359:“They were putting themselves at risk by giving their testimonies since these are rough times. The police force has always been this way. It is that way now and it will be like that forever. We are all alone. This trial is silenced, all our fight has been silenced. It is as if there was an intention to stop the spreading of the information and to prevent the awareness of what has happened in the court. We believe that this is because this trial threatens all the political class in the future.”
20:
37:, and around this area that took place on December 20, 2001. Five people were murdered. The names of the fatal victims were Carlos Almiron, Gustavo Ariel Benedetto, Diego Lamagna, Alberto Marquez and Gaston Marcelo Riva. The perpetrators tried to kill four more people (Marcelo Dorado, Martin Galli, Sergio Ruben Sanchez, and Paula Simonetti), but they did not succeed. A total of 277 injuries was reported. These crimes were committed under
243:
Those accused of the Plaza de Mayo massacre began to be tried on
February 24, 2014. In the trial, seventeen people who at that time were high-ranking officials of the national government, were accused of masterminding: Enrique Mathov -former Secretary of National Security-, Rubén Santos -former chief
110:
injured. There was a controversial case of a man called Jorge Cárdenas who was seriously injured during this protest by the police and who died a couple of months later due to a stroke. However, according to the
Argentinian justice, his death is not related to the excessive force used by the police.
148:
Alberto
Marquez was a 57-year-old man, who while protecting his wife, was shot to death in the back by police. This murder was recorded on camera by an amateur reporter who back then was running an online independent newspaper called El Ojo Obrero (The Worker Eye). At the place where he died, there
105:
The next morning, on
December 20, 2001, the Executive Branch ordered to evacuate Plaza de Mayo. One of those responsible for this decision was the former Secretary of Security, Enrique Mathov who justified this action stating it was for “security reasons.” This event ended up in police brutality.
93:
During the night of
December 19, 2001, right after president De La Rua made an announcement declaring the State of Emergency on public TV. People went out to the streets in several parts of the country. These citizens started to bang pots, pans and other utensils in these popular protests known in
234:
In 2007, Jorge
Varando was taken to court for the crime of firearm abuse in the case of the murder of Gustavo Benedetto. On December 20, 2001, Varando served as head of security for the HSBC bank. He directed the shooting that came from the bank and ended the life of Gustavo Benedetto. The court
109:
The five people who succumbed to the forces were: Carlos Almirón, Gustavo Ariel
Benedetto, Diego Lamagna, Alberto Márquez and Gastón Marcelo Riva. There were also four victims of attempted murder: Paula Simonetti, Martín Galli, Marcelo Dorado and Sergio Rubén Sanchéz. Hundreds of citizens were
251:
The crimes tried were five homicides (Diego
Lamagna, Gastón Marcelo Riva, Carlos Almirón, Alberto Márquez and Gustavo Ariel Benedetto), four attempted homicides (Paula Simonetti, Martín Galli, Marcelo Dorado and Sergio Rubén Sanchéz), injuries, abuse of authority and harassment.
133:
Gustavo
Benedetto was a 23-year-old supermarket employee. The store where he used to work was looted and that is why he decided to go out to protest the country’s situation. He was murdered when he was shot in the head by the police force who were shooting people from inside a
351:“Over time, they always played with delay. They did it at the beginning of the trial by changing accusations, requesting annulments, and also with the instruction. They seek to decontextualize to rewrite an adulterated historical version of what happened in December 2001.”
664:
138:. This murder was registered by multiple surveillance cameras. His killer, Jorge Varando (who back then was the bank’s security chief) was initially indicted. However, he was never judged for this crime due to the statute of limitations.
156:
Gaston Riva was a 31-year-old man who was married and had three children. He worked as a messenger carrier around the city making deliveries on motorbike. While on his motorbike he was shot by the police. His wife saw him dying on TV.
49:
and people were rioting in different cities around the nation. These incidents left a total of 39 people that were murdered across the country, among them 7 children. The trial against the 17 defendants started on
February 24, 2014.
129:
Carlos Almiron was a 23-year-old sociology student, interested in politics and social injustices. He was a member of the social and political movement called “29 de mayo.” He was murdered after a policeman shot him in the head.
