276:, participated in H1N1 prevention campaign by shooting videos to urge the public to work as a team to stop H1N1. The 24/7 hotline of Taiwan CDC-1922, is an important channel of communication with the public. 1922 hotline deals with any inquiries related to communicable diseases such as reporting, diagnosis, consultation and referral. As the pandemic evolves, the number of incoming calls increased to more than 3000 per week. Many vaccine-related adverse events were reported via this hotline. It also provides first-hand information about how the policy is being executed. Since August 2009, CECC releases "E-Letter to doctors" to disseminate the latest information regarding diagnosis, treatment and policy making about influenza A(H1N1). By the end of 2009, 61 letters had been issued. More than 6000 doctors in Taiwan have subscribed.
259:
classrooms with two or more students with influenza in a 3-day period would have classes suspended for 5 days, which is the so-called 325 rule for class suspension. School-based vaccination program started on
November 16, 2009, and half of the students in elementary or junior high school were vaccinated against flu by the end of November. Therefore, the rule for class suspension shifted from 325 to "814". Class suspension is no longer indicated, if >80% of the students in a class have been vaccinated for more than 2 weeks. The number of suspended classes reached its peak by the end of November, when more than 2000 classrooms were suspended daily all over Taiwan. However, because of successful school-based immunization program, less than 5 classrooms were suspended daily by the end of 2009.
142:
after the first case of influenza A (H1N1) was imported, on July 2, it was confirmed that the virus was circulating in the communities. Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) had become the dominant community strain since the 30th week of 2009, and accounts for more than 90% of all influenza strains isolated. First
Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus strain was discovered in October, 2009. Since June 1, 2009, more than 800 isolates were tested for oseltamivir resistance and 8 were found to be resistant. All resistant strains developed after oseltamivir treatment and there are no evidence of continuous transmission of these strains.
215:), covering 60% of the population. Vaccine priority list was announced in August and mass vaccination began on November 1. Vaccinations were first given to targeted high risk groups, and to school aged children who are likely to spread the disease. Medical personnel were the first to be immunized. Data from a cross-national study showed that 76% of physicians in Taiwan have been vaccinated, which was the highest among all the physicians interviewed.
133:
17, 2009. The first mortality case was reported on July 30, 2009. The first case in pregnant woman was confirmed on August 15. From June 19, 2009, to
January 23, 2010, 884 case of complicated pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus infections were reported and confirmed, including 39 deaths. The mortality rate is around 2 per million population. Characteristics of the first 100 cases of complicated influenza can be found in the following article.
250:
a vaccine. As of
January 29, 2010, the VICP has received a total of 218 claims requesting compensation for individuals thought to be injured by the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccine. VICP has completed reviewing 39 petitions. Five cases were ruled compensable (association is confirmed in one while association cannot be excluded in the other four) while the other thirty-four cases were ruled non-compensable.
245:), cardiovascular disease, adverse pregnancy outcome, stroke and anaphylaxis does not exceed the background incidence. By January 26, 2010, 1176 suspected vaccine-related adverse events have been reported, including 330 suspected serious adverse events and 35 deaths. Based on the number of vaccine doses administered, the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events did not exceed the expected value.
