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2010 Turkish constitutional referendum

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5650:, spoke for the European Parliament's Socialist and Democrat Group when he declared his support for the referendum results. "The unexpectedly large 'yes' vote in Turkey's constitutional referendum is a sign of the population's support for reforms that will prepare the country for European Union membership." He also said it would be a blow to European critics who suggested Turkey does not have the political will to make the necessary reforms to join the EU. He also supported calls to draw up a new constitution through cross-party consensus. 204: 2376:
the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors (HSYK) are in violation of the constitutional principle of separation of powers. With this claim, the CHP alleges that the AKP is attempting to change one of Turkey's constitutional articles that cannot be amended. So in addition to a review of the package on procedural grounds, the CHP also demands a review of the content of the package. The CHP also demands a stay of the referendum results, bringing the total of CHP demands to three.
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did not annul the whole package. Judges annulled certain parts of two articles, but rejected the demands of the Turkish opposition to scrap the whole package on technical grounds. The partially annulled articles pertain to the structure of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors (HSYK). They were controversial due to the changes envisioned in the member appointment processes.
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On 7 July 2010, the Turkish Constitutional Court delivered its final verdict on a package of constitutional amendments, which is to be subject to a public referendum on 12 September. The court has ruled in favour of the vast majority of the government's proposed reforms to the constitution. The court
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On 30 March 2010, Turkey's ruling party submitted its package of constitutional amendments to the parliament. The changes were passed in parliament in late April and early May 2010 with over 330 votes, below the two-thirds majority of 367 votes needed to pass them directly, but enough to send them to
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The HSYK would be restructured to consist of 22 regular and 12 substitute members. Nineteen members would be appointed, four by the president. The court would also function in three separate departments and would have the power to launch investigations against judges and prosecutors. (Revises Article
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Businesspeople with tax debts will be able to travel abroad. Businesspeople facing an investigation or prosecution are prohibited from traveling abroad under current regulations. In the amendments, businesspeople will be able to travel abroad provided there is no court order restricting their travel.
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In 2010, the Turkish parliament adopted a series of constitutional amendments. The amendments did not achieve the required two-thirds majority (67%) for immediately implementing the changes. However, a majority of 330 votes (60%) was achieved and sufficient to present the amendments to the electorate
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said such a figure could not be underestimated and his party had a major role in reaching such a rate. "When we look at the result, we see that the Justice and Development Party has taken a very important step towards creating a judiciary mechanism that is entirely dependent on itself," Kılıçdaroğlu
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not only argues that the constitutional package includes unconstitutional reforms, but also that it was passed through procedural violations. It wants the Constitutional Court to review the proposal process. The CHP's legal advisers also argued that the changes the package makes to the structures of
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Provisional Article 15 of the Constitution, which provided protection to coup leaders, will be abolished. The amendments will allow the leaders of the 1980 coup to be sent to court. Military officers who commit crimes against the state, such as preparing coup plans, will be tried in civilian courts.
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for government employees. While government employees will be granted the right to collective bargaining, the Public Employees' Arbitration Board consisting of government employee representatives will have the final say. The same right will be granted to the retired. Government employees who believe
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The size and membership of the Constitutional Court would be restructured. The number of members of the country's top court would be raised to 17 from 11, and Parliament and the president would elect and appoint members. Currently only the president can appoint members to the Constitutional Court.
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Decisions by the Supreme Military Council (YAŞ), that result in the expulsion of military officers from the Turkish Armed Forces, or TSK, would be allowed to be appealed in court. The amendment, however, has excluded YAŞ decisions that force military personnel to retire due to promotion procedures
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Government workers, who until now could only be a member of one labor union, will now have a choice. Additionally, warnings and reprimands given to government employees will be open to judicial review. Government employees who believe they have been punished unfairly will be able to make claims in
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called Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan on telephone and congratulated him on victory in the referendum held on 12 Sept. He said," the results of referendum show the confidence of Turkish people in the dynamic leadership and pro-people policies of Mr. Erdoğan". He further said that the
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Citizens would be allowed the right to make personal applications to the Constitutional Court. The article would also pave the way for the court to act as the Supreme Council and acquire the authority to judge the chief of General Staff, force commanders and the Parliament speaker in the event of
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called his Turkish counterpart to congratulate him for the government's success in Sunday's referendum on the constitutional amendment package. Greek Foreign Minister declared that the results of the referendum are a 'clear choice' and 'strong signal of support for the reforms promoted by Tayyip
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said the referendum sent a "clear signal of Turkey's European vocation and it demonstrates the commitment of the Turkish authorities to modernize the political and social institutions." "And although some countries still have doubts and reluctance, I believe that in the end logic will prevail,"
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Restrictions on the right to strike will be removed. Restrictions on politically motivated strikes and lockouts will be removed to advance workers' rights. Labor unions will not be held liable for material damage to a workplace where a strike is being held as a result of deliberately negligent
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The Economic and Social Council (ESK), which comprises representatives from unions, associations and confederations, will be given constitutional protection. The council will be effective in determining economic policies and the government's involvement in council activities will be removed.
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was held in Turkey on 12 September 2010. The results showed the majority supported the constitutional amendments, with 58% in favour and 42% against. The changes were aimed at bringing the constitution into compliance with European Union standards. Supporters of Turkish EU membership hope
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Personal information such as names, photographs and ID information will be kept private. This kind of information will be stored only if the individual agrees to it, and individuals believing their personal information is being misused will be able to hold relevant entities accountable.
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congratulated the Turkish nation's vote of confidence to the Ankara government in the recent referendum on constitutional amendments. According to a Foreign Ministry statement, both sides expressed hope for the further expansion of all-out ties and described First Vice President
1115:. The number of Constitutional Court members will be expanded. Parliament will appoint three members while the president will appoint 14 members. The Constitutional Court will obtain a more democratic structure, consisting of two parts and functioning as a general assembly. 5609:
claimed that with the constitutional amendments which will serve the backdoor intentions of the AKP to create a sectarian judiciary being approved by the Turkish nation, Turkey was dragged into the Dark Ages littered with dangers and vital threats, adding that bad days are
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Each article required more than 330 votes in order to pass. The amendment for Article 69, which would have limited the ability of the Supreme Court to dissolve political parties, did not meet this threshold in the second round and was therefore dropped from the package.
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Measures enacted to ensure equal rights for men and women will not be interpreted as contrary to the principle of equality, nor those enacted to protect children, elderly people, disabled people, widows and orphans of martyrs as well as for invalid and veterans.
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results were clear manifestation of the proof that democracy and democratic norms have strengthened to bring about changes for betterment of the people. The Prime Minister also expressed gratitude for assistance of the Turkish government and the people through
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Measures ensuring equality between men and women, and protecting children, the elderly, disabled people, widows and orphans of martyrs as well as for invalid and veterans would not be considered a violation of the principle of equality. (Revises Article
1122:(HSYK) will increase in number from 7 to 22. Members will no longer be elected only by the Supreme Court of Appeals and the Council of State. A total of 11 judges from around 13,000 judges will be appointed to the board to represent judges on the bench. 1273:
A quorum would be established for the Constitutional Court to convene and the minimum number of votes required to close a political party or annul constitutional amendments would be changed to two-thirds from three-fifths. (Revises Article
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Since the structure of the Constitutional Court will change, closing down parties will not be as easy as it used to be. Deputies will not be banned from politics if their party is closed down, but will keep their seats for the normal term.
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The protection of personal data and privacy would be revised, and everyone would be entitled to the protection of privacy. Access to data about personal information would be included within the new protection measures. (Revises Article
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Dismissed judges will be able to appeal to the judiciary. The HSYK's decisions, like YAŞ decisions, will be open to judicial review. Prosecutors and judges dismissed by the board will be able to challenge dismissal decisions in court.
