413:
that although the
Constitution did not impose a timeframe within which a by-election had to be held, it was not the intent that this should allow elections to be postponed indefinitely. The fact that the Constitution is silent on exactly when by-elections should be called should not be taken as permission not to call them at all. "In short," he wrote, "the 'default' position should be that a by-election should be automatic, although there is no hard and fast rule on the timing." Tan also opined that the Workers' Party should field as its candidate in the by-election someone not already in Parliament, rather than a Non-constituency MP.
332:, she said that Yaw has been accused of several indiscretions in his private life while being asked many times to come forward and explain himself to the party but he did not do so, resulting in him committing a party misconduct and lost faith, trust and expectations of the party and the residents of the Hougang SMC. The announcement came after weeks of speculation and rumours that Yaw had an alleged extramarital affair with a fellow party member. Within 30 minutes of 20:37, news reports detailed the mixed reactions among Hougang residents to Yaw Shin Leong's expulsion,
105:
1552:
27:
190:
182:
77:
112:
424:
Other WP MPs had been covering Yaw's former duties in
Hougang SMC. Mr Tan argued that this state of affairs should not continue for the projected remaining term of the current Parliament of four and a half years. "[...] the cardinal principle of representation is crucial: A stand-in MP is not
412:
School of Law, discussed how the
Parliamentary Elections Act applied to the situation. Tan stated that although it was the President who issued the writ for election, it was the Prime Minister who advised on the matter, and that it was thus Lee who effectively controlled the election date. Tan argued
352:
Whenever the seat of a Member, not being a non-constituency Member, has become vacant for any reason other than a dissolution of
Parliament, the vacancy shall be filled by election in the manner provided by or under any law relating to Parliamentary elections for the time being in force.
474:
Two other potential candidates had originally also signalled their intent to run, having collected their political donation certificates, a prerequisite for contesting. They were Poh Lee Guan, a WP member who eventually dropped out by not submitting his nomination papers; and
479:, an independent candidate who filed his nomination papers but was disqualified for having a public offence on police record. In July 2012, Poh was expelled by WP for his actions, as he had not consulted the party council prior to collecting the certificates.
1460:
363:
On 17 February 2012, the Clerk of the
Parliament gave Yaw ten days to reply to the expulsion, but two days later, he wrote a letter that he chose not to appeal against the party's decision; the
287:
The seat of a Member of
Parliament shall become vacant — [...] if he ceases to be a member of, or is expelled or resigns from, the political party for which he stood in the election;
421:, stated that it was his party's "primary concern that Hougang remains in the hands of the opposition", declaring that it would therefore not field a candidate that would split the vote.
1397:
313:, an MP's Parliamentary seat falls vacant if the MP is expelled from the party under whose banner he or she stood for election. The last MP to have been expelled from his party was
1934:
425:
the same as an MP for whom the majority had voted. Not calling a by-election would undermine the importance of representation in our maturing parliamentary democracy", he wrote.
990:
1929:
1540:
1012:
1443:
1097:
1518:
1080:
1939:
1814:
507:
468:
1495:
1372:
1249:
1224:
1199:
781:
463:
would be their candidate. This is the second time Choo is contesting in the
Hougang ward. Later, at about 4 pm, the WP announced in a press conference that
1320:
1303:
1276:
714:
1467:
1347:
1054:
1124:
1160:
1980:
1964:
1798:
1792:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1770:
364:
1424:
1149:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1407:
258:
and his extramarital affairs. This was the 16th by-election since the first election, and the first by-election after over 19 years since
1762:
1533:
2020:
302:
982:
1674:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
503:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
2025:
2010:
409:
328:
At a media conference on 15 February 2012, the
Workers' Party announced the expulsion of Yaw. According to the party chairman
1737:
1564:
1526:
448:
259:
41:
697:
592:
563:
306:
231:
216:
139:
1747:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1697:
1692:
541:
511:
499:
398:
270:
255:
51:
1107:
1020:
1752:
1435:
1682:
367:
333:
2015:
1088:
418:
318:
1702:
1503:
1380:
1355:
1241:
1216:
1191:
1062:
789:
310:
1330:
1293:
1266:
1687:
441:
401:
and whether or not the expulsion of Yaw was an "abuse of the democratic system" to save the party's integrity.
