436:
The additional assistant educational officer, Madhavan for allowing the school to run without recognition for 6 years. Sivaprakasam, the assistant elementary education officer, was held accountable for allowing
Madhavan, who was not competent to allow a permit to the school. Balaji, the deputy education elementary officer was accused of carelessly passing the papers signed by Madhavan. The local health officer Dr. Sivapunyam was accused of giving a false sanitary certificate to the school. Annadurai, a friend of Pulavar Palanichamy was accounted for advising circumvention of rules. Pingapani, the deputy educational officer, who inspected the high school, did not show interest in learning that the same campus had a primary school acting beyond rules. The other officers who were earlier responsible for permitting the nursery school against the rules during 1999, namely, Shanmughavelu, Sethuramachandran, Chandrasekharan, and Dr. Palanivelu. The Deputy elementary educational officer, Durairaj, and assistant elementary educational officer, Balakrishnan, were held less culpable for knowing about the thatched structure and the exaggerated attendance, but not initiating any action.
219:. The school was located amidst residential buildings, 15 m (49 ft) away from the main road. The school had a small gate 4 ft (1.2 m) wide, immediately beyond which the classrooms were located. The classrooms did not have any partition, and there was a stage at the end of the classroom. On the northwest side of the stage were the noon meal kitchen and a cycle stand, both of which were thatched structures. The northern wing in the ground floor accommodated the Saraswathy Nursery and Primary School, which had six classes, one each for LKG (Lower Kinter Garden), UKG (Upper Kinter Garden), I, II, IV, and V. There was another entrance to the school on the eastern side.
427:
accident. The report pointed out that the teachers were not trained in disaster management and the prohibited thatch structure was close to the classrooms. It also stated that the schools had inadequate exit facilities and had no firefighting capabilities. Pulavar
Palanichamy, the owner of the schools, was reported to have used his political clout and coalesced with the municipal and the revenue department officials for getting the permits for the schools. Vijayalakshmi, the noon meal organizer and teacher of the English Medium School, was held accountable for not performing her duties of taking safety precautions.
223:
the exit was through a narrow collapsible door. The lower end of the class on the western side was connected to the noon meal kitchen thatched roof and the cycle stand roof, where the accident occurred. The Sri
Krishna Girls High School had 179, Sri Krishna Aided Primary School had 477, and Saraswathy Nursery and Primary School had 126 students in their roles, totaling 782 students in the three schools. The second floor measured 62.5 ft (19.1 m) * 13 ft (4.0 m) and had classes for standards VI, VII, VIII, and IX of the girls' high school. The third floor had an open terrace having a water tank.
232:
fire sparked from the midday meal kitchen thatch and spread to the upper level, which also had a thatched roof and spread rapidly. The narrow staircase had sundry material that prevented the exit of children. The staircase was also located close to the kitchen. The kitchen used fire logs for cooking unlike other schools, which had gas stoves. The school was overcrowded, having 900 children enrolled. The thatch and the supporting bamboo poles caught fire, fell on the children, and also blocked the exit.
445:
court to include the then collector of the district, J Radhakrishnan, and three others in the case, but it was dismissed. A total of 17 people were charge-sheeted in the case and were set to face trial. The seventeen included
Pulavar Palanichamy, his wife and correspondent of school Saraswati, three teachers, six officers in the education department (elementary), the Kumbakonam municipal commissioner, town planning officer, and four assistants in the education department.
492:
Narayanaswamy, the
District Educational Officer, J. Radhakrishnan, the Assistant Elementary Educational Officer, V. Balasubramanian, the Assistant Elementary Educational Officer (Nursery), K. Balakrishnan and G. Madhavan, Additional Assistant Elementary Educational Officers, P. Devi, R. Mahalakshmi, and T. Anthoniammal, the teachers of the school, R. Sathiyamoorthy, the then Kumbakonam Municipal Commissioner and K. Murugan, the Town Planning Officer.
