569:. On 1 July, Rommel's forces launched a determined assault on the Alamein line, and on 7 July the 9th Division was ordered to launch a counter-attack. As part of this plan, the 2/48th was ordered to traverse the coastline and capture the Trig 33 ridge north of the "Tel el Eisa" station, commencing their attack shortly before dawn on 10 July. After an initial artillery bombardment that disrupted the Italian troops, the main objective of the attack (Trig 33) was captured and 400 Italians were taken prisoner. The 2/48th then advanced south and captured Tel el Eisa station, which was successfully defended against a number of Axis counter-attacks. On 22 July, the battalion was ordered to capture West Point 24 on the Tel El Eisa ridge which was held by heavily entrenched Axis forces. However, after initial success, the 2/48th came under heavy artillery and mortar fire and was forced to withdraw, having suffered over 100 casualties. For actions during this attack, Private
874:, the 2/48th was in the first wave of the attack, leading the brigade in at 07:15 hours, landing on Red Beach, on the left flank of the lodgement, 2 miles (3.2 km) from Tarakan town on the western side of the island, with the 2/23rd on their right. The preliminary bombardment had been successful, and as the battalion came ashore they were largely unopposed, allowing the landing craft to get in close to the shore. Pushing inland, the 2/48th had secured its primary objectives by 08:38 hours. The right forward company took sporadic fire as it secured the oil tanks, while the battalion's left hand company was able to capture the bridge over the Sibengkok River and the high feature overlooking the landing beach without meeting any resistance.
499:, the 9th Division ended up defending the fortress for over eight months before being gradually withdrawn. The defensive system at Tobruk consisted of several lines: the outer position consisted of scattered perimeter posts and reserve company positions and was dubbed the "Red Line", while the secondary defence system, which was about 2 miles (3.2 km) behind the "Red Line", was dubbed the "Blue Line". During this time the battalion alternated between occupying part of the main defence line, working in the rear areas, and conducting patrols. In mid-April, while the battalion was stationed in the western sector, these patrols resulted in the battalion capturing virtually the entire 1st Battalion of the
38:
507:, the raid caught the defenders by surprise, resulting in the capture of over 360 more Italians, as well as large quantities of weapons and vehicles for only light casualties. In late May, a 2/48th patrol snuck out from the perimeter overnight, and evading German patrols, pushed 5 miles (8.0 km) south, where they set up an ambush and laid a series of land mines along a bypass track that was being used by German supply lorries, two of which were subsequently destroyed. In July, the battalion moved to the Bardia road sector, opposite the Italians. By October, the majority of the 9th Division, including the 2/48th Battalion, was withdrawn by sea as the
886:. Here they experienced their heaviest losses of the campaign, losing six killed and 26 wounded during the three assaults up the steep slopes of the feature. Their next major engagement came in late May when the 2/48th took part in fighting around Freda Ridge as part of the drive on the main Japanese position around Fukukaku. A company-level attack was put in and after stiff resistance the ridge was captured. The following morning, as the battalion waited for a Japanese counterattack, Tom Derrick, who had played a key role in capturing the position the previous day, was mortally wounded. He subsequently died on 24 May 1945.
515:
612:
position when he too was killed. Overall, the 2/48th suffered a further 344 casualties in the period 23 October to 5 November 1942 with 85 men killed, 13 dying of their wounds and 243 wounded. These losses resulted in the battalion being withdrawn from the line just as the battle reached its climax in early
November. As the Allies went on the advance, the battalion moved back to Tel el Eisa, during which time it was slowly rebuilt as men who had been wounded were returned to unit, or replaced by reinforcements; this process would continue into the new year.
222:
813:, on the Atherton Tablelands in April 1944. During this time the composition of the units of the 9th Division underwent significant changes as many men were discharged for medical reasons or transferred to other units and young replacements were brought in; many of the battalion's original members had been struck down by sickness during the fighting in New Guinea. A long period of training followed during which the battalion undertook a number of exercises, including amphibious operations with British
210:
712:. This was the first large-scale amphibious landing conducted by the Australian forces since the landings at Gallipoli in 1915, and the battalion, along with the rest of the 26th Brigade, landed on Red Beach, about 10 miles (16 km) north-west of Lae. They subsequently advanced westwards, and on 14 September captured Malahang airstrip. Following the fall of Lae to the 7th Division—which had advanced from
600:
important coast road. By the end of the month, the battalion had been heavily depleted. Having started with nearly 700 men in the line, after a week of fighting, the battalion could field only 41 fit men. As a result, the 26th
Brigade was rotated out of the line just before the final German counterattack was repulsed, allowing the Allies to launch the final breakout phase of the operation.
376:, a unit which had served during the First World War before being raised as a Militia formation in 1921. These colours were white over dark blue, in a circle shape, although a diamond-shaped border of gray was added to the UCP to distinguish the battalion from its Militia counterpart; this was later changed, though, following the unit's involvement in the fighting at
740:, the site of an abandoned Lutheran mission. The newly arrived 26th Brigade was chosen to lead the assault as it was fresher than the division's other brigades. The main advance began on 17 November, although the battalion took part in a preliminary attack on Green Ridge the previous day in order to secure the start line for the advance. Pushing north-west from
878:
battalion began taking fire from the east. Forward momentum was maintained, although the 2/48th suffered a number of casualties, and by the end of the day a 2,000-yard (1,800 m) by 2,800-yard (2,600 m) beachhead had been established, and the battalion had companies on
Collins Highway ridge, one on the "Parks" feature and another at "Finch".
