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was automatically notified; and the cow was examined before and after its death by a government vet. The veterinarian determined that the cow was suffering from complications of calving. Samples of tissue were taken for further testing for BSE. Parts of the cow with a high risk of transmitting the BSE prion were removed but may have been sent for "inedible rendering" into food for non-ruminant animals. The carcass itself was allowed to continue on for further processing into human food at other facilities. On 23 December 2003 when tests proved positive for BSE, a recall was made. The contaminated meat had not entered the commercial market. Offspring of the cow were destroyed. South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan banned imports of US beef.
426:"Most Koreans eat 85 parts of the cow…that are highly susceptible to prions that huddle in certain areas of the brain, eyes, intestines, spinal cords and backbones." Despite compliance with OIE rules, "the first three shipments of U.S. beef to Korea contained bone fragments, including one shipment that contained an entire spine were banned over disease concerns last October." Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare, degenerative, invariably fatal brain disorder. Typically, onset of symptoms occurs at approximately the age of 60. About 90 percent of patients die within one year.
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451:, the U.S. ambassador to South Korea to discuss beef imports. Further talks were held between 11 and 17 April 2008. On 18 April U.S. and South Korean negotiators reached an agreement on the sanitary rules that Korea would require of U.S. beef imports. The agreement allowed imports of all cuts of U.S. beef (both boneless and bone-in) and certain beef products, including those from cattle over 30 months old. Processors had to remove material known to risk BSE prion transmission. President Lee visited President George W. Bush at
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care to the people of South Korea for political gain by ignoring their concern about BSE prion transmission and by lowering tariffs on imported beef. Korea agreed to remove a 40% tariff on beef muscle meat imported from the U.S. for a period of 15 years. Korea could however, impose temporary tariffs if there was a surge of U.S. beef imports above specified levels.
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May/1 June, when the police first used water cannons, tear gas, and fire extinguishers, and 28/29 June, the weekend following the government's announcement that US beef imports would resume. The decision to use water cannons and fire extinguishers contributed to the mass resignation of all 14 members of the Korean
National Police Agency's human rights committee.
664:(office and residence of the president). The protestors named the barrier, "Myung-bak's Fortress" and decorated it with leaflets and large Korean flags. They photographed themselves standing on the barrier. It was dismantled several days later without conflict. Water cannons were used to suppress protestors. Some demonstrators were detained for questioning. The
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Internet and text messaging also assisted in publicising the movement. With ready access to social media, among the first to protest were teenage schoolgirls. A teenage schoolgirl holding a lit candle became the symbol of the anti-US beef protests. Comments made by some protestors had little basis in
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On 27 April 2008, MBC televised a program called "Is
American Beef Really Safe from Mad Cow Disease?" The program precipitated mass demonstrations. After a complaint was received from the South Korean agriculture ministry, the Seoul central prosecutors' office formed a team of five to investigate the
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On 23 December 2003, a first case of BSE in the US was found in
Washington state. The Holstein cow had been imported from Canada in 2001. On 9 December the 6.5-year-old cow was slaughtered. The cow was a "downer" (a cow that is unable to walk). For that reason, the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)
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On 22 June 2008, an
American trade envoy headed by Susan C. Schwab, agreed with the Korean prime minister and agriculture minister to limit the export of meat to that from carcasses of cattle less than 30 months old with government certification of their age and to allow Korea to inspect a sample of
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Concerns that some commentators raised about the program included, MBC's statements about a genetic vulnerability of
Koreans to CJD; the US exporting cattle over 30 months old to Korea rather than selling it to the domestic market; and, the risk of contracting CJD by consuming beef products such as
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cars, as the former vice president of
Hyundai Corporation. "Mr. Lee hoped his decision to end the five-year-old ban on American beef would help win United States Congressional support for a free trade agreement between the countries. Congressional leaders have warned that they will never ratify the
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Demonstrators accused Lee of reversing the ban on imports of U.S. beef in haste, giving the U.S. unwarranted concessions, so that Korea would receive a favorable reception, particularly with respect to ratifying the proposed free trade agreement. The demonstrators said Lee had abandoned his duty of
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By 2006, sixty-five nations had full or partial restrictions on the importation of US beef. Export sales of US beef fell from $ 3.8 billion in 2003 to $ 1.4 billion in 2005. An attempt to reopen the South Korean market to US beef imports in 2006 (restricted to boneless meat from cattle less than 30