419:
29:
464:(US$ 62,000). Palanichamy's wife and school correspondent P Saraswathi, headmistress J Santhalakshmi, noon meal organizer R Vijayalakshmi, cook R Vasanthi were sentenced to five years imprisonment. Officials in the district elementary education office, officer R Balaji, his assistant S Sivaprakasam, superintendent T Thandavan, and assistant G Durairaj were also sentenced to five years in jail. Total fine of
360:
the DAV Public School. It was the largest school accident in Tamil Nadu, followed by a private school building collapse in
Madurai during the 1950s that killed 35 girls and injured 137 others. The accident raised several questions on the Tamil Nadu Educational Department on the safety rule implementation, training of school teachers in civil defense, and enforcement of rules imparting education.
407:
building laws were not followed as the school had a thatched kitchen and classroom, had no emergency exits and was a "death trap". The schools had to follow minimum safety standards, the chapter IV on fire and safety of
National Building Code of India 2005 and 14435:1997 states the code of practice of fire safety in educational institutions. A public interest litigation was filed in the
166:. On 16 July 2004, 94 students from the Krishna English Medium School's primary section were killed after the school's thatched roof caught fire. The accident was one of the four most significant fire accidents, the most significant school accident in the history of Tamil Nadu, and the second-largest school fire in India in terms of casualties after the
194:
correspondent of the school
Saraswati, three teachers, six officers of the Elementary Education Department, the Kumbakonam Municipal Commissioner, the town planning officer, and four assistants of the education department. On 30 July 2014, the court sentenced the school founder Pulavar Palanichamy to life imprisonment and fined him
402:
The Tamil Nadu state government deputed a committee under
Justice K. Sampath on 20 July 2004 to inquire into the circumstances and causes of the fire accident. The committee assumed office on 1 August 2004 and was constituted with expert members Dr. Rani Kandhaswami (Former Principal, Lady Willington
173:
A committee set up under retired Judge
Sampath found out that the heavy casualties were due to the management's tactics to admit extra students to a primary school in order to mislead the authorities about the student-teacher ratio. The Chief Minister, who visited the site, ordered the withdrawal of
389:
19 lakh, housing children's amusement equipment in an area of 7,300 sq ft (680 m). The government allotted housing plots to 59 homeless parents of the deceased of the total 89. A charitable trust named Amritha helped construct houses in the plots and the colony was named Amrithapuram.
359:
where 30 people including the bridegroom were killed. The accident was the second in terms of casualties for fire accidents in schools after the one in 1995 in Dabwali, Mandi in Sirsa District of the Haryana State, where 400 people were killed in a school fire during a prize distribution ceremony of
448:
The education department officials were accused of negligence in their duties and the lower level officers for colluding with the officials to obtain and renew the licenses. The three teachers were accused of showing negligence in rescuing the children. Pulavar Palanichamy, Saraswati, and the three
406:
The committee was given a timeline of four months but the timeline was extended four times; the investigation was completed on 30 June 2005. The investigations revealed that the school had not been inspected by the Education Department officials for three years. The fire officials reported that the
380:
Yadava College constructed a park in memory of the 94 children by planting 94 saplings and termed in Kumbakonam Park in an idea to create environmental awareness among future generations. The state government constructed a memorial park near Palakarai, the Cauvery bridge, in Kumbakonam in memory of
363:
The Chief Minister who visited the site ordered the withdrawal of recognition of the three schools, prosecution of the school authorities and the correspondent, Suspension of the Chief Educational Officer, the District Elementary Educational Officer, and the Assistant Elementary Educational Officer
444:
The case trial started after a long delay on 24 September 2012 in the Thanjavur district sessions court. The case had 21 accused and had 488 witnesses that included 18 children affected in the accident. The headmaster, Prabharan, and three others turned approvers. There was a petition filed in the
435:
of Kumbakonam Taluk, Paramasivam, was reported "dishonest" for granting a license under the Tamil Nadu Public Buildings (Licensing) Act, 1965 to the school. The chartered engineer Jayachandran was also held dishonest of giving stability certificate to the building without visiting the school once.