619:
529:
515:
340:
144:
322:
1732:
1556:
434:
1167:
1402:
533:
1132:
566:
where WP's Png retained
Hougang SMC with 62.08% of the valid votes, beating PAP's Choo with 37.92%.
440:
issued a writ of election for the electoral division of
Hougang. Nominations were held on 16 May at
309:(WP). This caused Yaw to lose his responsibility as the WP treasurer. Under Article 46(2)(b) of the
447:
With the confirmation, Singapore was set to experience a by-election in nearly 20 years since the
648:
250:
was held on 26 May 2012. The by-election was to replace the vacant seat after the incumbent MP,
1420:
1182:
1145:
556:
437:
393:
262:. This was the first by-election in Singapore since the new millennium and the 21st century.
378:
336:
718:
537:
414:
314:
298:
251:
212:
104:
1013:"Hougang by-election: Straight fight between WP's Png Eng Huat and PAP's Desmond Choo"
339:'s comment that there is no fixed time within which a by-election must be called, and
2004:
1325:
1298:
1271:
682:
387:
344:
624:
599:
523:
493:
464:
460:
382:
374:
266:
227:
129:
123:
476:
274:
246:
559:
405:
329:
1551:
273:
winning 62.08% of the vote. Png was declared Member of Parliament-elect for
385:
and government press secretary Foo Kok Jwee in the letters columns of the
370:, then announced the vacancy of the seat as of the date of the expulsion.
111:
451:
thereby setting a record for the longest interval between by-elections.
321:
in 1993, but reinstated in December the same year after a ruling by the
1102:
536:
in the single-member constituency of Hougang, where he was defeated by
373:
In the days following the announcement, a war of words ensued between
983:"Workers' Party fields Png Eng Huat as Hougang by-election candidate"
1217:"Yaw Shin Leong's exit from WP leadership fuels further questions"
1522:
1496:"No fixed time within which by-election must be called: PM Lee"
1267:"Yaw not appealing against expulsion; Hougang seat now vacant"
459:
On 10 May 2012, the PAP announced in a press conference that
1346:
Saad, Imelda; Chan, Joanne; See, Sharon (15 February 2012).
1125:"Yaw not appealing expulsion, Hougang seat declared vacant"
1081:"Constitution of the Republic of Singapore (1999 revised)"
735:
733:
1294:"Comparison to Marine Parade by-election 'inappropriate'"
847:
845:
843:
467:
would be the candidate; Png previously contested for the
347:'s quote that Hougang voters have been misled by the WP.
782:"Yaw Shin Leong's Parliament seat to be decided Feb 24"
397:
over the degree to which the situation compared to the
1140:
Leifer, Michael (1995). "Singapore Democratic Party".
1190:
Mohandas, Vimita; Hoe, Yeen Nie (15 February 2012).
1142:
Dictionary of the modern politics of South-East Asia
957:
717:- a 2013 court case relating to the by-election and
297:
This by-election was the result of the expulsion of
1973:
1807:
1761:
1673:
1563:
1321:"Workers' Party expels veteran member Poh Lee Guan"
1161:"Expulsion of Yaw Shin Leong from Party Membership"
1087:. Attorney-General's Chambers. 1999. Archived from
876:
874:
872:
70:
62:
941:
939:
937:
1466:. Elections Department, Singapore. Archived from
1436:"PAP confirms Desmond Choo as Hougang Candidate"
1373:"Yaw Shin Leong not appealing against expulsion"
203:
1192:"Mixed reactions to Yaw Shin Leong's expulsion"
350:
285:
776:
774:
772:
1534:
8:
739:
555:At 10.30pm (SGT), results were announced by
514:was defeated by the team from the governing
508:East Coast Group Representation Constituency
469:East Coast Group Representation Constituency
18:
1242:"Yaw Shin Leong resigns from WP leadership"
1055:"Poh Lee Guan expelled from Workers' Party"
969:
863:
851:
715:Vellama d/o Marie Muthu v. Attorney-General
292:Constitution of Singapore, Article 46(2)(b)
1541:
1527:
1519:
568:
110:
103:
17:
1398:"The value of a by-election in Singapore"
311:Constitution of the Republic of Singapore
763:
481:
729:
1557:Elections and referendums in Singapore
1396:Tan, Eugene K. B. (20 February 2012).