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Additional protections would be granted regarding family and children's rights. All children would expressly have the right to have direct communication with their mother and father and continue relations with them. (Revises Article
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Public servants would be allowed to be members of more than one union. Civil servants would also have the right to collective bargaining with a body for conciliation to be established in the event of disagreement. (Revises Article
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An ombudsman system to deal with problems that may arise between state institutions and citizens would be established. Every citizen would be granted the right to request information and apply to the ombudsman. (Revises Article
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said. He also added Erdoğan administration was seeking dangerous levels of control over the country's judiciary, with two of the 26 approved amendments allegedly giving excessive influence to the government over the courts.
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New court members would be selected for terms of 12 years or until they reach the age of 65. The current article does not set a term limit but stipulates that members retire upon reaching the age of 65. (Revises Article
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has made a telephone conversation with the Prime Minister of the Republic of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, to congratulate him and in which Erdoğan expressed Turkey's continued willingness to support the Republic of
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has called the Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdoğan to congratulate him for the "brilliant success" of the approval of the constitutional referendum and that there will be soon a bilateral summit between the two
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called the move a significant step in the democratic development of Turkey. "The constitutional reform approved on Sunday is an important step forward towards bringing the country closer to European standards and
5567:(CHP), could not vote because of a mix-up over where he should cast his ballot. "It was my responsibility to check the register of electors, but I could not do it due to my intense referendum campaign," he said. 1287:
The Economic and Social Council would be established as a constitutional institution. The council provides consultation to the government in creating economic and social policies. (Revises Article 166)
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said: "This opens the European door, even though it will take time to take that step." With the referendum, Turkey "paves the way for a more open and democratic evolution of the country."
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The function of the Supreme Military Administrative Court would be based on the principle of the freedom of the courts rather than the "necessity of military duty." (Revises Article 157)
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The reform package was accepted by parliament on 7 May, initiating the referendum process. The referendum was expected to be held 60 days after the publication of the package in the
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over his role in the 1980 coup, as Evren defended the coup, saying military intervention was needed to bring an end to years of violence between leftist and rightist factions.
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Civilian courts would be permitted to try military personnel, and military courts would not be permitted to try civilians other than during times of war. (Revises Article 145)
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The ban on general strikes would be lifted. The measure would also include strikes held for political or solidarity purposes, as well as slowdown strikes. (Revises Article 54)
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sent a telegram stating that this is a "historical and democratic victory" for Turkey and hoping that this referendum would be a lesson for democracy in the Middle East.
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Justice services and the supervision of prosecutors with regard to their administrative duties would be performed by Justice Ministry inspectors. (Revises Article 144)
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issued a statement saying "I welcome the success of the referendum," "The reform of the constitution is another important step by Turkey on the road towards Europe."
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and the absence of tenure. Under current law, YAŞ decisions to expel military officers from the armed forces cannot be taken to court. (Revises Article 125)
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Travel bans would be relaxed. Trips abroad would be restricted only if a person is subject to a criminal investigation or a legal case. (Revises Article 23)
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cannot vote as he is the parliament speaker. CHP and BDP decided to boycott the voting. The Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) voted against the articles.
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Public servants would be provided the right to apply to courts over censure or warning punishments they face in their workplaces. (Revises Article 129)
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without having to go to court. If citizens are not satisfied with judicial decisions, they will be able to directly petition the Constitutional Court.
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Public servants would be granted the right to collective bargaining with regard to their financial and social rights. (Revises Article 128)
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A poll by KONDA Research in September 2010 forecasted 56.8% in favour of the draft, 25.6% were opposed, while 17.6% were undecided.
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abuses of power. It also allows for the appeal of decisions made while the court acts as the Supreme Council. (Revises Article 148)
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in a referendum. A constitutional change, to make it more difficult for the Supreme Court to dissolve parties, failed to pass.
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Deputies would remain in their posts until their elected term ends, even if their parties are closed. (Revises Article 84)
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to congratulate him and "acknowledged the vibrancy of Turkey's democracy as reflected in the turnout for the referendum."
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called Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to congratulate him for the success on the constitutional referendum.
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The organization and function of the military Supreme Court of Appeals would be restructured. (Revises Article 156)
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telephoned the Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan to congratulate him for the results of the referendum.
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All citizens will be able to file a petition with the Constitutional Court. This is now only possible at the
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An article banning the prosecution of the 1980 coup leaders would be annulled. (Annuls temporary Article 15)
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The tenure of deputies elected for Parliament's presidential board would be modified. (Revises Article 94)
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will have the right to appeal to the judiciary, the right to legal remedies and the right of defense.
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said the state had "crossed a historic threshold toward advanced democracy and the supremacy of law."
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A poll by Sonar Research in August 2010 forecasted 49.1% in favour of the draft and 50.9% opposed.
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Schedule of referendum to be set after Constitutional amendment published in Official Gazette.
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telephoned his Turkish counterpart and congratulated him for the results of the referendum.
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Both the government and the opposition expressed disappointment with the Court's decision.
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Erdoğan. "The Turkish people reaffirmed its commitment to the European perspective."
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The result of the referendum was welcomed by a number of international observers.
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The composition of the parliament (550 seats) during the voting was as follows:
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Besides the President, the ministers and other senior government officials, the
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Opposition vows to challenge reforms after Turkish president signs package
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Government of Turkey, Supreme Election Board (YSK) (12 September 2010).
5594:(CHP) – Pointing to the 42% of voters who said "No" at the referendum, 5533:
Government of Turkey, Supreme Election Board (YSK) (12 September 2010).
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signs the law. On 13 May 2010, president Gül signed the reform package.
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Turks May Vote `No' in Referendum on Constitution Next Month, Poll Says
6247: 5785: 5677: 6732:"PM telephones Turkish counterpart; felicitates on referendum victory" 1087:
Problems between the state and citizens will be resolved by way of an
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Leader of the Justice and Development Party (2001–2014; 2017–present)
6924: 6482:"Turkey's opposition leader breaks his silence on referendum results" 5905: 5698: 5884: 5858: 5750: 5584:(AKP) – Following the announcement of the results, Prime Minister 6758:"Asian, Balkans, Mideast leaders hail Turkish referendum results" 6734:. Associated Press of Pakistan. 13 September 2010. Archived from 6317:
Pro-democracy NGO calls reform package a major step for democracy
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also welcomed the results and called the Turkish Prime Minister
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Moratinos told reporters ahead of a meeting of EU ministers in
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Official translation of the proposed changes by the Government
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The Free Library. 12 May 2010. Retrieved on 12 September 2010.
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they have been punished unfairly will be able to go to court.
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constitutional reform will facilitate the membership process.
6806:"World leaders congratulate Turkish PM for referendum result" 6657: 6183:"Law No 5982 Amending Certain Provisions of the Constitution" 1165:"Law No 5982 Amending Certain Provisions of the Constitution" 6008:
BBC News. 12 September 2010. Retrieved on 12 September 2010.
6608:(in Greek). Naftemporiki. 14 September 2010. Archived from 6099:
EuroNews. 9 September 2010. Retrieved on 12 September 2010.
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A constitutional referendum on a number of changes to the
6658:"Prime Minister Thaci talks with his Turkish counterpart" 6634:(in Italian). Virgilio. 13 September 2010. Archived from 6301:
Turkish constitutional reform package goes to final round
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Turkey's Constitutional Court does not block referendum
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Government of Turkey, Prime Ministry (19 August 2010).
6149:"What will the constitutional changes mean for Turkey?" 1163:
Government of Turkey, Prime Ministry (19 August 2010).