224:
were administered on that day. By the end of
January 2010, approximately 24% of the total population have been immunized. To improve the accessibility of vaccination, phone lines set up by local health bureaus in cities and counties are open for the public to book a group appointment for pandemic influenza A (H1N1) vaccination. To prevent further spread of the virus in the coming 9-day holiday of the
186:
258:
In the beginning of the pandemic, the strategy was to contain the disease. During containment, one case was found in a school-aged child, resulting in the suspension of classes for the entire school. After school re-commenced in the fall, instead of closing the entire school, it was decided that only
150:
Taiwan CDC's database links with that of more than 300 hospitals all over the country. The number of patients diagnosed of influenza among all patients who visited the emergency department/outpatient department of these hospitals were calculated (ER/outpatient ILI consultation rate). According to the
132:
and pulmonary complications, neurological complications, myocarditis/pericarditis, invasive bacterial infection or those who needed intensive care or died because of the illness should be reported to Taiwan CDC within one week of diagnosis. The first case of complicated influenza was reported on July
78:
and prophylactic treatment, local transmission of the virus was stopped and no other domestic cases were found. Details of the control measures and clinical characteristics of the first 61 imported cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) has been published in the following article in Taiwan
Epidemiology
249:
Compensation
Program (VICP) committee is composed of a group of expert consultants with expertise in clinical medicine, pathology, sociology and law. It works independently from the government and is responsible for reviewing petitions requesting compensation for individuals thought to be injured by
193:
On August 17, 2009, Taiwan CDC published the "Clinical
Treatment Guideline for Influenza A(H1N1)", which is a result of collaborative work with the Infectious Diseases Society of Taiwan, Taiwan Pediatric Association, Nosocomial Infection Control Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Society of Pulmonary and
223:
On
December 12, 2009, vaccination was opened up to everyone. A large vaccination campaign was conducted to boost vaccination coverage. Vaccination stations were set up in hospitals, clinics, department stores and community gathering places. A total of 563,712 doses of vaccines (2.4% of population)
202:
result, patients with complicated influenza and patients with high risk conditions as defined by the WHO. National Health
Insurance, a compulsory social insurance system, is covering >98% of the population and contracting with >90% of the medical care institutions in Taiwan. Since August 15,
68:
and passengers were encouraged to report voluntarily to quarantine officers if they had flu-like symptoms. Through enhanced screening and quarantine, the first imported case was found when a 52-year-old foreign resident of Taiwan returned from the United States via Hong Kong on May 20. The man had
159:
Deaths reported through the National Death Certificate System mentioning P&I as the cause of death were calculated and compared to that of the previous influenza season. By the beginning of 2010, the number is below that for this time last year. The number of deaths mentioning P&I for age
141:
Taiwan CDC's central lab and 10 contract labs are responsible for the virologic surveillance for seasonal and pandemic influenza. Soon after the start of the pandemic, Taiwan CDC developed its own diagnostic method for pandemic influenza A (H1N1), which is rapid, sensitive and specific. Six weeks
73:
and recovered fully. All passengers seated within three rows of the ill passenger were contacted, given chemoprophylaxis and quarantined. Quarantine on board discontinued on May 20, after the first case was found. In the following week, 9 more imported cases were found by fever screening in the
240:
To ensure and safety and effectiveness of H1N1 vaccine, Taiwan CDC has passive and active surveillance system for vaccine adverse events. For passive surveillance, any adverse event happens after H1N1 immunization can be reported to local health bureau and Taiwan CDC. For active surveillance,
203:
2009, oseltamivir can be prescribed free of charge in more than 3500 contracted clinics/hospitals for patients fulfilling the above criteria. Furthermore, the Taiwan Medical Association indicated that the doctors would help ease the load of patients by having clinics open on weekends.
267:
Taiwan CDC has multifacet strategies to communicate with the public, media and the medical personnels. Daily and weekly updates on the statistics of influenza A(H1N1) is available on the website. Important news about policy and current situation of the pandemic will be announced as
151:
consultation rate, the first peak of influenza A(H1N1) infection in Taiwan was in the 36th week of 2009, followed by the second peak in the 48th week. The trend was going down since the beginning of 2010 and has remained low until now.
50:
phase to phase 4 on April 28, 2009, Taiwan established the Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), and convened the first CECC meeting on the same day. Taiwan CDC also announced pandemic influenza A (H1N1) infection as category I
91:. Investigation found that some cases had been on a group tour in Thailand. More cases were found in these tour groups in the next few days. Thailand confirmed that the virus was found in a discothèque.