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From
December 2009 to December 2010 the US meat export federation (USMEF) used a 3 phase project called, "To trust". It was an image campaign, designed to increase the trust of Koreans in US beef. It depicted three women who were mothers and homemakers. One was a rancher, one a scientist and one a
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The protests were for the most part peaceful and given its size and duration, both the protesters and the police showed notable organization and restraint. However, there were sporadic incidents of violence, as riot police and protesters clashed. The two main flashpoints of violence occurred on 31
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Resulting in over 200 injuries and over 1,000 arrests, the issue had far-reaching effects, including a large outcry from groups philosophically opposed to civil disobedience. "Police estimated that 60,000 people, including 7,000 monks clad in gray
Buddhist garb, gathered in front of City Hall in
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cows are animals presented for slaughter that are sick or unable to walk. One of many causes for a downer is BSE. MBC was criticised for broadcasting footage of downer cows with translated subtitles that suggested they suffered from BSE, whereas they were filmed because of animal cruelty concerns,
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President Bush welcomed the decision of the Korean government to resume the import of U.S. beef, based on international standards and science. The two presidents pledged to make every effort to urge their respective legislatures to approve the KORUS FTA (Korean US Free trade agreement) within this
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Natively referred to as the "Million
Citizen Protests," the events comprised nation's largest anti-government movement in two decades, drawing hundreds of thousands of citizens daily and 1,700 civic groups over a span of three months. The conflict escalated to over 770,000 protesters in contention
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broadcast, the US beef protests in Seoul increased. A three-day demonstration held in relay took place from 5 June 2008 to 7 June 2008. Attendance peaked on the evening of 10 June 2008, (80,000 protestors in attendance) before declining. (Photographs depicting the demonstrations from "Reuters",
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Contrary to FDA regulations and those specified by the Free Trade
Agreement, only 5 out of 57 local companies requested for packages to be checked. There was a 3% inspection from US and 1% inspection agreement from Australia/New Zealand. The sample packages were inspected solely for labeling
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program; aggravation of civil unrest; and, defamation of the minister for agriculture. In June 2009, four producers and one writer were indicted on the charges. In January 2010, the MBC staff were exonerated by judges of the Seoul central district court. The supreme court upheld the findings.
647:. However, some massive, disruptive and sometimes aggressive demonstrations and street marches were held each night, particularly at weekends. Thus, the protest had two faces: more peaceful during the day and more violent at night. About 200 protestors required hospital treatment.
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After the initial demonstration, the area in front of Seoul's city hall, as well as the adjoining streets, were occupied by demonstrators. Early in the protest, a festival like atmosphere prevailed as protesters of all walks of life, built a makeshift tent city on the lawn at
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That decision set off a firestorm of controversy, leading hundreds of thousands of citizens to come out in the spring and early summer of 2008 in protest over the resumed imports and against the corrupt chaebol government. Media reports, public networks, and
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On 1 July 2008, U.S. beef imports resumed. In 2009, the US exported 141 million lbs of beef to South Korea worth $ 215 million. In 2017, the United States became the top beef exporter to South Korea, with a record of sending 177,445 tonnes.
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On 1 June 2008, police took action to control demonstrators. Buses and shipping containers were used to halt the progress of street marches. A barrier of shipping containers were erected across Sejong-Ro to stop marchers from reaching
334:. The protest involved several hundred thousand and at its height up to one million people. The protest began after the South Korean government reversed a ban on US beef imports. The ban had been in place since December 2003, when
224:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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of Lee fell below 20%. Prime Minister Han Seung-soo and other cabinet members submitted their resignations to President Lee. On 22 May and then again on 18 June 2008, Lee apologised for ignoring public health concerns. Lee said,
1313:"U.S.-South Korea Beef Dispute: Issues and Status." Jurenas, Remy (Specialist in Agricultural Policy) and Manyin, Mark E. (Specialist in Asian Affairs). 23 September 2010. Congressional research service. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
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U.S. slaughterhouses. The agreement also included the banning of importation to Korea of meat from cattle organs considered high risk for transmission of the BSE prion such as brains, eyes, skulls and spinal cord. Schwab said,
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discrepancies, instead of the presence of disease. Although there were many confirmed cases of BSE in brain scans and medical tests performed on the public, the true death toll of these policies has yet to be calculated.
