413:, Viktor Bobrovski, the accident could have been caused by an incorrect start-up process of the turbine which resulted in a hydraulic pressure surge, or excess load of the turbine caused by peak consumption of electricity. According to Bobrovski, it is common practice in the region to compensate for a peak load by overloading hydroelectric power plants. He also stated that the energy system of the region is near collapse, as the main goal of its owners is to take out as much profit as possible, typically by cutting down on maintenance, investment, safety, and educational costs. Since the load for other turbines ceased after the collapse of the turbine 2, they probably started to spin without load at increasing speed until they failed. He said that the former director of Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station, Valentin Bryzgalov, had alerted that it is dangerous to operate the plant at its maximum loads when the turbines are starting to vibrate in the axial direction. He said that the accident probably would not have had such catastrophic results if the safety systems had worked and the safety rules had been followed.
358:...I was standing upstairs when I heard some sort of growing noise, then I saw the corrugated turbine cover rise and stand on end. Then I saw the rotor rising from underneath it. It was spinning. I could not believe my eyes. It rose about three meters. Rocks and pieces of metal went flying; we started to dodge them... At that point the corrugated cover was nearly at roof level, and the roof itself had been destroyed... I made a mental calculation: the water is rising, 380 cubic meters per second, so I took to my heels and ran for the turbine 10. I thought that I wouldn't make it. I climbed higher, stopped, looked down, and saw everything getting destroyed, water coming in, people trying to swim... I thought: someone must urgently shut the gates to stop the water, manually... Manually, because there was no power, none of the protection systems had worked...
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the turbine blades were welded, because after a long period of operation, cracks and cavities had once again appeared. The turbine runner was not properly rebalanced after these repairs, following which turbine 2 had increased vibrations, ca 0.15 millimetres (0.0059 in) for the main bearing during the full load of the turbine. While this did not exceed specifications, the increased vibrations were unacceptable for long term use. The elevated vibration levels compared to other turbines were apparent for turbine 2 before the repair as well. The vibrations exceeded the allowed specification in the beginning of July and continued to increase with accelerated speed.
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increased again to 600 MW; at 03:30, the load was decreased to 200 MW; and at 03:45, it was increased again to 600 MW. During this time, the level of vibration was very high, and was also registered by seismic instruments in the plant. During attempts to shut it down, the rotor inside the turbine was pushed up, which in turn created pressure pushing up on the turbine cover, which was kept in place by 80 bolts, each 8 cm in diameter.
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non-recommended powerband II. Shortly after this, the bolts keeping the turbine cover in place broke, and under water pressure of about 20 bars (2,000 kPa), the spinning turbine with its cover, rotor, and upper parts started to move up, destroying machinery hall installations. At the same time, pressurized water flooded the rooms and damaged plant constructions.
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was 256 m/s (9,000 cu ft/s). Vibration of the bearing was 0.84 millimetres (0.033 in), which far exceeded the values of the other turbines by more than fourfold. The working life defined by the manufacturer for the turbines was specified as 30 years. At the moment of the accident, the age of the turbine was 29 years and 10 months.
429:
was below the allowed maximum of 145.5 mm (5.73 in). According to RusHydro, the scope of displacement between the anchor legs and the machinery hall does not exceed 2.3 mm (0.091 in), which is less than the width between them (50 mm or 2.0 in), and therefore the dam cannot overwhelm the machinery hall.
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output over 640 MW (band IV) is forbidden. On the day of the accident, turbine 2 worked as the plant's power output regulator and due to this, its output power changed constantly. The turbine often operated in the band II regime, which is accompanied by pulsation and strokes in the water flow.