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Poll shows majority back Turk reforms on eve of vote
6025:"International backing given to Turkish reform vote" 7862: 7809: 7782: 7731: 7705: 7664: 7648: 7639: 7556: 7467: 7298: 7244: 7131: 6976: 6941: 6706:"Berri congratulates Erdogan on referendum results" 6582:(in German). AFP. 13 September 2010. Archived from 74: 6760:. Worldbulletin. 14 September 2010. Archived from 5563:, the leader of the opposition represented by the 1111:Parliament will choose some of the members of the 65:Constitutional referendum for 26 articles of the 6558:"Western powers back Turkish referendum results" 6061: 6059: 6057: 1075:behavior by the workers and by the labor union. 6660:(in Albanian). Kosova Press. 13 September 2010 6449:National Post. Retrieved on 12 September 2010. 6176: 6174: 6172: 5636:Enlargement Commissioner in the European Union 1046:Military personnel who are dismissed from the 7372: 6907: 6243:"Factbox: Turkey's constitutional amendments" 6018: 6016: 6014: 996: 8: 6786:(in Spanish). EuropaPress. 13 September 2010 6027:. Istanbul: British Broadcasting Corporation 18: 6552: 6550: 7645: 7379: 7365: 7357: 6914: 6900: 6892: 6527: 6525: 6364:. Ankara: Feza Gazetecilik. Archived from 6237: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6119:"What will the Sept. 12 referendum bring?" 2507: 1003: 989: 391: 217: 6828:"Turkey faces long road to EU membership" 2403:Turkish constitutional referendum, 2010 2401: 1352: 80: 6113: 6111: 6109: 6107: 6105: 5973: 1120:Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors 394: 322: 272: 244: 220: 7616:2010 Turkish constitutional referendum 7611:2007 Turkish constitutional referendum 6217: 6206: 6044: 6042: 1199: 1188: 19:2010 Turkish constitutional referendum 17: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5995: 5658:Council of Europe's Secretary-General 5537:. Yüksek Seçim Kurulu. Archived from 2074:Organisation of Constitutional Court 1364: 1361: 1300:a referendum within sixty days after 1142:supreme commander of the Turkish army 7: 7969:Constitutional referendums in Turkey 6023:Head, Jonathan (13 September 2010). 6484:. WorldBulletin.net. Archived from 6097:Turkey’s constitutional groundshift 6006:Turkey backs constitutional changes 5720:– In a telephone conversation with 2284:High Military Administrative Court 1906:The right to collective bargaining 1041:Coup leaders and military personnel 6882:Text of the Constitutional changes 6854:"Call to try Turkish coup leaders" 6808:. Worldbulletin. 14 September 2010 6419:Poll shows most Turks back reforms 1017:military coup of 12 September 1980 14: 6270:Sağam, Fazıl (1 September 2010). 1528:Family law and children's rights 1486:Prohibition to leave the country 7944: 7943: 7547: 7519:2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt 6923: 6708:. NowLebanon.com. Archived from 6682:. NowLebanon.com. Archived from 6508:"İlk açıklama Bahçeli'den geldi" 5919: 5898: 5877: 5851: 5830: 5803: 5778: 5762: 5743: 5710: 5691: 5670: 5624: 2489: 2472: 2461: 2450: 2419: 2353: 2311: 2269: 2227: 2200:Functioning and trial procedure 2185: 2143: 2101: 2059: 2017: 1975: 1933: 1891: 1849: 1822:Parliament's presidential board 1807: 1765: 1723: 1681: 1639: 1597: 1555: 1513: 1471: 1429: 963: 404: 236:First Ottoman Parliament at the 230: 202: 119: 97: 25: 7989:September 2010 events in Turkey 7920:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University 7430:Istanbul 1st electoral district 7348:Elections in the Ottoman Empire 6437:Retrieved on 12 September 2010. 6356:Kiliç, Ali Aslan (4 May 2010). 6125:. 8 August 2010. Archived from 5491: 7529:2017 constitutional referendum 7502:University diploma controversy 2116:Term of office and membership 1131:European Court of Human Rights 1: 7949:Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 7905:The world is bigger than five 7438:Member of the 22nd Parliament 5582:Justice and Development Party 1948:The right to apply to courts 1570:More than 1 union membership 887:Turkey and the United Nations 847:Diplomatic missions in Turkey 842:Diplomatic missions of Turkey 486:Leader of the Main Opposition 7915:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium 7539:2018–present Economic crisis 6278:(in Turkish). Archived from 2242:Military Court of Cassation 1864:Recourse to judicial review 6272:"Orhan Pamuk ve Referandum" 5950:launched a petition to try 1144:can now also appear in the 879:Membership of international 818:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 8005: 7799:A Fairer World Is Possible 7791:This Song Doesn't End Here 6067:"Can Erdogan pull it off?" 5603:Nationalist Movement Party 2491:Registered voters/turnout 2371:The main opposition party 1138:chairman of the parliament 1058:Economic and social rights 7940: 7931:Turkey: Empire of Erdogan 7841:Sümeyye Erdoğan Bayraktar 7545: 7394: 7344: 5794:Speaker of the Parliament 5592:Republican People's Party 5565:Republican People's Party 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2413: 2410: 2407: 2326:Organisation of the HSYK 1780:Membership in parliament 1367: 1358: 1355: 572:National Security Council 292:Second Constitutional Era 222:Constitutional history of 201: 192: 177:Registered voters/turnout 91: 88: 79: 63: 39: 23: 7631:Civil–military relations 7512:Erdowie, Erdowo, Erdogan 7441:Siirt electoral district 7414:Prime Minister of Turkey 5948:Human Rights Association 5769:Kosovo – Prime Minister 5729:Iranian Foreign Minister 5722:Turkish Foreign Minister 2367:Annulment of the package 1696:Political party closure 1402:Equality before the Law 892:Permanent Representative 676:Supreme Election Council 287:First Constitutional Era 245:Constitutional documents 7829:Necmettin Bilal Erdoğan 7586:Prime ministerial trips 6978:Parliamentary elections 6510:(in Turkish). mynet.com 6086:(subscription required) 5822:for the victims of the 2463:Invalid or blank votes 944:History of the Republic 466:Grand National Assembly 238:Old Darülfünun building 148:Invalid or blank votes 7895:Conservative democracy 7606:2005 Diyarbakır speech 7457:28th Mayor of Istanbul 7432:(2007–2011; 2011–2015) 6943:Presidential elections 6216:Cite journal requires 5866:Miguel Angel Moratinos 5644:European Parliamentary 1612:Collective bargaining 1198:Cite journal requires 560:Current cabinet (67th) 7910:Assassination threats 7870:Early life and career 7835:Esra Erdoğan Albayrak 7596:Democratic initiative 7534:Iran poem controversy 6560:. Hurriyet Daily News 6462:. Hurriyet Daily News 6322:27 March 2010 at the 5556:Voting irregularities 2158:Functions and powers 1262:(Revises Article 146) 1068:collective bargaining 7388:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 6764:on 17 September 2010 6712:on 27 September 2010 6612:on 18 September 2010 6488:on 14 September 2010 6425:. 