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Some commentators argue that there is a long-held and perpetual "culture of protest" in South Korea involving groups ranging from anarchists to social reformers. Anti US beef protests began on 24 May 2008. After the MBC
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uncovered the new president's policies to be putting South Koreans' health at risk of contracting mad cow disease. The deal sparked public outrage for exposing the country to a higher risk of mad cow disease.
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On 6 July, the Catholic Priests' Association for Justice, an influential religious group known for its struggle against the dictatorships, lead an outdoor Mass to lend its moral support to the protesters.
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We look forward to safe, affordable, high-quality American beef – the same beef enjoyed by hundreds of millions of U.S. consumers and people in countries around the world – soon arriving on Korean tables.
514:. The MBC broadcast showed footage of Vinson's mother speaking about her daughter's illness. Translated subtitles suggested Vinson had vCJD, but that was only one initial diagnostic possibility.
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I should have paid attention to what people want. Sitting on a hill near Cheongwadae on the night of 10 June, watching the candlelight vigil, I blamed myself for not serving the people better.
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1361:"The proposed U.S.-South Korea free trade agreement (KORUS FTA): provisions and implications" 17 October 2008. Cooper W. et al. Congressional research service report. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
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423:. In contrast, the first phase of Korea's agreement allows bone-in beef 30 months or younger while the second phase allows "specified products from animals over 30 months at a later date."
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months old) failed when the South Korean government discovered bone chips in a shipment of 3.2 tons of meat. Sporadic attempts made in the following year also failed for similar reasons.
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A close up picture of Candle-light girl, an iconic character created by protest organizers. The slogan reads, "All candles together, till our goals are achieved". Photo taken in front of
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have a long history of military and security cooperation. I don't think this or any other individual issues are going to change the fundamental relations (between the two countries).
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Japan is allowed "imports of beef and beef products aged 20 months or younger" as a "'scientifically sound and internationally recognized standard,'" stated US Agriculture secretary
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program. MBC apologised in a two-minute broadcast, conceding that six translation errors had been made and that downer cattle had been mistakenly identified as suffering from BSE.
1926:"U.S. beef and cattle industry: background statistics and information." 25 April 2012. Economic Research Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 15 June 2012
1878:"Free trade agreement will support US beef recovery in South Korea." Halstrom, Dan. Senior vice president of global marketing & communications – U.S. meat export federation.
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Lee also delayed the announcement of any further relaxation of beef importation rules, for example, importation of meat from cattle over 30 months of age. On 2 July 2008,
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to eat with his family at his official residence to alleviate public worries about U.S. beef. The same amount of Korean beef would have cost approximately 800,000
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Demonstrations involving tens of thousands of people began shortly after the first broadcast, and increased when MBC aired another segment two weeks later.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The government of South Korea directed its prosecutors office to investigate alleged actions of the MBC including mis-representations made by the
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Susan Krause, "United States Urges Japan to Stay Engaged on Beef Standards," Embassy of the United States , Beef and BSE Issues, 19 April 2005
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1280:"S. Korea, U.S. to hold technical meeting on U.S. beef." 30 April 2007. Thebeefsite.com. Farm week. 5M enterprises. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
1726:"Rally against a beef import agreement brings clashes with police." World business. Associated press. 25 May 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
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1607:"South Korean Internet catches "mad cow madness"" Jon Herskovitz and Rhee So-eui. Reuters. 13 June 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
1581:"No more U.S. beef: 80-thousand people protested against U.S. beef in Seoul." 6 November 2008. ABC news. Retrieved 16 June 2012.
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1262:"Second Shipment of U.S. Beef Rejected." 2 December 2006. Thebeefsite.com. Farm week. 5M enterprises. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Korean Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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1417:"Prosecutors say PD Diary deliberately twisted facts." Ser, Myo-ja, staff reporter. 30 July 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2008.
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NINDS Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Information Page, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 20 June 2008.
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program "Is American Beef Really Safe from Mad Cow Disease? (긴급취재, 미국산 쇠고기, 과연 광우병에서 안전한가)" televised on 27 April 2008.
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In 2009, a small number of demonstrators commemorated the anniversary of the 2008 protests. They forcibly occupied the
1428:"Woman on 'PD Diary' did not die of mad cow." 7 April 2009. "Food safety information website". Retrieved 12 June 2012.
