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2016 Colombian peace agreement referendum

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1245: 196: 1620: 363: 4660: 95: 4614: 1349:, 2014 vice-presidential candidate Carlos Holmes Trujillo, and then-senator and eventual president Iván Duque Márquez. The party presented several arguments against the peace deal, among them that the guerrillas would not serve time in prison, that they would automatically be awarded ten seats in Congress, that the deal would legalize narcotrafficking, and that in pursuing the negotiations Santos had gone beyond the terms of the Colombian constitution. 237: 4647: 358: 994: 4396: 4372: 3316: 978: 27: 4423: 4433: 4634: 4443: 4362: 111: 4413: 4352: 1368:, who was born in Colombia but who became a naturalized Mexican citizen in 2007, launched a strong attack against the negotiations during a debate at the World Summit of Art and Culture for Peace in Bogotá on 6 April 2016, describing president Santos as "shameless" and calling the FARC "thugs". The strongly religious footballer 1320:
sent a sculpture of a white dove to the Colombian presidential palace, created in his signature "fat" style of portraying people and animals. It was accompanied by a message that he had wanted to create "this present for my country in order to express my support and my solidarity with this process".
1388:
Attitudes among Colombians were aligned to support for Santos or Uribe: those who supported Uribe's party and his preferred candidates showed lower support for the peace process, while those who supported Santos did the opposite. It was also noted that the support for the peace process was lower if
1341:. Uribe built his career, including two terms as president, on promises to tackle the guerrilla groups in the country, and had been an outspoken critic of Santos, his successor as president, ever since Santos began negotiations with the FARC. Uribe was supported by senior members of his 1129:, and concluded on 25 August 2016. The final agreement included topics of rural reform, political participation, the end of hostilities, solutions to the production of illicit drugs, the rights of victims, and the mechanisms of implementation and verification. 1749:
caused widespread flooding along Colombia's northern coastal region, with the result that many people were unable to go out and vote in a region which strongly backed the "Yes" vote: it has been suggested that this may also have been a factor in the loss.
1054:
guerillas. It failed, with 50.2% voting against it and 49.8% voting in favor. Approval of the referendum was taken for granted in Colombia prior to the vote based on opinion polls. However, the 'No' option ended up winning by a narrow margin.
1329:, who holds honorary Colombian nationality. Most displaced Colombian victims living outside of the country supported the Yes vote, and voted accordingly, although some were critical of having been excluded from the peace process. 2131: 2498: 1267:
Although, most public figures in Colombia refused to explicitly declare their support for either the 'Yes' or 'No' vote, many indicated their support for 'Yes' through various messages. Colombia's best-known singers
1244: 2686: 1352:
Other senior political figures who spoke out against the peace accord were conservative former Inspector General Alejandro Ordóñez, who feared it would legitimize violence within the country, and former president
1136:
approved the holding of a national plebiscite to validate the peace agreement. The ballot paper consisted of a single question for voters and that being whether to approve or reject the signed peace agreements:
2970: 2563: 2075: 1392:
The following table shows the results of opinion polling from the date of the announcement of the wording of the referendum question on 30 August 2016 up to the date of the referendum on 2 October 2016.
1148:
For the agreement to be approved, the "Yes" votes had to account for at least 13% of the electorate (i.e., 4,396,626 votes out of a total of 34,899,945 registered voters) and outnumber the "No" votes.
2406: 1372:, a regular starter in the Colombia national football team during 2016, published a video on his Instagram account in which he accused Santos of not placing Jesus at the heart of the negotiations. 2223: 2788: 741: 2593: 2437: 1165:, who was a promoter of the peace talks, announced the support for the 'Yes' option. The 'Yes' campaign received the support of many members of the Colombian community from the political left ( 2910: 2193: 1979: 2350: 1575: 1059: 2656: 2123: 2042: 1949: 404: 2490: 2468: 3936: 2290: 2820: 4380: 2880: 2850: 2626: 4475: 4063: 2678: 1742:
reaffirmed that the group was committed to peace. On 5 October 2016, thousands of citizens took to the streets across 14 cities to protest against the referendum result.