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suggested a previously unpublicized direct cause for the turbine failures: draft tube waterhammer. The immediate cause of this is proposed to be simply the too-sudden closure of the turbine wicket (flow-control) gates. Too-rapid closure results in rupture of the liquid column as the local pressure
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which broke both communications and the automatic driving systems of other power plants in the region, including Sayano-Shushenskaya. The situation was recovered on 17 August 2009 at 15:03. At 08:12 local time, turbine 2's output power was reduced by the turbine regulator and it entered into the
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then shot out of its seat. After this, water spouted from the cavity of the turbine into the machinery hall. As a result, the machinery hall and rooms below its level were flooded. At the same time, an alarm was received at the power station's main control panel, and the power output fell to zero,
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Turbine 2 was started on 16 August 2009 at 23:14 local time. At 23:44 it was running at a full load of 600 MW. During the night, its load varied between 10 and 610 MW. At the moment of the accident, which was 08:13 local time (00:13 GMT), its load was 475 MW and water consumption
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and bearings surfaced. From the end of March to the end of
November 2000, a complete reconditioning of turbine 2 was performed. Cavities up to 12 millimetres (0.47 in) deep and cracks up to 130 millimetres (5.1 in) long were found on the turbine runner and repaired. Many other defects
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According to RusHydro, turbines 4, 5, and 6 would probably be repaired. Turbines 7 and 9 were too damaged and were disassembled. The machinery hall, heating system, electricity supply, and sewage tunnels were under repair. As the spillway works all the time, several methods of preventing
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Names of people killed and those who bear responsibility for the accident, and other data including a historical and technical review about the plant and plans for its future, are given in the report. The report states that the accident was primarily caused by the turbine vibrations which led to the
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On the night of 16–17 August, the level of vibration increased substantially, and there were several attempts to stop the turbine. During 16 August up to 20:30, the load of turbine 2 was 600 MW, then it was reduced to 100–200 MW. On 17 August 2009 at 03:00, the load was
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It was reported that on 9 September 2009, Novy Fokus
Mikhail Afanasyev, the editor of a regional news website, was attacked and beaten near his house in Abakan. Earlier, he was charged for "spreading false information and defaming rescuers in his reports" by the local prosecutor's office. Afanasyev
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disputed allegations that the dam overwhelmed the machinery hall leading to the destruction of turbine 2. According to RusHydro, displacements of the dam are seasonal and have been reduced in recent years. The maximum displacement (141.5 millimetres or 5.57 inches) was recorded in 2006, which
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On 17 August 2009, the turbines were at a working level of 212 metres (696 ft). At this pressure the recommended power band for the turbines is 570–640 MW (band III) and the allowed band is 0–265 MW also (band I). Band 265–570 MW (band II) at this pressure is not recommended and
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From
January to March 2009, turbine 2 was undergoing scheduled repairs and modernization. It was the first and only turbine in the station which was equipped with a new electro-hydraulic regulator of its rotational speed supplied by the Promavtomatika company. During the course of the repair,
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During repairs, water was being discharged using the spillway only. Special measures were taken to ensure its safe operation in winter conditions. Water gates were modified to be temporarily locked into an intermediate position for better flow control. Vapor clouds at the base of the spillway were
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In addition to turbine 2, turbines 7 and 9 also suffered severe damage and were destroyed, while the turbine room roof and ceilings fell on and caused additional damage to turbines 1 and 3, with slight damage to turbines 4, 5, 8, and 10. Turbine 6, which was in scheduled
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damage of the mountings of the turbine 2, including the cover of the turbine. It was also found that at the moment of accident at least six nuts were missing from the bolts securing the turbine cover. After the accident 49 recovered bolts were investigated, of which 41 had fatigue cracks. On
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After the accident, the spillway was regulated to decrease the water level of the reservoir by 3 to 5 centimetres (1.2 to 2.0 in) per day. Flood water was pumped out from the engine room by 24 August 2009. On 28 August, the search and rescue operation was completed, and the state of
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This hypothesis is that the explosion was caused by water column separation in the draft tubes of the destroyed units. This condition can readily be caused by a too-rapid wicket gate closure during unit load rejection. Adjustment of governor times to unsafe values to achieve fast response to
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downstream of the gates goes to vapor pressure. This frees the draft tube liquid to first surge towards the tailrace and then reverse, eventually slamming rapidly into the turbine with great force. Only such a phenomenon seems capable of producing the extremely sudden, extremely large, and
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Turbines of the type used in this power plant have a very narrow working band at high efficiency regimes. If this band is exceeded the turbines begin to vibrate, caused by the pulsation of water flow and water strokes. These vibrations and shocks cause the turbines to degrade over time.