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1674:"13 Dec 05 - United States Urges Japan To Stay Engaged on Beef Standards - Embassy of the United States Seoul, Korea"
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1893:"Hi Seoul' opening hit by protests from past." Jang, Joo-young and Lee, Min-yong. 4 May 2009. Retrieved 15 June 2012
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1752:"Policing the candlelight protests in South Korea". Amnesty International. 25 August 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2012
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rejected the notion that the U.S. had bullied S. Korea into removing the 2003 ban on U.S. beef imports and said,
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The 2008 Candlelight Protest in South Korea: Articulating the Paradox of Resistance in Neoliberal Globalization
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1700:"Tens of thousands of monks rally in Seoul against alleged discrimination" The New York Times, 27 August 2008.
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1525:"Court declares MBC not guilty on mad cow report in 2008." Park, Si-soo staff reporter. 20 January 2010.
1324:"Full Text of S. Korea-U.S. Summit Statement" 20 April 2008. The Asia Foundation. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
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In 2008, the then new Lee Myung-bak government agreed, after extensive negotiations, to restart imports.
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Several workers' unions went on strike to show their opposition to the beef import. One of them is the
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was a series of protest demonstrations made between 24 May 2008 and mid August 2008. against president
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Christine Ahn, "South Korea's Beef with America" Foreign Policy in Focus, Washington DC, 13 June 2008.
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A fast food restaurant in Seoul reassuring customers that they are using "clean beef from Australia".
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1815:"South Korea delays resumption of U.S. beef imports." Reuters. 2 June 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
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1335:"Question and answer: South Korea beef protests" BBC News. 25 June 2008. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
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The head of the US FDA at the time was Ann M. Veneman, a former lobbyist for the food industry.
345:. Critics accused the move as an attempt by the Korean government to please the US government.
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1119:"Countries move to ban U.S. beef" CNN International. 24 December 2003. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
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1402:"Prosecutors expanding probe into TV report". Ser, Myo-ja, staff reporter. 27 June 2008.
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1663:"Over 200 injured in S. Korea beef protests." AFP. 29 June 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
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South Korea was once the third-largest importer of US beef. This changed when in 2003
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1797:"S. Korean cabinet offers to quit after beef protests" Choe, Sang-hun. 10 June 2008.
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stage in front of the city hall in central Seoul. The police removed the protestors.
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1372:"South Korea's Hyundai seen to weather U.S. trade deal" Reuters, 6 December 2010.
1236:"Canada confirms 15th outbreak of mad cow disease" Yonhap News, 18 November 2008.
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1856:"US reconfirms strong alliance with S. Korea despite beef crisis." 1 July 2008.
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1566:"Citizens, students, unionists start 3-day rally." Kang, Shin-woo. 5 June 2008.
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Local media also criticized the government's attempt. An example of this is the
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The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of
1841:"South Korea and US reach deal on beef imports." Choe, Sang-hun. 22 June 2008.
1291:"Lee made beef deal before Bush talks in 2008." Igiauer, Phillip, 9 June 2011.
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called for MBC to apologise to the public over misrepresentations made in the
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On 17 January 2008 representatives of the president of South Korea met with
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Elise Yoon, "Largest Crowd in Anti-Lee Myung-Bak Protests" The Seoul Times.
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1555:"Gusts of popular feeling" eBlogger, 13 June 2008. Retrieved 14 June 2012.
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powdered soup base in instant noodles, cosmetics, and gelatin medication.
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1737:"Container barricade blocks demonstrators." Kim, Tae-jong. 10 June 2008.
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1514:"South Korea – Amnesty International Report 2010." Accessed 13 June 2012.
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1439:"Mad cow thesis twisted out of all proportion." Editorial. 9 May 2008.
1163:"A Strategic Move by Korea's Trade Minister?" ChosunIlbo, 17 June 2008.
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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report on the human rights aspects of the demonstrations is published
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Lee Myung-bak's popularity plummeted after the decision and protests.
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1082:"An Anger in Korea Over More Than Beef" Choe Sang-Hun, 12 June 2008.
1711:"Container barricade draws spotlight." Park, Si-soo. 11 June 2008.
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pact unless South Korea fully opens its market to American beef."
