Arab Peace Initiative - Knowledge (XXG)

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generated headlines when it was re-endorsed, again under Saudi auspices, at the Riyadh Arab summit last year. But thanks to Israeli objections it did not get a mention when Bush convened the Annapolis conference a few months later. The Annapolis goal of Israeli-Palestinian agreement by the end of his presidency looks like a bad joke. Ignorance is part of the problem. As someone quipped: you can wake an Israeli of a certain age at 3 am, say the word "Khartoum" and he will immediately identify the post-1967 war Arab summit in the Sudanese capital that produced three notorious "noes" – no peace, no recognition, no negotiations with Israel (which set the Arab consensus, broken only by Egypt, for the next 20 years). But the Saudi plan, which says exactly the opposite, is still likely to produce blank stares at any time. Ehud Olmert, Israel's outgoing prime minister, misrepresented the Arab initiative as a take-it-or-leave-it diktat, claiming it required the return of millions of Palestinian refugees – a red line for the any Israeli government – when it in fact talks sensibly of reaching "a just solution". Nor does it preclude negotiating land swaps, for example, so that Palestinians would get territory to compensate them for areas where post-1967 Israeli settlements cannot be moved.

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Jerusalem and deliver the offer personally to the Israeli people. That is what Egypt's Anwar Sadat did when he forged his breakthrough. If King Abdullah did the same, he could end this conflict once and for all. I would humbly suggest the Saudi king make four stops. His first stop should be to Al Aksa Mosque in East Jerusalem, the third holiest site in Islam. There, he, the custodian of Mecca and Medina, could reaffirm the Muslim claim to Arab East Jerusalem by praying at Al Aksa. From there, he could travel to Ramallah and address the Palestinian parliament, making clear that the Abdullah initiative aims to give Palestinians the leverage to offer Israel peace with the whole Arab world in return for full withdrawal. And he might add that whatever deal the Palestinians cut with Israel regarding return of refugees or land swaps – so some settlements might stay in the West Bank in return for the Palestinians getting pieces of Israel – the Arab world would support. From there, King Abdullah could helicopter to Yad Vashem, the memorial to the six million Jews killed in the Holocaust. A visit there would seal the deal with Israelis and affirm that the Muslim world rejects the Holocaust denialism of Iran. Then he could go to the Israeli parliament and formally deliver his peace initiative.

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so long has defined the Israeli-Arab conflict.... The Israeli response to this tectonic change in Arab psychology and politics was worse than rejection: it was complete indifference, as if this 180-degree turnround in Arab thinking had no meaning for Israel and its future in the region. Ehud Olmert, prime minister, and his government have reflexively rejected every Arab peace offer, whether from Saudi Arabia, Syria, the Arab League or Mahmoud Abbas, the Palestinian president. Ariel Sharon's and Mr Olmert's policies these past seven years have shaped a new paradigm in which Israel is the rejectionist party. The Three Nos of Khartoum have been replaced by the Three Nos of Jerusalem: no negotiations with Syria, no acceptance of the Arab initiative and, above all, no peace talks with the Palestinians.

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believe in peace when it is based on justice and equity, and when it brings an end to conflict. Only within the context of true peace can normal relations flourish between the people of the region and allow the region to pursue development rather than war. In light of the above, and with your backing and that of the Almighty, I propose that the Arab summit put forward a clear and unanimous initiative addressed to the United Nations security council based on two basic issues: normal relations and security for Israel in exchange for full withdrawal from all occupied Arab territories, recognition of an independent Palestinian state with al-Quds al-Sharif as its capital, and the return of refugees.

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of bilateral negotiations (with Palestinians, Syria, Lebanon) within a comprehensive multilateral framework. It has been reaffirmed most recently at the Damascus summit in 2008. The consensus was that the API offers the outline of an agreement that is very much in the strategic interest of Israel. It was seen as a deal that the founders of the State of Israel would surely have embraced with characteristic boldness, and negotiated with vigour. Participants agreed that there is no alternative framework that does or can effectively guarantee the future of a Jewish democratic state on 78% of mandate Palestine within a context of regional recognition and cooperation.

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conflict, but also the wider, lingering Arab–Israeli conflict, and to achieve a collective peace, security for all and normal relations with Israel. The initiative was the embodiment of the moderate camp in the Arab world and of its leap of faith in addressing both Arab and Israeli needs. Unfortunately, the Arab Peace Initiative was not related to seriously by the two players whose support and endorsement were crucial for its implementation: Neither Israel nor the United States responded with more than lip service. Arab states are also to be blamed for failing to explain the initiative to the Israeli public, our principal audience.

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countries." This is Israel's strategy as well. It continues that its goals are to: "...consider the Arab–Israeli conflict ended, and enter into a peace agreement with Israel, and provide security for all the states in the region. Establish normal relations with Israel in the context of comprehensive peace. Stop the further shedding of blood, enabling the Arab countries and Israel to live in peace and good neighborliness, and provide future generations with security, stability and prosperity." These expressions in the Arab peace initiative are inspirational and promising – a serious opening for real progress.

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different. Not only has the US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice said warm words about the initiative, but the Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert has gone out of his way publicly to stress that it has "positive elements". More, the US – at least in the person of Dr Rice – has become diplomatically engaged in the conflict in a way that her predecessor Colin Powell was never able, or allowed, to do. Having visited Jerusalem and Ramallah four times in the past four months, she has spoken openly about the need for the Palestinians – in return for guaranteeing Israel's security – to have a "political horizon".

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minor, reciprocal and agreed-upon modifications; compensation in lieu of the right of return for Palestinian refugees; Jerusalem as real home to two capitals; and a nonmilitarized Palestinian state. Something more might be needed to deal with Israeli security concerns about turning over territory to a Palestinian government incapable of securing Israel against terrorist activity. That could be dealt with by deploying an international peacekeeping force, such as one from NATO, which could not only replace Israeli security but train Palestinian troops to become effective.

2187:, the London-based Arabic language daily, reported that as per a request from U.S. President Barack Obama the Arab League is currently in the process of revising the initiative in an effort to encourage Israel to agree to it. The new revisions include a demilitarization of the future Palestinian state as well as a forfeiture of the Palestinian right of return to Israel proper. According to the revisions, a portion of the refugees would be relocated to the future Palestinian state, and the rest would be naturalized in other Arab countries. 971: 2101:

this point in a Final Statement that accompanied their initiative, and the Initiative rejected any solution that involves "resettling of the Palestinians outside of their homes." What this means, in the opinion of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, is that the Arab Peace Initiative opposes keeping any Palestinian refugee population in Lebanon, Syria, or Jordan; it also does not envision the Palestinian refugees being resettled in a West Bank and Gaza Palestinian state.

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rejects the initiative. Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh said in October 2006 that the "problem with the Arab peace initiative is that it includes recognition of the state of Israel, the thing that the Palestinian government rejects" and dismissed it. That month, Mahmoud al-Zahar declared unequivocally: "Hamas will never change its position regardless of the pressure's intensity" and "We will never recognize the Arab initiative." In January 2007, Hamas leader

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efforts of the Quartet and of the parties themselves to advance towards negotiated, comprehensive, just and lasting peace. The Quartet noted its positive meeting with members of the Arab League in Sharm al-Sheikh on May 4, and looked forward to continued engagement with the Arab states. It welcomed the intention of the Arab League to engage Israel on the initiative, and Israeli receptiveness to such engagement.