11 September 2010. 5935:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 5824:2010 Pakistan floods 5820:Turkish Red Crescent 5737:Mohammad Reza Rahimi 1295:Voting in parliament 1113:Constitutional Court 1048:Turkish Armed Forces 598:Constitutional Court 531:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 372:Constitutional Court 7885:Honorary doctorates 7823:Ahmet Burak Erdoğan 7524:2016–present purges 7403:President of Turkey 6834:. 13 September 2010 6344:Hürriyet Daily News 6305:Hürriyet Daily News 6251:. 12 September 2010 6157:. 12 September 2010 2504:Results by province 2404: 1990:Judicial oversight 1654:Strike and lockout 1444:Privacy protection 1083:Individual freedoms 254:Charter of Alliance 20: 7875:Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu 7626:Gezi Park protests 7497:Presidential trips 6586:on 24 January 2013 6129:on 10 October 2012 6075:. 9 September 2010 5815:Yousuf Raza Gilani 5732:Manouchehr Mottaki 5561:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu 2514:Registered voters 2402: 1152:Changes by article 611:Court of Cassation 397:Politics of Turkey 7956: 7955: 7778: 7777: 7641:Electoral history 7507:Böhmermann affair 7354: 7353: 5813:– Prime Minister 5788:– Prime Minister 5755:Silvio Berlusconi 5753:– Prime Minister 5703:George Papandreou 5701:– Prime Minister 5685:Guido Westerwelle 5661:Thorbjorn Jagland 5654:Council of Europe 5551: 5524: 5523: 2501: 2500: 2364: 2363: 2032:Military Justice 1356:The Constitution 1208: 1013: 1012: 970:Turkey portal 865:Visa requirements 811:Foreign relations 798:Political parties 680:Recent elections 624:Court of Accounts 501:Political parties 377: 376: 216: 215: 188: 187: 54: 53: 47:12 September 2010 7996: 7984:Reform in Turkey 7974:2010 referendums 7947: 7946: 7925:Erdoğan Hospital 7853:Selçuk Bayraktar 7649:Istanbul Mayoral 7646: 7601:Solution process 7551: 7460: 7452: 7444: 7433: 7417: 7406: 7381: 7374: 7367: 7358: 6928: 6927: 6916: 6909: 6902: 6893: 6880: 6866: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6850: 6844: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6824: 6818: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6780: 6774: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6728: 6722: 6721: 6719: 6717: 6702: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6676: 6670: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6628: 6622: 6621: 6619: 6617: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6554: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6529: 6520: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6504: 6498: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6456: 6450: 6444: 6438: 6432: 6426: 6416: 6410: 6409:. 11 August 2010 6400: 6394: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6353: 6347: 6337: 6331: 6330:. 25 March 2010. 6314: 6308: 6307:. 29 April 2010. 6298: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6267: 6261: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6239: 6226: 6225: 6219: 6214: 6212: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6194: 6187: 6178: 6167: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6145: 6139: 6138: 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1169: 1157: 1107:Judicial reforms 1036:Changes by theme 1029:Official Gazette 1005: 998: 991: 968: 967: 966: 666:Electoral system 637:Council of State 408: 392: 259:Edict of Gülhane 234: 218: 206: 197: 196: 178: 123: 122: 101: 100: 81: 59: 58: 41: 40: 35: 34: 30: 29: 28: 21: 8004: 8003: 7999: 7998: 7997: 7995: 7994: 7993: 7959: 7958: 7957: 7952: 7936: 7858: 7805: 7774: 7727: 7701: 7660: 7635: 7552: 7543: 7463: 7455: 7447: 7436: 7427:24th Parliament 7420: 7409: 7398: 7390: 7385: 7355: 7350: 7340: 7294: 7240: 7133:Local elections 7127: 6972: 6937: 6922: 6920: 6878: 6875: 6870: 6869: 6859: 6857: 6852: 6851: 6847: 6837: 6835: 6826: 6825: 6821: 6811: 6809: 6804: 6803: 6799: 6789: 6787: 6782: 6781: 6777: 6767: 6765: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6741: 6739: 6738:on 23 July 2011 6730: 6729: 6725: 6715: 6713: 6704: 6703: 6699: 6689: 6687: 6686:on 22 July 2011 6678: 6677: 6673: 6663: 6661: 6656: 6655: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6638:on 22 July 2011 6630: 6629: 6625: 6615: 6613: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6589: 6587: 6578: 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927: 926: 923: 922: 921: 920: 918: 917: 912: 907: 901: 896: 895: 894: 884: 877: 873: 872: 867: 862: 857: 850: 849: 844: 837: 836: 835: 834: 814: 809: 808: 805: 804: 801: 800: 795: 794: 793: 792: 791: 789: 788: 783: 778: 772: 765: 764: 763: 761: 760: 755: 750: 744: 737: 736: 735: 733: 732: 727: 722: 716: 709: 708: 707: 705: 704: 699: 694: 688: 678: 673: 668: 662: 657: 656: 653: 652: 648: 647: 646: 645: 634: 633: 632: 621: 620: 619: 608: 607: 606: 594: 593: 588: 587: 584: 583: 580: 579: 574: 569: 564: 563: 562: 547: 546: 545: 538:Vice President 535: 534: 533: 517: 512: 511: 508: 507: 504: 503: 498: 497: 496: 491: 484: 482: 481: 480: 471: 462: 457: 456: 453: 452: 448: 447: 446: 445: 435: 430: 424: 423: 418: 417: 414: 413: 410: 409: 401: 400: 395: 389: 386: 375: 374: 368: 367: 365: 364: 359: 354: 349: 344: 339: 334: 328: 325: 324: 320: 319: 317: 316: 311: 306: 301: 296: 295: 294: 289: 278: 275: 274: 270: 269: 267: 266: 261: 256: 250: 247: 246: 242: 241: 235: 227: 226: 214: 213: 207: 199: 198: 190: 189: 186: 185: 182: 179: 173: 172: 167: 162: 156: 155: 152: 149: 145: 144: 141: 138: 134: 133: 130: 127: 116: 115: 110: 105: 94: 93: 90: 87: 84: 77: 76: 72: 71: 64: 61: 60: 52: 51: 49: 44: 37: 36: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8001: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7964: 7951: 7950: 7939: 7933: 7932: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7900:Turkish model 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7861: 7854: 7851: 7848: 7845: 7842: 7839: 7836: 7833: 7830: 7827: 7824: 7821: 7818: 7817:Emine Erdoğan 7815: 7814: 7812: 7808: 7801: 7800: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7781: 7769: 7766: 7765: 7764: 7761: 7757: 7754: 7753: 7752: 7749: 7745: 7742: 7741: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7734: 7730: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7704: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7683: 7680: 7678: 7675: 7673: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7663: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7647: 7644: 7642: 7638: 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7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7124: 7123: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6935: 6931: 6926: 6917: 6912: 6910: 6905: 6903: 6898: 6897: 6894: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6855: 6849: 6846: 6833: 6832:National Post 6829: 6823: 6820: 6807: 6801: 6798: 6785: 6779: 