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1346:"Lee made beef deal before Bush talks in 2008" Igiauer, Phillip,
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Embassy of the United States , Beef and BSE Issues, 19 April 2005
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1469:"What to do about media fabrications." Editorial. 27 June 2008.
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MBC became the subject of legal action. On 12 August 2008, the
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The protests occurred on a background of talks concerning the
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Protesters lit up their candles in downtown Seoul, 3 May 2008.
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969:"south-koreans-gather-en-masse-for-protest-against-president"
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1826:"Seoul struggles to defuse US beef imports." Fifield, Anna.
1210:"Foreign Policy In Focus | South Korea's Beef with America"
1618:"Gone is solemnity at rallies" Kim, Rahn. Staff reporter.
1454:"The medium is the monster." Yang, Sang-hoon. 7 May 2008.
381:(BSE), was detected in US beef. Imports were then halted.
1937:"U.S. regains status as top beef exporter to South Korea"
1633:"Seoul plaza suffering under mass rallies" 15 June 2008.
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Stacked shipping containers in downtown Seoul blocking
1384:"S. Korean Cabinet Offers to Quit After Beef Protests"
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1648:"Anti-US beef rallies have two faces." Kim, Rahn.
1130:"Bad cow disease." Krugman, Paul. 13 June 2008.
910:"Anti-U.S. beef protest draws 100,000 S.Koreans"
837:South Korea – United States Free Trade Agreement
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1503:. Asia media archives. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
242:accompanying your translation by providing an
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443:2008 – Lee's reversal of the beef import ban
1764:"Beef Protest Turns Violent in South Korea"
1046:"Beef Protest Turns Violent in South Korea"
506:Aretha Vinson was a 21-year-old student at
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1499:"MBC offers apology over US beef report."
1484:"MBC offers apology over US beef report."
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1904:"beef and anti-Americanism." Huer, John.
847:United States beef imports in South Korea
284:Learn how and when to remove this message
166:Learn how and when to remove this message
105:Learn how and when to remove this message
1295:, National desk. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
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1592:"Ill met by candlelight" 12 June 2008.
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1458:English edition. Retrieved 16 June 2012
1443:English edition. Retrieved 16 June 2012
1247:"Mad cow watch goes blind." Editorial,
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621:"Getty Images" and "AFP" are published
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1830:. 2 July 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
1652:. 8 June 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
1251:3 August 2006. Retrieved 11 June 2012.
740:(roughly US$ 230–$ 260) worth of U.S.
1997:Embassy of the United States in Seoul
1988:Collection of news, photos and videos
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1958:South Korean Protests over U.S. Beef
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1908:25 May 2008. Retrieved 15 June 2012
941:"Thousands in S Korea beef protest"
320:2008 US beef protest in South Korea
1021:"South Korea's New Beef with U.S."
254:{{Translated|ko|2008년 대한민국 촛불 시위}}
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33:This article has multiple issues.
2849:Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
832:Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
538:Korean Communications Commission
379:bovine spongiform encephalopathy
338:was detected in US beef cattle.
182:
121:
63:
22:
2980:July 2008 events in South Korea
2975:June 2008 events in South Korea
1762:Sang-Hun, Choe (30 June 2008).
1382:Sang-Hun, Choe (10 June 2008).
1044:Sang-Hun, Choe (30 June 2008).
544:Korea Communications Commission
350:Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation
41:or discuss these issues on the
2970:May 2008 events in South Korea
817:US beef imports in South Korea
583:. Photo taken on 12 June 2008.
518:Risk of US beef to South Korea
510:. She died on 9 April 2008 of
252:You may also add the template
1:
1882:2012. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
734:Prime Minister of South Korea
599:. Photo taken on 6 June 2008.
343:US-Korea free trade agreement
2935:Foreign trade of South Korea
1979:Q&A: Korea beef protests
567:"Candlelight" demonstrations
688:Korean Metal Workers' Union
265:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
148:conditions to do so are met
3001:
1963:Boston.com (Boston Globe).
768:, deputy spokesman at the
216:Machine translation, like
1993:Facts about American beef
1715:. Retrieved 15 June 2008.
1570:. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
1529:. Retrieved 13 June 2012.
1406:. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
857:US beef imports in Taiwan
629:Influence of social media
591:Mass protesters occupied
512:Wernicke's encephalopathy
508:Virginia State University
197:the corresponding article
2854:Beef hormone controversy
2732:Steak and kidney pudding
1637:. Retrieved 14 June 2012
1596:. Retrieved 14 June 2012
879:(Thesis). January 2013.
