318:(CG). Although much of the supplies and baggage was destroyed in the post-crash fire, the NTSB was able to determine the contents based on the manifest, and it found that the supplies actually weighed approximately 720 lb (330 kg), about 2.4 times what the operator estimated. The operator did not keep detailed fueling records, but a witness saw the pilot fill the forward fuel tank and begin filling the center tank before the flight. Although the cargo was far heavier than estimated and the forward and center fuel tanks were either full or mostly full, the aircraft carried no passengers during its initial
294:. The NTSB found that a passenger had recorded the takeoff with the camera of his mobile phone. Due to the absence of any other recorded data, the NTSB decided to reconstruct the trajectory and speed of the airplane based on the recorded video. The analysis was challenging, since the camera was hand-held. By applying image analysis and 3D computer simulation, the NTSB was able to first estimate the time-varying orientation of the camera and then the location and orientation of the airplane. The NTSB report found: "The analysis revealed that shortly after takeoff, flight speed started decreasing rapidly and
29:
279:. The victims' ages ranged from 11 to 74. The aircraft impacted the ground 2,320 ft (710 m) from the threshold of the departure runway, about 154 ft (47 m) to the right of the extended runway centerline, in a nose-low, right-wing-low attitude. An intense post-crash fire consumed most of the aircraft's cockpit and cabin, destroying an unknown quantity of cargo and baggage.
999:
330:
additional baggage loaded at
Soldotna, and the weight of baggage recovered after the crash. Although the location of the cargo and baggage within the aircraft could not be precisely determined due to damage, the NTSB concluded that the aircraft was approximately 21 lb (9.5 kg) overweight on takeoff, with its CG at least 5.5 in (14 cm) aft of the limit in the aircraft's
987:
334:. Based on the kinematic study conducted using the video evidence, the CG may have been a full 9 in (23 cm) aft of the limit. The NTSB concluded that this condition would have caused the aircraft to pitch up on takeoff and enter an unrecoverable stall even if the pilot immediately applied full nose-down
313:
Before flying from
Nikiski to Soldotna to pick up the passengers, the aircraft had been loaded with what the operator estimated to be 300 lb (140 kg) of food and other supplies for the stay at the fishing lodge, along with 80 lb (36 kg) of baggage. However, no attempt was made to
309:
The aircraft's engine and flight controls were recovered from the scene of the crash; they did not show signs of mechanical problems nor any damage attributable to causes other than the crash itself. The nature of the propeller and engine damage was consistent with an engine that was rotating and
329:
The NTSB evaluated several scenarios for the aircraft's estimated takeoff weight from
Soldotna, based on the probable amount of fuel left in the tanks after the flight from Nikiski, the weight of the pilot, the reported and autopsied post-crash weights of the passengers, the reported weight of
343:"The operator's failure to determine the actual cargo weight, leading to the loading and operation of the airplane outside of the weight and center of gravity limits contained in the airplane flight manual, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall."
1029:
338:. This was exacerbated by taking off with the flaps fully extended, but the NTSB concluded that the "CG was so far aft of the limit that the airplane likely would have stalled even with the flaps in the correct position."
1024:
644:
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217:
Air
Division on 25 February 1959 with Canadian registration C-FMPX. From 1979 to 2010 it operated commercially for various companies across Canada. The aircraft was fitted with
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236:(STOL) kit; a pulse light control system; and extended-range fuel tanks. Later that same year, the aircraft was sold and re-registered in the United States as N93PC.
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221:(STC) kits to add an enlarged baggage compartment, a strengthened cargo net, and shoulder harnesses. In 2010, it was sent to Recon Air Corporation in
1039:
345:
A contributing factor was the operator's failure to require weight and balance documentation for each flight in accordance with FAA regulations.
798:
513:
868:
578:
269:
938:
423:
357:– another fatal crash of a small charter aircraft attributed to an unrecoverable stall caused by an excessively aft center of gravity
298:
started increasing rapidly. Approximately 11 seconds after takeoff, flight speed and angle of attack reached levels corresponding to
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218:
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201:, Alaska. The sole crewmember and all nine passengers on board were killed. The crash was attributed to improper loading.
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256:(FAA) and local law enforcement officials, the aircraft "struck the runway and burned" shortly after takeoff from
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in the full-down or landing position, contrary to the recommendation in the aircraft's flight manual.
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248:, on a commercial charter flight to Bear Mountain Lodge, about 90 mi (140 km) southwest of
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and CG had been within acceptable limits at this point; this flight was accordingly uneventful.
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In addition to the pilot, the crash killed nine people from two families visiting Alaska from
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73:
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295:
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There were no eyewitnesses to the accident. The incident aircraft was not equipped with a
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232:
engine under a Texas
Turbine Conversions, Inc. STC, along with three other STCs: a Baron
1013:
1003:
194:
190:
244:
At the time of the accident, the aircraft was being operated by
Rediske Air of
229:
403:(Report). National Transportation Safety Board. 20 April 2021. DCA13MA121
249:
77:
509:
136:
1030:
Accidents and incidents involving the de
Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter
506:"Passengers Killed in Soldotna Plane Crash Were from South Carolina"
424:"Father of victim: Family killed in crash was vacationing in Alaska"
282:
The weather was reported to be cloudy at the time of the accident.
626:
571:"Few new details emerge in Soldotna plane crash investigation"
450:
1025:
Aviation accidents and incidents in the United States in 2013
302:." The video showed that the aircraft had taken off with its
213:
with serial number 280 which was originally delivered to the
272:(NTSB) was called in to investigate the cause of the crash.