859:
577:(VC) after he captured a machine-gun post and bayoneted the gun crew that was firing on his company, and then went on to capture a second post before being killed while taking a third. In total, the 2/48th suffered 215 casualties in the period 7 July to 23 October 1942, with 64 men killed, six dying of their wounds and 125 wounded.
756:
grenades that were lobbed from the
Japanese position above, and finding it almost impossible to move up the hill which had a gradient of between 45 and 60 degrees, the attack appeared in danger of failure as light began to fade and ammunition ran low. However, the actions of one of the company's platoon commanders, Sergeant
674:. Warfare in the Pacific posed unique problems and differed greatly to that which the 2/48th had experienced in North Africa. In the jungles of New Guinea logistics and transport were significant challenges and in order to meet them, the battalion's size was reduced by over 100 men, to around 800, as its anti-aircraft and
752:, the 2/48th began the drive towards Sattleberg. In difficult terrain and against stubborn Japanese defence, the advance made slow progress, nevertheless by 22 November Steeple Tree Hill was captured and the battalion reached the southern slopes of the Sattelberg feature, about 600 yards (550 m) from its summit.
729:
2306:
760:, reinvigorated the attack. Laying his sections down to provide covering fire, he went forward alone armed with a rifle and a quantity of grenades, attacking the Japanese positions as he went. In the end he accounted for 10 such posts, before the attack was halted 100 yards (91 m) from the summit.
903:
began, its numbers dwindled as long-serving men were repatriated back to
Australia, while others with only limited service were transferred to other units for further service. Finally, on 25 October 1945, while still on Tarakan, the battalion was disbanded. The occasion was marked by a small ceremony
889:
In June, major combat operations on the island ceased and the
Australians began the mopping up phase of the campaign as the Australians sought to clear isolated pockets of Japanese troops that had evaded capture. These operations continued into July. During this time, the 2/48th was assigned a sector
881:
Over the course of the next couple of days, Japanese resistance to the
Australian advance increased. After the Australians secured the island's airfield and the low ground along the west coast, throughout May and into June significant engagements took place in the hills surrounding Tarakan town. On 2
755:
On 24 November, the 2/48th's 'C' Company carried out a surprise attack on the position from the south-east. Crossing Siki Creek, the company stepped off shortly before 17:30 hours and reached the base of a steep cliff, from where they began their assault on the summit. Held up by machine gun fire and
471:
to the strategically important port town of Tobruk. In early April, the 2/48th fell back as part of the general retreat, setting up a blocking position around Tmimi during the withdrawal to prevent a German force cutting the division's route along the coast road. After eight days of constant movement
645:
in mid-February, where the small number of
Western Australian personnel disembarked to begin their home leave. The rest of the battalion continued on to Port Melbourne, before moving to Adelaide by rail. In late March, after the South Australian personnel had completed their leave, the battalion was
678:
platoons were disbanded, while each of the battalion's four rifle companies lost most of their organic motor transport; the mobility issue would be solved by marching on foot as vehicles were relatively useless in dense jungle, while supplies would be brought up using native carriers as well as by
877:
Advancing inland, the
Japanese pillboxes that had fired on the right forward company were secured after they were abandoned by the defenders. A company was then sent along the Anzac Highway to secure Collins Highway ridge. By 13:40 hours the western end of the ridge had been secured, however, the
898:
Following the end of hostilities in August, the battalion remained on
Tarakan to undertake garrison duties. During this time it undertook patrol operations to bring in the various pockets of Japanese troops who had not learned of the surrender; these were dangerous operations and in an effort to
767:
upon which the Sattelberg mission was situated, as fresh supplies were brought up from the rear. The attack was resumed at 08:35 hours the next day, supported by heavy artillery and mortar fire, however, as the 2/48th crested the ridge they found the position unoccupied, with the Japanese having
724:
in late October in order to reinforce the 20th Brigade, which had landed the month previous in an effort to follow up troops withdrawing from Lae, before coming under heavy Japanese counterattack. During this time the battalion took part in repelling an attempted landing at Scarlet Beach, as the
611:
earned the battalion's third VC on 25 October in the same area as Kibby. His platoon had been reduced to seven men by enemy fire so Gratwick charged the nearest enemy position of his own volition. He killed the occupants, destroyed the post with grenades and was proceeding to neutralise another
599:
to avoid encirclement. The 2/48th Battalion was engaged around Tel el Eisa, on the right of the Allied line near the coast, during this period, as the 20th and 26th Brigades pushed westwards and then endured numerous counterattacks as the Germans sought to regain control of the strategically
919:
According to the Australian War Memorial the 2/48th Battalion was "Australia's highest decorated unit of the Second World War". Four members of the battalion received the Victoria Cross, three of them posthumously. Other decorations awarded to members of the 2/48th included: four
791:
arrived to relieve them. In January, the battalion camped around the Dallman River before being withdrawn back to Finschhafen, camping around the Song River. In February 1944, the 2/48th was withdrawn back to Australia along with the 9th Division. Sailing aboard an American
2324:
890:
near the Pamusian River on the eastern coast, as well as Tarakan town and the centre of the island. The battalion's involvement in the Borneo campaign resulted in 174 casualties, including 37 killed and nine died of wounds or from accident.