852:US beef imports in Japan
2955:Political controversies
1874:29 January 2012 at the
987:"MBC's overdue apology"
781:food safety inspector.
698:Effects of the protests
263:For more guidance, see
2485:Calf's liver and bacon
2303:Frankfurter Rindswurst
1741:Accessed 15 June 2012.
1134:Accessed 11 June 2012.
809:), a columnist at the
778:
763:
726:
707:
682:Other forms of protest
679:
612:
600:
584:
462:
315:
303:
2565:Hortobágyi palacsinta
1880:Beef issues quarterly
1860:Accessed 15 June 2012
1845:Accessed 15 June 2012
1801:Accessed 15 June 2012
1473:Accessed 16 June 2012
1309:11 March 2012 at the
1177:5 August 2009 at the
774:
770:U.S. State Department
759:
722:
705:
674:
666:Amnesty International
606:
590:
574:
554:MBC versus Government
457:
403:Origin of the protest
399:with 470,000 police.
309:
301:
236:copyright attribution
2747:Steak and oyster pie
2495:Chateaubriand (dish)
2398:List of steak dishes
1922:11 June 2012 at the
1404:Korea Joongang Daily
1276:6 March 2016 at the
607:Internet news media
2960:2008 in South Korea
2685:Roast beef sandwich
2505:Chicken-fried steak
2122:Chateaubriand steak
1148:28 May 2010 at the
1067:28 May 2010 at the
973:The Washington Post
486:program's content.
373:, specifically the
135:of this article is
2879:Ractopamine - Beef
2722:Shooter's sandwich
2590:Karađorđeva šnicla
2410:Blanquette de veau
2227:Standing rib roast
2172:Restructured steak
2062:Cow–calf operation
1943:. 15 January 2018.
1799:The New York Times
1768:The New York Times
1388:The New York Times
1195:7 May 2019 at the
1050:The New York Times
1019:Borowiec, Steven.
791:Hi! Seoul Festival
785:Hi! Seoul festival
708:
613:
601:
585:
449:Alexander Vershbow
316:
304:
244:interlanguage link
2922:
2921:
2918:
2917:
2379:
2378:
803:Nobel Peace Prize
711:Korean government
672:The report said,
638:The demonstrators
294:
293:
286:
276:
275:
209:
205:
176:
175:
168:
115:
114:
107:
56:
2992:
2887:
2874:Meat on the bone
2727:Soup Number Five
2650:Pozharsky cutlet
2440:Beef noodle soup
2425:Beef bourguignon
2095:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2004:
1969:Breen, Michael.
1967:Mad Cow Hysteria
1945:
1944:
1933:
1927:
1915:
1909:
1900:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1867:
1861:
1852:
1846:
1837:
1831:
1822:
1816:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1759:
1753:
1748:
1742:
1733:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1707:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1676:. Archived from
1670:
1664:
1659:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1629:
1623:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1597:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1562:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1536:
1530:
1521:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1495:
1489:
1480:
1474:
1465:
1459:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1379:
1373:
1368:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1342:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1302:
1296:
1287:
1281:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1216:on 5 August 2009
1212:. Archived from
1206:
1200:
1188:
1182:
1170:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1141:
1135:
1126:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1100:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1060:
1054:
1053:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1016:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
983:
977:
976:
965:
959:
958:
956:
954:
937:
926:
925:
923:
921:
906:
889:
888:
873:
746:South Korean won
738:South Korean won
377:responsible for
289:
282:
255:
249:
222:Google Translate
207:
203:
186:
185:
178:
171:
164:
160:
157:
151:
125:
124:
117:
110:
103:
99:
96:
90:
67:
66:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2914:
2890:US beef imports
2885:
2837:
2806:
2797:Vitello tonnato
2752:Steak au poivre
2697:Salisbury steak
2450:Beef Stroganoff
2420:Beef Wellington
2375:
2327:
2313:Montreal smoked
2266:
2207:Shoulder tender
2086:
2040:
2031:
1972:The Korea Times
1961:The Big Picture
1954:
1949:
1948:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1924:Wayback Machine
1916:
1912:
1906:The Korea times
1901:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1876:Wayback Machine
1868:
1864:
1858:The Korea Times
1853:
1849:
1838:
1834:
1828:Financial Times
1823:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1745:
1734:
1730:
1723:
1719:
1708:
1704:
1697:
1693:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1656:
1645:
1641:
1630:
1626:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1600:
1589:
1585:
1578:
1574:
1563:
1559:
1552:
1548:
1537:
1533:
1527:The Korea Times
1522:
1518:
1511:
1507:
1496:
1492:
1481:
1477:
1466:
1462:
1451:
1447:
1436:
1432:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1410:
1399:
1395:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1354:
1343:
1339:
1332:
1328:
1321:
1317:
1311:Wayback Machine
1303:
1299:
1288:
1284:
1278:Wayback Machine
1270:
1266:
1259:
1255:
1244:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1219:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1197:Wayback Machine
1189:
1185:
1179:Wayback Machine
1171:
1167:
1160:
1156:
1150:Wayback Machine
1142:
1138:
1127:
1123:
1116:
1112:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1069:Wayback Machine
1061:
1057:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1028:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1008:
998:
996:
985:
984:
980:
967:
966:
962:
952:
950:
939:
938:
929:
919:
917:
908:
907:
892:
875:
874:
870:
865:
828:
819:
799:
787:
754:
736:bought 260,000
717:approval rating
713:
700:
684:
657:
640:
631:
597:Seoul City Hall
569:
556:
540:
532:
520:
504:
492:
483:
445:
436:
410:
405:
371:mad-cow disease
367:
336:mad cow disease
314:on 6 June 2008.
312:Seoul City Hall
290:
279:
278:
277:
272:
271:
270:
253:
247:
210:
187:
183:
172:
161:
155:
152:
141:
126:
122:
111:
100:
94:
91:
80:
74:has an unclear
68:
64:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
2998:
2996:
2988:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2927:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:American bison
2814:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2742:Steak and eggs
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2615:Mongolian beef
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2435:Beef Manhattan
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2389:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2337:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2107:Baseball steak
2103:
2101:
2092:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2052:Argentine beef
2048:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1985:
1976:
1964:
1953:
1952:External links
1950:
1947:
1946:
1928:
1910:
1895:
1884:
1862:
1847:
1843:New York Times
1832:
1817:
1803:
1788:
1754:
1743:
1728:
1717:
1702:
1691:
1680:on 28 May 2010
1665:
1654:
1639:
1624:
1609:
1598:
1583:
1572:
1557:
1546:
1531:
1516:
1505:
1490:
1475:
1471:The Chosunilbo
1460:
1456:The Chosunilbo
1445:
1441:The Chosunilbo
1430:
1419:
1408:
1393:
1374:
1363:
1352:
1337:
1326:
1315:
1297:
1282:
1264:
1253:
1238:
1227:
1201:
1183:
1165:
1154:
1136:
1132:New York Times
1121:
1110:
1095:
1084:
1073:
1055:
1036:
1006:
995:. 25 June 2009
978:
960:
927:
890:
867:
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844:
839:
834:
827:
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815:
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795:
786:
783:
753:
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656:
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639:
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531:
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475:
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435:
432:
409:
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401:
366:
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292:
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274:
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250:
228:
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214:
211:
192:
191:
190:
188:
181:
174:
173:
156:September 2020
129:
127:
120:
113:
112:
76:citation style
71:
69:
62:
57:
31:
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2997:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:2008 protests
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
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2911:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2864:Carcass grade
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2828:Water buffalo
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2811:Related meats
2809:
2803:
2802:Wallenbergare
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2782:Veal Milanese
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2717:Suea rong hai
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2625:Nilagang baka
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2560:Hamburg steak
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
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2473:
2471:
2468:
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2458:
2456:
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2304:
2301:
2299:
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2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
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2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
