170:, and he checked into a hospital the next day. By mid-December, the Ministry of Health had received reports of deaths from an illness featuring fever and generalized bleeding. Mild cases had likely gone undetected for weeks before the region's mosquito populations climbed after one of the area's heaviest recorded rain seasons. 11 deaths from RVF were reported in Garissa by December 20. Cases of began to cluster in Garissa and Baringo counties areas that had been having high livestock mortality and morbidity rates, which attracted the Kenya Ministry of Health's attention.
73:
153:
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The outbreak peaked on
December 27, when Garissa's authorities issued a ban on slaughtering livestock. Other county's began to follow suit with their own bans on the slaughtering of animals, wary of transmission from slaughtered animals. The Baringo district experienced a total of 169 cases of RVF. A
265:
and died in the
Baringo District on 9 March 2007. At least 394 hospital confirmed cases of RVF were ultimately fatal. The outbreak highlighted the necessity of monitoring livestock for RVF before disease can become widespread enough in herds to significantly spread to humans. Even though animals in
165:
Unusually heavy rains in Kenya's eastern and coastal regions caused widespread flooding in
October 2006 and provided extensive breeding grounds for mosquitos capable of transmitting Rift Valley fever. On 30 November 2006 a man identified as the RVF index case began to show symptoms in Kenya's
127:
mosquitos, with particularly heavy rainfall over eastern Kenya, central
Tanzania, and southern Somalia. While most people infected with the virus experience a relatively mild, flu-like illness without hospitalization, around 8% will develop a severe illness that can include
218:) testing, sending them a PCR testing machine and reagents for detecting RVF in samples. The United Nations Emergency Coordination group send funding and equipment to Tanzania, while the WHO sent teams to train Tanzania's clinicians in patient care and diagnostic testing.
274:
began establishing surveillance teams to monitor emerging pneumonias, diarrheal disease, and febrile illnesses West Kenya's domestic animal herds, with the goal of such increased surveillance being to detect future outbreaks in animals before they reach humans.
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The WHO alerted the Global
Outbreak and Response Network (GOARN) on December 22 and, in response to a January 2 request for help, sent an 11-member team from GOARNS partners to assist the Ministry of Health in addition regional, provincial governments.
525:
400:
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Heavy rainstorms over southern
Somalia in December brought about and influx of mosquitos that quickly spread the disease among domestic herds. By late December, 3 cases had been confirmed in
399:
Munyua, Peninah; Murithi, Rees; Wainwright, Sherrilyn; Githinji, Jane; Hightower, Allen; Mutonga, David; Macharia, Joseph; Ithondeka, Peter; Breiman, Rober (5 August 2010).
99:. During outbreak, 1062 people were infected with Rift Valley fever and 394 people died between December 2006 and December 2007. Rift Valley fever (RVF) is caused by a
222:
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In Kenya the CDC Atlanta-Special
Pathogens Branch began training staff for the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries Development in Polymerase Chain Reaction (
609:"Weekly Epidemiological Record, No. 20: Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever in Kenya, Somalia and United Republic of Tanzania, December 2006–April 2007"
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698:
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had shown signs of disease since
December 2006, the first human case was not reported until 25 January 2007. The CDC in partnership with the
738:
683:
733:
723:
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and dozens of other cases were suspected across
Somalia's southern regions. On 20 February 2007, 51 deaths were reported in Somalia.
492:"Lessons from the 2006–2007 Rift Valley fever outbreak in East Africa: implications for prevention of emerging infectious diseases"
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678:
673:
576:
638:
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Cases of RVF were first reported in livestock on 18 January 2007, with the first human case being confirmed in the
718:
215:
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703:
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Marshlands west of Lake
Baringo were flooded, contributing to populations of mosquitos that could spread RVF.
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and contact with infected animal blood; it mainly infects livestock that come into infectious contact with a
271:
137:
708:
693:
140:
and death. During this outbreak, of the 1,062 hospitalized, laboratory-confirmed RVF cases (via anti-RVF
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Breiman, Robert; Njenga, Kariuki; Cleaveland, Sarah; Sharif, SK; Murithi, Mbabu; King, Lonnie (2008).
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308:
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and Morogoro regions. By 3 May 2007, 264 cases and 109 deaths had been confirmed by authorities.