6776: 6763: 6759: 6753: 6750: 6737: 6733: 6727: 6724: 6711: 6707: 6701: 6698: 6685: 6681: 6675: 6672: 6659: 6653: 6650: 6637: 6633: 6627: 6624: 6611: 6607: 6601: 6598: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6572: 6559: 6553: 6551: 6547: 6534: 6528: 6526: 6522: 6509: 6503: 6500: 6487: 6483: 6477: 6474: 6461: 6455: 6452: 6448: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6431: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6399: 6396: 6392: 6388: 6383: 6380: 6368:on 7 May 2010 6367: 6363: 6362:Today's Zaman 6359: 6352: 6349: 6345: 6341: 6336: 6333: 6329: 6328:Today's Zaman 6325: 6321: 6318: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6297: 6294: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6266: 6263: 6250: 6249: 6244: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6223: 6210: 6191: 6184: 6177: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6156: 6155: 6150: 6144: 6141: 6128: 6124: 6123:Today's Zaman 6120: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6102: 6098: 6093: 6090: 6074: 6073: 6072:The Economist 6068: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6054: 6050: 6045: 6043: 6039: 6026: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6002: 6000: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5988:(in Turkish). 5984: 5977: 5974: 5967: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5958:Hüseyin Çelik 5955: 5953: 5949: 5941: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5927:United States 5917: 5914: 5911: 5907: 5896: 5893: 5890: 5886: 5875: 5872: 5867: 5864: 5860: 5849: 5846: 5845:Mahmoud Abbas 5843: 5839: 5828: 5825: 5821: 5816: 5812: 5801: 5798: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5776: 5772: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5741: 5738: 5733: 5730: 5726: 5723: 5719: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5689: 5686: 5683: 5679: 5668: 5662: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5622: 5621: 5620: 5615:International 5614: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5590: 5587: 5583: 5580: 5579: 5575: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5555: 5540: 5536: 5530: 5526: 5525: 5519: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5507: 5504: 5501: 5498: 5495: 5492: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5464: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5453: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5436: 5433: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5364: 5361: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5325: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5277: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5259: 5256: 5253: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5237: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5217: 5214: 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4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4226: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4215: 4212: 4209: 4206: 4203: 4201: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4173: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4154: 4151: 4149: 4146: 4143: 4140: 4137: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4071: 4068: 4065: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4020:Kahramanmaraş 4018: 4017: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4005: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3921: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3891: 3888: 3885: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3873: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3861: 3858: 3855: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3843: 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3381: 3378: 3375: 3373: 3370: 3369: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3337: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3312: 3309: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3240: 3237: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3221: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3171: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3146: 3143: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3117: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3096: 3093: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3074: 3071: 3069: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3009: 3005: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2961: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2941: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2922: 2919: 2916: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2847: 2844: 2841: 2838: 2835: 2833: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2823: 2820: 2817: 2814: 2811: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2799: 2797: 2794: 2793: 2789: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2739: 2736: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2721: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2703: 2700: 2697: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2685: 2681: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2614: 2613: 2609: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2595: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2541: 2517:People voted 2509: 2503: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2483: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2473: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2446: 2443: 2440: 2439: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2406: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2366: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2343: 2340: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2321: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2301: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2238: 2237: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2153: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2112: 2111: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2079: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2027: 2016: 2013: 2010: 2007: 2004: 2001: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1953: 1950: 1947: 1944: 1943: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1901: 1890: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1775: 1764: 1761: 1758: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1733: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1691: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1569: 1566: 1565: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1512: 1509: 1506: 1503: 1500: 1497: 1494: 1491: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1470: 1467: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1410: 1407: 1404: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1365:Second