221:
The former president, Fernando de la Rua who died in 2019, was initially indicted for the homicides. However, his case was dismissed by the Argentinian justice. An Argentinian NGO called Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales
117:(mothers of the people who disappeared during the later Argentinian dictatorships). That day, like every Thursday since 1977, they were marching peacefully around a small rotary in the middle of the square. However, the
665:"Carlos "Petete" Almirón, militante social de 23 años, fue una de las víctimas de la represión policial de las jornadas trágicas del 19 y 20 de diciembre de 2001. Su madre y su compañero de militancia lo recuerdan"
141:
Diego Lamagna was a 27-year-old artistic cycling athlete. It is not clear under what circumstances he was in the area since he was not involved in any political movement. In 2014, his hometown
248:, Norberto Edgardo Gaudiero -former General Director of Operations of the Federal Police- and Raúl Andreozzi - former chief of the Metropolitan Superintendency of the Federal Police.
255:
During the trial, more than 200 witnesses testified. In October 2015 the evidence stage was closed and the allegations began in November. May 22, 2016 the court issued the ruling:
355:
Maria Arena the widow of the fatal victim Gaston Riva praised the audacity of the witnesses; however, she believes that this trial had very little impact on the media. She stated:
594:
404:
62:. The president followed the recommendations of his minister and decided to limit the amount of money that people could withdraw from banks. This restriction was known as “
1190:
1160:
1016:
825:
1170:
846:
1175:
545:
520:
1185:
470:
66:” which can be translated as baby playpen. This restraint caused riots and exacerbated the economic situation of people who were working under
1180:
418:
223:
918:
894:
344:
347:(Center for Legal and Social Studies), who was also part of the legal complaint, questioned the delay to start the trial, she stated:
46:
217: Jorge Varando, at that time security chief of the HSBC bank, was initially prosecuted for the murder of Gustavo Benedetto.
1165:
1150:
445:
1155:
341:
495:
114:
817:
383:
595:"19 y 20 de diciembre: un ex subcomisario dijo que la orden de desalojar la Plaza de Mayo fue dada por la Presidencia"
690:"HOMENAJE A "PETETE" ALMIRÓN A 1 AÑO DE SU ASESINATO. HABLA CHERCO, SU COMPAÑERO : Argentina Indymedia (( i ))"
1145:
1140:
245:
226:) reported this case to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, asking for a trial against the former president.
106:
The forces killed five people, injured 227 protestors and arrested more than 300 people in the surrounding areas.
769:
720:
1120:
178: Raúl Andreozzi, at that time chief of the Metropolitan Superintendency of the Federal Police: mastermind
175: Norberto Edgardo Gaudiero, at that time General operative director of the Federal Police: mastermind
67:
1065:
870:
570:
38:
149:
was a commemorative plaque that later was removed by the government of the city of Buenos Aires under
1093:
1040:
992:
967:
640:
615:
942:
744:
142:
793:
689:
74:
1066:"Página/12 :: Ultimas Noticias :: Mathov y Santos condenados por la represión de 2001"
235:
ordered the acquittal of the accused due to the statute of limitations of the criminal action.
398:
19:
571:"Página/12 :: Ultimas Noticias :: Mathov declaró que "no hubo orden" para reprimir"
1124:
58:
On December 3, 2001, Fernando de la Rua was the president, and the minister of economy was
59:
943:"Página/12 :: El país :: La represión de diciembre de 2001 llega a juicio oral"
871:"Página/12 :: Ultimas Noticias :: El primer juicio por la represión del 2001"
150:
118:
1134:
745:"Página/12 :: El país :: Liberan a un acusado por la represión del 19 y 20"
30:
34:
847:"Infojus: Vuelven a destrozar la placa en memoria de Alberto Márquez | Avestruz"
99:
169: Enrique Mathov, at that time Secretary of National Security: mastermind.
277:
Gonzalo Firpo Castro: guilty. Sentenced to a 3-year suspended prison sentence.
205: Ariel Firpo Castro, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.
193: Sebastián Saporiti, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.
98:.” A big crowd of protestors gathered at Plaza de Mayo, right in front of the
95:
190: Roberto E. Juárez, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.
202: Norberto Sabbino, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.
187: Eugenio Figueroa, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.
181: Orlando Oliverio, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.
63:
42:
794:"LA SEGUNDA MUERTE DE GUSTAVO BENEDETTO : Argentina Indymedia (( i ))"
196: Horacio Berardi, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.
70:. At the time they represented 50% of the economically active population.