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2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
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2163:
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2140:
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2135:
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2130:
2128:
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2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2067:Feeder cattle
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2009:
2008:
2005:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1810:
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1769:
1765:
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1747:
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1740:
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1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
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1710:
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1703:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1679:
1675:
1669:
1666:
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1658:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1636:
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2712:Sha cha beef
2605:London broil
2580:Jellied veal
2575:Italian beef
2555:Hayashi rice
2445:Beef on weck
2323:Meat extract
2152:Hanger steak
2137:Filet mignon
2082:Osorno Steer
2077:Organic beef
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1024:The Diplomat
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951:. Retrieved
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807:Kim Dae-jung
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797:Commentators
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240:edit summary
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95:October 2014
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35:Please help
32:
15:
2906:South Korea
2787:Veal Orloff
2772:Tiyula itum
2737:Steak Diane
2702:Saltimbocca
2545:Gored gored
2535:Ginger beef
2510:Cordon bleu
2500:Cheesesteak
2460:Boiled beef
2415:Beef olives
2298:Corned beef
2222:Skirt steak
2217:Top sirloin
2167:Ranch steak
2142:Flank steak
2127:Chuck steak
2112:Blade steak
2057:Beef cattle
1781:17 February
1739:Korea times
1713:Korea times
1650:Korea times
1635:Korea Times
1620:Korea Times
1568:Korea Times
1501:Korea Times
1486:Korea Times
1293:Korea Times
992:Korea Times
811:Korea Times
662:Cheongwadae
645:Seoul Plaza
593:Seoul Plaza
490:Downer cows
204:(June 2019)
2929:Categories
2869:Darkcutter
2792:Veal Oscar
2767:Tafelspitz
2707:Selat solo
2692:Ropa vieja
2680:Roast beef
2665:Ragout fin
2570:Iga penyet
2530:French dip
2247:Tenderloin
2202:Short ribs
2197:Short loin
2147:Flap steak
2045:Production
1348:Korea Time
863:References
581:Blue House
453:Camp David
365:Background
133:neutrality
87:footnoting
38:improve it
2859:Beef ring
2645:Pot roast
2595:Kare-kare
2465:Bruscitti
2393:Beefsteak
2371:Testicles
2271:Processed
2182:Rib steak
2072:Kobe beef
1776:0362-4331
1249:USA Today
885:151087800
766:Tom Casey
634:science.
498:not BSE.
258:talk page
199:in Korean
144:talk page
44:talk page
2777:Tongseng
2630:Ossobuco
2620:Neobiani
2430:Beef bun
2405:Balbacua
2318:Pastrami
2288:Bresaola
2257:Trotters
2091:Products
1982:BBC News
1920:Archived
1872:Archived
1307:Archived
1274:Archived
1193:Archived
1175:Archived
1146:Archived
1065:Archived
946:BBC News
826:See also
651:Seoul."
609:Ohmynews
234:provide
137:disputed
83:citation
2823:Beefalo
2762:Tartare
2675:Rendang
2655:Puchero
2610:Mechado
2520:Dendeng
2480:Cachopo
2470:Bulgogi
2252:Tri-tip
2212:Sirloin
2177:Rib eye
2162:Picanha
2117:Brisket
1941:Reuters
1029:8 March
999:11 June
953:11 June
920:29 June
914:Reuters
805:winner
618:PD Note
560:PD Note
548:PD Note
529:PD Note
481:program
479:PD Note
470:Hyundai
391:PD Note
355:PD Note
256:to the
238:in the
201:.
2901:Taiwan
2833:Żubroń
2660:P'tcha
2550:Gyūdon
2475:Bulalo
2455:Bistek
2385:Dishes
2361:Tripas
2356:Tendon
2351:Tongue
2308:Ground
2293:Cabeza
2242:T-bone
2132:Fajita
1774:
883:
495:Downer
352:(MBC)
2896:Japan
2842:Other
2670:Rawon
2635:Pares
2600:Kitfo
2585:Kalio
2540:Galbi
2515:Daube
2490:Cansi
2366:Tripe
2346:Heart
2341:Brain
2333:Offal
2278:Jerky
2237:Shank
2232:Strip
2187:Round
2157:Plate
1684:7 May
1220:7 May
881:S2CID
742:steak
670:here.
623:here.
460:year.
375:prion
332:Korea
328:Seoul
218:DeepL
2950:Beef
2757:Tapa
2283:Aged
2262:Tail
2192:Rump
2099:Cuts
2038:veal
2036:and
2034:Beef
1783:2023
1772:ISSN
1686:2019
1222:2019
1031:2016
1001:2012
955:2012
922:2019
715:The
477:MBC
434:2006
408:2003
318:The
232:must
230:You
130:The
85:and
2640:Pho
2525:Feu
326:in
220:or
2931::
1995:,
1939:.
1806:^
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