55:
which should be reported within 24 hours and all suspect patients should be hospitalized and isolated until the diagnosis was excluded. Besides routine fever screening, which has been in place since the
1420:
69:
been in the United States from February 20 to May 18 and was symptomatic on his flight back to Taiwan. He was sent to designated hospital directly from the airport, isolated, treated with
128:
Influenza A (H1N1) was removed from list of Category I Notifiable Disease and was included in the list of Category IV and reported as influenza complications on June 19. All cases with
1395:
1162:"Commander Yang: general and municipal hospitals to remain open during weekend for campaign to vaccinate entire population against H1N1 that begins on December 12, 2009"
74:
airport. On May 24, the first domestic case that became infected with influenza A (H1N1) through close contact with an imported case was diagnosed. Because of enhanced
774:
Rapid SYBR Green I and Modified Probe Real-Time Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays Identify Influenza H1N1 Viruses and Distinguish between Pandemic and Seasonal Strains
211:
On June 1, the CECC began the process to procure influenza A(H1N1) vaccine. As a result, 15 million doses of vaccine were bought from two manufacturers (Adimmune and
472:"Three new cases of influenza A (H1N1), including one domestic case, confirmed in Taiwan; current pandemic alert level in Taiwan raised to phase 3 (yellow light)"
64:
measures began on April 29 to delay the importation of the virus, as a result of meeting. On-board quarantine was performed on all flights came directly from the
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Throughout the next few days, cases continued to be imported from abroad. On June 11, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control reported three cases imported from
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for the pandemic. The first shipment of stockpiled antivirals was released on August 29. All medication was paid by the National Health Insurance.
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vaccination record database is linked with the National Health Insurance database to ensure that the incidence of neurological diseases (such as
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447:"First imported case of influenza A (H1N1) confirmed in Taiwan; current pandemic alert level in Taiwan raised to phase 2 (yellow light)"
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1007:
811:"First Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus strain discovered in Taiwan; no signs of further transmission detected"
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are included. According to the guideline, oseltamivir is suggested to be given to patients with influenza-like illness and a positive
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28:
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725:"The First 100 Hospitalized Severe Complicated Influenza Cases Caused by 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in Taiwan"
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1249:"Important decisions made and 5 petitions reviewed at first conference convened by new VICP expert consultants"
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936:"Central Epidemic Command Center announces release of first 250,000 doses of Tamiflu from national stockpile"
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1473:
1188:"Epidemic Command Center thanks people in Taiwan for writing a new chapter in history of disease prevention"
497:"The Response to Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Epidemic in Taiwan and Analysis of the Initial 61 Confirmed Cases"
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372:"WHO raises influenza pandemic alert level, Taiwan establishes Central Epidemic Command Center in response"
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1334:
347:"Minister of Health convenes first meeting held by Central Epidemic Command Center, 5 decisions reached"
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groups 0–49, 50–64, and greater than 65 years was the highest for adults greater than 65 years of age.
959:
728:
500:
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CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF PANDEMIC(H1N1) 2009 VIRUS INFECTION, Interim Guidance from Expert Consultation
836:"Investigation of the First Two Cases of Oseltamivir- Resistant Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Taiwan"
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911:"Central Epidemic Command Center announces government purchase of 0.9 million courses of Relenza"
52:
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225:
1396:"Chien-Ming Wang participates in H1N1 prevention campaign by shooting video for Taiwan CDC"
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began on May 20, 2009, when a non-citizen who had been living in Taiwan returned from the
1236:
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596:
1087:"Taiwan to launch H1N1 vaccine campaign according to vaccine priority list and schedule"
1358:
1033:"Central Epidemic Command Center announces plans to procure influenza A (H1N1) vaccine"
269:
229:
27:. By the end of September, more than 90% of influenza A detected in the community were
1457:
1274:"Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (VICP) completes review of eleven petitions"
621:
70:
1137:"Cross-National Study：H1N1 vaccination rate among physicians highest in Taiwan"
786:"Taiwan CDC identifies presence of novel influenza A (H1N1) virus in community"
185:
61:
678:
174:
44:
1323:
Precautions, Reporting, and Procedure in Response to H1N1 September 7, 2009
272:
in routine news conference and on the website. Many celebrities, including
422:"Taiwan CDC to implement onboard quarantine inspection of certain flights"
194:
Critical Care Medicine. Guidelines on diagnosis, treatment and control of
212:
94:
On 17 June 2009, it was known that a female diplomat working in Taiwan's
88:
65:
47:
648:
886:"More than two million doses of oseltamivir and Relenza are in place"
397:"Suspected influenza A (H1N1) case must be reported within 24 hours"
750:"Diagnostic test for influenza A(H1N1) already available in Taiwan"
547:"Seven new imported cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) confirmed"
184:
57:
294:"First imported case of influenza A (H1N1) confirmed in Taiwan"
40:
102:
was widely critiqued for trying to keep the outbreak hidden.
