30:
278:
elected in protest over the handling of the
Zimbabwe matter. Nonetheless, African countries were divided, with only five African Heads of Government voting with Mbeki, and the attempt to move the election down the agenda to provide time to develop momentum for the movement was unsuccessful. With
232:
Rather predictably, but despite attempts to the contrary, the issue of
Zimbabwe dominated. Some African members had spoken out against what they saw as the 'undemocratic' suspension of Zimbabwe, but were criticised for not respecting the principle of
290:
In response to the failure to overthrow McKinnon or to lift
Zimbabwe's suspension, Robert Mugabe announced on 7 December that Zimbabwe was to leave the Commonwealth immediately: marking only the third occasion (after
237:, under which dissenting voices to an issue that had already been decided and voting on are usually only heard privately. Olusegun Obasanjo was seen to have acquitted himself well in the Commonwealth's position of
484:
858:
667:
612:
662:
477:
186:
issue was dominant, leading to one of the highest media profiles for a CHOGM in recent times. The dispute over
Zimbabwe's suspension led to a dispute over the re-election of
843:
470:
868:
672:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
821:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
122:
112:
579:
853:
878:
863:
682:
493:
153:
208:
The meeting was attended by representatives of fifty-one countries out of the
Commonwealth's fifty-four members (suspended members Zimbabwe and
457:
423:
564:
316:
238:
157:
873:
245:
187:
135:
280:
354:
260:
848:
569:
559:
554:
549:
544:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
320:
539:
395:
359:
161:
284:
198:
173:
101:
501:
275:
234:
213:
221:
202:
433:
205:
of 1991 and set the 'promotion of democracy and development' as the organisation's priorities.
256:
176:
96:
462:
404:
368:
324:
837:
217:
194:
287:
of Sri Lanka in Abuja, the challenge was easily defeated, by forty votes to eleven.
292:
267:
252:
190:
408:
372:
263:
249:
428:
271:
259:
stipulates that an incumbent running again is to be unchallenged. However,
197:'s announcement that Zimbabwe was withdrawing from the Commonwealth. The
296:
209:
183:
139:
55:
169:
35:
165:
65:
216:
sent no representative). Thirty-eight were represented by their
466:
279:
Mbeki's tactics failing, and with neither
Kadirgamar nor the
172:, between 5 December and 8 December 2003, and hosted by
388:
386:
384:
382:
244:
The issue was brought to a head in the election of the
424:"PM, Blair for representative government in Iraq soon"
681:
578:
500:
299:in 1971) that a country had withdrawn voluntarily.
128:
118:
108:
92:
81:
71:
61:
51:
41:
23:
18:
859:21st-century diplomatic conferences (Commonwealth)
349:
347:
345:
343:
341:
255:, was nominated for another four-year term, and
241:in the manner in which he addressed this issue.
458:Commonwealth Secretariat webpage on CHOGM 2005
478:
150:2003 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
19:18th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
8:
485:
471:
463:
15:
844:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings
580:Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conferences
494:Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings
393:"Editorial: CHOGM 2003, Abuja, Nigeria".
869:Nigeria and the Commonwealth of Nations
308:
193:, and, before the end of the meeting,
7:
357:(January 2004). "Abuja Notebook".
14:
854:Diplomatic conferences in Nigeria
502:Colonial and Imperial Conferences
422:Baruah, Amit (7 December 2003).
28:
879:December 2003 events in Nigeria
864:2003 in international relations
270:spearheaded a campaign to have
1:
683:Heads of Government Meetings
409:10.1080/0035853042000188139
373:10.1080/0035853042000188157
895:
403:(373): 3–6. January 2004.