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The director of the plant, Nikolai
Nevolko, was replaced by Valerii Kjari. Several people were awarded for their heroic actions during the accident. Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, awarded Juri Salnikov and Oleg Melnitchuck each with an Official Letter of Commendation.
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repair at the time of the accident, received only minor damage and was the only one of the station's 10 turbines that did not receive electrical damage due to shorting of the associated transformers. Water immediately flooded the engine and turbine rooms and caused a
637:(about US$ 3,100) to each survivor, while RusHydro decided to pay a further 1 million rubles in compensation. RusHydro also decided to buy housing for 13 families of killed workers with underage children. There are also programs to support these children in
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in
Sayanogorsk and Khakassia were completely cut off from the grid before power supplies were replaced using alternate power sources. Power to blacked out areas was fully restored by 19 August 2009. Although smelters continue to work at their normal rate,
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A subsequent review for the 10th anniversary of the incident, published by the
International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), concluded that no intervening revelations had lessened the feasibility of this explanation.
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which spread over 80 km (50 mi) downstream of
Yenisei. The oil, which spilled during the approximately 2–3 hour cutoff of river flow when all the gates of the dam were closed, killed 400 tonnes (390 long tons; 440 short tons) of cultivated
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According to
Rostekhnadzor, the automatic shutdown system of the water intake pipes' gates failed after failure of the turbine 2. This accusation was dismissed by Rakurs, the company which designed the automated safety system for the plant.
453:
operating load changes may have occurred in recent times in response to a need to improve grid frequency control. This, combined with compromised stud connections due to poor maintenance, can explain the extreme violence of this accident.
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expected to cause unwanted ice buildup on the construction site. A team of climbers equipped with chainsaws and jackhammers was assembled to remove excess ice, and a heating system was installed under machine hall roof.
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were found in the turbine bearings and subsequently repaired. In 2005, further repairs were made to turbine 2. The problems found were similar in several aspects to the defects observed during the previous repair.
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was flooded, and a section of its roof collapsed. All but one of the ten turbines in the hall were destroyed or damaged. The entire power output of the plant, totalling 6,400 megawatts, was lost, leading to widespread
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to greet the arriving guests, and none of the workers present wanted, or had the authority, to make decisions about further actions regarding the turbine. It seems they were used to the high levels of vibration.
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Turbine 2 had experienced problems for a long time prior to the 2009 accident. The first of these appeared after its installation in 1979. Throughout 1980–1983, numerous problems with seals, turbine shaft
337:, keeping them up between 08:35 and 09:20 hours (09.30 by official report). The operation took 25 minutes, which is near the minimum time (highest speed) allowed for this operation. The emergency
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During the morning of 17 August 2009, 50 people were gathered around turbine 2. As the plant general director, Nikolai
Nevolko, was celebrating his anniversary, early in the morning he went to
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warned that in the longer term it may lose up to 500,000 tonnes (490,000 long tons; 550,000 short tons) of aluminum output due to the power shortage, and called for accelerating the construction of the
416:
The former general director of the plant, Alexander
Toloshinov, has said that the accident was most likely due to a "manufacturing defect" in a turbine. According to Toloshinov, the construction of the
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By July 2010 the replacement of turbine 3 was underway and expected to be completed in December 2010. The new turbine has better electrical and hydrodynamic characteristics and a 40-year working life.
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1 and 2 were destroyed, while transformers 3, 4, and 5 were left in satisfactory condition. Other damage was also severe as the machinery hall was destroyed, including the roof, ceilings, and floor.
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On 30 June 2010, turbine 4 was started without a load to dry its electrical coils, to test it and to prepare it for switching under load later in 2010. It was fully restarted on 4 August 2010.