503:, totalling nearly 800 officers and men. Later that month, the 2/48th took part in a daylight raid on a hill opposite their perimeter, behind which the Italians were massing artillery, tanks and infantry. Supported by British tanks from the
848:, the battalion arrived on Morotai later in the month, where the battalion undertook a series of manoeuvres, exercising with armour and at night, to prepare them for the coming campaign. On 22 April, the battalion embarked upon
800:
before personnel marched out for a long period of home leave. During its time in New Guinea, the battalion had suffered 125 casualties, of which 36 were killed, three died of wounds, eight died of illness and 77 were wounded.
368:. At the end of August, a large draft of recruits arrived from the 2nd Infantry Training Depot, and rudimentary individual training was undertaken in the nearby park lands. The colours initially chosen for the battalion's
768:
abandoned it the previous night. For his actions the previous day, Derrick was given the honour of raising the Australian flag over the mission and was later awarded a Victoria Cross—the battalion's fourth—to go with the
646:
re-constituted. At that time, a series of parades were held in every Australian capital city to welcome home the 9th Division; the 2/48th marched through Adelaide. After this, the 2/48th were transported to the
391:. These companies were supported by a battalion headquarters and a headquarters company with six specialist platoons: signals, pioneer, anti-aircraft, transport, administrative and mortars. Forming part of the
2799:
900:
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he had received for actions during the fighting around El Alamein. Later, Derrick was sent to an Officer Training Unit, after which he was commissioned and, returned to the battalion as a
916:. During the course of the war a total of 2,838 men served with the 2/48th Battalion, of whom 343 men were killed in action or died on active service, 675 were wounded, and 20 captured.
315:, which was its final involvement in the war. It was disbanded in October 1945 and is considered to be Australia's most highly decorated unit of the war, with four members receiving the
415:, in October. The following month, the battalion marched through the city of Adelaide prior to its deployment overseas, and shortly afterwards embarked for North Africa. Entraining at
584:
364:. The battalion's headquarters staff began arriving early in the month, with many of the key personnel having served previously in South Australian Militia units, including the
607:
for actions across a one-week period. Kibby had charged several Axis positions and was subsequently killed attacking an enemy position with grenades on 31 October. Private
42:
Troops from 'C' Company, 2/48th Battalion advance alongside Matilda tanks from the 2/9th Armoured Regiment during the attack on the "Sykes" feature on Tarakan in April 1945
451:, in Palestine. At Dimra, the battalion joined the rest of the 26th Brigade for the first time, and undertook further training until March 1941. At this time, it moved to
619:
in Palestine on 3 December. Since the previous October, the Australian government had sought to bring the division back to Australia in order to use it against the
383:
With an authorised strength of around 900 personnel, like other Australian infantry battalions of the time, the battalion was formed around a nucleus of four rifle
463:. Shortly after this, the Germans landed forces in Africa to reinforce the Italians and as the Axis went on the offensive, the British and Commonwealth forces in
1069:
The numerical designation of 2nd AIF units was prefixed by "2/", which was used to set them apart from Militia units with corresponding numerical designations.
720:. Initially, only one brigade was committed to the operation, and so the 2/48th Battalion remained around Lae until the 26th Brigade was transported by sea to
882:
May, the 2/48th captured Lyons Ridge, before pressing on towards Tarakan Hill, where they assaulted the "Sykes" feature supported by Matilda tanks from the
2789:
511:
arrived to take over the garrison. Overall, the 2/48th suffered 160 casualties at Tobruk, including 38 men killed and another 18 who died of their wounds.
779:
Following the capture of Sattelberg, the 2/48th continued the advance north along with the rest of the 26th Brigade, pushing on over difficult terrain to
1007:
663:
492:
2270:
603:
For their actions during this offensive two members of the 2/48th were awarded Victoria Crosses. The battalion's second VC was awarded to Sergeant
2203:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945, Series 1—Army. Vol. VII (1st ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial.
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
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in order to train and rest, and to undertake garrison duties as part of the Allied occupation force that had been established their following the
508:
2184:. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 1—Army. Vol. I (1st ed.). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian War Memorial.
627:, had finally agreed to provide the necessary shipping. Following a divisional parade at Gaza, the 2/48th Battalion embarked upon the troopship
684:
1078:
During the planning stage, the Australian staff had named a number of hills and features in order to make passing orders and planning simpler.