212:were not invited, whilst
133:
321:Commonwealth Secretariat
162:Commonwealth of Nations
46:5–8 December 2003
874:21st century in Abuja
239:Chairperson-in-Office
199:Aso Rock Declaration
436:on 30 December 2003
276:Lakshman Kadirgamar
214:Antigua and Barbuda
158:Heads of Government
248:. The incumbent,
222:Head of Government
203:Harare Declaration
164:. It was held in
76:51 (of 54 members)
831:
830:
246:Secretary-General
188:Secretary-General
177:Olusegun Obasanjo
146:
145:
136:Secretary-General
97:Olusegun Obasanjo
886:
487:
480:
473:
464:
445:
444:
442:
441:
432:. Archived from
419:
413:
412:
390:
377:
376:
351:
336:
335:
333:
332:
323:. Archived from
313:
84:
77:
47:
34:
32:
31:
16:
894:
893:
889:
888:
887:
885:
884:
883:
849:2003 in Nigeria
834:
833:
832:
827:
677:
574:
496:
491:
454:
449:
448:
439:
437:
421:
420:
416:
396:The Round Table
392:
391:
380:
360:The Round Table
353:
352:
339:
330:
328:
315:
314:
310:
305:
230:
201:reaffirmed the
142:
138:
99:
82:
75:
45:
29:
27:
12:
11:
5:
892:
890:
882:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
836:
835:
829:
828:
826:
825:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
687:
685:
679:
678:
676:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
584:
582:
576:
575:
573:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
506:
504:
498:
497:
492:
490:
489:
482:
475:
467:
461:
460:
453:
452:External links
450:
447:
446:
414:
378:
337:
307:
306:
304:
301:
281:Prime Minister
229:
226:
144:
143:
134:
131:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
94:
90:
89:
86:
83:Heads of State
79:
78:
73:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
43:
39:
38:
25:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
891:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
841:
839:
824:
823:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
688:
686:
684:
680:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
583:
581:
577:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
505:
503:
499:
495:
488:
483:
481:
476:
474:
469:
468:
465:
459:
456:
455:
451:
435:
431:
430:
425:
418:
415:
410:
406:
402:
398:
397:
389:
387:
385:
383:
379:
374:
370:
367:(373): 7–10.
366:
362:
361:
356:
355:Ingram, Derek
350:
348:
346:
344:
342:
338:
327:on 2008-04-12
326:
322:
318:
312:
309:
302:
300:
298:
294:
288:
286:
282:
277:
273:
269:
265:
262:
258:
254:
251:
250:New Zealander
247:
242:
240:
236:
227:
225:
223:
219:
218:Head of State
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
195:Robert Mugabe
192:
189:
185:
180:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
152:was the 18th
151:
141:
137:
132:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
103:
98:
95:
91:
87:
85:or Government
80:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
57:
54:
50:
44:
40:
37:
26:
22:
17:
820:
775:
438:. Retrieved
434:the original
427:
417:
400:
394:
364:
358:
329:. Retrieved
325:the original
311:
295:in 1961 and
293:South Africa
289:
268:South Africa
253:Don McKinnon
243:
231:
207:
191:Don McKinnon
181:
149:
147:
72:Participants
24:Host country
668:1966 (Sept)
264:Thabo Mbeki
838:Categories
663:1966 (Jan)
440:2008-12-20
331:2008-04-03
317:"Our Work"
257:convention
184:Zimbabwean
129:Key points
540:1917–1918
429:The Hindu
303:Footnotes
285:President
272:Sri Lanka
261:President
235:consensus
174:President
102:President
297:Pakistan
228:Zimbabwe
210:Pakistan
140:Zimbabwe
119:Precedes
56:Aso Rock
52:Venue(s)
170:Nigeria
160:of the
156:of the
154:Meeting
109:Follows
36:Nigeria
62:Cities
33:
166:Abuja
93:Chair
66:Abuja
42:Dates
822:2024
816:2022
811:2018
806:2015
801:2013
796:2011
791:2009
786:2007
781:2005
776:2003
771:2002
766:1999
761:1997
756:1995
751:1993
746:1991
741:1989
736:1987
731:1986
726:1985
721:1983
716:1981
711:1979
706:1977
701:1975
696:1973
691:1971
673:1969
658:1965
653:1964
648:1962
643:1961
638:1960
633:1957
628:1956
623:1955
618:1953
613:1952
608:1951
603:1949
598:1948
593:1946
588:1944
570:1937
565:1932
560:1930
555:1926
550:1923
545:1921
535:1911
530:1907
525:1902
520:1897
515:1894
510:1887
182:The
148:The
123:2005
113:2002
405:doi
369:doi
283:or
274:'s
266:of
220:or
840::
426:.
401:93
399:.
381:^
365:93
363:.
340:^
319:.
224:.
179:.
168:,
88:38
486:e
479:t
472:v
443:.
411:.
407::
375:.
371::
334:.
104:)
100:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.