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terror base for radical Islam." In 2015 he elaborated: "there are positive aspects and negative aspects to it ." While noting that the situation has changed in the 13 years since the deal was proposed, he asserted that "the general idea - to try and reach understandings with leading Arab countries - is a good idea." However, he objected to the Initiative's calls for Israel to withdraw from the

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compelling. Right now, the Palestinians don't have enough to offer Israel to make the sacrifices required for a peace deal worthwhile. But an accord with the entire Arab world, that would be a prize worth bending for. And, while today's Palestinian leadership is too weak to make compromises on, for instance, Jerusalem, united Arab support would give the Palestinians all the cover they need.

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for the withdrawal of Israeli troops from Palestinian cities, including Ramallah; and calls upon the parties to cooperate fully with Special Envoy Zinni, and others, to implement the Tenet security work plan as a first step towards implementation of the Mitchell Committee recommendations, with the aim of resuming negotiations on a political settlement

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rejectionist language used by some of the speakers. It is also clear that the details of every peace plan must be discussed directly between Israel and the Palestinians, and to make this possible, the Palestinian Authority must put an end to terror, the horrifying expression of which we witnessed just last night in Netanya.

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he API a remarkable and historic document, effectively reversing the three "noes" of the 1967 Khartoum Arab Summit (no peace, no recognition, no negotiation with Israel). It is the only regional peace proposal on offer and is widely regarded as the "only show in town" that encompasses the three sets

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It was common ground that part of the problem is that the Arab initiative was overshadowed by the worst incident of the second intifada – when a Palestinian suicide bomber killed 30 Israelis at their Passover meal on the eve of the Beirut summit – and Israel reoccupied most of the West Bank. The plan

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The major elements of an agreement are well known. A key element in any new initiative would be for the U.S. president to declare publicly what, in the view of this country, the basic parameters of a fair and enduring peace ought to be. These should contain four principal elements: 1967 borders, with

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hen the Arab Peace Initiative was launched in 2002 it was simply not given the attention it deserved. It was – and still is – one of the most significant and promising developments since the start of the conflict. My belief is that the time has come to build on this initiative and ensure Arab leaders

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that: "I am a Jew with a commitment," said Andre Azoulay. "I'm an Arab Jew. I advise the king of Morocco... The Arab mainstream sees Israel as the party responsible for preventing peace, not the Arabs.... is something that the Israelis hoped for ten years ago. But who knows about it in Israel today?

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Six years ago, the Arab League took a bold step in the pursuit of a comprehensive and lasting peace in our region. At the Beirut Arab League Summit in 2002, 22 states unanimously adopted the Arab Peace Initiative – a historic document that offered a formula for ending not only the Palestinian-Israeli

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editorialized in December 2008 that "The Arab peace plan remains the best and most pragmatic solution to Palestine-Israel conflict.... Even though Hamas and Islamic Jihad are not prepared to accept anything short of the entire Palestine occupied in 1940s, if the plan is accepted by Israel and US, the

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From its inception in 2002, the Initiative deeply divided the organization. While some leaders have spoken positively about it, others didn't accept the Initiative, which alienated Jordan and Egypt. Some later reports that Hamas accepted the initiative. By 2006, Hamas would sign agreements with Fatah

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said in March 2007 that Israel would never accept the return of refugees who had lived in pre-1967 Israeli territory, saying "If 300,000–400,000, or maybe a million, Palestinians would invade the country, that would be the end of the state of Israel as a Jewish state.... That's not why we created the

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asking the Arab world to "begin reaching out to Israel". He also called on the Israeli blockade of Gaza to end, saying that "It has become necessary to end the unjust blockade imposed on the Palestinian people as soon as possible so that the peace process can move in an atmosphere far from oppression

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voted in favor. The initiative itself was left unchanged during its re-adoption. Until the eve of the summit, members had refused to consider altering any part of it. Arab League head Amr Moussa stated that the Israel-Palestinian conflict was at a crossroads where "either we move towards a real peace

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said that the attack sent "a message to the Arab summit to confirm that the Palestinian people continue to struggle for the land and to defend themselves no matter what measures the enemy takes." The Arab League said that it did not think that the perpetrators planned the bombing to derail the Beirut

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In spite of all that has happened and what still may happen, the primary issue in the heart and mind of every person in our Arab Islamic nation is the restoration of legitimate rights in Palestine, Syria and Lebanon.... We believe in taking up arms in self-defence and to deter aggression. But we also

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is preparing a plan to market the Initiative to Israelis, and will release a document highlighting the gestures that Arab nations have agreed to take under the initiative. The report specified that the purpose was to "break down the Arab Peace Initiative into its details and not leave it as a purely

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Look, the Saudi idea has a lot of positive elements in it, which is why we have never dismissed it at face value.... Quite the contrary, we said we will endorse and enter a dialogue with the Saudis or anyone else – indeed in the entire Arab world – if they are serious on the normalization issue. The

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Israel views positively every initiative aimed at arriving at peace and normalization. In this respect, the Saudi step is an important one, but it is liable to founder if terrorism is not stopped. We cannot, of course, ignore the problematic aspects which arose at the Beirut Summit and the harsh and

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On April 30, 2013, The Arab league re-endorsed the Arab Peace Initiative, with the updated terms that Israeli-Palestinian peace agreement should be based on the two-state solution on the basis of June 4, 1967 line, with the possibility of comparable and mutual agreed minor swaps of the land between

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say that, by rejecting "patriation" (tawtin in Arabic) or the resettlement of the refugees in any Arab state, the Arab Peace Initiative essentially leaves each refugee with no choice but to go to Israel itself, According to this same institute, the Arab states used even more explicit language on

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The Arab League meeting in Cairo yesterday was unprecedented in its overture to Israel, offering to meet Israeli representatives to clarify the peace initiative that the League re-endorsed at its meeting in Riyadh on March 28. The two events underscore the complete reversal of the paradigm that for

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The Arab Peace Initiative is one of the pillars of the peace process. Endorsed in the Road Map, the Initiative sends a clear signal that the Arab world, too, craves peace. When I was in Israel, I urged my Israeli friends to take a fresh look at the Arab Peace Initiative. Here in Riyadh, I urge you,

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The Arab peace initiative states that: "A military solution to the conflict will not achieve peace or provide security for the parties." Israel agrees with that assumption. Further on, the initiative states that: "A just and comprehensive peace in the Middle East is the strategic option of the Arab

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The initiative calls for the establishment of a special committee composed of a portion of the Arab League's concerned member states and the Secretary General of the League of Arab States to pursue the necessary contacts to gain support for the initiative at all levels, particularly from the United

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Expressing its grave concern at the further deterioration of the situation, including the recent suicide bombings in Israel and the military attack against the headquarters of the President of the Palestinian Authority, 1. Calls upon both parties to move immediately to a meaningful ceasefire; calls

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What the moribund Israeli-Palestinian talks need most today is an emotional breakthrough. Another Arab declaration, just reaffirming the Abdullah initiative, won't cut it. If King Abdullah wants to lead – and he has the integrity and credibility to do so – he needs to fly from the Riyadh summit to

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The Arab League plan goes beyond earlier versions of the international consensus by calling for full normalization of relations with Israel. By now, the US and Israel can't simply ignore it, because US relations with Saudi Arabia are too tenuous, and because of the catastrophic effects of the Iraq

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The Quartet welcomed the re-affirmation of the Arab Peace Initiative, noting that the initiative is recognized in the Roadmap as a vital element of international efforts to advance regional peace. The Arab Peace Initiative provides a welcome regional political horizon for Israel, complementing the

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in four major Israeli daily newspapers, which reproduced the text of the Initiative in full and added that "Fifty-seven Arab and Islamic countries will establish diplomatic ties and normal relations with Israel in return for a full peace agreement and an end to the occupation." A November–December