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in the Pacific, along with the 6th and 7th Divisions which had been withdrawn the year before, and on 15 December the British prime minister,
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2344:
2318:
2295:
2251:
2232:
2165:
2126:
2087:
2068:
2046:
909:
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was forced to withdraw towards the Alamein line. In response, the 9th Division was transported south from Syria, and hurriedly committed to
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
913:
883:
828:. Finally, following more than a year training in Australia the battalion was committed to its final deployment of the war, moving to
311:. Following this it was withdrawn to Australia, where it remained for over a year. In mid-1945, the 2/48th Battalion took part in the
899:
reduce casualties, the patrols went out with several Japanese prisoners to help talk their former comrades into surrendering. As the
749:
357:
37:
487:
The 2/48th first entered Tobruk's defences on 9 April 1941 with the rest of the 9th Division commanded by Lieutenant General
1087:
Johnston's figures vary slightly from those of the AWM, which are: four VCs, four DSOs, 11 MCs, 10 DCMs, 23 MMs and 39 MIDs.
591:. Montgomery then began preparing for an Allied offensive against the Axis forces that were now entrenching themselves. The
500:
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2682:
2677:
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2615:
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2598:
2593:
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2576:
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2514:
2502:
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562:
400:
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2435:
2423:
2418:
2413:
1003:
921:
769:
592:
419:, after undertaking a 4.5-mile (7.2 km) route march in full equipment, the battalion embarked upon the troopship
277:
135:
531:
360:(2nd AIF), the 2/48th Battalion was formed specifically for service overseas and recruited mainly from the state of
995:
905:
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in retreat and the battalion's involvement in combat operations on the peninsula came to an end as troops from the
566:
373:
365:
353:
273:
130:
20:
709:
296:
147:
2114:
1962:
904:
at Tarakan involving the unit's remaining members. The battalion's equipment was transferred to the newly raised
655:
628:
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2667:
2645:
2637:
2610:
2588:
2566:
2558:
2531:
2509:
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2452:
2430:
2408:
2400:
1031:
833:
788:
539:
456:
416:
408:
404:
392:
312:
265:
261:
257:
164:
99:
95:
2388:
716:
as part of the two-pronged assault—on 16 September, the Allies hurriedly launched a follow-up campaign on the
514:
1019:
956:
933:
776:; this was a departure from usual Army policy and was the result of intensive lobbying on Derrick's behalf.
717:
588:
535:
504:
384:
349:
308:
152:
1027:
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991:
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979:
837:
477:
455:, along with the rest of the 9th Division, to undertake further training in the desert and to relieve the
159:
120:
2056:
1015:
1011:
810:
587:
took over command of the British Eighth Army and he succeeded in preventing the Axis advance during the
300:
736:
After the Japanese counteroffensive was defeated in late October 1943, Australian attention turned to
407:
during its initial training period but was later transferred with the rest of the 26th Brigade to the
2136:
1023:
822:
737:
337:
304:
797:
496:
281:
221:
142:
1056:
The establishment of a standard infantry battalion was 35 officers and 875 other ranks. Under the
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695:
680:
647:
581:
523:
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started on 23 October and finished on 7 November with Axis forces withdrawing westwards towards
443:
in mid-December 1940. Upon arrival in the Middle East, the battalion briefly occupied a camp at
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2144:
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2042:
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713:
675:
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624:
412:
369:
201:
411:. After pre-embarkation leave, the battalion undertook three weeks of collective training at
662:. In April 1943, the battalion was re-organised and re-trained for jungle operations in the
460:
189:
704:
where they undertook further amphibious training, before taking part in the landing around
1302:
1057:
983:
949:
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as part of their final preparations before being committed to the fighting in New Guinea.
671:
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488:
473:
361:
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269:
253:
245:
209:
185:
125:
67:
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2216:
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and destroying the Japanese garrison and the assault began on 1 May 1945. Embarking on
867:
829:
783:, where they arrived on 8 December. Following this, the Japanese began to fall back to
728:
705:
608:
574:
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through the desert, the battalion reached the port. They subsequently took part in the
316:
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in 1941 when it was deployed to the Middle East. While there, it saw action during the
2061:
Bravery Above Blunder: The 9th Australian Division at Finschhafen, Sattelberg, and Sio
2783:
2332:
814:
784:
700:, after arriving in New Guinea in early August, the 2/48th established a camp around
688:
481:
2119:
That Magnificent 9th: An Illustrated History of the 9th Australian Division 1940–46
793:
558:
550:
2383:
2261:
Morgan, Joseph (2018). "The Australian 26th Infantry Brigade During World War 2".
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2179:
518:
Members of the 2/48th Battalion manning a defensive position around Tobruk in 1941
1213:
855:, practicing beach landings for a week before setting sail for their objective.
757:
721:
570:
546:
2313:. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Army History Unit. pp. 86–101.
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2034:
773:
741:
667:
651:
604:
554:
444:
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288:
2278:
2106:
1957:
1173:
670:. Undertaking training on the Tablelands, the battalion was converted to the
2189:
701:
642:
616:
241:
2208:
2148:
908:, along with a draft of volunteers for occupation duties in Japan with the
553:, crossed the Egyptian frontier as part of an offensive aimed at capturing
1214:"NX396 Major General William John Victor Windeyer, KBE, CB, DSO & Bar"
912:. Those that did not volunteer to serve in Japan were transferred to the
862:
A 3-inch mortar team from 2/48th Battalion during the fighting on Tarakan
840:. Embarking from Cairns, the battalion was transported in two ships, the
468:
452:
341:
249:
238:
77:
615:
After helping to secure victory at El Alamein the 9th Division moved to
962:
Lieutenant Colonel Robert Ainslie (22 July 1943 – 12 August 1945).