1348:"Workers' Party expels Yaw Shin Leong"
822:
574:
358:Constitution of Singapore, Article 49
7:
1041:
928:
916:
904:
880:
408:, assistant professor of law at the
1215:Musfirah, Hetty (8 February 2012).
945:
892:
834:
810:
444:and polls are conducted on 26 May.
87:
993:from the original on 13 April 2016
788:. 17 February 2012. Archived from
751:
570:Hougang by-election 2012: Hougang
303:Hougang Single Member Constituency
14:
1494:Chan, Joanne (15 February 2012).
1446:from the original on 20 June 2012
1371:Saad, Imelda (22 February 2012).
1292:Ong, Andrea (23 February 2012b).
1279:from the original on 26 June 2012
1265:Ong, Andrea (22 February 2012a).
1252:from the original on 15 July 2012
1227:from the original on 15 July 2012
1202:from the original on 15 July 2012
1096:Chan, Rachel (23 February 2012).
506:, he stood as a candidate in the
1550:
1306:from the original on 30 May 2012
1159:Lim, Sylvia (15 February 2012).
1123:Lee, Carine (22 February 2012).
615:
587:
301:, Member of Parliament (MP) for
189:
188:
181:
180:
76:
75:
25:
1098:"Yaw: I won't appeal expulsion"
471:in the 2011 general elections.
410:Singapore Management University
1061:. 19 July 2012. Archived from
449:1992 Marine Parade by-election
1:
1459:Elections Department (2012).
1319:Ong, Andrea (19 July 2012c).
1240:Ng, Julia (7 February 2012).
1019:. 16 May 2012. Archived from
265:The result was a victory for
1442:. Singapore Press Holdings.
1434:Teo Wan Gek (10 May 2012).
1419:(2nd ed.). NUS Press.
564:Holy Innocents' High School
429:Confirmation of by-election
417:, Secretary-General of the
307:Workers' Party of Singapore
2042:
1417:The Singapore legal system
1085:Singapore Statutes On-Line
419:Singapore Democratic Party
319:Singapore Democratic Party
317:, who was ousted from the
2021:By-elections in Singapore
1989:
958:Elections Department 2012
852:Saad, Chan & See 2012
696:
681:
670:
659:
647:
636:
583:
580:
577:
201:
84:
35:
23:
1144:. Taylor & Francis.
442:Serangoon Junior College
399:last by-election in 1992
19:2012 Hougang by-election
2026:May 2012 events in Asia
864:Mohandas & Hoe 2012
2011:2012 elections in Asia
1763:Presidential elections
355:
289:
254:was expelled from the
1403:The Malaysian Insider
534:2011 general election
530:People's Action Party
516:People's Action Party
504:2011 general election
341:People's Action Party
1415:Tan, Kevin (1999).
1410:on 11 October 2012.
1173:on 27 February 2012
1065:on 19 January 2013.