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observed the proceedings and expressed the EU's support for the decision, saying that "ailure to rise to today's challenges will put the Middle East risk of missing the train of human and economic development". He also emphasized that the initiative served as a proposal up for further negotiations

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The letter explains our stance on the conflict, focusing on the Arab peace proposal. This is a new administration. It is important that we follow up with it and that it assumes its responsibilities. The new administration will be busy with other things, but we think that it is important for it to

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I think it is important to recognise that the Arab Peace Initiative, the 22 Arab States calling on President-elect Obama to prioritise the achieving of a comprehensive plan, is a very important development indeed. It is the 22 Arab countries coming behind progress that can happen quickly in their

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that "the issue is not a 'yes' or 'no' by Hamas regarding the initiative. We respect the Arab efforts to attain Palestinian rights and we will act within the Arab consensus. Nonetheless, the Zionist enemy continues to reject the initiative and we will not determine our position in reference to it

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said in November 2008 that: "The initiative is unique in terms of the comprehensive “payoff” it offers Israel and, with regard to refugees, both the absence of any direct mention of the right of return and the recognition that Israel's agreement to a solution must be solicited. It represents huge

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who in 2009 would for the second time become Prime Minister of Israel rejected the Initiative. He told visiting Arab foreign ministers that "The withdrawal from Gaza two years ago proved that any Israeli withdrawal – particularly a unilateral one – does not advance peace, but rather establishes a

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The Arab Peace Initiative, which was ratified at the summit of Arab leaders in Beirut in March 2002, presented principles for an agreement in the Israeli-Arab conflict, and included reference to the Palestinian refugee problem. The relevant passage in its decisions on this matter determined: "To

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In May 2017, Hamas updated its covenant, expressing a willingness to accept a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders. However, it maintained its stance on several key issues: it did not abandon its commitment to resistance and the military option against Israel to achieve a Palestinian state,

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One of Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas' conditions of forming a national coalition government with Hamas after the 2006 election was that Hamas had to recognize the Initiative, but he was unsuccessful. Hamas' foreign minister Mahmoud al-Zahar said in June 2006 that the organization

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in April 2002 that the organization would accept it, saying "That would be satisfactory for all Palestinian military groups to stop and build our state, to be busy in our own affairs, and have good neighborhood with Israelis." The reporters who interviewed Shanab asked if he was speaking for the

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There are problems with the Arab plan. For one thing, there has been no public diplomacy for it, no public face for it – no equivalent of Anwar Sadat's breakthrough visit to Israel, proving the sincerity of his desire for peace. And how would it work in practice? And yet the logic behind it is

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has offered his full support of the Arab Peace Initiative, and has urged Israel to support it on several occasions. Most recently, in an October 19, 2008, statement, Erekat said that "I think Israel should have since 2002. It is the most strategic initiative that came from the Arab world since

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also stated that month that "I'll never accept a solution that is based on their return to Israel, any number.... I will not agree to accept any kind of Israel responsibility for the refugees. Full stop.... It's a moral issue of the highest level. I don't think that we should accept any kind of

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The Beirut declaration in favour of a two-state solution to the conflict marked a historic departure, even by the most hardline states. But it came at the bloody peak of the intifada and it was ignored by the US and rejected by the Israeli government of Ariel Sharon. The atmosphere now is very

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has reported that attitudes range "between those who have never heard of it, and those who don't believe a word of it." A November–December 2008 poll by the Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research in Ramallah and the Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace in

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Israeli officials have made many different responses ranging from positive, to neutral, to negative. When the plan came out in 2002, the Israeli government rejected the initiative, on the grounds that it would result in the return of a large number of Palestinian refugees into Israel. Israel

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Hamas voiced support for the Arab League's Beirut Declaration of March 2002, in which all Arab states including Palestine offered Israel permanent peace and normal diplomatic and economic relations in re-turn for Israel's compliance with international law by returning to its internationally

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Jordan and Egypt were appointed by the Arab League as its representatives to meet with Israeli leaders to promote the Initiative. These countries were chosen because Egypt and Jordan are the only Arab countries that have diplomatic relations with Israel. Jordanian Foreign Minister

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invasion (and the great regional concern that the US will go on to attack Iran, very strongly opposed in the region, apart from Israel). So therefore the US and Israel are departing slightly from their extreme unilateral rejectionism, at least in rhetoric, though not in substance.

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Look at the proposal that was put forth by King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia. I might not agree with every aspect of the proposal, but it took great courage to put forward something that is as significant as that. I think that there are ideas across the region of how we might pursue

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spokesman said that "Israel has no interest in stagnation and unfortunately, if the Arab initiative is take it or leave it, that will be a recipe for stagnation". In October 2008, it was reported that the Israeli government were considering the Saudi offer and Defense Minister

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organised a meeting in October 2008 that was attended by senior policy makers and analysts in order to discuss the Arab Peace Initiative. A report was published in November 2008 in order to summarize the meeting's findings, which included the following:

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accept to find an agreed, just solution to the problem of Palestinian refugees in conformity with Resolution 194," and "the rejection of all forms of Palestinian patriation which conflict with the special circumstances of the Arab host countries."

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Nevertheless, Israel respects the profound change, and hopes it will be translated into action," Peres added. "I trust that the leadership of President Obama will pave the way to both to a regional agreement and meaningful bilateral negotiations."

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Outside of the Middle East, the Arab Peace Initiative has received praise of chiefs of state throughout the world, international organisations, and a large number of political commentators specializing in the Israeli/Palestinian conflict.

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insisted on the right of return for the 1948 Palestinian refugees and the 1967 displaced to all Palestinian territories, and continued to view jihad, as a legitimate and strategic option for defending and reclaiming Palestinian rights.

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poll by the Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research in Ramallah and the Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace in Jerusalem found that only 25% of Israelis saw the ads and only 14% actually read them.

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stated that "there are reasons to be optimistic" and"best medicine yet formulated for the Israeli-Palestinian dispute is the Arab peace initiative". He also called the plan "a high price for peace" from the Arab perspective.

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during his July 2008 visit to the Middle East that "The Israelis would be crazy not to accept this initiative. It would give them peace with the Muslim world from Indonesia to Morocco." After becoming president, Obama told

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published ads promoting the Arab Peace Initiative in Israeli dailies. Meshaal in response stated that "The rights of Palestinians can be achieved only through resistance, not advertisements." However, in an interview with

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negotiator Joel Singer commented shortly after the Beirut Summit that "the major problem with it is that it only called upon Israel to do a series of things and there was no call upon the Palestinians to stop terrorism."

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Who will take the initiative and explain it? The momentum will not last forever. This is a dangerous situation. Tomorrow something could happen in the West Bank and blow the whole deal, and we'll have to wait again."

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my Arab friends, to use this Summit to reaffirm your commitment to the Initiative. ... At the same time, the Quartet has been re-energized and the Arab Peace Initiative suggests a new way forward for the region.

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entire Hamas organization and Shanab answered "Yes." They then tried to contact other Hamas leaders to confirm Shanab's remarks, but they could either not be reached or were unwilling to comment on the matter.

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are part of a renewed comprehensive peace process – active participants with interests and responsibilities, not substituting for Israeli and Palestinian negotiators, but not passive spectators either.

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believes "the general idea — to try and reach understandings with leading Arab countries — is a good idea," noting also that "the situation in the Middle East has changed since it was first proposed."

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stated that the 2007 re-adoption prompted a more supportive response from the government than the initial 2002 initiative, which ended up being "rejected... outright after it was first proposed".