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At the time, repairs were estimated to take up to four years. Over 2,000 people were involved in the rescue work and liquidation of the consequences after the disaster. According to
362:
On 9 September 2009 at 17:40 local time (09:40 GMT), a fire started in the turbine hall during repair works. Around 200 people were evacuated. There were no fatalities or injuries.
701:
the dam from icing were also under consideration. The machinery hall and its heating system also underwent repairs. The repair work was performed continuously, 24 hours a day.
895:"А К Т ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО РАССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПРИЧИН АВАРИИ, ПРОИСШЕДШЕЙ 17 АВГУСТА 2009 ГОДА в филиале Открытого Акционерного Общества "РусГидро" – "Саяно-Шушенская ГЭС имени П.С. Непорожнего""
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On 14 April 2010, the process of dismantling turbine 2 and the infrastructure surrounding it was finished. By the year 2014 all turbines in the plant will be replaced with new ones.
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claimed that they were responsible for the blast, part of a new "economic war" which they were declaring on Russia. These claims were dismissed by authorities as "idiotic".
645:. In addition, a special program is planned for the reconstruction and development of the Cheryomushki settlement, the main settlement where the power plant workers live.
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Nine out of the ten turbines were operating at the time, with a total output 4,400 MW. Turbine 6 was undergoing scheduled maintenance, but was ready for a restart.
2447:
694:
409:, the increased vibration of turbine 2 was going on for some 10 years and was well-known to the plant personnel. According to the former director of
2100:
1618:
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By 27 December 2009, there were on-going or prepared dismantling of turbines 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Only turbines 5 and 6 were to be repaired
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to the water intake pipes of the turbines, weighing 150 tonnes (150 long tons; 170 short tons) each, were closed manually by opening the valves with
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1116:(Yuri Salnikov and Oleg Melnychuk awarded the diplomas of the RF Government for heroism during the rescue operation at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HES)
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in two riverside fisheries, with its impact on wildlife as yet unassessed. On 19 August 2009, the 15 km (9.3 mi)-long spill had reached
1648:
1114:"Юрий Сальников и Олег Мельничук награждены почетными грамотами Правительства РФ за героизм в ходе спасательной операции на Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС
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agreed to lend 20 billion rubles (€440 million, US$ 630 million) for the repair works. RusHydro also negotiated a loan with the
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The Russian government decided to pay compensation of 1 million rubles (US$ 31,600) to each victim's family, and 100,000
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YouTube archival footage, uploaded on 18 August 2009 (eyewitness images filmed at the foot of the dam immediately after the event)
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The turbine hall before and after the accident. Turbine No. 2, the one that failed, is visible in the foreground (left image).
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789:"В Филиале ОАО "РусГидро" – "Саяно-Шушенская ГЭС имени П.С. Непорожнего" зафиксирована максимальная выработка электроэнергии
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824:"Transmission of High Frequency Vibrations in Rotating Systems. Application to Cavitation Detection in Hydraulic Turbines"
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2011:
609:, the share price dropped more than 15%. It is expected that RusHydro's business losses will amount to 16.5 billion
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Turbines 1, 8, and 10: Severe electrical and mechanical damage. Some damage to the concrete structures around them.
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1044:"JSC RusHydro develops an action plan for eliminating the consequences of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP"
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Turbines 3 and 4: Moderate electrical and mechanical damage. Some damage to the concrete structures around them.
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of this type of turbine is not very reliable and cracks are known to develop in them under some working conditions.
613:(US$ 523 million) by 2013. The power plant was insured for US$ 200 million by Russian insurance company
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As a result of the accident, 75 people were killed. On 19 August 2009, a mourning day was announced in
2238:(The work of the operating spillway Sayano-Shushenskaya power plant in the winter period is under strict control)
1079:"The Board of Directors of JSC RusHydro takes note of information on the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP"
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YouTube archival footage, uploaded on 9 September 2009 (filmed inside the dam's turbine hall during the event]
2369:""Силовые машины" досрочно изготовили новый генератор для гидроагрегата №3 Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС ОАО "РусГидро""
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on its website. However, later the report and the press release on the report were removed from the website.