649:Registered electors
571:
20:
1473:on 30 October 2013
1461:"WRIT OF ELECTION"
1129:The Business Times
569:
208:MP before election
151:Popular vote
2016:2012 in Singapore
1996:
1995:
1565:General elections
1440:The Straits Times
1426:978-9971-69-213-1
1183:The Straits Times
1151:978-0-415-04219-2
1017:sg.news.yahoo.com
987:sg.news.yahoo.com
740:CONSTITUTION 1999
706:
705:
671:Rejected ballots
557:Returning Officer
548:
547:
438:Tony Tan Keng Yam
394:The Straits Times
242:
241:
238:
237:
197:
196:
58:
57:
2033:
1555:
1554:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1520:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1506:on 29 April 2017
1502:. Archived from
1500:Channel NewsAsia
1482:
1480:
1478:
1472:
1465:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1430:
1411:
1406:. Archived from
1392:
1390:
1388:
1379:. Archived from
1377:Channel NewsAsia
1367:
1365:
1363:
1354:. Archived from
1352:Channel NewsAsia
1342:
1340:
1338:
1329:. Archived from
1315:
1313:
1311:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1246:Channel NewsAsia
1236:
1234:
1232:
1221:Channel NewsAsia
1211:
1209:
1207:
1196:Channel NewsAsia
1186:
1180:
1178:
1172:
1166:. Archived from
1165:
1155:
1136:
1135:on 10 July 2021.
1131:. Archived from
1119:
1117:
1115:
1106:. Archived from
1092:
1091:on 18 July 2011.
1067:
1066:
1059:Channel NewsAsia
1051:
1045:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1023:on 13 April 2016
1009:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
979:
973:
970:Teo Wan Gek 2012
967:
961:
955:
949:
943:
932:
926:
920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
884:
878:
867:
861:
855:
849:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
801:
799:
797:
792:on 30 April 2012
786:Channel NewsAsia
778:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
572:
528:A member of the
498:A member of the
482:
359:
293:
204:
192:
191:
184:
183:
114:
107:
86:
85:
79:
78:
74:21,978 (94.05%)
37:
36:
30:
29:
28:
21:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1992:
1985:
1969:
1808:Local elections
1803:
1757:
1669:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1509:
1507:
1493:
1490:
1488:Further reading
1485:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1449:
1447:
1433:
1427:
1414:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1383:on 17 June 2012
1370:
1361:
1359:
1358:on 22 July 2012
1345:
1336:
1334:
1333:on 19 July 2012
1318:
1309:
1307:
1291:
1282:
1280:
1264:
1255:
1253:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1214:
1205:
1203:
1189:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1139:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1110:on 6 March 2016
1095:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1011:
1010:
1006:
996:
994:
989:. 10 May 2012.
981:
980:
976:
968:
964:
956:
952:
944:
935:
927:
923:
915:
911:
903:
899:
891:
887:
879:
870:
862:
858:
850:
841:
833:
829:
821:
817:
809:
805:
795:
793:
780:
779:
770:
762:
758:
750:
746:
738:
731:
727:
711:
553:
457:
433:On 9 May 2012,
431:
379:Low Thia Khiang
361:
357:
337:Lee Hsien Loong
295:
291:
283:
230:
225:
215:
210:
202:
31:
26:
24:
12:
11:
5:
2039:
2037:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2003:
2002:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1548:
1546:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1483:
1456:
1431:
1425:
1412:
1393:
1368:
1343:
1316:
1289:
1262:
1237:
1212:
1187:
1156:
1150:
1137:
1120:
1093:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1046:
1034:
1004:
974:
962:
950:
933:
921:
909:
897:
885:
868:
856:
839:
837:, p. 115.
827:
825:, p. 150.