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The Arab League members unanimously endorsed the peace initiative on March 27. It consists of a comprehensive proposal to end the entire Arab–Israeli conflict. It provides in a relevant part:

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said that "This initiative simply says to Israel 'leave the occupied territories and you will live in a sea of peace that begins in Nouakchott and ends in Indonesia'". Palestinian negotiator

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on September 1, 1967. It contained the "three noes" that was to be the center of all Israeli-Arab relations after that point: No peace deals, no diplomatic recognitions, and no negotiations.

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repeated his support for the peace plan. He also stated that it does not mean recognizing Israel's right to exist as a Jewish state, since that would imply giving up the right of return.

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thing is, that life in the Middle East has taught us to be extremely skeptical and extremely wary of these kind of declarations until they are actually delivered in the Arabic language.

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stated in January 2009 that "In the Arab world, only Hamas and Hizballah, with the backing of Tehran, reject the Arab peace initiative." Left-wing Israeli commentator and former

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that "here's little hope that negotiations will pick up or that negotiations will eventually succeed in bringing about a negotiated outcome between the two sides." However,

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also voiced support for the Initiative during a press conference that was held on December 15, 2008, at the London Business Forum on Trade and Investment with Palestine,

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view. Asking the new Presidency in America to take this as an urgent priority, and we are very much of the same view and we will do our best to promote that initiative.

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attended the summit, saying "the Arab peace initiative is one of the pillars of the peace process... sends a signal that the Arabs are serious about achieving peace."

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After the revival of the initiative in March 2007, Hamas continued a policy of ambiguity with many officials giving mixed responses. Hamas spokesman Fawzi Barhum told

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reiterated that support on November 24, 2008. In a speech delivered on that day in Abu Dhabi at the Emirates Centre for Strategic Studies and Research, he said that:

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that they also supported key parts of the Initiative, while adding conditions that until now have been rejected by the Arab states that sponsored it when they said:

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to Israel. In a compromise wording, it states that the League supports any negotiated settlement between Israel and Palestinians and does not mention the term

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in Israel led to a lull in the conflict for the two weeks before the summit. During this period, the Bush administration hoped to draw attention away from the

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also made similar statements and he called on the international community to push Israel towards accepting the peace plan. Both leaders had responded to an

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Ban Ki-moon, the Secretary General of the United Nations, has led this chorus of support on a number of occasions. In his address to the Summit of the

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said in March 2007 that "there is no chance whatsoever that the Saudi initiative will bring peace" and labeled it "a recipe for Israel's destruction".

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refused to accept anything other than the summit's draft and ruled out any negotiations that could alter it. In contrast, Saudi Foreign Minister

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and force." The American and Israel governments had been heavily pushing the Arab states to cut their support for Hamas before the summit began.

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expressed praise in the spirit, but not support of its details, for the Initiative in the first days of his presidency. In an interview with

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Although the Initiative was adopted unanimously, there was some debate on certain issues. The summit leaders faced stiff opposition from the

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rejected the initiative as a "non-starter" because it required Israel to withdraw to pre-June 1967 borders. In 2015, Israeli Prime Minister

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s Akiva Eldar wrote that Israel's failure to respond adequately to the Arab proposal was part of the country's "worst missed opportunity".

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sources in Palestine state that Hamas wanted to oppose the initiative outright but did not do so because it did not want to break with the

5489: 5418: 5373: 5358: 5353: 5209: 4189: 3358: 3328: 1522:, he calls on Israel to reject the plan based on its "all or nothing" attitude, emphasizing that true peace will come with negotiations. 734:), with the possibility of comparable and mutual agreed minor swaps of the land between Israel and Palestine, a "just settlement" of the 4816: 4308: 2728: 2698: 2666: 2097: 1907: 1670: 1519: 1452:

responsibility for the creation of this problem." In general, however, Olmert has described the initiative as a "revolutionary change".

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An Israeli government spokesperson stated that "here ain't going to be any negotiations under fire". Another government spokesperson,

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expressed tentative support for the Initiative, but in 2018, he rejected it as a basis for future negotiations with the Palestinians.

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On November 12, 2008, Peres reiterated his support for the initiative at the UN General Assembly Meeting on Inter-Faith Dialogue:

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The Initiative has also obtained the support of a large number of leading commentators on Middle East issues. On April 9, 2007,

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Nations, the United Nations Security Council, the United States of America, the Russian Federation, the Muslim states and the

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said that members have "to take notice of new developments, which require additions and developments in whatever is offered".

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to give breathing room for the Beirut summit but failed to achieve an agreement. However, the presence of American negotiator

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The Palestinian Authority condemned the attack and Arafat personally ordered the arrests of militants associated with Hamas,

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in Jerusalem on July 25, 2007, which was the first time that Israel received an official delegation from the Arab League.

2044: 1166:, from March 28, to March 29, 2007. The initiative was fully re-endorsed by all members but the delegate from Hamas, then- 894: 858: 785:, was deeply divided, while later reports indicate that Hamas accepted the peace initiative. The Israeli government under 554: 31: 4707: 4681: 4431: 3800: 5023: 3164: 3052: 2202:

signed in September 2020, fearing the moves weaken the Arab Peace Initiative, regarding the UAE's move as "a betrayal."

1986: 715: 5727: 5712: 5689: 3922: 3750: 1635: 1494: 1186: 1019: 1011: 332: 273: 72: 5057:"Official translation submitted to the United Nations of the full text of the Arab Peace Initiative, March 28, 2002" 4360: 1239:. This special commission would also consist of delegations from both Egypt and Jordan on behalf of the Arab world. 5987: 5722: 5702: 5697: 4911: 2473: 2381: 1854: 1691: 1512: 1115: 1111: 582: 352: 291: 139: 4330: 691: 5637: 4657: 3432: 3231: 1718:

Many Arab policy makers, chiefs of state, and commentators have written in support of the initiative since 2002.

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said in an interview that Hamas supports "the Arab position," presumably referring to the Arab Peace Initiative.

1345: 813: 312: 99: 1799:, condemned the peace plan, saying that "his option cannot be promoted in the Arab and Islamic worlds anymore". 1540:

Polls of the Palestinian people have generated large support for the plan. Support decreased slightly after the

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Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia made a speech to the Arab League on the day of its adoption saying that:

974: 492: 3380:"The United States Seeks to Revive the Arab Peace Initiative in Effort to Jumpstart Israeli-Palestinian Talks" 1982: 970: 4934: 4867: 3935: 2740: 1599:

1948.... I urge them to revisit this initiative and to go with it because it will shorten the way to peace."

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again suggested a counter-proposal. But so far, no Israeli government has made any formal counter-proposal.

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the same day the Initiative was launched. Hamas claimed responsibility for the attack and its leader Sheikh

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took place on 27 March 2002, the day before the Initiative was published, which initially overshadowed it.

2008: 1780: 606: 159: 149: 3265: 2991: 2909: 1439:

said on April 21, 2009, that the plan is "a dangerous proposal, a recipe for the destruction of Israel."

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In 2018, Netanyahu rejected the Arab Peace Initiative as a basis for negotiations with the Palestinians.

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reciprocated the PLO's gesture by running its own ads in the Palestinian press. After the 2007 summit,

892:: "they can smell a dead rat from quite a long way away." On March 14, analyst Shai Feldman stated on 6075: 5874: 5669: 5630: 4907: 4224: 1818: 1619:

that would agree to the 1967 borders as a basis for a Palestinian state, and by 2017 Hamas published

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expressed their support of the Initiative on May 20 during a consultative meeting that was held in

1724: 1698: 1031: 827: 735: 283: 3479: 1283:, then the United States special envoy to the Middle East, announced in March 2009 that President 5839: 5072:"Version communicated to the media of the full text of the Arab Peace Initiative, March 28, 2002" 4872: 3946: 3866: 3633: 3628: 2552: 2271: 2172: 2027: 1944: 1858: 1825: 1811: 1620: 1518:

supportive remarks "an empty political gesture." In a recent study by Joshua Teitelbaum, for the

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met Saudi Crown Prince Abdullah in February 2002 and encouraged him to make the peace proposal.