39:
791:(Maximum power output was recorded in the branch of OJSC RusHydro – P. S. Neporozhny Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP)
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217:, the power station's operator, announced the station's all-time highest electricity output over 24 hours.
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2236:"Работа эксплуатационного водосброса Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС в зимний период находится под строгим контролем
1985:
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1481:"Ongoing restoration work status at JSC RusHydro's Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP as of 26 August 2009 at 12:00"
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822:
Valentín, David; Presas, Alexandre; Egusquiza, Mònica; Valero, Carme; Egusquiza, Eduard (16 March 2018).
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Turbines 7 and 9: Completely destroyed, with extreme damage to the concrete structures around them.
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was suspended for two days. After trading resumed on 19 August 2009, the shares dropped 11.4%. On the
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544:
370:
On 4 October 2009, the official report about Sayano-Shushenskaya hydro accident was published by the
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1304:
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force which is evident from photographic and verbal descriptions of the damage. From the article:
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gates of the dam was started and was finished at 13:07. Seventy-five people were later found dead.
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479:. RusHydro declared 25 August a day of mourning at the company. A festival in the city of
1449:"Sayano Shushenskaya accident – presenting a possible direct cause – International Water Power"
738:
On 8 July 2011, turbines 3, 4 and 5 were working under full load and turbine 6 was in reserve.
2304:"Гидроагрегат № 5 Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС пущен в промышленную эксплуатацию с опережением графика"
2170:(Crane energy dissipating well Sayano-Shushenskaya HES moved to the right bank of the Yenisei)
855:
1937:
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Due to the accident, the town of Cheryomushki banned the sale of strong alcoholic beverages.
2395:"Судно с рабочими колёсами для гидроагрегатов Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС вышло из Санкт-Петербурга"
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in Russia failed catastrophically, killing 75 people and severely damaging the plant. The
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The power station after the accident, with the roof of the turbine hall partially collapsed
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2204:(On the course of restoration works at the Sayan-Shushenskaya HES 18.00 on Sept. 23, 2009)
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1464:"SAYANO SHUSHENSKAYA 2009 ACCIDENT UPDATE -- Hydrolink 2/2000 Hydraulic Transients - IAHR"
565:
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Power generation from the station ceased completely following the incident. The resulting
386:
According to this report, on 17 August 2009 at 01:20 (local time) there was a fire at the
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in Russia and the sixth-largest in the world by average power generation. On 2 July 2009,
2136:(On the course of restoration works at the Sayan-Shushenskaya HPP 18.00 on Sept. 7, 2009)
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personally switched turbine 6 to the load. Turbine 5 was brought under load on 22 March.
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1254:(in Russian). Vol. 32, no. 669. Expert Online. 24 August 2009. Archived from
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8 bolts, the fatigue damaged area exceeded 90% of the total cross-sectional area.
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2202:"О ходе восстановительных работ на Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС на 9.00 23 сентября 2009 года
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2134:"О ходе восстановительных работ на Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС на 18.00 7 сентября 2009 года
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believes that the attack is "probably connected to his articles about the accident".
712:. The other turbines were to be replaced, repaired in the factory and/or modernized.
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1360:(The dam of the Sayan-Shushenskaya HPP: general information and technical condition)
2421:"О гидрологических режимах на Саяно-Шушенском гидроэнергокомплексе на 08.07.2011 г"
759:
638:
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Federal Environmental, Technological and Atomic Supervisory Service (Rostekhnadzor)
323:
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1649:"President of the Russian government will consider the commission on the accident"
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Turbine 2: Destroyed completely, including the concrete structures around it.
2448:"Restoration of Russia's 6,400-MW Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant complete"
1788:
1417:
898:
685:, the rebuilding of the engine room alone was estimated to cost 40 billion
506:
On 9 September 2009, RusHydro announced the damage caused by the incident:
500:
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202:
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2272:(At Sayano-Shushenskaya power plant dismantling works of turbines are going on)
2168:"Кран водобойного колодца Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС перемещен на правый берег Енисея
2101:"RusHydro talks to EBRD for Sayano-Shushenskaya rebuild loan; death toll at 72"
317:
2. The turbine cover shot up and the 920-tonne (910-long-ton; 1,010-short-ton)
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2019:
1220:
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in the area. An official report on the accident was released in October 2009.