764:
725:
Japanese launched a counteroffensive against the Australian lodgement.
432:
388:
320:
944:
The following officers commanded the 2/48th Battalion during the war:
2160:. Loftus, New South Wales: Australian Military History Publications.
423:
on 17 November 1940; the large transport set sail the following day.
377:
796:, the battalion landed in Brisbane on 20 February, and made camp at
2101:. Swanbourne, Western Australia: John Burridge Military Antiques.
857:
727:
596:
527:
513:
464:
448:
866:
The entire 26th Brigade group was assigned the task of capturing
542:—the 2/48th proceeded to train in high terrain and temperatures.
323:, while over 90 other decorations were also made to its members.
2392:
732:
Tom Derrick raising the Australian flag over Sattelberg mission
1060:
each battalion was reduced by one officer and 106 other ranks.
292:
2227:. Crows Nest, New South Wales, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
491:. Instructed to hold the fortress for eight weeks by General
2288:
The Australian Army: A History of its Organisation 1901–2001
2223:
Bravest: How Some of Australia's War Heroes Won Their Medals
2158:
Redcoats to Cams: A History of Australian Infantry 1788–2001
1617:
1615:
2394:
Infantry formations of the Second Australian Imperial Force
2244:
The Second World War and its Australian Army Battle Honours
2099:
Tobruk to Tarakan: The Story of the 2/48th Battalion, A.I.F
683:
where they undertook amphibious training with the American
387:—designated 'A' through to 'D'—each consisting of three
336:
The 2/48th Battalion was raised on 9 August 1940 at the
763:
During the night, the company clung to the edge of the
708:
on 4 September 1943, as part of the final phase of the
280:
before being returned to Australia to take part in the
2290:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
2269:(4 (December)). Garran, Australian Capital Territory:
2063:. South Melbourne, Victoria: Oxford University Press.
538:—who had assumed command after Windeyer took over the
2311:
The Foundations of Victory: The Pacific War 1943–1944
435:
where the troops were given a brief shore leave, the
2800:
Military units and formations disestablished in 1945
1958:"Famous S.A. Battalion Goes Off The Order Of Battle"
248:
which served during the Second World War. Raised in
2746:
2715:
2636:
2557:
2478:
2399:
2246:. East Roseville, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press.
366:
27th Battalion (South Australian Scottish Regiment)
216:
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113:
105:
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83:
73:
63:
55:
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30:
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2121:. Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
476:, where the battalion saw its first action of the
2795:Military units and formations established in 1940
256:in August 1940, the battalion formed part of the
534:. Under their new commander, Lieutenant Colonel
2361:. Ringwood, Victoria: Penguin Books Australia.
2143:. Melbourne, Victoria: Grayflower Productions.
2339:. Sydney, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
2082:. Sydney, New South Wales: Allen & Unwin.
1701:
1699:
1326:
1324:
666:in order to prepare it for the conditions in
8:
1503:
1501:
291:, the battalion took part in the advance on
1303:"AWM52 8/3/36/3 – November 1940, p. 7"
1114:
1112:
832:in April 1945 in order to take part in the
641:The convoy carrying the battalion put into
522:After Tobruk, the 9th Division was sent to
480:for which it would receive one of its many
264:, although it was later transferred to the
2389:
2309:. In Dennis, Peter; Grey, Jeffrey (eds.).
1974:– via National Library of Australia.
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679:air. In July 1943, the battalion moved to
344:, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
36:
1172:. Australian War Memorial. Archived from
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
352:officer who had previously commanded the
16:Infantry battalion of the Australian Army
2271:Military Historical Society of Australia
2080:The Encyclopaedia of Australia's Battles
971:The 2/48th Battalion was awarded the 14
2384:2/48th War Diaries (AWM52, Item 8/3/36)
2039:Symbol of Courage: Men Behind the Medal
1099:
1049:
654:, where they established a camp on the
1966:. Adelaide. 7 November 1945. p. 6
952:(9 August 1940 – 6 January 1942);
928:, 10 Distinguished Conduct Medals, 24
685:532nd Engineer Boat and Shore Regiment
501:Italian 62nd Regiment, Trento Division
319:, the nation's highest decoration for
284:following Japan's entry into the war.
27:
959:(8 January 1942 – 18 June 1943);
910:British Commonwealth Occupation Force
7:
557:. After making a brief stand around
372:(UCP) were the same as those of the
809:The battalion began reforming near
2790:Australian World War II battalions
1495:Coulthard-Clark 1998, pp. 230–232.
573:was awarded the battalion's first
380:, when it adopted a T-shaped UCP.
260:and was initially assigned to the
14:
1170:Second World War, 1939–1945 units
975:for its service during the war:
495:, Commander-in-Chief of British
358:Second Australian Imperial Force
220:
208:
2307:"Organising for Jungle Warfare"
2078:Coulthard-Clark, Chris (1998).