222:
The buildings in the nursery and primary schools had no ventilation. Near the eastern entrance, there was a narrow staircase 4.5 ft (1.4 m) wide leading to the first floor of the building. The layout of the first floor was similar to the ground floor, where classes had no separation, and
231:
On 16 July 2004, a fire broke out, with the school's thatched roof structure catching fire initially. The school started at 9:15 a.m., and during one of the breaks at 10:30 a.m., one of the girl students noticed the fire and alerted the teacher, and the news spread to other classes. The
376:
10,000 to other injured from the Chief Minister’s Public Relief Fund. Counseling sessions were arranged for the children affected by the trauma and arrangements were made to facilitate the surviving children to join other schools. A central minister also visited the site on behalf of the Prime
248:
The deceased children were taken to the government hospital for postmortem. By the end of the day of the accident, 76 children were reported killed, and their bodies had been handed over to their families by the district administration. The Collector of the district administration arranged for
235:
The fire service was informed at 11 a.m., and the personnel arrived in a few minutes. But since they were unprepared for such a large-scale fire, the rescue services were not effective. The locals also helped by breaking the concrete window. The injured children were admitted to the Government
426:
The committee found that the major reason for the heavy casualty was the false tactics of the management to bring the other two school students to the aided primary school to mislead the inspecting authorities about the student-teacher ratio. The management was held responsible for the whole
414:
The school teachers were not trained properly to handle the situation. The investigation revealed that the role of teachers was highly questionable. One view held that most of them found ways to escape themselves rather than saving the children as many came out unscathed. Some of the student
491:
The bench of Madras High Court in Madurai allowed the appeal filed by the state government against the release of 11 accused in the case on 13 September 2014. The eleven who were acquitted by the Principal District Court were B. Palaniswamy, the District Elementary Educational Officer, R.
193:
After a long delay, a trial began on 24 September 2012 in the Thanjavur district court. The case had 21 accused and 488 witnesses, including 18 children who survived the fire. The headmaster Prabharan and three others were charged in the case, along with Pulavar Palanichamy, his wife and
415:
eyewitnesses revealed that the teachers asked them to remain in the classes. However, some hold that the teachers tried their best to rescue the children and some of them asked the children to stay in the classes as they thought the fire was just the regular smoke from the kitchen.
174:
the recognition of the three schools, prosecution of the school authorities and the correspondent, and the suspension of the Chief Educational Officer, the District Elementary Educational Officer, and the Assistant Elementary Educational Officer of the Thanjavur school district.
377:
Minister of India. The relief announced by the state and central government were disbursed on 17 July 2004. The district administration arranged a primary school in Natham village and accommodated 46 students under the Educational Guarantee Scheme of the government.
198:
5,165,700. Eight others, including school staff and officials from Kumbakonam and the state education department, were sentenced to five years imprisonment, and another to two years imprisonment. Eleven of those accused, including three teachers, were acquitted.
249:
temporary wards in the Government hospital for the parents to identify their children. The digging of graves for 56 bodies went on until 2 a.m. the next morning, with the help of additional diggers arranged by the district administration.
189:
10,000 to other injured victims from the Chief Minister’s Public Relief Fund. The district administration arranged another primary school in Natham village and accommodated 46 students under the government's Educational Guarantee Scheme.
403:
Institute of Advanced Studies in Education, Chennai), S.K. Saxena (Fire Officer, Madras Atomic Power Station, Kalpakkam), K. Vijayan (Clinical Psychologist, Institute of Mental Health, Chennai) and P.A. Annamalai (retired Head Master).
393:
The state government constructed a memorial park near Palakarai, Kumbakonam, in memory of the lost lives, which opened on 6 June 2010. The government also allotted housing plots to 59 homeless parents of the 89 deceased students.
430:
Vasanthi, the head cook, lit the oven in the absence of her assistant, Sivasankari, who usually lights it. There were contrasting reports on whether Sivasankari was present in the school during the event. The
952:
488:(US$ 600) but later the court suspended his punishment. The court cleared charges of other eleven accused, including three teachers, six education department officials, and two municipality officers.