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in residential areas was alleviated by diverting power from other plants.
233:, comprising turbine and generator, of the Sayano-Shushenskaya power plant
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1619:"Fatalities at Sayano-Shushenskaya reach 69, RusHydro sees 3-yr rebuild"
970:(Turbine No. 2 of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP "shake" already 10 years?)
923:(Turbine No. 2 of the Sayano-Shushenskaya power plant is again in order)
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On 11 November 2014 the renovations and repairs were fully completed.
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1513:(The death toll in the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP has reached 71 people)
1358:"Плотина Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС: общие сведения и техническое состояние
480:
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Oleg Myakishev, a survivor of the accident, described it as follows:
260:
73:
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Turbine 6 was restarted on 24 February 2010. Russian Prime Minister
2270:"На Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС ведутся работы по демонтажу гидроагрегатов
1960:"Body of 72nd worker of Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP found under debris"
731:
On 6 July 2011, a ship loaded with new parts for the turbines left
309:
The accident occurred on 17 August 2009 at 08:13 local time (00:13
2042:"Tragedy at Russia's Largest Hydro Power Plant Took Over 69 Lives"
1593:"Tragedy at Russia's Largest Hydro Power Plant Took Over 69 Lives"
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Investigating the Sayano-Shushenskay Hydro Power Plant Disaster,
2107:. Progressive Media Markets Ltd. 2 September 2009. Archived from
584:, where it was cordoned off with floating barriers and chemical
564:, releasing at least 40 tonnes (39 long tons; 44 short tons) of
2014:(Valery Kyari appointed director of the Sayan-Shushenskaya HPP)
1625:. Progressive Media Markets Ltd. 25 August 2009. Archived from
980:(Press release) (in Russian). 14 September 2009. Archived from
27:
2009 turbine failure at a hydroelectric power station in Russia
467:
emergency imposed in Khakassia on 17 August 2009, was lifted.
1511:"Число погибших на Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС достигло 71 человека
1330:Гидротехническое строительство (Hydrotechnical Construction)
1278:"Automatic shutdown system fails at Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP"
1305:"Management at Rakurs Denies Security System at Dam Faulty"
1986:"Families of HPP victims receive flats bought by RusHydro"
1181:"Last rescuers leave Sayano-Shushenskaya hydropower plant"
968:"Второй гидроагрегат Саяно-Шушенской "трясло" уже 10 лет?
588:. The oil spill was fully removed by 25 August 2009.
2350:Гидроагрегат №4 Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС пущен на холостой ход
2332:На Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС завершен демонтаж гидроагрегата №2
2071:"Sberbank to lend RusHydro $ 626 million for dam repairs"
2018:(Press release). RusHydro. 30 August 2009. Archived from
1563:"25 August is declared a day of mourning at JSC RusHydro"
1148:"Body of 74th victim of HPP accident found, SKP confirms"
432:
On 21 August 2009, a website supporting rebel groups in
344:
was started at 11:32. At 11:50, the opening of 11
2397:. Sshges.rushydro.ru. 29 February 2012. Archived from
2012:"Валерий Кяри назначен директором Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС
1537:"Khakassia to mourn for plant accident victims 19 Aug"
1704:
Antonova, Maria; Krainova, Natalya (18 August 2009).