1420:Wilmot 1993, pp. 222 & 233.
2337:Tarakan: An Australian Tragedy
2141:The South West Pacific 1941–45
1555:Glenn 1987, pp. 184–185.
1528:Glenn 1987, pp. 171–181.
356:. A unit of the all-volunteer
1:
1393:Coulthard-Clark 1998, p. 183.
922:Distinguished Service Orders
467:were forced to retreat from
278:Second Battles of El Alamein
2020:Maitland 1999, pp. 139–145.
1875:Johnston 2002, pp. 209–210.
1723:Johnston 2002, pp. 180–181.
1666:Johnston 2002, pp. 167–168.
1657:Johnston 2002, pp. 162–163.
1648:Johnston 2002, pp. 159–160.
1639:Johnston 2002, pp. 147–148.
1546:Johnston 2002, pp. 138–140.
770:Distinguished Conduct Medal
593:Second Battle of El Alamein
136:Second Battle of El Alamein
2816:
1621:Macklin 2008, pp. 144–145.
1008:South-West Pacific 1943–45
664:South-West Pacific theatre
567:First Battle of El Alamein
354:Sydney University Regiment
131:First Battle of El Alamein
21:48th Battalion (Australia)
18:
2242:Maitland, Gordon (1999).
1507:Arthur 2005, pp. 248–249.
1429:Wilmot 1993, pp. 280–287.
1411:Wilmot 1993, pp. 120–121.
1402:Wilmot 1993, pp. 116–118.
1309:. Australian War Memorial
1220:. Australian War Memorial
403:, it was assigned to the
35:
2305:Palazzo, Albert (2004).
2286:Palazzo, Albert (2001).
1816:Glenn 1987, pp. 233–235.
1759:Keogh 1965, pp. 332–334.
1630:Glenn 1987, pp. 194–196.
1020:Defence of Scarlet Beach
299:and the fighting around
1384:Wilmot 1993, pp. 85–86.
1256:Long 1952, pp. 321–323.
996:Defence of Alamein Line
914:2/3rd Pioneer Battalion
884:2/9th Armoured Regiment
589:Battle of Alam el Halfa
505:7th Royal Tank Regiment
459:which was deploying to
427:Actions in North Africa
309:Huon Peninsula campaign
287:During the campaign in
153:Huon Peninsula campaign
2716:Machine Gun Battalions
2011:Johnston 2002, p. xvi.
2002:Johnston 2002, p. 253.
1993:Johnston 2002, p. 247.
1902:Johnston 2002, p. 218.
1884:Johnston 2002, p. 216.
1857:Johnston 2002, p. 201.
1786:Johnston 2002, p. 186.
1741:Long 1963, p. 77.
1732:Johnston 2002, p. 191.
1705:Johnston 2002, p. 180.
1693:Johnston 2002, p. 179.
1609:Johnston 2002, p. 146.
1582:Johnston 2002, p. 143.
1564:Johnston 2002, p. 141.
1537:Johnston 2002, p. 135.
1519:Johnston 2002, p. 249.
1441:Johnston 2002, p. 248.
1238:Johnston 2002, p. xii.
934:Mentions in Despatches
901:demobilisation process
863:
733:
672:tropical establishment
637:Fighting in New Guinea
532:Syria–Lebanon campaign
519:
478:North African Campaign
282:fighting in New Guinea
121:North African Campaign
2097:Glenn, John (1987) .
2041:. London: Pan Books.
1893:Stanley 1997, p. 147.
1600:Palazzo 2001, p. 184.
1486:Johnston 2002, p. 87.
1477:Johnston 2002, p. 77.
1450:Johnston 2002, p. 68.
1330:Macklin 2008, p. 136.
861:
731:
710:Salamaua–Lae campaign
549:commanded by General
517:
509:British 70th Division
297:Salamaua–Lae campaign
148:Salamaua–Lae campaign
2738:2/4th Machine Gun Bn
2733:2/3rd Machine Gun Bn
2728:2/2nd Machine Gun Bn
2723:2/1st Machine Gun Bn
2197:Long, Gavin (1963).
2156:Kuring, Ian (2004).
1274:Kuring 2004, p. 494.
1247:Glenn 1987, pp. 2–4.
1203:Glenn 1987, pp. 1–2.
1118:Palazzo 2004, p. 94.
980:North Africa 1941–42
633:on 24 January 1943.
338:Wayville Showgrounds
109:White and light blue
19:For other uses, see
2200:The Final Campaigns
1984:Morgan 2018, p. 27.
1947:Glenn 1987, p. 263.
1938:Glenn 1987, p. 261.
1929:Glenn 1987, p. 272.
1911:Keogh 1965, p. 443.
1825:Keogh 1965, p. 441.
1795:Glenn 1987, p. 227.
1777:Glenn 1987, p. 226.
1768:Glenn 1987, p. 225.
1750:Stanley 1997, p.34.
1714:Keogh 1965, p. 332.
1684:Keogh 1965, p. 330.
1675:Keogh 1965, p. 329.