834:, which called for normalization of Israel with the Arab states and for Israel to withdraw from 3355: 3325: 5087: 4168: 3693: 2326: 2320: 2276: 2115: 2111: 1630: 1476: 1436: 1107: 1063: 747: 739: 484: 245: 4304: 2496:

War, Peace and International Relations in Islam: Muslim Scholars on Peace Accords with Israel

1747:, formerly Jordanian Foreign Minister and the first Jordanian ambassador to Israel, wrote in 1302:

expressed reservations on "red line" issues on which it stated that it would not compromise.

4545: 4049: 3958: 2976: 2870: 2439: 2233: 2176: 2152: 1891: 1193: 1119: 862: 854: 534: 500: 5750: 4386: 2516: 1925:, offered the following thoughts shortly after the Beirut Declaration was readopted by the 5735: 5056: 4968: 4854: 4711: 4688: 4619: 4414: 4069: 4044: 3965: 3942: 3917: 3735: 3716: 3689: 3666: 3608: 3583: 3533: 3362: 3332: 3214: 3189: 3160: 3098: 3026: 3001: 2972: 2944: 2916: 2892: 2877: 2780: 2747: 2720: 2690: 2658: 2446: 2418: 2364: 2354: 2302: 2049: 2043:

On the day that the Arab Peace Initiative was to be readopted by the Arab League in 2007,

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Despite his support for the plan, Israeli officials blamed Arafat for failing to stop the

903: 683: 675: 663: 655: 453: 4847: 4037: 2322:

The Search for Peace in the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Compendium of Documents and Analysis

3153: 1467:, a political consultant and writer and former senior advisor to Israeli Prime Minister 6032: 2138: 1894: 1878: 1744: 1645: 1508: 1481: 1305: 1287:'s administration intends to "incorporate" the initiative into its Middle East policy. 1253: 1236: 1207: 1170: 899: 743: 488: 412: 371: 360: 4705:

http://www.arableagueonline.org/las/arabic/details_ar.jsp?art_id=1777&level_id=202

1938:

Shortly before the Beirut Declaration was to be readopted by the Arab League in 2007,

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and delivered to Obama via an aide. A spokesman for the Arab League explained that:

5849: 5145: 4583: 4550: 4118: 4033: 3728: 3601: 3576: 3551: 3291: 3135: 2881: 2411: 2157: 2134: 2013: 1922: 1874: 1729: 1694: 1679: 1663: 1464: 1392: 1316: 1284: 1264: 1192:; his comments may have been in response to a statement by U.S. Secretary of State 1163: 1093: 1077: 960: 957: 786: 766: 109: 4789: 4008: 3182: 2773: 1356: 1050: 1602:

In August and September 2020, the Palestinian Authority and Hamas criticised the

925:

Only ten of the twenty-two leaders invited to the March 27 Arab League summit in

6022: 5931: 5653: 5581: 4279:"Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's address to the League of Arab States in Riyadh" 3030: 2130: 2119: 1595: 1490: 1448: 1219: 1203: 881: 835: 826:, during which Israel occupied large swathes of Arab territory, established the 823: 802: 695: 388: 169: 5001: 5824: 5740: 4760:"The Palestinian Refugees on the Day After "Independence", Jonathan D. Halevi" 4704: 2209: 2123: 1560: 1515: 1468: 1333: 1268: 782: 723: 711: 476: 4891:"Israel gets 'historic' Arab visit – Envoys urge action on Palestinian state" 4579:"An accord with the entire Arab world would be a prize worth Israel's effort" 2831:"Mideast turmoil: In words of Saudi Prince, peace requires two equal parties" 2133:

also sent President-Elect Obama an official communication that was signed by

769:

to adopt it as part of his Middle East policy. Initial reports indicate that

710:

Arab League summits. The initiative offers normalisation of relations by the

5915: 3969: 3483: 2450: 1800: 1792: 1587: 1564: 719: 472: 3771:"Saudi former intel chief slams Palestinian's criticism of UAE-Israel deal" 4383:"The 33-rd Session of the Islamic Conference of Foreign Ministers in Baku" 3884:"Hamas's New Statement of Principles: A Political Opportunity for Israel?" 3883: 2412:"Abbas calls on Obama to enact Arab peace plan as soon as he takes office" 1861:. A joint statement issued by the Quartet on May 30, 2007, provides that: 1348:

poll found that about 67% of Palestinians and 39% of Israelis support it.

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has distanced herself from it given her uncompromising opposition to the

1312: 770: 3602:"After Lieberman remarks, Barak reiterates value of regional peace plan" 1344:

Jerusalem found that only 36% of Israelis support the plan. A June 2008

1327:

in May 2007 said that his government would mount a counter-proposal. An

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On March 26, 2012, on the eve of the 10th anniversary of the proposal,

1776: 1653: 1505: 1073: 731: 526: 449: 3326:"Israel to offer counterproposal to Arab peace initiative, Peres says" 1455:

The day before, the Israeli consul general in New York City had said:

5900: 5809: 5804: 4786:"Officials: Arab League to make first official visit to Israel Thurs" 3218: 3154:

Saudi king tells Arab leaders that U.S. occupation of Iraq is illegal

2118:

met with former Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, Foreign Minister

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Initially, the initiative was met with enthusiastic support from the

1159: 953: 926: 417: 400: 376: 3719:. Joshua Teitelbaum. Jerusalem: Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. 1913:

AIPAC opposed the initiative, and referred to it as an "ultimatum".

842:. The peace initiative marked a major shift from the 1967 position. 4190:"Morocco king's Jewish aide urges Israel to adopt Saudi peace plan" 1154:, all leaders from the Arab League's 22 member states attended the 5910: 5879: 5864: 5859: 5844: 5819: 5794: 3577:"Peres to AIPAC: Netanyahu wants to make history by forging peace" 3527:

Response of FM Peres to the decisions of the Arab Summit in Beirut

3020:

Attacks are so frequent that new shop signs are the only memorials

1626: 1551: 1502: 1355: 1151: 1049: 969: 945: 774: 395: 4220:"Hizbullah rejects calls for peace with Israel, urges resistance" 1697:

also said in January 2009 that "Hamas considers its adherence to

5834: 5799: 4992:"Arabs revising peace plan to win Israel backing for two states" 3292:"U.S. envoy: Arab peace initiative will be part of Obama policy" 3183:"PA: Arabs should call on Israel to accept Saudi plan unchanged" 1682:

in April 2008, Meshaal threw his support behind the initiative.

1559:

said the initiative could create "a sea of peace that begins in

714:

with Israel, in return for a full withdrawal by Israel from the

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would try to settle where they are, which it strongly opposes.

5622: 3552:"Peres: Arab peace plan – a serious opening for real progress" 2368: 1675: 4333:(Press release). Number 10. December 15, 2008. Archived from 3498:"Netanyahu Backs 'General Idea' Behind Arab Peace Initiative" 3446:"Netanyahu backs 'general idea' behind Arab Peace Initiative" 2583:"Netanyahu backs 'general idea' behind Arab Peace Initiative" 5223: 4488:

Scowcroft, Brent; Brzezinski, Zbigniew (November 21, 2008).

3232:"Bush Praises Saudi Proposal for Arab Relations With Israel" 1706:

Arabs could possibly persuade Islamists to embrace it too."

1215:

rather than a take-it-or-leave-it ultimatum for both sides.