round 1354: 1351: 1347: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1294: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1238: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1205: 1192: 1173: 1166: 1160: 1156: 1155: 1151: 1149: 1147: 1146:Supreme Court 1143: 1139: 1134: 1132: 1127: 1123: 1121: 1116: 1114: 1106: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1090: 1082: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1069: 1064: 1057: 1055: 1051: 1049: 1040: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1024: 1020: 1018: 1006: 1001: 999: 994: 992: 987: 986: 984: 983: 977: 974: 973: 971: 961: 960: 952: 949: 945: 942: 941: 940: 937: 936: 929: 928: 916: 915:Customs Union 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 902: 900: 899: 897: 893: 890: 889: 888: 885: 882: 881:organizations 876: 875: 871: 868: 866: 863: 861: 858: 856: 853: 852: 848: 845: 843: 840: 839: 832: 828: 824: 821: 820: 819: 816: 815: 812: 807: 806: 799: 796: 787: 784: 782: 779: 777: 774: 773: 771: 770: 769: 766: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 745: 743: 742: 741: 738: 731: 728: 726: 723: 721: 718: 717: 715: 714: 713: 710: 703: 700: 698: 695: 693: 690: 689: 687: 686: 685: 684:Parliamentary 682: 681: 679: 677: 674: 672: 669: 667: 664: 663: 660: 655: 654: 644: 640: 639: 638: 635: 631: 627: 626: 625: 622: 618: 617:Mehmet Akarca 614: 613: 612: 609: 605: 601: 600: 599: 596: 595: 591: 586: 585: 578: 575: 573: 570: 568: 565: 561: 558: 557: 555: 551: 548: 544: 543:Cevdet Yılmaz 541: 540: 539: 536: 532: 529: 528: 526: 522: 519: 518: 515: 510: 509: 502: 499: 494: 490: 489: 487: 483: 478: 474: 470: 469: 468:(Parliament) 467: 464: 463: 460: 455: 454: 444: 441: 440: 439: 436: 434: 431: 429: 426: 425: 421: 416: 415: 412: 411: 407: 403: 402: 398: 393: 387: 385: 382: 373: 370: 369: 363: 360: 358: 355: 353: 350: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 329: 327: 326: 321: 315: 312: 310: 307: 305: 302: 300: 297: 293: 290: 288: 285: 284: 283: 280: 279: 277: 276: 273:Constitutions 271: 265: 264:Edict of 1856 262: 260: 257: 255: 252: 251: 249: 248: 243: 239: 233: 229: 228: 225: 219: 211: 205: 200: 191: 183: 180: 175: 174: 171: 168: 166: 163: 161: 158: 157: 153: 150: 147: 146: 142: 139: 136: 135: 131: 128: 126: 118: 117: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 96: 95: 83: 82: 78: 73: 68: 62: 50: 48: 45: 43: 42: 38: 22: 16: 7942: 7929: 7880:Public image 7855:(son-in-law) 7849:(son-in-law) 7797: 7794:(1999 album) 7789: 7732:Presidential 7615: 7477:Inauguration 7330: 7121: 6966: 6879:(in Turkish) 6860:19 September 6858:. 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Retrieved 5539:the original 5528: 5477: 5443: 5407: 5371: 5335: 5305: 5269: 5227: 5191: 5161: 5119: 5083: 5047: 5011: 4975: 4939: 4903: 4867: 4831: 4795: 4759: 4723: 4687: 4657: 4621: 4579: 4549: 4507: 4471: 4435: 4399: 4363: 4333: 4291: 4255: 4219: 4183: 4147: 4111: 4075: 4039: 4009: 3967: 3931: 3895: 3865: 3823: 3787: 3751: 3715: 3685: 3643: 3607: 3571: 3541: 3499: 3463: 3433: 3391: 3355: 3325: 3283: 3247: 3211: 3175: 3139: 3109: 3067: 3031: 2995: 2965: 2929: 2893: 2851: 2821: 2779: 2743: 2707: 2671: 2635: 2599: 2569: 2538:Turnout (%) 2520:Valid votes 2484: 2479: 2474: 2452:Valid votes 2434: 2429: 2424: 2393: 2390: 2382: 2378: 2370: 2323:Article 159 2281:Article 157 2239:Article 156 2197:Article 149 2155:Article 148 2113:Article 147 2071:Article 146 2029:Article 145 1987:Article 144 1945:Article 129 1903:Article 128 1861:Article 125 1362:First round 1348: 1309: 1305:Abdullah Gül 1298: 1191:cite journal 1181:13 September 1179:. 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AlJazeera 6133:9 September 5952:Kenan Evren 5797:Nabih Berri 5664:practices." 5640:Štefan Füle 5514:15,855,041 5508:21,788,272 5502:37,643,313 5499:38,369,165 5496:52,051,828 2494:52,051,828 2475:Total votes 2455:37,643,313 2444:15,855,041 1819:Article 94 1777:Article 84 1735:Article 74 1693:Article 69 1651:Article 54 1609:Article 53 1567:Article 51 1525:Article 41 1483:Article 23 1441:Article 20 1399:Article 10 1385:MP turnout 1373:MP turnout 1328:Independent 870:Visa policy 827:Hakan Fidan 641:President: 630:Metin Yener 628:President: 615:President: 602:President: 459:Legislature 443:LGBT rights 323:Referendums 208:Results by 181:52,051,828 160:Total votes 140:37,643,293 129:15,854,113 7963:Categories 7890:Erdoğanism 7843:(daughter) 7837:(daughter) 7469:Presidency 7346:See also: 7106:2015 (Nov) 7101:2015 (Jun) 6423:Al Jazeera 5968:References 5913:Carl Bildt 5758:countries. 5462:2,556,335 4600:1,123,115 4426:1,096,922 4423:1,117,186 4420:1,327,534 4384:1,071,556 4308:Kırklareli 4006:1,430,650 3994:2,246,593 3991:2,283,928 3988:2,870,888 3972:2,997,494 3964:3,643,666 3958:6,641,160 3955:6,743,672 3952:9,206,124 3444:Diyarbakır 3274:1,490,239 3271:1,517,902 3268:1,843,820 2806:1,027,278 2803:1,046,905 2800:1,354,787 2784:1,209,246 2776:1,423,474 2770:2,632,720 2767:2,669,076 2764:3,341,633 2551:1,009,435 2548:1,386,290 2480:38,369,165 2430:21,788,272 1738:Ombudsman 1015:After the 768:Referendum 643:Zeki Yiğit 567:Ministries 493:Özgür Özel 433:Secularism 388:Background 165:38,369,254 108:21,789,180 7565:Cabinets 7481:Cabinets 7248:elections 6936:in Turkey 6930:Elections 6407:Bloomberg 6276:Hakimiyet 5942:Aftermath 5889:President 5842:President 5838:Palestine 5571:Reactions 5424:Zonguldak 4956:Şanlıurfa 4272:Kırıkkale 4164:Kastamonu 3768:Gümüşhane 3696:Gaziantep 3660:Eskişehir 3300:Çanakkale 2940:Balıkesir 2511:Province 1302:President 1089:ombudsman 1066:Right to 910:relations 905:Accession 659:Elections 590:Judiciary 577:Governors 521:President 514:Executive 7768:campaign 7756:campaign 7744:campaign 6320:Archived 6154:Hurriyet 5871:Brussels 5811:Pakistan 5576:Domestic 5505:725,852 5474:119,817 5468:194,737 5465:196,299 5459:Customs 5448:184,586 5440:184,931 5434:369,517 5431:380,435 5428:455,043 5404:196,153 5398:253,675 5395:257,444 5392:319,155 5362:113,885 5359:115,990 5356:148,306 5332:208,501 5326:220,748 5323:231,449 5320:530,745 5302:106,265 5296:105,355 5290:211,620 5287:216,999 5284:245,586 5232:132,220 5224:288,911 5218:421,131 5215:428,766 5212:543,650 5196:125,266 5188:228,442 5182:353,708 5179:359,680 5176:423,544 5158:299,299 5152:158,825 5146:458,124 5143:465,412 5140:567,415 5136:Tekirdağ 5116:268,472 5110:350,504 5107:355,596 5104:429,921 5068:197,046 5038:121,213 5035:124,319 5032:149,452 4996:150,645 4972:523,882 4966:556,434 4963:566,395 4960:827,755 4944:233,185 4936:476,774 4930:709,959 4927:722,865 4924:874,952 4908:162,256 4900:333,871 4894:496,127 4891:505,267 4888:612,621 4864:134,961 4858:177,369 4855:180,309 4852:229,426 4836:116,653 4828:133,827 4822:250,480 4819:255,251 4816:308,075 4812:Osmaniye 4800:142,865 4792:248,557 4786:391,422 4783:400,122 4780:508,677 4756:107,474 