666:
Construction of the station and assembly of turbine 2
2474:"Russian reporter critical of dam accident attacked"
1899:"RusHydro sees loss from idled dam at 16.5 bln rbls"
1767:"13 dead, 61 feared dead in Siberia plant explosion"
1737:"Aluminum chief seeks energy after Russian accident"
1108:
1106:
1104:
689:(€880 million, US$ 1.3 billion). Russia's
201:, Russia, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) south of
2498:Photo series of 32 images of the disaster from the
1680:"10 dead, 68 missing in explosion at Russian plant"
1175:
1173:
921:"Гидроагрегат №2 Саяно-Шушенской ГЭС снова в строю
138:
99:
80:
64:
49:
1930:"RusHydro expects $ 200 mln from insurers for dam"
1838:"Oil spill caused by HPP accident fully removed"
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
695:European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
1012:"Russian dam disaster kills 10, scores missing"
889:
18:2009 Sayano-Shushenskaya power station accident
2105:International Water Power and Dam Construction
1623:International Water Power and Dam Construction
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
877:
875:
873:
871:
869:
513:Turbine 5: Flooding and electrical damage
441:International Water Power and Dam Construction
2327:
2325:
1869:"Dam Disaster May Push Up Electricity Prices"
8:
2537:Horror Footage: CCTV cameras catch dam burst
1760:
1758:
1242:
1240:
1238:
770:List of hydroelectric power station failures
185:Cross-section of the Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam
32:
2507:Photoessay by Mitya Aleshkovsky (on flickr)
1699:
1697:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
439:A November 2010, peer-reviewed article in
209:. Before the accident, it was the largest
38:
33:Sayano-Shushenskaya power station accident
31:
849:
839:
552:to replace the lost generating capacity.
2128:
2126:
1928:Lyrchikova, Anastasia (25 August 2009).
2528:Water hammer causes power plant tragedy
780:
1990:Information Telegraph Agency of Russia
1964:Information Telegraph Agency of Russia
1820:(Accident – just a top of the iceberg)
1799:from the original on 30 September 2009
1765:Vasilyeva, Nataliya (19 August 2009).
1735:Vasilyeva, Nataliya (20 August 2009).
1653:Information Telegraph Agency of Russia
1599:from the original on 13 September 2009
1541:Information Telegraph Agency of Russia
1393:"Russia markets ignore Chechen threat"
1372:from the original on 15 September 2009
1335:
1282:Information Telegraph Agency of Russia
1250:(We haunted by the shortage of skills)
1185:Information Telegraph Agency of Russia
1152:Information Telegraph Agency of Russia
935:from the original on 21 September 2009
2069:Zhdannikov, Dmitry (25 August 2009).
1706:"10 Dead, 72 Missing in Dam Disaster"
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
550:Boguchany hydroelectric power station
388:hydroelectric power station of Bratsk
7:
2516:December 2010, retrieved 2010 12 20
2446:Harris, Michael (12 November 2014).
2212:. 20 September 2009. Archived from
2178:. 23 September 2009. Archived from
1818:"Авария – только верхушка айсберга
1428:from the original on 22 August 2009
1342:: CS1 maint: untitled periodical (
1248:"Нам аукнулся дефицит квалификации
1128:from the original on 8 October 2011
2280:. 27 December 2009. Archived from
2246:. 26 November 2009. Archived from
2144:. 7 September 2009. Archived from
1789:"Russia tackles Siberia oil slick"
1739:. Associated Press. Archived from
1418:"Russia plant disaster toll rises"
1154:. 9 September 2009. Archived from
1085:. 9 September 2009. Archived from
603:Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange
601:Trading in RusHydro shares at the
25:
2502:s "The Big Picture" online series
1867:Anishyuk, Alex (20 August 2009).
1517:(in Russian). BBC. 25 August 2009
1010:Ilya Naymushin (17 August 2009).
1905:. 25 August 2009. Archived from
1844:. 25 August 2009. Archived from
1678:Pushkin, Yuri (17 August 2009).
1655:. 20 August 2009. Archived from
1569:. 25 August 2009. Archived from
1487:. 26 August 2009. Archived from
1303:Titova, Irina (27 August 2009).
1187:. 29 August 2009. Archived from
1050:. 24 August 2009. Archived from
483:on 22 August was canceled.
293:
284:
2472:Mike Eckel (9 September 2009).
1391:Melissa Akin (21 August 2009).
1212:Живых нет. Не может быть, никак
313:). There was a loud bang from
2140:(Press release) (in Russian).