1094:"Página/12 :: El país :: A trece años, con el juicio en marcha"
280:
Victor Belloni: guilty. Sentenced to a 3-year suspended prison sentence.
184: Carlos López, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.
172: Rubén Santos, at that time chief of the Federal Police: mastermind
283:
Omar Bellante: guilty. Sentenced to a 3-year suspended prison sentence.
82:
265:
Raúl Andreozzi: guilty. Sentenced to 3 years and six months in prison.
199: Mario Seia, Federal Police officer: homicide and other felonies.
546:"A 12 años del principio del fin del gobierno de Fernando de la Rúa"
259:
Enrique Mathov: guilty. Sentenced to 4 years and 9 months in prison.
85:, and traffic obstruction that had been in course for several days.
208: Víctor Belloni, Federal Police officer: 2 attempted murders .
788:
786:
521:"Rige el estado de sitio después de los saqueos; renunció Cavallo"
73:
On December 19, 2001, the president Fernando de la Rua declared a
18:
968:"Página/12 :: El país :: Un punto final para De la Rúa"
214: Carlos Alberto Loforte, Federal Police office: harassment.
135:
102:(Pink House) which is the office of the President of Argentina.
78:
471:"El trabajo en negro supera el 50% en el territorio bonaerense"
211: Jorge Daniel Toma, Federal Police officer: harassment.
1041:"Página/12 :: El país :: La hora de los alegatos"
616:"Página/12 :: El país :: La historia de Cárdenas"
271:
Carlos José López: guilty. Sentenced to 6 years in prison.
268:
Norberto Gaudiero: guilty. Sentenced to 3 years in prison.
993:"Página/12 :: El país :: Denuncia en la CIDH"
641:"Página/12 :: El país :: "Estaba programado""
274:
Roberto Juárez: guilty. Sentenced to 4 years in prison.
386:. 2016-03-06. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06
919:"Las víctimas no olvidan el 20 de diciembre del 2001"
895:"Las víctimas no olvidan el 20 de diciembre del 2001"
818:"Ferraresi inauguró una pista para 'Bikers' en Wilde"
262:
Rubén Santos: guilty. Sentenced to 4 years in prison
403:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
310:Eugenio Figueroa: sentenced to 4 years in prison
286:Eugenio Figueroa: Sentenced to 4 years in prison
145:, named a cycling track after him in his honor.
8:
340:Lucia de la Vega, one of the lawyers of the
770:"19 y 20 de diciembre: la causa Benedetto"
446:"Los muertos que dejó el estallido social"
239:Trial against the remaining 16 defendants
1191:Massacres of protesters in South America
496:"El estado de sitio regirá por 30 días"
368:
396:
1161:December 2001 events in South America
1088:
1086:
715:
713:
711:
709:
7:
440:
438:
378:
376:
374:
372:
224:Center for Legal and Social Studies
331:Carlos Alberto Loforte: dismissed.
307:Carlos Alberto Loforte: dismissed.
27:The 2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo
14:
1176:Police brutality in South America
671:(in European Spanish). 2012-04-17
1171:Presidency of Fernando de la Rúa
828:from the original on 2016-08-04
798:archivo.argentina.indymedia.org
694:archivo.argentina.indymedia.org
384:"El caso | 19 y 20 – El juicio"
165:There were 17 people indicted:
113:Other notable victims were the
319:Sebastián Saporiti: acquitted.
295:Sebastián Saporiti: acquitted.
41:’s presidential term in which
1:
1186:Police brutality in the 2000s
328:Jorge Daniel Toma: dismissed.
304:Jorge Daniel Toma: dismissed.
29:was a slaughter of people at
325:Orlando Oliverio: acquitted.
316:Norberto Sabbino: acquitted.
301:Orlando Oliverio: acquitted.
292:Norberto Sabbino: acquitted.
322:Horacio Berardi: acquitted.
298:Horacio Berardi: acquitted.
230:Trial against Jorge Varando
121:attacked them with batons.
1207:
1181:2000s murders in Argentina
16:2001 massacre in Argentina
721:"Página/12 :: las12"
45:was suffering one of its
552:(in Spanish). 2013-12-19
527:(in Spanish). 2001-12-20
502:(in Spanish). 2001-12-20
477:(in Spanish). 2001-09-24
452:(in Spanish). 2011-12-18
115:Madres de Plaza de Mayo
35:Buenos Aires, Argentina
1166:Massacres in Argentina
361:
353:
313:Mario Seia: acquitted.