1591:Coates 1999, p. 49.
1573:Glenn 1987, p. 187.
1468:Glenn 1987, p. 105.
1459:Glenn 1987, p. 101.
1375:Wilmot 1993, p. 82.
1366:Wilmot 1993, p. 77.
1106:Kuring 2004, p. 47.
1058:jungle organisation
955:Lieutenant Colonel
948:Lieutenant Colonel
940:Commanding officers
694:Sailing aboard the
648:Atherton Tablelands
545:In late June 1942,
497:Middle East Command
447:, before moving to
143:New Guinea campaign
2747:Pioneer Battalions
1920:Long 1963, p. 451.
1866:Long 1963, p. 408.
1848:Long 1963, p. 415.
1834:Long 1963, p. 414.
1807:Long 1963, p. 406.
1357:Glenn 1987, p. 14.
1348:Glenn 1987, p. 11.
1339:Glenn 1987, p. 10.
1166:"2/48th Battalion"
864:
834:landing on Tarakan
805:Landing on Tarakan
750:1st Tank Battalion
734:
585:Bernard Montgomery
582:Lieutenant General
520:
313:landing on Tarakan
87:~800–900 all ranks
2777:
2776:
2368:978-0-14300-852-1
2346:978-1-86448-278-2
2320:978-0-646-43590-9
2297:978-0-19-551507-7
2253:978-0-86417-975-3
2234:978-1-74114-882-4
2167:978-1-876439-99-6
2128:978-1-86508-654-5
2089:978-1-86448-611-7
2070:978-0-19-550837-6
2048:978-0-330-49133-4
1292:Glenn 1987, p. 6.
1283:Glenn 1987, p. 5.
1194:Long 1952, p. 51.
984:Defence of Tobruk
625:Winston Churchill
474:defence of Tobruk
401:2/24th Battalions
370:unit colour patch
228:
227:
202:Unit colour patch
165:Battle of Tarakan
117:Second World War
2807:
2769:2/4th Pioneer Bn
2764:2/3rd Pioneer Bn
2759:2/2nd Pioneer Bn
2754:2/1st Pioneer Bn
2390:
2372:
2350:
2328:
2327:on 9 March 2016.
2323:. Archived from
2301:
2282:
2257:
2238:
2226:
2212:
2193:
2171:
2152:
2132:
2110:
2093:
2074:
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2018:
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1318:
1316:
1314:
1307:Unit war diaries
1299:
1293:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1265:Long 1952 p. 52.
1263:
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1254:
1248:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1230:
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1227:
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1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1176:on 9 August 2009
1162:
1119:
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1054:
992:The Salient 1941
957:Heathcote Hammer
926:Military Crosses
825:Empire Spearhead
744:in company with
536:Heathcote Hammer
493:Archibald Wavell
235:2/48th Battalion
224:
212:
190:Heathcote Hammer
40:
31:2/48th Battalion
28:
2815:
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2369:
2355:Wilmot, Chester
2353:
2347:
2331:
2321:
2304:
2298:
2285:
2260:
2254:
2241:
2235:
2217:Macklin, Robert
2215:
2196:
2174:
2168:
2155:
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2129:
2113:
2096:
2090:
2077:
2071:
2055:
2049:
2033:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1988:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1967:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1946:
1942:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1919:
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1906:
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969:
950:Victor Windeyer
942:
930:Military Medals
896:
807:
748:tanks from the
639:
630:Nieuw Amsterdam
489:Leslie Morshead
429:
395:along with the
362:South Australia
346:Victor Windeyer
334:
329:
270:siege of Tobruk
254:South Australia
246:Australian Army
231:
204:
188:
186:Victor Windeyer
181:
160:Borneo campaign
126:Siege of Tobruk
68:Australian Army
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2378:External links
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2333:Stanley, Peter
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1963:The Advertiser
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973:battle honours
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967:Battle honours
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963:
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941:
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906:66th Battalion
895:
892:
868:Tarakan Island
838:Operation Oboe
830:Morotai Island
806:
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718:Huon Peninsula
697:Henry T. Allen
638:
635:
609:Percy Gratwick
575:Victoria Cross
561:, the British
482:battle honours
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374:48th Battalion
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2704:
2638:9th Division