815:
803:
768:
756:
744:
728:
726:
723:
722:
721:
719:Casual vacancy
710:
707:
704:
703:
695:
692:
691:
688:
685:
679:
678:
675:
672:
668:
667:
664:
661:
660:Valid ballots
657:
656:
654:
651:
645:
644:
641:
638:
634:
633:
630:
627:
622:
617:
614:
613:
608:
603:
596:
589:
586:
585:
582:
579:
576:
552:
549:
546:
545:
542:Worker's Party
538:Yaw Shin Leong
526:
520:
519:
512:Worker's Party
500:Worker's Party
496:
490:
489:
486:
456:
453:
430:
427:
415:Chee Soon Juan
368:Michael Palmer
349:
334:Prime Minister
315:Chiam See Tong
299:Yaw Shin Leong
284:
282:
279:
256:Worker's Party
252:Yaw Shin Leong
240:
239:
236:
235:
220:
213:Yaw Shin Leong
199:
198:
195:
194:
186:
178:
174:
173:
170:
165:
161:
160:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
120:
116:
115:
108:
101:
97:
96:
93:
90:
82:
81:
72:
68:
67:
64:
60:
59:
56:
55:
49:
44:
33:
32:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2038:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2006:
1999:
1991:‡ uncontested
1988:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
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40:←
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1998:
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1675:By-elections
1663:
1508:. Retrieved
1504:the original
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610:
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600:Png Eng Huat
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554:
524:Desmond Choo
494:Png Eng Huat
473:
465:Png Eng Huat
461:Desmond Choo
458:
446:
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404:Commentator
403:
392:
386:
383:Ho Kah Leong
381:, former MP
375:Aljunied GRC
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296:
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267:Png Eng Huat
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130:Desmond Choo
124:Png Eng Huat
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92:First party
46:
15:
1974:Referendums
1510:16 February
1387:22 February
1362:16 February
1310:24 February
1283:22 February
1256:16 February
1231:16 February
1206:16 February
1114:24 February
823:Leifer 1995
796:22 February
488:Background
485:Candidates
477:Zeng Guoyan
305:, from the
275:Hougang SMC
247:by-election
164:Percentage
47:26 May 2012
2005:Categories
1935:1949 (Dec)
1930:1949 (Apr)
1073:References
578:Candidate
560:Yam Ah Mee
455:Candidates
406:Eugene Tan
330:Sylvia Lim
323:High Court
281:Background
223:Elected MP
119:Candidate
63:Registered
1042:Ong 2012c
929:Ong 2012b
917:Ong 2012a
905:Saad 2012
881:Chan 2012
725:Footnotes
637:Majority
532:. At the
502:. At the
435:President
343:Chairman
269:from the
1444:Archived
1304:Archived
1277:Archived
1250:Archived
1225:Archived
1200:Archived
991:Archived
946:Tan 2012
893:Lim 2012
835:Tan 1999
811:Lee 2012
709:See also
1337:18 July
1177:21 July
1103:AsiaOne
752:Ng 2012
687:21,978
683:Turnout
663:21,683
653:23,368
606:13,460
551:Results
540:of the
365:Speaker
100:
89:
71:Turnout
1450:10 May
1423:
1148:
1027:1 July
997:1 July
690:94.05
666:98.66
643:24.15
640:5,237
632:37.92
629:8,223
611:62.08
581:Votes
575:Party
510:. The
193:2.72%
185:2.72%
177:Swing
172:37.92
159:8,223
155:13,460
136:Party
66:23,368
1477:9 May
1471:(PDF)
1464:(PDF)
1171:(PDF)
1164:(PDF)
677:1.34
168:62.08
80:0.31%
1981:1962
1965:1958
1960:1957
1955:1953
1950:1952
1945:1951
1940:1950
1925:1911
1920:1910
1915:1909
1910:1908
1905:1907
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1788:2011
1782:2005
1776:1999
1771:1993
1753:2016
1748:2013
1743:2012
1738:1992
1733:1981
1728:1979
1723:1977
1718:1970
1713:1967
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1698:1961
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1688:1952
1683:1948
1664:Next
1658:2020
1653:2015
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1633:1997
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1618:1984
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1608:1976
1603:1972
1598:1968
1593:1963
1588:1959
1583:1955
1578:1951
1573:1948
1512:2012
1479:2012
1452:2012
1421:ISBN
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1364:2012
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1233:2012
1208:2012
1179:2015
1146:ISBN
1116:2012
1029:2021
999:2021
798:2012
701:hold
674:295
391:and
260:1992
244:The
52:2013
42:1992
620:PAP
562:at
377:MP
145:PAP
2007::
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771:^
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698:WP
593:WP
584:%
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271:WP
232:WP
217:WP
140:WP
1795:‡
1784:‡
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