880:

Some reporters were skeptical about the summit's prospects.

765:

also supported the plan and officially asked U.S. President

4935:"Barack Obama links Israel peace plan to 1967 borders deal" 4331:"Press conference with PM and Salam Fayyad, Palestinian PM" 3936:

Haneya Reiterates Hamas Rejection to Arab Peace Initiative

1783:. On October 28, 2008, Mr Azoulay said at a conference in 3221:

Embassy to the United States. Retrieved January 30, 2009.

3132:"Arab states unanimously approve Saudi peace initiative" 1857:

on April 30, 2003, and recognized its importance in the

861:

strenuously tried to push a temporary cease-fire in the

4758:

Lt. Col. (ret.) Jonathan D. Halevi (December 1, 2010).

4307:(Press release). US Department of State. May 30, 2007. 3660:"Olmert hails Arab peace offer as revolutionary change" 2018:

s Middle East Editor, wrote on October 18, 2008, that:

1623:

that accepted a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders.

1122:

and helped falter the initiative. The violence led the

967:

reporter Tim Palmer to label the summit "emasculated".

4357:"Partnership in the Middle East, with the Middle East" 3710:"Arab Peace Initiative: A Primer and Future Prospects" 3480:

Jordanian, Egyptian FMs: This is a time of opportunity

1771:

Support for the Arab Peace Plan was also expressed by

4848:"A Revealing Spat Between Israel and the Arab League" 1571:

The Arab Peace Plan has received the full support of

4408:"The Arab Initiative: Offer for Peace or Ultimatum?" 3729:

PSR – Survey Research Unit: Public Opinion Poll # 31

2440:"Hamas' al-Zahar: Arab peace initiative impractical" 2314: 2312: 742:, and the establishment of a Palestinian state with 5975: 5944: 5924: 5888: 5765: 5758: 5688: 5600: 5569: 5553: 5447: 5271: 5235: 5157: 4063:

With Obama Support, Arab Peace Plan Just Might Work

3911:

Hamas would accept Saudi peace plan, spokesman says

2606: 2604: 2196:

Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement

1604:

Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement

1435:Israeli Foreign Minister and Deputy Prime Minister 761:immediately embraced the initiative. His successor 218: 208: 198: 188: 178: 168: 158: 148: 138: 128: 118: 108: 98: 88: 4965:"Obama tells Al Arabiya peace talks should resume" 4933:Mahnaimi, Uzi; Baxter, Sarah (November 16, 2008). 4359:(Press release). November 24, 2008. Archived from 3262:"Obama tells Al Arabiya peace talks should resume" 2577: 2575: 2319:Terje Rød-Larsen; Nur Laiq; Fabrice Aidan (2014). 845:Like most peace plans since 1967, it was based on 4251:Muhammad Yamany; Chen Gongzheng (June 15, 2009). 3264:(Press release). January 27, 2009. Archived from 2871:Breathing New Life Into the Arab Peace Initiative 1256:administration. According to Bush's spokesperson 840:faced initial rejection by most of the Arab world 5092:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5074:. Archived from the original on October 17, 2008 4721: 4719: 4682:"The State of Israel's worst missed opportunity" 4520:"Peace is blocked by the Three Nos of Jerusalem" 4009:"Hard Questions, Tough Answer with Yossi Alpher" 3627:Keinon, Herb; Horovitz, David (March 30, 2007). 2966:Israel Considers Response to 'Passover Massacre' 746:as its capital. A Palestinian attack called the 27:Proposal from the 2002 Beirut Arab League Summit 4522:(Press release). April 26, 2007. Archived from 3828: 3826: 2143: 2069: 2055: 2036: 2020: 2001: 1971: 1950: 1931: 1899: 1883: 1863: 1846: 1753: 1457: 1406: 1397: 1273: 1185:During the summit, King Abdullah denounced the 1132: 999: 987: 857:beginning in September 2000. In fall 2002, the 690:), is a 10 sentence proposal for an end to the 4967:. Al Arabiya. January 27, 2009. Archived from 4656:(Press release). November 2008. Archived from 4434:(Press release). April 9, 2007. Archived from 3765: 3763: 3429:Palestinians, Israelis at Odds Over Saudi Plan 3285: 3283: 2731:. Program originally broadcast March 27, 2002. 2701:. Program originally broadcast March 28, 2002. 2669:. Program originally broadcast March 27, 2002. 2358:'Passover massacre' at Israeli hotel kills 19" 1853:The Arab Peace Initiative was endorsed by the 1722:, Saudi Minister of Foreign Affairs, wrote in 1008:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194 5638: 5128: 3863:Abbas, Hamas agree on national coalition govt 3801:"Palestine recalls its ambassador to Bahrain" 3047: 3045: 2987: 2985: 2684:Latest suicide attack overshadows Arab summit 1126:to issue a unanimous resolution on March 30, 631: 8: 4904:"Arabs urge Obama to focus on Mideast peace" 3858: 3856: 3424: 3422: 2905: 2903: 2901: 981:, was outspoken in his support for the plan. 3805:Palestine recalls its ambassador to Bahrain 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 3077: 1981:, former Senior Fellow and Director of the 1826:address by Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu 1544:. However, the majority is still in favor. 5762: 5675: 5645: 5631: 5623: 5135: 5121: 5113: 4817:"Arab League Envoys Postpone Israel Visit" 4615:"Some reasons for hope in the Middle East" 3983:"Q&A with Hamas leader Khaled Meshaal" 3410:Poll: Most Israelis oppose Arab peace plan 3321: 3319: 3149: 3147: 3145: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3117: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3109: 3107: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2548:"Sharon warns Saudi plan may be Arab plot" 2435: 2433: 2431: 2325:. Oxford University Press. pp. 484–. 638: 624: 575:Israeli–Palestinian economic peace efforts 71: 48: 6028:Union of Arab National Olympic Committees 4577:Freedland, Jonathan (December 17, 2008). 3906: 3904: 3738:. March 7, 2009. Retrieved April 8, 2009. 2679: 2677: 2675: 929:, Lebanon attended. The missing included 4419:American Israel Public Affairs Committee 3877: 3875: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3345: 2652:Arab leaders stay away from peace summit 2489: 2487: 2160:is going to support the plan, saying to 1415:American Israel Public Affairs Committee 1377:and to repatriate Palestinian refugees. 1182:or see an escalation in the situation". 838:, was enacted on November 22, 1967, and 4829:from the original on September 26, 2023 4546:"Time to resurrect the Arab peace plan" 3888:Institute for National Security Studies 3683:The Saudi Plan For Israel's Destruction 3475: 3473: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3177: 3175: 3173: 2933: 2931: 2795: 2793: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2709: 2707: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2637: 2287: 1807:Naim Qassem also made similar remarks. 1072:A suicide bomber killed 30 Israelis in 61: 5085: 4945:from the original on February 26, 2009 4880:from the original on January 23, 2021. 4591:from the original on September 5, 2013 4558:from the original on September 3, 2013 4457:Friedman, Thomas L. (March 23, 2007). 4173:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 4166: 4129:from the original on February 11, 2009 3959:Al-Zahar: We'll never recognize Israel 3811:from the original on November 29, 2020 3746: 3744: 3641:from the original on November 28, 2020 3629:"Olmert: 'Not one refugee can return'" 3558:from the original on December 25, 2008 2995:'What's Next?' – Background Reporting" 2961: 2959: 2953:. Originally broadcast March 28, 2002. 2925:. Originally broadcast March 27, 2002. 2741:Israeli and Palestinian Public Opinion 2527:from the original on December 14, 2006 2392:from the original on November 11, 2016 2293: 2291: 2262:Palestinian views of the peace process 1536:Palestinian views on the peace process 1319:in a meeting with Arab leaders at the 1271:network on January 27, 2009, he said: 1096:blamed Arafat for the attack as well. 851:Middle East Peace Summit at Camp David 85: 6066:Politics of the Arab–Israeli conflict 4647:"The Arab Peace Initiative: Why Now?" 4500:from the original on February 9, 2011 4232:from the original on February 9, 2009 4098:from the original on November 7, 2012 3751:Arab peace plan ads in Israeli papers 3386:from the original on February 2, 2023 2714:"Scepticism over possible peace plan" 2622:from the original on February 1, 2023 2511: 2509: 2463: 2461: 2459: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 1989:and former Executive Director of the 1699:the three "nos" of Khartoum from 1967 1140:Re-adoption at the 2007 Riyadh summit 991:UN General Assembly Resolution No 194 7: 5962:Arab League–European Union relations 4490:"Middle East Priorities for Jan. 21" 4285:from the original on October 1, 2016 4255:. Xinhua News Agency. Archived from 3781:from the original on October 6, 2020 3550:Shamir, Shlomo (November 12, 2008). 3356:Barak: Israel mulls Saudi peace plan 3242:from the original on August 13, 2016 2034:, wrote on December 17, 2008, that: 1872:Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1760:In addition, the six members of the 5608:Diplomatic missions of Saudi Arabia 5101:The Arab Peace Initiative: Why Now? 5034:from the original on August 9, 2020 4910:. December 11, 2008. Archived from 4868:"Arabs push Israel for final talks" 4311:from the original on March 20, 2009 4117:Muasher, Marwan (August 19, 2008). 3775:The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com 3181:Issacharoff, Avi (March 27, 2007). 2729:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2699:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2667:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2156:reported that U.S. president-elect 2146:focus on the Arab–Israeli conflict. 2098:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 1908:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation 1671:PLO Negotiations Affairs Department 1520:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 965:Australian Broadcasting Corporation 873:that would later escalate into the 687: 679: 667: 659: 5577:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran 4469:from the original on March 8, 2021 4038:"The scenario neither side wanted" 3989:from the original on July 25, 2020 3841:from the original on July 25, 2020 3835:"Searching for a solution in Gaza" 3538:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3304:from the original on April 7, 2009 3130:Avi Issacharoff (March 29, 2007). 2886:The Council for Peace and Security 2811:from the original on June 11, 2007 2382:"Support for the Saudi Initiative" 2252:Israeli views of the peace process 1297:Israeli views on the peace process 977:, along with other members of the 847:UN Security Council Resolution 242 832:UN Security Council Resolution 242 25: 6086:Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia 6071:Israeli–Palestinian peace process 5151:Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia 4739:from the original on May 21, 2009 4281:(Press release). March 28, 2007. 4200:from the original on June 6, 2011 4015:from the original on July 4, 2020 3508:from the original on May 30, 2015 3458:from the original on May 30, 2015 2841:from the original on May 27, 2015 2589:from the original on May 30, 2015 2585:. Times of Israel. May 28, 2015. 2453:. Associated Press. June 1, 2006. 2410:Stern, Yoav (November 22, 2008). 2298:Time to Test the Arab Peace Offer 2247:Foreign relations of Saudi Arabia 2194:Palestinians have criticised the 1917:Support from Middle East analysts 1479:, editor of the English-language 1472:progress from the days in 1967". 884:explained the absence of Egypt's 808:Prelude to the 2002 Beirut summit 18:2002 Arab League Peace Initiative 5749: 5674: 5665: 5664: 5144: 4305:"Joint Statement of the Quartet" 4253:"Netanyahu's speech vexes Arabs" 4188:Stern, Yoav (October 28, 2008). 3092:Arab leaders relaunch peace plan 2226: 2212: 1339:In terms of public opinion, the 1201:United Nations Secretary General 1038:expressed concerns that some of 836:territories taken during the war 591:Middle East economic integration 190:Agreement on Movement and Access 3833:Jeremy Bowen (April 15, 2008). 