1237:
Summary of 2009 Monovalent H1N1 Vaccine Safety Surveillance
522:"Four more imported cases of influenza A (H1N1) confirmed"
155:
Pneumonia and influenza (P&I) mortality surveillance
1075:– via China (Taiwan) Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
189:
Taiwan compares to OECD Countries in Pandemic Mortality
1213:"Group H1N1 vaccination appointment lines open Monday"
236:
Surveillance for adverse events following immunization
572:"21 Discotheque Staff In Pattaya Infected With H1N1"
228:, immunization stations were set up in airports and
1058:"Additional swine flu vaccine acquired from abroad"
597:"Thailand sees jump in H1N1 cases, many in Pattaya"
960:Clinical Treatment Guideline for Influenza A(H1N1)
677:. NOWnews.com (今日傳媒). 18 June 2009. Archived from
107:Diplomatic Quarter (Taiwan) § 2009 H1N1 case
232:to vaccinate travellers since February 1, 2010.
173:In addition to oseltamivir, CECC also procured
116:Taiwan CDC has multiple surveillance systems (
983:"Bureau of National Health Insurance, Taiwan"
8:
1008:"Letter from the Taiwan Medical Association"
1299:"Guangfu Elementary School suspends class"
624:. The Liberty Times (自由時報). 19 June 2009.
285:
7:
1112:"H1N1 vaccination priority schedule"
1464:2009 swine flu pandemic by country
1449:Centers for Disease Control Taiwan
1359:Surveillance for influenza A(H1N1)
14:
655:from the original on 10 June 2019
628:from the original on 16 June 2019
17:2009 swine flu pandemic in Taiwan
1371:"Press releases from Taiwan CDC"
60:period in 2003, multiple border
1341:from the original on 2009-09-08
1305:from the original on 2009-05-29
1068:from the original on 2021-08-28
603:from the original on 2009-06-14
578:from the original on 2009-06-15
200:rapid influenza diagnostic test
98:had contracted the virus. The
1:
1421:"Letter to doctors from CECC"
1335:"325 class suspension policy"
675:"指責外交部隱匿新流感 綠議員：使館特區陷集體感染危機"
1469:Disease outbreaks in Taiwan
100:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1490:
319:"Taiwan Influenza Express"
120:)to monitor the epidemic.
104:
219:National Immunization Day
243:Guillain–Barré syndrome
146:Outpatient surveillance
190:
137:Virologic surveillance
130:influenza-like illness
647:許, 甫 (18 June 2009).
622:"議員痛批：使館特區爆新流感 外交部隱匿"
188:
124:Complicated influenza
1168:on February 29, 2012
649:"國合會有人得H1N1 隱匿危及使館？"
196:nosocomial infection
118:disease surveillance
861:"Influenza Express"
700:"Influenza Express"
181:Medical care system
169:Antiviral stockpile
651:. TVBS Media Inc.
263:Mass communication
191:
96:Diplomatic Quarter
53:notifiable disease
29:Influenza A (H1N1)
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226:Chinese New Year
164:Control measures
35:Initial response
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207:Vaccination
71:oseltamivir
43:raised the
1458:Categories
1431:2017-10-29
1406:2019-08-29
1381:2017-10-29
1345:2010-01-29
1309:2010-01-29
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735:2010-02-02
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685:2017-11-01
659:1 November
632:1 November
607:2010-01-29
582:2010-01-29
557:2017-10-29
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357:2024-07-14
326:cdc.gov.tw
304:2017-10-29
280:References
105:See also:
79:Bulletin.
62:quarantine
175:zanamivir
45:influenza
25:Hong Kong
1339:Archived
1303:Archived
1066:Archived
653:Archived
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213:Novartis
89:Thailand
66:Americas
48:pandemic
331:14 July
39:After
322:(PDF)
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333:2024
58:SARS
23:via
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