4750:176,310 4747:180,549 4744:219,841 4720:111,049 4714:164,404 4711:167,489 4708:196,436 4704:Nevşehir 4678:107,806 4675:112,730 4672:208,405 4654:333,600 4648:149,763 4642:483,363 4639:492,611 4636:593,187 4618:505,393 4612:299,004 4606:804,397 4603:818,141 4576:147,344 4570:157,664 4567:165,856 4564:385,674 4546:408,291 4540:402,626 4534:810,917 4531:829,573 4528:960,069 4512:101,292 4504:307,133 4498:408,425 4495:413,038 4492:497,796 4468:272,217 4462:364,178 4459:372,393 4456:418,071 4440:239,755 4432:857,167 4404:331,790 4396:516,533 4390:848,323 4387:864,871 4354:122,527 4351:125,002 4348:156,339 4344:Kırşehir 4330:161,255 4318:216,797 4315:220,111 4312:251,751 4288:108,586 4282:156,827 4279:159,578 4276:195,333 4224:182,172 4216:498,812 4210:680,984 4207:692,502 4204:812,554 4180:140,006 4174:223,044 4171:228,815 4168:269,272 4138:122,490 4135:125,998 4132:183,800 4102:133,482 4099:136,818 4096:158,392 4066:133,024 4063:136,555 4060:163,081 4044:111,116 4036:428,103 4030:539,219 4027:547,100 4024:653,042 4000:815,943 3961:102,512 3948:Istanbul 3936:104,438 3928:141,226 3922:245,664 3919:251,725 3916:298,726 3880:105,349 3862:394,752 3856:362,011 3850:756,763 3847:767,414 3844:922,012 3808:128,572 3748:152,479 3742:240,153 3739:244,438 3736:306,396 3720:211,406 3712:489,706 3706:701,112 3703:716,358 3700:984,683 3682:250,626 3676:213,331 3670:463,957 3667:472,251 3664:570,044 3640:324,011 3634:373,026 3631:379,988 3628:474,085 3598:121,643 3595:123,158 3592:143,843 3588:Erzincan 3568:242,611 3562:296,663 3559:302,605 3556:374,530 3538:183,511 3526:249,744 3523:254,358 3520:296,576 3496:143,443 3490:197,817 3487:201,385 3484:237,477 3460:261,916 3454:278,871 3451:296,245 3448:851,241 3430:302,335 3424:260,643 3418:562,978 3415:575,622 3412:665,282 3396:107,186 3388:226,051 3382:333,237 3379:338,874 3376:384,676 3346:107,527 3343:109,633 3340:130,511 3322:184,923 3316:123,800 3310:308,723 3307:314,284 3304:360,770 3288:650,347 3280:839,892 3238:160,711 3235:165,187 3232:184,987 3208:110,644 3202:169,077 3199:172,551 3196:198,972 3172:108,471 3166:116,543 3163:121,962 3160:174,195 3136:110,167 3130:115,651 3127:118,652 3124:154,117 3094:121,762 3091:124,512 3088:141,196 3019:105,987 3016:260,951 2986:116,891 2983:121,146 2980:140,105 2962:373,668 2956:348,418 2950:722,086 2947:735,639 2944:859,259 2926:375,665 2920:209,820 2914:585,485 2911:598,062 2908:719,726 2872:122,503 2818:582,714 2812:444,564 2740:118,637 2734:202,159 2731:205,982 2728:233,005 2704:146,102 2698:190,600 2695:194,680 2692:245,874 2668:142,311 2662:148,624 2659:154,668 2656:274,121 2640:141,194 2632:270,258 2626:411,452 2623:421,921 2620:483,583 2596:231,222 2590:287,491 2587:292,354 2584:358,247 2580:Adıyaman 2566:558,136 2560:434,066 2554:992,202 2529:Yes (%) 2466:725,852 1368:Results 1140:and the 932:See also 860:Passport 823:Minister 210:province 151:725,961 7863:Related 7706:General 6391:SETimes 6248:Reuters 5786:Lebanon 5774:Kosovo. 5678:Germany 5656:– The 5646:deputy 5586:Erdoğan 5493:Turkey 5482:74,920 5437:10,918 5412:57,522 5376:55,581 5368:58,304 5340:12,247 5329:10,701 5266:30,188 5254:37,260 5251:37,918 5248:56,409 5244:Tunceli 5208:Trabzon 5124:82,032 5080:33,626 5074:37,749 5071:44,326 5052:47,951 5044:73,262 5008:68,845 5002:72,342 4999:76,648 4980:32,552 4933:12,906 4884:Sakarya 4872:42,408 4764:68,836 4728:53,355 4684:99,403 4609:13,744 4584:10,320 4537:18,656 4488:Malatya 4476:91,961 4452:Kütahya 4429:20,264 4393:16,548 4380:Kocaeli 4368:51,269 4360:71,258 4324:55,542 4296:48,241 4260:20,525 4252:41,411 4246:61,936 4243:63,243 4240:75,649 4213:11,518 4200:Kayseri 4188:83,038 4152:42,247 4144:80,243 4116:45,463 4108:88,019 4092:Karaman 4080:48,203 4072:84,821 4056:Karabük 3997:37,335 3912:Isparta 3900:23,918 3892:28,023 3886:51,941 3883:53,822 3853:10,651 3814:10,512 3811:11,634 3804:Hakkâri 3792:14,286 3784:52,110 3778:66,396 3775:67,596 3772:88,536 3756:87,674 3732:Giresun 3709:15,246 3648:49,015 3624:Erzurum 3612:43,763 3604:77,880 3576:54,052 3532:66,233 3504:54,374 3468:16,955 3457:17,374 3421:12,644 3408:Denizli 3360:25,255 3352:82,272 3336:Çankırı 3277:27,663 3252:76,200 3244:84,511 3216:58,433 3106:61,506 3100:60,256 3084:Bilecik 3064:34,687 3058:40,777 3055:41,432 3052:48,973 3048:Bayburt 3028:94,218 3022:99,500 3000:52,178 2992:64,713 2953:13,553 2917:12,577 2890:47,543 2884:47,164 2878:94,707 2875:96,838 2856:23,325 2848:28,510 2842:51,835 2839:53,635 2836:69,508 2832:Ardahan 2809:19,627 2796:Antalya 2773:36,356 2748:83,522 2712:44,498 2688:Aksaray 2629:10,469 2604:56,269 2557:17,233 2535:No (%) 2408:Choice 2398:Results 1314:: 336, 1103:court. 939:History 550:Cabinet 473:Speaker 428:History 184:73.71% 170:100.00% 143:98.11% 132:42.12% 75:Results 7819:(wife) 7810:Family 7246:Senate 5924:  5906:Sweden 5903:  5882:  5856:  5835:  5808:  5783:  5767:  5748:  5715:  5699:Greece 5696:  5675:  5634:– The 5629:  5610:ahead. 5529:Source 5520:73.71 5517:42.12 5511:57.88 5485:38.47 5471:1,562 5451:49.95 5418:80.66 5415:22.68 5401:3,769 5388:Yozgat 5382:78.21 5379:48.80 5365:2,105 5352:Yalova 5346:43.61 5310:88.36 5299:49.78 5293:5,379 5274:67.22 5263:18.98 5260:7,072 5238:78.87 5235:31.40 5221:7,635 5202:84.92 5199:35.42 5185:5,972 5166:82.02 5155:34.67 5149:7,288 5130:82.71 5127:23.40 5113:5,092 5091:10.92 5088:4,123 5077:6,577 5064:Şırnak 5058:83.18 5055:39.56 5041:3,106 5022:50.88 5016:3,497 5005:4,306 4986:68.43 4969:9,961 4950:82.62 4947:32.84 4920:Samsun 4914:82.48 4911:32.70 4897:9,140 4878:78.59 4875:23.91 4861:2,940 4842:82.85 4839:46.57 4825:4,771 4806:78.66 4803:36.50 4789:8,700 4770:82.13 4767:39.04 4753:4,239 4734:85.26 4731:32.45 4717:3,085 4698:54.09 4692:8,403 4681:4,924 4662:83.04 4651:30.98 4645:9,248 4626:72.85 4615:37.17 4596:Mersin 4573:8,192 4560:Mardin 4554:86.41 4543:49.65 4524:Manisa 4518:82.97 4515:24.80 4501:4,613 4482:89.07 4479:25.25 4465:8,215 4446:84.15 4443:21.86 4410:80.71 4407:39.11 4374:79.96 4371:41.84 4357:2,475 4338:87.43 4327:25.62 4321:3,314 4299:30.76 4285:2,751 4263:33.14 4249:1,307 4230:85.23 4227:26.75 4194:84.98 4191:37.23 4177:5,771 4158:68.55 4155:34.49 4141:3,508 4122:86.38 4119:34.06 4105:3,336 4086:83.73 4083:36.24 4069:3,531 4050:83.78 4047:20.61 4033:7,881 4014:79.55 4003:36.32 3978:73.25 3975:45.14 3942:84.27 3939:42.51 3925:6,061 3906:51.09 3903:46.05 3889:1,881 3870:83.23 3859:47.84 3820:9,910 3817:1,122 3798:76.35 3795:21.52 3781:1,200 3762:79.78 3759:36.51 3745:4,285 3726:72.75 3723:30.15 3690:82.84 3679:45.98 3673:8,294 3654:80.15 3651:13.14 3637:6,962 3618:85.62 3615:35.98 3601:1,515 3579:18.22 3565:5,942 3552:Elazığ 3546:85.76 3535:26.52 3529:4,614 3516:Edirne 3507:27.49 3493:3,568 3438:86.52 3427:46.30 3402:88.09 3399:32.17 3385:5,637 3363:23.49 3349:2,106 3330:87.11 3319:40.10 3313:5,561 3294:82.32 3291:43.64 3255:47.41 3241:4,476 3228:Burdur 