920:
207:
There were three schools, namely, Sri Krishna Aided Primary School, Saraswathy Nursery and Primary School, and Sri Krishna Girls High School, operating in the same building in Kasiraman street in
817:
1521:
986:
1020:
1511:
1516:
268:
to treat the injured. The casualty increased to 90, 89 of whom were identified and handed over to the parents. Some of the injured were shifted to private hospitals in
960:
457:
The trial was concluded on 17 July 2014. On 30 July 2014, Thanjavur district session court sentenced school founder Pulavar Palanichamy to life imprisonment and fined
449:
teachers filed petitions in the lower court to discharge them from the case. Their plea was dismissed both in the lower court and Madras High Court on 14 July 2012.
390:
In 2012, 25 families of the victims constructed an Amritha Vinayagar temple on the premises in memory of the lost lives. The temple was consecrated on 21 June 2012.
280:
as requested by the parents. There were 65 who were still undergoing treatment on 16 July, although four of them later died, increasing the total death toll to 94.
1476:
1212:
930:
71:
1167:
1366:
994:
827:
411:
by Avinash Mehrotra quoting the accident and pleading protection of life and safety of school children across various other schools in India.
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1135:
1093:
759:
576:
1351:
1336:
1316:
791:
1526:
1391:
1341:
1331:
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1072:
1486:
1471:
1361:
1371:
1205:
1445:
520:
1146:
1083:
1062:
1491:
1381:
1125:
1104:
1506:
1481:
1386:
1346:
352:
64:
1496:
1440:
1198:
344:
237:
1430:
1288:
253:
1174:
1321:
1306:
408:
1356:
1298:
167:
1311:
348:
1501:
1248:
1376:
1230:
925:
822:
501:
331:
155:
769:
586:
1326:
1283:
1152:
1131:
1110:
1089:
1068:
261:
481:
The chartered engineer, B Jayachandran was sentenced to two years of jail time and a fine of
1258:
1253:
418:
1042:
S., Mohamed Imranullah (13 September 2014). "State files appeal in Kumbakonam fire case".
708:
28:
1435:
1414:
106:
1465:
1278:
1021:"Kumbakonam fire tragedy: School founder, wife and eight others sentenced to jail"
528:
343:
The accident was one of the four major fire accidents in the state following the
382:
212:
1173:(Report). School Education Department, Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from
1273:
1263:
1234:
1221:
550:
269:
265:
216:
208:
163:
151:
57:
86:
73:
1409:
1401:
1268:
764:
581:
432:
356:
381:
the lost lives. The park was opened by the then Deputy Chief Minister,
277:
273:
257:
1145:
Banerjee, Abhijit Vinayak; Benabou, Roland; Mookherjee, Dilip (2006).
886:
33:
The school after the fire with the pictures of the deceased children
1168:
Justice K. Sampath Inquiry Commission report on Krishna School Fire
417:
159:
887:"Avinash Mehrotra vs Union Of India & Ors. on 13 April, 2009"
987:"School head gets life term in Kumbakonam tragedy, 10 convicted"
1194:
953:"HC dismissed discharge plea of 17 accused in school fire case"
351:
on 6 August 2001 that killed 30 mentally challenged people and
181:
1,000,000 was provided to the next of the kin of the deceased,
132:
1 (life imprisonment), 8 (five years jail), 1 (two years jail)
1190:
236:
hospital in Kumbakonam and some of them later got shifted to
422:
Kumbakonam school fire memorial located near Kaveri bridge
471:(US$ 63,000) was imposed and ordered the compensation of
368:
one lakh was provided to the relatives of the deceased,
818:"Parents construct temple for Kumbakonam fire victims"
385:
on 6 June 2010. The park was constructed at a cost of
1423:
1400:
1297:
1241:
527:. New Delhi, India. 9 December 2011. Archived from
324:Oh Almighty! show your grace on those little ones"
136:
128:
120:
112:
102:
63:
53:
38:
551:"83 children killed in school fire in Kumbakonam"
316:Oh Almighty! bless those parents wailing in grief
312:Oh Almighty! show your grace on those little ones
921:"Student deposes in Kumbakonam school fire case"
306:Usually, departed old parents and buried by sons
1522:Building and structure collapses caused by fire
322:And bring down the pain and wipe away the tears
293:
364:of Thanjur school district. A compensation of
320:May Thy compassion and grace pervade all souls
1206:
8:
709:"Prayer for departed children of Kumbakonam"
690:
688:
686:
347:on 7 June 1997, when 60 people were killed,
318:To have the strength to bear this great loss
300:And You were all immersed in your own dreams
252:On 16 July, additional doctors arrived from
21:
1085:Profitable Management for the Subcontractor
760:"Park in memory of Kumbakonam fire victims"
644:
642:
640:
302:Yet, Agni engulfed you and all those dreams
256:, JIPMER Medical College Hospital, C.M.C.,
1213:
1199:
1191:
826:. Kumbakonam. 16 June 2012. Archived from
730:
728:
726:
661:
659:
657:
336:Prayer for departed children of Kumbakonam
310:Crying parents burying their little ones!!