1364:(Press release) (in Russian).
795:(Press release) (in Russian).
1:
2423:. Rushydro.ru. Archived from
1595:. Pravda.ru. 24 August 2009.
799:. 2 July 2009. Archived from
674:Repairs on a turbine, in 2011
2566:August 2009 events in Russia
641:and schools and to provide
403:According to the newspaper
211:hydroelectric power station
154:hydroelectric power station
2592:
2561:2009 industrial disasters
621:group, and re-insured by
37:
2556:2009 disasters in Russia
1332:(in Russian) (11). 2008.
1309:The St. Petersburg Times
1211:
53:17 August 2009
680:Russian Energy Minister
560:The accident caused an
510:Turbine 6: Flooded
197:River in south-central
191:Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam
158:Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam
85:Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam
2355:8 October 2011 at the
2337:8 October 2011 at the
675:
667:
455:
424:On 11 September 2009,
360:
234:
186:
2521:26 March 2012 at the
1368:. 11 September 2009.
673:
665:
607:London Stock Exchange
450:
356:
322:resulting in a local
228:
184:
148:On 17 August 2009, a
123:52.82722°N 91.37083°E
2576:History of Khakassia
2571:Dam failures in Asia
1573:on 24 September 2015
1158:on 13 September 2009
984:on 22 September 2009
745:Attack on journalist
556:Environmental impact
2310:on 22 November 2020
2022:on 21 November 2020
1491:on 24 February 2012
1191:on 4 September 2009
1089:on 24 February 2012
1054:on 21 November 2020
119: /
34:
2476:. Associated Press
2284:on 31 January 2010
2250:on 3 December 2009
2081:on 1 February 2013
1940:on 1 February 2013
1909:on 1 February 2013
1848:on 3 February 2013
1795:. 19 August 2009.
1769:. Associated Press
1424:. 22 August 2009.
841:10.3390/app8030451
676:
668:
540:Aluminium smelters
446:extremely vertical
235:
193:is located on the
187:
128:52.82722; 91.37083
2427:on 19 August 2014
2401:on 19 August 2014
2276:(Press release).
2242:(Press release).
2216:on 8 October 2009
2208:(Press release).
2182:on 8 October 2011
2174:(Press release).
1826:. 19 August 2009.
1743:on 22 August 2009
1659:on 27 August 2009
1565:(Press release).
1483:(Press release).
1258:on 29 August 2009
1120:(Press release).
1081:(Press release).
1046:(Press release).
931:. 23 March 2009.
927:(Press release).
901:on 9 October 2009
803:on 26 August 2009
399:Media speculation
146:
145:
16:(Redirected from
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2371:. Archived from
2365:
2359:
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2329:
2320:
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2317:
2315:
2306:. Archived from
2300:
2294:
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2148:on 9 August 2011
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2097:
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2077:. Archived from
2066:
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2057:
2055:
2050:. 24 August 2009
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2008:
2002:
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1997:
1992:. 29 August 2009
1982:
1976:
1975:
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1966:. 30 August 2009
1956:
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1949:
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1945:
1936:. Archived from
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1875:. Archived from
1873:The Moscow Times
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1822:" (in Russian).
1815:
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1774:
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1732:
1726:
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1723:
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1712:. Archived from
1710:The Moscow Times
1701:
1692:
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1543:. 18 August 2009
1533:
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1507:
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1500:
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1471:
1470:
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1462:Frank.A.Hamill.
1459:
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1447:Frank.A.Hamill.
1444:
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1284:. 25 August 2009
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1223:. 22 August 2009
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964:
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897:. Archived from
891:
864:
863:
853:
843:
828:Applied Sciences
819:
813:
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810:
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785:
733:Saint Petersburg
643:higher education
592:Financial impact
583:
462:Rescue operation
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2523:Wayback Machine
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2375:on 29 July 2017
2367:
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2357:Wayback Machine
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2111:on 14 June 2011
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1879:on 4 March 2016
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683:Sergei Shmatko
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