3222:86.72 3219:34.56 3205:3,474 3186:70.01 3180:8,072 3169:5,419 3156:Bitlis 3150:76.99 3144:5,484 3133:3,001 3120:Bingöl 3114:88.18 3103:49.49 3097:2,750 3075:14.93 3072:6,090 3042:40.62 3036:5,282 3025:6,487 3012:Batman 3006:86.47 3003:44.64 2989:4,255 2976:Bartın 2970:85.61 2959:48.25 2923:35.84 2898:79.05 2887:49.80 2881:2,131 2868:Artvin 2862:77.16 2859:45.00 2845:1,800 2826:77.27 2815:43.28 2790:79.87 2787:45.93 2760:Ankara 2751:41.32 2737:3,823 2724:Amasya 2718:79.18 2715:23.35 2701:4,080 2682:56.42 2676:6,313 2665:6,044 2646:87.25 2643:34.32 2610:81.61 2607:19.57 2593:4,863 2574:72.82 2563:43.75 2497:73.71 2485:100.00 2458:98.11 2447:42.12 2411:Votes 1394:Other 1382:Other 1359:Issue 1330:: 12, 1326:: 20, 1322:: 69, 1318:: 97, 1159:Source 224:Turkey 154:1.89% 113:57.88% 89:Votes 85:Choice 7831:(son) 7825:(son) 7783:Works 7665:Local 6193:(PDF) 6186:(PDF) 5986:(PDF) 5885:Syria 5859:Spain 5751:Italy 5488:7.68 5478:61.53 5454:83.6 5444:50.05 5408:77.32 5372:51.20 5343:5.55 5336:94.45 5306:50.22 5270:81.02 5228:68.60 5192:64.58 5172:Tokat 5162:65.33 5120:76.60 5100:Sivas 5094:22.5 5084:89.08 5048:60.44 5028:Sinop 5019:4.83 5012:95.17 4992:Siirt 4983:5.85 4976:94.15 4940:67.16 4904:67.30 4868:76.09 4832:53.43 4796:63.50 4760:60.96 4740:Niğde 4724:67.55 4695:7.79 4688:92.21 4658:69.02 4632:Muğla 4622:62.83 4590:43.0 4587:6.55 4580:93.45 4550:50.35 4508:75.20 4472:74.75 4436:78.14 4416:Konya 4400:60.89 4364:58.16 4334:74.38 4302:81.7 4292:69.24 4266:83.6 4256:66.86 4236:Kilis 4220:73.25 4184:62.77 4148:65.51 4112:65.94 4076:63.76 4040:79.39 4010:63.68 3984:İzmir 3968:54.86 3932:57.49 3896:53.95 3876:Iğdır 3866:52.16 3840:Hatay 3834:9.05 3831:5.73 3824:94.27 3788:78.48 3752:63.49 3716:69.85 3686:54.02 3644:86.86 3608:64.02 3582:80.8 3572:81.78 3542:73.48 3510:84.8 3500:72.51 3480:Düzce 3474:34.8 3471:6.08 3464:93.92 3434:53.70 3392:67.83 3372:Çorum 3366:84.0 3356:76.51 3326:59.90 3284:56.36 3264:Bursa 3258:89.3 3248:52.59 3212:65.44 3183:6.93 3176:93.07 3147:4.74 3140:95.26 3110:50.51 3078:84.6 3068:85.07 3039:5.31 3032:94.69 2996:55.36 2966:51.75 2934:83.1 2930:64.16 2904:Aydın 2894:50.20 2852:55.00 2822:56.72 2780:54.07 2754:88.4 2744:58.68 2708:76.65 2679:4.25 2672:95.75 2636:65.68 2600:80.43 2570:56.25 2544:Adana 2469:1.89 2435:57.88 2387:Polls 1338:: 1, 1334:: 6, 1175:(PDF) 1168:(PDF) 740:Local 7763:2023 7751:2018 7739:2014 7723:2011 7718:2007 7713:2002 7697:2024 7692:2019 7687:2014 7682:2009 7677:2004 7672:2003 7656:1994 7579:61st 7574:60th 7569:59th 7490:67th 7485:66th 7425:and 7423:23rd 7411:25th 7400:12th 7336:2017 7331:2010 7326:2007 7321:1988 7316:1987 7311:1982 7306:1961 7290:1979 7285:1977 7280:1975 7275:1973 7270:1968 7265:1966 7260:1964 7255:1961 7236:2024 7231:2019 7226:2014 7221:2009 7216:2004 7211:1999 7206:1994 7201:1989 7196:1984 7191:1977 7186:1973 7181:1968 7176:1963 7171:1955 7166:1950 7161:1946 7156:1942 7151:1938 7146:1934 7141:1930 7122:Next 7116:2023 7111:2018 7096:2011 7091:2007 7086:2002 7081:1999 7076:1995 7071:1991 7066:1987 7061:1983 7056:1977 7051:1973 7046:1969 7041:1965 7036:1961 7031:1957 7026:1954 7021:1950 7016:1946 7011:1943 7006:1939 7001:1935 6996:1931 6991:1927 6986:1923 6967:2028 6961:2023 6956:2018 6951:2014 6932:and 6862:2010 6840:2010 6814:2010 6792:2010 6770:2010 6744:2010 6718:2010 6692:2010 6666:2010 6644:2010 6618:2010 6592:2010 6566:2010 6541:2010 6516:2010 6494:2010 6468:2010 6374:2010 6288:2010 6257:2010 6222:help 6201:2010 6163:2010 6135:2010 6081:2010 6033:2010 5946:The 5718:Iran 5547:2010 5280:Uşak 5257:658 4848:Rize 4776:Ordu 4128:Kars 3828:602 3192:Bolu 3061:655 2652:Ağrı 2526:Yes 2344:334 2341:409 2332:336 2329:409 2302:337 2299:408 2290:335 2287:407 2260:336 2257:407 2248:338 2245:408 2218:336 2215:408 2206:338 2203:408 2176:337 2173:408 2164:337 2161:407 2134:337 2131:408 2122:335 2119:406 2092:337 2089:410 2080:331 2077:407 2050:336 2047:410 2038:337 2035:407 2008:338 2005:409 1996:335 1993:407 1966:339 1963:408 1954:336 1951:408 1924:339 1921:409 1912:338 1909:408 1882:338 1879:409 1870:336 1867:408 1840:336 1837:408 1828:338 1825:409 1798:335 1795:409 1786:335 1783:408 1756:340 1753:409 1744:334 1741:406 1714:327 1711:410 1702:337 1699:414 1672:337 1669:409 1660:335 1657:408 1630:338 1627:409 1618:336 1615:408 1588:335 1585:409 1576:333 1573:405 1546:338 1543:408 1534:336 1531:408 1504:335 1501:407 1492:337 1489:408 1462:334 1459:408 1450:337 1447:405 1420:332 1417:408 1408:336 1405:407 1388:Yes 1376:Yes 1284:159) 1274:149) 1266:147) 1204:help 1183:2010 1118:The 831:list 786:2017 781:2010 776:2007 758:2024 753:2019 748:2014 730:2023 725:2018 720:2014 702:2023 697:2018 692:2015 554:list 525:list 362:2017 357:2010 352:2007 347:1988 342:1987 337:1982 332:1961 314:1982 309:1961 304:1924 299:1921 282:1876 5316:Van 4668:Muş 2532:No 2441:No 2425:Yes 2373:CHP 2347:73 2335:72 2305:71 2293:70 2263:71 2251:70 2221:71 2209:70 2179:70 2167:69 2137:71 2125:70 2095:69 2083:72 2053:72 2041:70 2011:70 1999:71 1969:69 1957:71 1927:70 1915:70 1885:69 1873:70 1843:70 1831:70 1801:73 1789:70 1759:69 1747:70 1717:76 1705:72 1675:71 1663:69 1633:71 1621:70 1591:70 1579:70 1549:69 1537:69 1507:71 1495:71 1465:72 1453:68 1423:75 1411:70 1391:No 1379:No 1332:DSP 1324:BDP 1320:MHP 1316:CHP 1312:AKP 1236:74) 1229:53) 1225:41) 1218:20) 1214:10) 103:Yes 7965:: 6830:. 6549:^ 6524:^ 6421:, 6405:, 6389:, 6360:. 6342:, 6326:, 6303:, 6274:. 6245:. 6230:^ 6213:: 6211:}} 6207:{{ 6171:^ 6151:. 6121:. 6104:^ 6069:. 6056:^ 6041:^ 6013:^ 5994:^ 5964:. 5908:– 5887:– 5861:– 5840:– 5727:, 5680:– 5638:, 5531:: 2414:% 2350:2 2338:1 2308:0 2296:2 2266:0 2254:0 2224:1 2212:0 2182:1 2170:1 2140:0 2128:1 2098:4 2086:4 2056:2 2044:0 2014:1 2002:1 1972:0 1960:1 1930:0 1918:0 1888:2 1876:2 1846:2 1834:1 1804:1 1792:3 1762:0 1750:2 1720:7 1708:5 1678:1 1666:4 1636:0 1624:2 1594:4 1582:2 1552:1 1540:3 1510:1 1498:0 1468:2 1456:0 1426:1 1414:1 1340:TP 1336:DP 1195:: 1193:}} 1189:{{ 1161:: 1133:. 825:: 556:) 527:) 475:: 125:No 92:% 7380:e 7373:t 7366:v 6915:e 6908:t 6901:v 6864:. 6842:. 6816:. 6794:. 6772:. 6746:. 6720:. 6694:. 6668:. 6646:. 6620:. 6594:. 6568:. 6543:. 6518:. 6496:. 6470:. 6376:. 6290:. 6259:. 6224:) 6220:( 6203:. 6165:. 6137:. 6083:. 6035:. 5873:. 5826:. 5549:. 2359:Y 2317:Y 2275:Y 2233:Y 2191:Y 2149:Y 2107:Y 2065:Y 2023:Y 1981:Y 1939:Y 1897:Y 1855:Y 1813:Y 1771:Y 1729:N 1687:Y 1645:Y 1603:Y 1561:Y 1519:Y 1477:Y 1435:Y 1206:) 1202:( 1185:. 1004:e 997:t 990:v 833:) 829:( 552:( 523:( 69:.

Index

constitution

province
Constitutional history of
Turkey


Old Darülfünun building
Charter of Alliance
Edict of Gülhane
Edict of 1856
1876
First Constitutional Era
Second Constitutional Era
1921
1924
1961
1982
1961
1982
1987
1988
2007
2010
2017
Constitutional Court
constitution
Politics of Turkey

Constitution
History
Secularism

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