289:Mario Seia: acquitted.
23:
1151:2000s in Buenos Aires
772:(in European Spanish)
597:(in European Spanish)
419:"tiempoargentino.com"
357:
349:
68:unreported employment
22:
1156:December 2001 crimes
822:La Ciudad Avellaneda
1098:www.pagina12.com.ar
1070:www.pagina12.com.ar
1045:www.pagina12.com.ar
997:www.pagina12.com.ar
972:www.pagina12.com.ar
947:www.pagina12.com.ar
875:www.pagina12.com.ar
851:www.avestruz.com.ar
749:www.pagina12.com.ar
725:www.pagina12.com.ar
645:www.pagina12.com.ar
620:www.pagina12.com.ar
575:www.pagina12.com.ar
550:www.lanacion.com.ar
525:www.lanacion.com.ar
500:www.lanacion.com.ar
475:www.lanacion.com.ar
450:www.lanacion.com.ar
153:’s administration.
1017:"Infojus Noticias"
75:State of Emergency
39:Fernando de la Rua
24:
1146:Massacres in 2001
1141:2001 in Argentina
1198:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1090:
1081:
1080:
1078:
1077:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1021:Infojus Noticias
1013:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1003:
989:
983:
982:
980:
979:
964:
958:
957:
955:
954:
939:
933:
932:
930:
929:
923:www.telam.com.ar
915:
909:
908:
906:
905:
899:www.telam.com.ar
891:
885:
884:
882:
881:
867:
861:
860:
858:
857:
843:
837:
836:
834:
833:
814:
808:
807:
805:
804:
790:
781:
780:
778:
777:
766:
760:
759:
757:
756:
741:
735:
734:
732:
731:
717:
704:
703:
701:
700:
686:
680:
679:
677:
676:
661:
655:
654:
652:
651:
637:
631:
630:
628:
627:
612:
606:
605:
603:
602:
591:
585:
584:
582:
581:
567:
561:
560:
558:
557:
542:
536:
535:
533:
532:
517:
511:
510:
508:
507:
492:
486:
485:
483:
482:
467:
461:
460:
458:
457:
442:
433:
432:
430:
429:
415:
409:
408:
402:
394:
392:
391:
380:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1131:
1130:
1117:
1112:
1103:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1075:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1050:
1048:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1025:
1023:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1001:
999:
991:
990:
986:
977:
975:
966:
965:
961:
952:
950:
941:
940:
936:
927:
925:
917:
916:
912:
903:
901:
893:
892:
888:
879:
877:
869:
868:
864:
855:
853:
845:
844:
840:
831:
829:
816:
815:
811:
802:
800:
792:
791:
784:
775:
773:
768:
767:
763:
754:
752:
743:
742:
738:
729:
727:
719:
718:
707:
698:
696:
688:
687:
683:
674:
672:
663:
662:
658:
649:
647:
639:
638:
634:
625:
623:
614:
613:
609:
600:
598:
593:
592:
588:
579:
577:
569:
568:
564:
555:
553:
544:
543:
539:
530:
528:
519:
518:
514:
505:
503:
494:
493:
489:
480:
478:
469:
468:
464:
455:
453:
444:
443:
436:
427:
425:
423:www.godaddy.com
417:
416:
412:
395:
389:
387:
382:
381:
370:
366:
338:
241:
232:
163:
127:
91:
60:Domingo Cavallo
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1204:
1202:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1121:CELS The Trial
1116:
1115:External links
1113:
1111:
1110:
1082:
1057:
1032:
1008:
984:
959:
934:
910:
886:
862:
838:
824:. 1970-01-01.