540:"NTSB arrives to investigate deadly Alaska plane crash"
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weigh the supplies, nor to calculate the aircraft's
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167:
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143:
127:
117:
107:
99:
89:
84:
69:
58:
43:
38:
33:N93PC, the aircraft involved in the crash, in 2011
426:. Minneapolis, MN: StarTribune. Associated Press
533:
531:
638:
8:
21:
1035:Aviation accidents and incidents in Alaska
645:
631:
623:
27:
20:
16:Air taxi crash at Soldotna Airport, Alaska
445:Lenz, Cristy; Marsh, Rene (8 July 2013).
759:HelicĂłpteros del PacĂfico Mil Mi-8 crash
395:
393:
391:
982:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
373:
371:
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268:), killing all 10 people on board. The
799:Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 6517
1045:July 2013 events in the United States
7:
729:Compagnie Africaine d'Aviation crash
341:The NTSB attributed the accident to
270:National Transportation Safety Board
65:and crash caused by improper loading
473:"10 killed in Soldotna plane crash"
447:"10 killed in Alaska air taxi fire"
939:LAM Mozambique Airlines Flight 470
322:, and the NTSB concluded that its
252:. According to the United States'
14:
997:
985:
739:Alaska Central Express Flight 51
655:Aviation accidents and incidents
185:On 7 July 2013, a single-engine
1040:Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska
869:Ethiopian Air Force An-12 crash
602:NTSB Video Study on N93PC crash
504:Torquiano, Neil (8 July 2013).
471:Hardan, Sara J. (7 July 2013).
254:Federal Aviation Administration
211:de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter
187:de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter
94:de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter
899:Associated Aviation Flight 361
819:Evo Morales grounding incident
679:Transaereo 5074 Islander crash
401:Aviation Accident Final Report
1:
919:Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363
859:Southwest Airlines Flight 345
849:Rediske Air DHC-3 Otter crash
569:Anderson, Ben (9 July 2013).
538:Anderson, Ben (8 July 2013).
422:D'oro, Rachel (9 July 2013).
219:supplemental type certificate
215:Royal Canadian Mounted Police
779:National Airlines Flight 102
209:The aircraft involved was a
22:2013 Rediske Air Otter crash
809:Eberswalde-Finow Zlin crash
719:Luxor hot air balloon crash
355:2016 Sunbird Aviation crash
310:producing power on impact.
1061:
839:Asiana Airlines Flight 214
829:Polar Airlines Flight 9949
709:South Airlines Flight 8971
277:Greenville, South Carolina
958:
929:Florida Learjet 35A crash
789:Nepal Airlines Flight 555
689:Vauxhall helicopter crash
670:
260:, before 11:20 a.m.
234:short takeoff and landing
197:, crashed on take-off at
26:
949:Glasgow helicopter crash
879:UPS Airlines Flight 1354
699:SCAT Airlines Flight 760
909:Lao Airlines Flight 301
749:Berlin helicopter crash
889:CHC Scotia Flight 23R
131:Bear Mountain Lodge,
47:7 July 2013
292:flight data recorder
225:, and fitted with a
967:► 2014
961:2012 ◄
769:Lion Air Flight 904
23:
964:
550:on 20 October 2013
320:positioning flight
227:Garrett TPE-33-10R
223:Geraldton, Ontario
90:Aircraft type
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478:Peninsula Clarion
316:center of gravity
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577:. Archived from
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512:. Archived from
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481:. Archived from
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332:type certificate
258:Soldotna Airport
199:Soldotna Airport
122:Soldotna Airport
74:Soldotna Airport
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575:Alaska Dispatch
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296:angle of attack
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286:Investigation
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118:Flight origin
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583:. Retrieved
579:the original
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548:the original
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518:. Retrieved
514:the original
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487:. Retrieved
483:the original
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405:. Retrieved
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324:gross weight
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208:
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133:Chinitna Bay
109:Registration
18:
407:25 November
195:Rediske Air
191:air charter
128:Destination
103:Rediske Air
1014:Categories
362:References
168:Fatalities
152:Passengers
51:2013-07-07
612:27 August
230:turboprop
176:Survivors
144:Occupants
992:Aviation
349:See also
336:elevator
250:Soldotna
205:Aircraft
193:company
139:, Alaska
100:Operator
85:Aircraft
78:Soldotna
39:Accident
978:Portals
659: (
657:in 2013
585:12 July
554:12 July
510:KTUU-TV
264:(19:20
137:Nikiski
59:Summary
49: (
1004:Alaska
945:Nov 29
935:Nov 29
925:Nov 19
915:Nov 17
905:Oct 16
885:Aug 23
875:Aug 14
855:Jul 22
805:Jun 29
795:Jun 10
785:May 16
775:Apr 29
765:Apr 13
745:Mar 21
715:Feb 26
705:Feb 13
695:Jan 29
685:Jan 16
520:8 July
489:8 July
456:8 July
430:9 July
895:Oct 3
865:Aug 9
845:Jul 7
835:Jul 6
825:Jul 2
815:Jul 1
755:Apr 7
735:Mar 8
725:Mar 4
675:Jan 4
606:(PDF)
304:flaps
300:stall
240:Crash
113:N93PC
63:Stall
661:2013
614:2022
587:2013
556:2013
522:2013
491:2013
458:2013
432:2013
409:2022
262:AKDT
160:Crew
70:Site
44:Date
451:CNN
266:UTC
1016::
573:.
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530:^
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449:.
370:^
171:10
147:10
135:,
76:,
980::
663:)
646:e
639:t
632:v
589:.
558:.
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493:.
460:.
434:.
411:.
179:0
163:1
155:9
53:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
