later
180:
156:
152:
146:
136:
132:
118:
111:
105:
99:
93:
70:
49:
48:
4478:Castle town
4335:Toll castle
4304:Lustschloss
4286:Kaiserpfalz
4216:Spur castle
4211:Rock castle
4152:Hill castle
4147:Cave castle
4107:Spider hole
4007:Bremer wall
3972:Barbed tape
3868:Barbed wire
3542:Witch tower
3512:Tower house
3502:Toll castle
3488:Shield wall
3408:Murder hole
3297:Guard tower
2914:Pincer gate
2861:Faussebraye
2124:Constantine
2079:Constantius
2054:John Leland
2020:argued for
1567:The Witcher
1436:Caercaledin
1248:Caerwrangon
1170:Caerhirfryn
775:Caergeiliog
767:Caerfyrddin
749:Caerfallwch
719:Afon Seiont
377:Constantine
373:Constantius
322:Strathclyde
183:Caer Seiont
87:Old English
4647:Categories
4503:Gatekeeper
4323:Ordensburg
4295:Landesburg
4102:Sentry gun
4057:Flak tower
3987:Blast wall
3907:Gun turret
3804:Sally port
3709:Kotta mara
3649:Couvreface
3613:Breastwork
3608:Blockhouse
3586:Abwurfdach
3537:Watchtower
3527:Wall tower
3483:Shell keep
3433:Portcullis
3428:Peel tower
3413:Neck ditch
3372:Landesburg
3320:Half tower
3278:Gate tower
3223:Drawbridge
3065:Battlement
2981:Wagon fort
2824:Chengqiang
2303:"), while
2301:Penselwood
2103:Saint Elen
1850:Hosted at
1848:(in Latin)
1806:(in Latin)
1630:References
1454:In fiction
1375:Carruthers
1333:Carmichael
1292:Caerlanrig
1228:Winchester
1220:Caersallog
1128:Gloucester
1102:Caerfuddai
1096:Chichester
1064:Canterbury
1052:Caergrawnt
1034:, Cornwall
1004:Carrycoats
950:Caerdwrnog
946:Cardurnock
940:Caerdunawd
815:Caerphilly
805:Caernarfon
761:Carmarthen
743:Caereinion
703:Roman fort
687:Caernarfon
671:Dorchester
660:Silchester
653:Caernarfon
638:Porchester
623:Penselwood
610:Municipium
595:Llanfyllin
587:Mediolanum
580:Manchester
492:Carmarthen
458:Winchester
444:Winchester
381:Caernarfon
366:Colchester
355:Silchester
344:Canterbury
177:Caernarfon
173:Roman fort
4606:Guerrilla
4349:By design
4097:Revetment
3912:Land mine
3843:Star fort
3670:Crownwork
3665:Covertway
3598:Barricade
3239:Embrasure
3152:Chartaque
3082:Bergfried
3040:Arrowslit
2866:Gatehouse
2836:City gate
2797:Castellum
2763:Acropolis
2671:. Brill.
2323:word for
2237:, "lake".
2202:Letocetum
2198:Lichfield
2141:Cambridge
2120:Dumnonian
1584:(Ys), of
1555:from the
1531:Wizard101
1481:- set in
1430:Kirkcaldy
1424:Kirkbuddo
1381:Carstairs
1345:Carmyllie
1324:Cardonald
1242:Worcester
1214:Salisbury
1208:Grey Wood
1196:Lichfield
1178:Leicester
1164:Lancaster
1092:, "Fort")
1070:Caergaint
1046:Cambridge
1024:Caerferin
1010:Caerycoed
998:Caermollt
991:Luguwalos
926:Caermollt
821:Caerffili
793:Caerllion
781:Caergwrle
707:Segontium
691:Edwardian
631:Ilchester
615:St Albans
569:Londinium
558:Grey Wood
547:Luguwalos
540:Leicester
484:Vortigern
477:Worcester
473:Weorgoran
429:Cambridge
396:Doncaster
329:Salisbury
318:Dumbarton
218:Segontiwm
193:Edwardian
149:Brittonic
143:Etymology
63:Old Welsh
4663:Prefixes
4631:Category
4621:See also
4508:Loophole
4396:Ringwork
4391:Ringfort
4316:Obstacle
4157:Hillfort
4077:Loophole
3875:Barbette
3850:Tenaille
3833:Sea fort
3763:Presidio
3723:Magazine
3704:Hornwork
3637:Cavalier
3632:Casemate
3625:Caponier
3468:Ringwork
3356:Detinets
3325:Hoarding
3230:Enceinte
3105:Bretèche
3050:Bartizan
3045:Barbican
3021:Alcazaba
2949:Stockade
2929:Ringfort
2909:Palisade
2881:Landwehr
2876:Hillfort
2271:Archived
2208:instead.
1961:Archived
1905:Archived
1790:), 2006.
1613:See also
1432:, Fife (
1365:Carriden
1357:Caerpwll
1319:Cardenni
1312:Carcluie
1269:Scotland
1252: )
1238: )
1234:Caerwynt
1224: )
1206:, "Fort
1188:, "Fort
1174: )
1152:, "Fort
1148:Caerwysg
1138: )
1134:Caerloyw
1116:Caerweir
1106: )
1074:, "Fort
1056:, "Fort
1018:Carvoran
989:, "Fort
979:Carlisle
960:Caergoll
922:Caermote
896:, "Fort
892:Caergybi
886:Holyhead
862:, "Fort
858:Caerdydd
842:Caerwent
825:, "Fort
797:, "Fort
787:Caerleon
667:Wroxeter
551:Carlisle
503:Wroxeter
440:Caerwent
212:Anglesey
112:-chester
94:-ceaster
4538:Vedette
4528:Schloss
4493:Festung
4488:Dungeon
4483:Château
4427:Castles
4235:By role
4092:Pillbox
3922:Outpost
3838:Station
3826:Schanze
3809:Sandbag
3794:Redoubt
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