3060:United Nations Security Council 2517:"Arabs offer Israel peace plan" 2470:Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza 1124:United Nations Security Council 1068:Second Intifada § Timeline 853:which ended in failure and the 497:Palestinian Prisoners' Document 3290:Ravid, Barak (April 5, 2009). 2772:Eldar, Akiva (March 6, 2007). 2546:Hoffman, Gil (March 4, 2002). 2114:and Egyptian Foreign Minister 1658:before it has been accepted." 1130:, which criticized all sides: 1058:'s violence during the summit. 599:Alliance for Middle East Peace 553: / groups / 269:Palestinian political violence 1: 6061:History of Palestine (region) 5957:Arab League monitors in Syria 5024:"Arab states back land swaps" 4119:"The initiative still stands" 4088:"A Path to Middle East Peace" 3007:The News Hour with Jim Lehrer 2950:The News Hour with Jim Lehrer 2922:The News Hour with Jim Lehrer 2753:The News Hour with Jim Lehrer 895:The News Hour with Jim Lehrer 32:Arab League Monitors in Syria 6081:Jewish Saudi Arabian history 5228:Coat of arms of Saudi Arabia 3165:International Herald Tribune 2479:recognized pre-1967 borders. 1987:Council on Foreign Relations 1906:All of the 57 states of the 1844:on March 28, 2007, he said: 1475:American-Israeli journalist 849:. It followed the July 2000 56:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 5998:Economic and Social Council 4990:Stern, Yoav (May 6, 2009). 3923:The San Francisco Chronicle 3208:"The Arab Peace Initiative" 3101:. BBC News. March 28, 2007. 3025:September 21, 2018, at the 2971:September 13, 2008, at the 1881:. The Prime Minister said: 1636:The San Francisco Chronicle 6102: 6056:Arab–Israeli peace process 4853:November 18, 2007, at the 4762:. Jcpa.org. Archived from 4413:February 25, 2009, at the 3964:February 17, 2007, at the 3361:February 26, 2009, at the 3331:February 26, 2009, at the 3188:December 11, 2007, at the 3097:December 19, 2008, at the 3000:November 11, 2013, at the 2801:"Text: Beirut Declaration" 2474:Princeton University Press 2417:December 25, 2008, at the 1855:Quartet on the Middle East 1751:on August 19, 2008, that: 1529: 1294: 1173:, abstained. In contrast, 1168:Palestinian Prime Minister 1143: 1061: 913: 811: 800: 292:Zionist political violence 140:Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum 36: 29: 6018: 5747: 5660: 5221: 3941:October 25, 2010, at the 3665:January 17, 2020, at the 3433:Angus Reid Global Monitor 3134:. Haaretz. Archived from 2943:January 15, 2014, at the 2915:October 27, 2013, at the 2779:October 13, 2008, at the 2746:January 15, 2014, at the 2719:December 5, 2007, at the 2689:December 5, 2007, at the 2657:December 5, 2007, at the 1999:on April 26, 2007, that: 1728:in support shortly after 1442:Likud party spokesperson 1346:Angus Reid Global Monitor 1006:The initiative refers to 814:Middle east peace process 694:that was endorsed by the 564:Peace-orientated projects 520:Israeli unilateral plans: 313:Israeli West Bank barrier 5592:Gulf Cooperation Council 4710:October 8, 2010, at the 3607:January 6, 2010, at the 3532:August 27, 2007, at the 3213:January 7, 2008, at the 3053:"Resolution 1402 (2002)" 2257:Israeli Peace Initiative 2180:theoretical framework." 2137:Foreign Minister Prince 1991:American Jewish Congress 1983:U.S./Middle East Project 1762:Gulf Cooperation Council 1431:Other Israeli statements 1388:On March 28, 2002, then 1329:Israeli Foreign Ministry 1092:as a response. However, 1090:Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades 1040:its Palestinian refugees 1026:Resistance to the summit 493:Israeli Peace Initiative 30:Not to be confused with 4687:March 26, 2012, at the 4432:"Arab Peace Initiative" 3688:April 15, 2009, at the 3163:. By Hassan M. Fattah. 2891:March 22, 2009, at the 2774:"What Arab initiative?" 2494:Yitzhak Reiter (2011). 2122:, and Defense Minister 1965:wrote in an article in 1832:International reactions 1791:Mohammad Raad, head of 1447:state." Prime Minister 1360:Israeli Prime Minister 1218:PLO negotiations chief 1146:2007 Arab League summit 1010:, which emphasizes the 871:Iraq disarmament crisis 702:and re-endorsed at the 43:2007 Arab League summit 39:2002 Arab League summit 5570:Multilateral relations 5460:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5229: 3734:April 3, 2009, at the 2876:July 27, 2011, at the 2445:July 20, 2008, at the 2363:April 4, 2008, at the 2191:Israel and Palestine. 2148: 2074: 2060: 2041: 2025: 2006: 1976: 1957:On November 21, 2008, 1955: 1936: 1904: 1888: 1868: 1851: 1775:, a Jewish adviser to 1758: 1568: 1462: 1411: 1402: 1365: 1278: 1210:foreign policy leader 1150:With the exception of 1137: 1059: 1004: 995: 982: 779:the elected government 607:Peres Center for Peace 160:The Clinton Parameters 5952:Arab Peace Initiative 5732:Joint Defence Council 5587:Arab Peace Initiative 5227: 5106:Oxford Research Group 5103:, Gabrielle Rifkind, 4857:World Politics Review 4654:Oxford Research Group 4068:June 8, 2011, at the 4043:July 8, 2011, at the 4011:. November 24, 2008. 3869:. September 12, 2006. 3715:May 21, 2009, at the 3412:. By Tovah Lazaroff. 3238:. February 26, 2002. 3159:May 11, 2008, at the 3138:on December 21, 2007. 2500:Sussex Academic Press 2388:. February 28, 2002. 2242:2012 return of bodies 2064:Oxford Research Group 1927:League of Arab States 1842:League of Arab States 1734:2008 election victory 1577:Palestinian Authority 1555: 1548:Palestinian Authority 1530:Further information: 1526:Palestinian reactions 1359: 1341:Oxford Research Group 1295:Further information: 1175:Palestinian Authority 1062:Further information: 1053: 1036:government of Lebanon 973: 931:Palestinian Authority 875:2003 invasion of Iraq 801:Further information: 755:Palestinian Authority 692:Arab–Israeli conflict 670:), also known as the 660:مبادرة السلام العربية 652:Arab Peace Initiative 481:Arab Peace Initiative 345:International brokers 5875:United Arab Emirates 5429:United Arab Emirates 4971:on February 10, 2010 4908:Agence France-Presse 4792:on November 22, 2008 4766:on December 10, 2010 4554:. October 18, 2008. 4363:on December 28, 2012 4228:. February 7, 2009. 3916:May 1, 2008, at the 3757:. November 21, 2008. 3582:May 6, 2009, at the 3416:. December 16, 2008. 3268:on February 10, 2010 2895:. November 24, 2008. 2300:. By Scott MacLeod. 2200:another with Bahrain 1608:another with Bahrain 1532:Fatah–Hamas conflict 1499:Palestinian refugees 1321:World Economic Forum 1016:Palestinian refugees 716:occupied territories 511:Three-state solution 323:Fatah–Hamas conflict 274:Palestinian refugees 256:Palestinian enclaves 200:Annapolis Conference 130:Wye River Memorandum 5601:Diplomatic missions 4494:The Washington Post 4459:"Abdullah's Chance" 4389:on November 6, 2008 4092:The Washington Post 4076:. December 26, 2008 4036:(January 8, 2009). 3972:. October 12, 2006. 3968:. By Roee Nahmias. 3882:Dekel, Udi (2017). 3451:The Times of Israel 3369:. October 19, 2008. 3039:. December 6, 2006. 2560:on February 3, 2004 2425:. Associated Press. 1967:The Washington Post 1963:Zbigniew Brzezinski 1797:Lebanese parliament 1725:The Washington Post 1692:Minister of Justice 1501:. In October 2008, 1032:government of Syria 902:-winning columnist 859:Bush administration 828:Khartoum Resolution 736:Palestinian refugee 284:Status of Jerusalem 251:Israeli settlements 63:Israeli–Palestinian 52:Part of a series on 5230: 4613:(March 28, 2007). 4463:The New York Times 4417:. (Press release) 4086:al-Faisal, Turki. 3949:. October 9, 2006. 3947:Xinhua News Agency 3897:– via JSTOR. 3867:Xinhua News Agency 3634:The Jerusalem Post 3414:The Jerusalem Post 3236:The New York Times 2837:. March 27, 2002. 2835:The New York Times 2807:. March 28, 2002. 2553:The Jerusalem Post 2523:. March 28, 2002. 2468:Roy, Sara (2013). 2386:The New York Times 2306:. January 8, 2009. 2272:Two-state solution 2267:The People's Voice 2150:In November 2008, 2028:Jonathan Freedland 1945:The New York Times 1819:Lebanese President 1812:Egyptian President 1669:In November 2008, 1569: 1370:Benjamin Netanyahu 1366: 1362:Benjamin Netanyahu 1352:Benjamin Netanyahu 1190:occupation of Iraq 1060: 983: 979:Saudi royal family 820:Arab League summit 791:Benjamin Netanyahu 668:יוזמת השלום הערבית 464:Two-state solution 441:One-state solution 307:Secondary concerns 210:Mitchell-led talks 114:1993 / 95 90:Camp David Accords 6043: 6042: 5967:Foreign relations 5940: 5939: 5620: 5619: 5028:www.aljazeera.com 4906:(Press release). 4876:. July 26, 2007. 4825:. July 10, 2007. 4695:, March 26, 2012. 4611:Macintyre, Donald 4496:(Press release). 4465:(Press release). 4438:on April 16, 2013 4155:on April 21, 2012 4074:The Khaleej Times 3926:. April 28, 2002. 3700:. March 28, 2007. 3694:Caroline B. Glick 3673:. March 30, 2007. 3617:. April 22, 2009. 3540:. March 28, 2002. 3167:. March 29, 2007. 3058:(Press release). 3010:. March 28, 2002. 2979:. March 28, 2008. 2756:. March 14, 2002. 2371:. March 27, 2002. 2332:978-0-19-921610-9 2277:Geneva Initiative 2116:Ahmed Aboul Gheit 2112:Abdul Ilah Khatib 1703:The Khaleej Times 1631:Ismail Abu Shanab 1477:Caroline B. Glick 1437:Avigdor Lieberman 1291:Israeli reactions 1187:United States-led 1162:, the capital of 1108:Passover Massacre 1064:Passover massacre 1046:Passover massacre 1020:"right of return" 748:Passover massacre 740:UN Resolution 194 738:problem based on 648: 647: 485:Geneva Initiative 318:Places of worship 279:Security concerns 228: 227: 150:Camp David Summit 100:Madrid Conference 16:(Redirected from 6093: 5763: 5753: 5678: 5677: 5668: 5667: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5624: 5149: 5148: 5137: 5130: 5123: 5114: 5109:, November, 2008 5097: 5091: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5044: 5043: 5041: 5039: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5000:. 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