296:"Oh dear little ones! Oh dear little ones!
290:Prayer for departed children of Kumbakonam
27:
20:
1512:Building and structure collapses in India
1088:. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Education.
768:. Madurai. 23 August 2004. Archived from
1517:Building and structure collapses in 2004
304:Taking you to Almighty's divine presence
1014:
1012:
959:. Madurai. 14 July 2012. Archived from
512:
314:And keep them in Thy holiest presence!!
16:2004 School fire accident in Tamil Nadu
1064:All You Wanted To Know About Disasters
1477:Building and structure fires in India
980:
978:
478:(US$ 600) to parents of each victim.
308:Whereas, Kumbakonam, saw a sad scene!
7:
792:"Stalin inaugurates children's park"
521:"Chronology of major fire accidents"
298:For you, parents had glorious dream!
185:25,000 to the severely injured, and
1127:Historical Dictionary of the Tamils
372:25,000 to the severely injured and
14:
1124:Ramaswamy, Vijaya (22 May 2007).
1109:. Socio Legal Information Cent.
929:. 5 October 2012. Archived from
577:"87 children die in school fire"
1446:Central Bus Station Kumbakonam
908:Inquiry Commission report 2005
885:D., Bhandari (13 April 2009).
849:Inquiry Commission report 2005
695:Inquiry Commission report 2005
677:
649:Inquiry Commission report 2005
632:Inquiry Commission report 2005
620:Inquiry Commission report 2005
608:Inquiry Commission report 2005
585:. 17 July 2004. Archived from
1:
860:
711:. National Informatics Centre
1347:Kottaiyur Kodeeswarar temple
1166:Sampath, K. (30 June 2005).
985:Rajaram, R. (30 July 2014).
707:Kalam, A.P.J. Abdul (2004).
1451:2004 Kumbakonam School fire
1367:Kambatta Visvanathar Temple
1151:. Oxford University Press.
907:
848:
694:
648:
631:
619:
607:
148:2004 Kumbakonam school fire
1543:
1441:Kumbakonam railway station
1352:Amirthakalasanathar Temple
872:
734:
665:
345:Brihadeeswarar Temple fire
1527:July 2004 events in India
1228:
1106:Supreme Court on Children
1082:Teets, Robert L. (2007).
1019:Gokul, R (30 July 2014).
798:. Kumbakonam. 7 June 2010
746:
238:Thanjavur Medical College
26:
1431:Kumbakonam Degree Coffee
1067:. New India Publishing.
150:happened in a school in
1487:Disasters in Tamil Nadu
1472:2004 disasters in India
1337:Kalahasteeswarar Temple
1317:Kasi Viswanathar Temple
1103:Walsh, Vincent (2011).
353:fire at a marriage hall
254:Kilpauk Medical College
1392:Rajagopalaswamy Temple
1307:Adi Kumbeswarar Temple
423:
409:Supreme Court of India
355:on 23 January 2005 at
327:
42:16 July 2004
22:Kumbakonam School fire
1372:Ekambareswarar Temple
1357:Banapuriswarar Temple
1342:Gowthameswarar Temple
1148:Understanding Poverty
1061:B.K., Khanna (2005).