809:
782:
761:
736:
705:
681:
656:
632:
607:
586:
562:
537:
512:
487:
462:
434:
410:
367:
365:
362:
337:
334:
333:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
308:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
272:
269:
266:
263:
260:
246:Federal Police
240:
237:
231:
228:
219:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
162:
159:
151:Mauricio Macri
126:
123:
119:mounted police
90:
87:
55:
52:
47:deepest crises
33:(May Square),
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1203:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1071:
1067:
1061:
1058:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1009:
998:
994:
988:
985:
973:
969:
963:
960:
948:
944:
938:
935:
924:
920:
914:
911:
900:
896:
890:
887:
876:
872:
866:
863:
852:
848:
842:
839:
827:
823:
819:
813:
810:
799:
795:
789:
787:
783:
771:
765:
762:
750:
746:
740:
737:
726:
722:
716:
714:
712:
710:
706:
695:
691:
685:
682:
670:
666:
660:
657:
646:
642:
636:
633:
621:
617:
611:
608:
596:
590:
587:
576:
572:
566:
563:
551:
547:
541:
538:
526:
522:
516:
513:
501:
497:
491:
488:
476:
472:
466:
463:
451:
447:
441:
439:
435:
424:
420:
414:
411:
406:
400:
385:
379:
377:
375:
373:
369:
363:
360:
356:
352:
348:
346:
343:
335:
330:
327:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
273:
270:
267:
264:
261:
258:
257:
256:
253:
249:
247:
238:
236:
229:
227:
225:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
166:
160:
158:
154:
152:
146:
144:
139:
137:
131:
124:
122:
120:
116:
111:
107:
103:
101:
97:
89:The incidents
88:
86:
84:
80:
76:
71:
69:
65:
61:
53:
51:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:Plaza de Mayo
28:
21:
1102:. Retrieved
1100:(in Spanish)
1097:
1074:. Retrieved
1072:(in Spanish)
1069:
1060:
1049:. Retrieved
1047:(in Spanish)
1044:
1035:
1024:. Retrieved
1020:
1011:
1000:. Retrieved
996:
987:
976:. Retrieved
974:(in Spanish)
971:
962:
951:. Retrieved
949:(in Spanish)
946:
937:
926:. Retrieved
922:
913:
902:. Retrieved
898:
889:
878:. Retrieved
874:
865:
854:. Retrieved
850:
841:
830:. Retrieved
821:
812:
801:. Retrieved
797:
774:. Retrieved
764:
753:. Retrieved
751:(in Spanish)
748:
739:
728:. Retrieved
724:
697:. Retrieved
693:
684:
673:. Retrieved
668:
659:
648:. Retrieved
644:
635:
624:. Retrieved
622:(in Spanish)
619:
610:
599:. Retrieved
589:
578:. Retrieved
574:
565:
554:. Retrieved
549:
540:
529:. Retrieved
524:
515:
504:. Retrieved
499:
490:
479:. Retrieved
474:
465:
454:. Retrieved
449:
426:. Retrieved
422:
413:
388:. Retrieved
358:
354:
350:
339:
254:
250:
242:
233:
220:
164:
155:
147:
140:
132:
128:
112:
108:
104:
94:Spanish as “
92:
72:
57:
26:
25:
100:Casa Rosada
96:cacerolazos
77:due to the
1135:Categories
1104:2021-05-30
1076:2021-05-30
1051:2021-05-30
1026:2021-05-30
1002:2021-05-30
978:2021-05-30
953:2021-05-30
928:2021-05-30
904:2021-05-30
880:2021-05-30
856:2021-05-30
832:2021-05-30
803:2021-05-30
776:2021-05-30
755:2021-05-30
730:2021-05-30
699:2021-05-30
675:2021-05-30
650:2021-05-30
626:2021-05-30
601:2021-05-30
580:2021-05-30
556:2021-05-30
531:2021-05-30
506:2021-05-30
481:2021-05-30
456:2021-05-30
428:2021-05-30
390:2021-05-30
364:References
336:Criticism
136:HSBC bank
64:corralito
43:Argentina
826:Archived
399:cite web
1125:Spanish
244:of the
125:Victims
83:looting
54:Context
669:19y20
161:Trial
143:Wilde
79:riots
1123:(in
405:link
345:CELS
342:NGO
1137::
1096:.
1085:^
1068:.
1043:.
1019:.
995:.
970:.
945:.
921:.
897:.
873:.
849:.
820:.
796:.
785:^
747:.
723:.
708:^
692:.
667:.
643:.
618:.
573:.
548:.
523:.
498:.
473:.
448:.
437:^
421:.
401:}}
397:{{
371:^
81:,
1127:)
1107:.
1079:.
1054:.
1029:.
1005:.
981:.
956:.
931:.
907:.
883:.
859:.
835:.
806:.
779:.
758:.
733:.
702:.
678:.
653:.
629:.
604:.
583:.
559:.
534:.
509:.
484:.
459:.
431:.
407:)
393:.
222:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