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Virologists collected over 296,000 mosquitos and tested over 72,000 for Rift Valley Fever via
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region in mid-February. By mid-March, new clusters of the disease were detected in the
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526:"Rift Valley Fever Virus Epidemic in Kenya, 2006/2007: The Entomologic Investigations"
72:
667:
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mosquitos. Most human cases were the result of viraemic exposure to animal tissue.
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133:
105:
76:
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ban on the slaughtering of animals was imposed by the Kenyan Ministry of Health.
608:
366:
129:
100:
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419:
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118:
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507:
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437:
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rain season across East Africa left greater than usual breeding ground for
298:"Rift Valley Fever could spread with movement of animals from East Africa"
96:
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species. The virus was also observed for the first time to be infecting
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but human beings can also be infected. The outbreak began after a heavy
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199:
461:"Rift Valley Fever Outbreak --- Kenya, November 2006--January 2007"
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88:
71:
622:: 168–180. 18 May 2007 – via World Health Organization.
401:"Rift Valley Fever Outbreak in Livestock in Kenya, 2006–2007"
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in Kapiti, Kenya. Butchering livestock transmitted the virus.
639:"WHO | Rift Valley Fever in the United Republic of Tanzania"
533:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
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The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
60:
52:
42:
34:
26:
21:
22:2006-2007 East African Rift Valley fever outbreak
223:reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
225:, with positive results from mosquitos in the
8:
577:"Floods Raise Water Levels on Lake Victoria"
261:The last case of RVF was confirmed in the
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83:East Africa had a regional outbreak of
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210:International response and research
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307:. December 2007. Archived from
109:order which is transmitted by
1:
699:Disease outbreaks in Tanzania
616:Weekly Epidemiological Record
689:Disease outbreaks in Somalia
87:in late 2006 that affected
755:
739:2007 disasters in Tanzania
684:Disease outbreaks in Kenya
545:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0319
510:– via Research Gate.
420:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0292
16:East Africa fever outbreak
734:2007 disasters in Somalia
724:2006 disasters in Somalia
581:earthobservatory.nasa.gov
367:"Rift Valley Fever (RVF)"
508:10.2217/17460794.3.5.411
38:Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania
729:2007 disasters in Kenya
524:Sang, Rosemary (2010).
272:University of Edinburgh
679:2007 disease outbreaks
674:2006 disease outbreaks
157:
80:
155:
75:
263:Rift Valley Province
251:Cx. bitaeniorhynchus
144:) assays, 37% died.
649:on October 21, 2014
338:"Rift Valley fever"
414:(2_Suppl): 58–64.
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81:
467:. 31 January 2007
138:hemorrhagic fever
85:Rift Valley fever
70:
69:
30:Rift Valley fever
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719:2007 in Tanzania
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645:. Archived from
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714:2007 in Somalia
704:2006 in Somalia
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539:(2 Suppl): 29.
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496:Future Virology
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247:Cx. univitattus
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115:viral reservoir
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44:Confirmed cases
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27:Pathogen strain
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502:(5): 411–417.
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268:Baringo County
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243:Ae. pembaensis
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168:Garissa County
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709:2007 in Kenya
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314:on 2020-03-25
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651:. Retrieved
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585:. Retrieved
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469:. Retrieved
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134:encephalitis
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106:Bunyavirales
104:
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77:Boran cattle
465:www.cdc.gov
374:www.CDC.gov
342:www.who.int
130:eye disease
101:phlebovirus
668:Categories
653:2020-03-25
587:2019-06-23
471:2019-06-23
347:2020-03-25
318:2020-03-25
279:References
188:Lower Juba
257:Aftermath
231:Anopheles
53:Recovered
563:20682903
438:20682907
194:Tanzania
148:Epidemic
97:Tanzania
35:Location
554:2913497
429:2913503
379:20 June
305:FAO.org
239:Masonia
182:Somalia
119:El Niño
103:in the
93:Somalia
561:
551:
436:
426:
249:, and
237:, and
204:Dodoma
200:Arusha
95:, and
62:Deaths
612:(PDF)
529:(PDF)
404:(PDF)
370:(PDF)
312:(PDF)
301:(PDF)
235:Culex
227:Aedes
161:Kenya
89:Kenya
559:PMID
434:PMID
381:2019
48:1064
643:WHO
549:PMC
541:doi
504:doi
424:PMC
416:doi
216:PCR
142:ImG
66:394
56:670
670::
641:.
628:^
620:82
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537:83
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516:^
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