539:– via HighBeam.
421:
168:Dabwali fire accident
87:10.97000°N 79.42000°E
1492:School fires in Asia
1362:Abimukeswarar Temple
1312:Airavatesvara Temple
349:Erwadi fire incident
1507:Crime in Tamil Nadu
1482:2000s in Tamil Nadu
1130:. Scarecrow Press.
963:on 25 December 2013
957:The Hindustan Times
933:on 27 December 2013
830:on 27 December 2013
772:on 14 November 2004
83: /
23:
1497:2004 fires in Asia
1377:Sarangapani Temple
1322:Kumbeswarar Temple
926:The Times of India
823:The Times of India
502:Mahamaham Stampede
424:
332:A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
177:A compensation of
156:Thanjavur district
92:10.97000; 79.42000
1459:
1458:
1382:Chakrapani Temple
1327:Someswarar Temple
1284:Thiruvidaimarudur
1158:978-0-19-988545-9
1137:978-0-8108-6445-0
1095:978-0-07-063387-2
144:
143:
1534:
1387:Ramaswamy Temple
1332:Nageswara Temple
1249:Revenue Division
1215:
1208:
1201:
1192:
1181:
1179:
1172:
1162:
1141:
1120:
1099:
1078:
1048:
1047:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1016:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
997:on 5 August 2014
993:. Archived from
982:
973:
972:
970:
968:
949:
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940:
938:
917:
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905:
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375:
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339:
211:, a town in the
197:
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98:
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31:
24:
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1455:
1419:
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1237:
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1219:
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1184:
1180:on 7 June 2011.
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1075:
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889:. Indian Kanoon
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589:on 18 July 2004
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531:on 10 June 2014
525:Hindustan Times
519:
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1436:Arasalar River
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1289:Tirubuvanam
1023:. Thanjavur
967:30 November
937:30 November
893:30 November
834:30 November
802:30 November
776:30 November
737:, pp. 51-52
715:30 November
593:30 November
561:30 November
535:30 November
383:M.K. Stalin
137:Convictions
90: /
65:Coordinates
1502:Kumbakonam
1466:Categories
1274:Swamimalai
1235:Tamil Nadu
1222:Kumbakonam
1054:References
1046:. Madurai.
873:Walsh 2011
735:Walsh 2011
668:, p. 103-4
666:Teets 2007
555:Rediff.com
270:Kumbakonam
266:Coimbatore
240:hospital.
217:Tamil Nadu
209:Kumbakonam
203:Background
164:Tamil Nadu
152:Kumbakonam
78:79°25′12″E
75:10°58′12″N
58:Kumbakonam
46:2004-07-16
1402:Mahamaham
1269:Darasuram
1231:Thanjavur
1044:The Hindu
991:The Hindu
851:, pp. 1-2
796:The Hindu
765:The Hindu
747:B.K. 2005
582:The Hindu
469:5,257,000
462:5,165,700
433:Tahsildar
357:Srirangam
284:Aftermath
215:state of
162:state of
1410:Festival
863:, p. 298
749:, p. 190
651:, p. 115
622:, p. 107
610:, p. 103
496:See also
227:Accident
54:Location
1299:Temples
1027:31 July
1001:31 July
875:, p. 57
680:, p. 67
453:Verdict
278:Chennai
274:Madurai
258:Vellore
244:Victims
158:of the
154:in the
129:Verdict
121:Charges
44: (
1424:Topics
1155:
1134:
1113:
1092:
1071:
486:50,000
476:50,000
338:, 2004
276:, and
264:, and
160:Indian
113:Deaths
1259:Block
1254:Taluk
1178:(PDF)
1171:(PDF)
508:Notes
440:Legal
262:Salem
103:Cause
1415:Tank
1264:Town
1153:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1090:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1029:2014
1003:2014
969:2013
939:2013
895:2013
836:2013
804:2013
778:2013
717:2013
595:2013
563:2013
537:2013
146:The
107:Fire
39:Date
1468::
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48:)
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