2559:8th Division
2480:7th Division
2401:6th Division
2358:
2336:
2325:the original
2310:
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2118:
2098:
2079:
2060:
2057:Coates, John
2038:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1968:. Retrieved
1961:
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1311:. Retrieved
1306:
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1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1217:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1178:. Retrieved
1174:the original
1169:
1102:
1083:
1074:
1065:
1052:
1000:Tell el Eisa
988:El Adem Road
970:
943:
918:
897:
888:
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876:
871:
865:
851:
845:
841:
824:
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794:Liberty ship
789:5th Division
778:
762:
754:
735:
696:
693:
676:Bren carrier
656:Barron River
640:
629:
614:
602:
579:
559:Mersa Matruh
551:Erwin Rommel
544:
540:20th Brigade
521:
486:
457:6th Division
439:entered the
436:
431:Sailing via
430:
420:
409:9th Division
405:7th Division
393:26th Brigade
382:
335:
286:
266:9th Division
262:7th Division
258:26th Brigade
234:
232:
100:9th Division
96:26th Brigade
92:Part of
25:
2359:Tobruk 1941
2181:To Benghazi
2176:Long, Gavin
2035:Arthur, Max
1016:Finschhafen
894:Disbandment
836:as part of
758:Tom Derrick
722:Finschhafen
580:In August,
571:Stan Gurney
563:Eighth Army
547:Axis forces
348:, a former
301:Finschhafen
295:during the
114:Engagements
2784:Categories
2263:Sabretache
2027:References
1224:10 January
1024:Sattelberg
1012:Lae–Nadzab
1004:El Alamein
850:HMAS
774:lieutenant
742:Jivevaneng
738:Sattleberg
668:New Guinea
652:Queensland
605:Bill Kibby
555:Alexandria
445:El Kantara
441:Suez Canal
437:Stratheden
421:Stratheden
305:Sattelberg
289:New Guinea
182:commanders
175:Commanders
2705:2/48th Bn
2700:2/24th Bn
2695:2/23rd Bn
2683:2/43rd Bn
2678:2/32nd Bn
2673:2/28th Bn
2661:2/17th Bn
2656:2/15th Bn
2651:2/13th Bn
2626:2/30th Bn
2621:2/29th Bn
2616:2/26th Bn
2604:2/40th Bn
2599:2/22nd Bn
2594:2/21st Bn
2582:2/20th Bn
2577:2/19th Bn
2572:2/18th Bn
2547:2/33rd Bn
2542:2/31st Bn
2537:2/25th Bn
2525:2/27th Bn
2520:2/16th Bn
2515:2/14th Bn
2503:2/12th Bn
2498:2/10th Bn
2468:2/11th Bn
2357:(1993) .
2279:0048-8933
2273:: 20–28.
2107:220180650
1970:1 January
1313:7 January
1095:Citations
1044:Footnotes
846:Van Heutz
823:HMS
811:Ravenshoe
702:Milne Bay
643:Fremantle
524:Palestine
385:companies
332:Formation
321:gallantry
242:battalion
217:(1942–45)
205:(1940–42)
59:Australia
51:1940–1945
2690:26th Bde
2668:24th Bde
2646:20th Bde
2611:27th Bde
2589:23rd Bde
2567:22nd Bde
2532:25th Bde
2510:21st Bde
2493:2/9th Bn
2488:18th Bde
2463:2/8th Bn
2458:2/4th Bn
2453:19th Bde
2446:2/7th Bn
2441:2/6th Bn
2436:2/5th Bn
2431:17th Bde
2424:2/3rd Bn
2419:2/2nd Bn
2414:2/1st Bn
2409:16th Bde
2335:(1997).
2219:(2008).
2190:18400892
2178:(1952).
2139:(1965).
2117:(2002).
2059:(1999).
2037:(2005).
844:and the
819:Glenearn
621:Japanese
469:Benghazi
453:Cyrenica
413:Woodside
389:platoons
342:Adelaide
272:and the
250:Adelaide
239:infantry
196:Insignia
78:Infantry
2209:1297619
2149:7185705
1180:26 July
1032:Tarakan
932:and 36
872:Manoora
852:Manoora
842:Sea Cat
817:on the
798:Kalinga
765:plateau
746:Matilda
687:around
658:, near
433:Colombo
417:Oakbank
350:Militia
327:History
244:of the
237:was an
180:Notable
106:Colours
56:Country
2365:
2343:
2317:
2294:
2277:
2250:
2231:
2207:
2188:
2164:
2147:
2125:
2105:
2086:
2067:
2045:
1218:People
1028:Borneo
714:Nadzab
681:Cairns
461:Greece
397:2/23rd
378:Tobruk
64:Branch
48:Active
1039:Notes
924:, 12
781:Wareo
660:Kairi
528:Syria
465:Libya
449:Dimra
340:, in
274:First
2363:ISBN
2341:ISBN
2315:ISBN
2292:ISBN
2275:ISSN
2248:ISBN
2229:ISBN
2205:OCLC
2186:OCLC
2162:ISBN
2145:OCLC
2123:ISBN
2103:OCLC
2084:ISBN
2065:ISBN
2043:ISBN
1972:2014
1315:2016
1226:2010
1182:2009
821:and
617:Gaza
597:Fuka
526:and
399:and
303:and
276:and
233:The
84:Size
74:Type
2267:LIX
785:Sio
706:Lae
650:in
293:Lae
252:in
2786::
2265:.
1960:.
1839:^
1800:^
1698:^
1614:^
1512:^
1500:^
1434:^
1323:^
1305:.
1216:.
1168:.
1123:^
1111:^
1030:,
1026:,
1022:,
1018:,
1014:,
1010:,
1006:,
1002:,
998:,
994:,
990:,
986:,
982:,
936:.
484:.
98:,
2371:.
2349:.
2300:.
2281:.
2256:.
2237:.
2211:.
2192:.
2170:.
2151:.
2131:.
2109:.
2092:.
2073:.
2051:.
1317:.
1228:.
1184:.
1034:.
23:.
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