2256: 4099: 4436: 2010: 1453: 2962: 2555: 1745:
A 2018 study suggested one of the reasons for the "No" vote may have been a difficulty in comprehending the language of the agreements. On the day of the referendum
4624: 3941: 3926: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3799: 3177: 3150: 1025: 195: 2528: 2153: 1725: 4788: 3304: 2067: 1528: 2996: 2932: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3391: 3386: 2398: 3994: 1222: 1775: 4576: 2215: 2780: 4446: 3961: 2585: 2429: 2376: 1834: 1321:
A Twitter campaign to promote the peace process outside Colombia, entitled "#Peace4Colombia", attracted the support of Colombian-born Hollywood actor
461: 3951: 2320: 1296:
was more outspoken in his support, appearing at campaign rallies for the 'Yes' vote and saying he wanted a better country for his children. Cyclist
1067: 895: 832: 4286: 4109: 877: 873: 2902: 2183: 1971: 4702: 4399: 2342: 1600: 1118: 1111: 862: 855: 396: 3282: 1816: 951: 4465: 4339: 3931: 3844: 3839: 3834: 3829: 3824: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3804: 3794: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3764: 3759: 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 2749:
Matanock, Aila M.; Garbiras-Diaz, Natalia (23 November 2023). "Considering Concessions: A Survey Experiment on the Colombian Peace Process".
2648: 1922: 1889: 1316:
had been murdered for his stance on human rights, expressed his happiness that an accord had been reached. Internationally renowned sculptor
792: 584: 579: 574: 569: 520: 4215: 2032: 1941: 931: 4313: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3586: 3581: 3576: 3571: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3411: 3401: 3396: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 597: 553: 548: 543: 538: 453: 2460: 2097: 4355: 4308: 1226: 379: 2282: 926: 4404: 4027: 3328: 3257: 2810: 1018: 529: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3860: 1852: 1799: 1361:. As Uribe's predecessor as president, Pastrana had himself attempted to negotiate a peace deal with the FARC between 1999 and 2002. 1117:
The aim of the vote was the direct approval or rejection by voters of the agreements signed between the Colombian government and the
3910: 3890: 3297: 2872: 2842: 2616: 1619: 3659: 4793: 4783: 4426: 1133: 443: 435: 4135: 3251: 956: 4707: 4328: 3987: 3774: 3769: 3654: 3566: 3561: 908: 616: 3072: 2248: 961: 946: 4748: 4451: 4242: 4125: 3381: 3376: 3371: 1214: 812: 497: 489: 254: 936: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3649: 2002: 1503: 1478: 1428: 4303: 4140: 3406: 3346: 3336: 1194: 1011: 846: 721: 941: 3290: 1358: 1342: 1234: 807: 479: 3124: 4741: 4558: 4529: 3253:
Fenómenos meteorológicos y elecciones: el caso del huracán Matthew y las elecciones del plebiscito de 2016 en Colombia
2520: 2161: 1210: 822: 471: 3644: 3341: 1308:
in 2016, asked his fellow Colombians to support the peace accord, describing it as "a step we had to take". Novelist
4114: 4078: 3980: 2992: 2940: 1095: 779: 761: 308: 4778: 4773: 4536: 4058: 3946: 1309: 1257: 1238: 1107: 885: 386: 4551: 4220: 1767: 362: 329: 2551: 1346: 1292:
in which he stated that he imagined "a country with the capacity to forgive", while former Colombian striker
4365: 4281: 4166: 4068: 1373: 1369: 1313: 1103: 1043: 900: 802: 681: 631: 607: 411: 201: 2372: 4517: 4497: 4416: 4334: 4161: 1230: 1190: 827: 3225:"Qué dice de Colombia que haya habido 62% de abstención en el histórico plebiscito por el proceso de paz" 3098: 2312: 1739: 4083: 3320: 2621: 1174: 701: 511: 425: 291: 4089: 731: 686: 676: 651: 636: 3044: 1364:
Outside of politics, other well-known Colombians also rejected the peace deal. Novelist and filmmaker
1284:
all posted messages of support and hope for peace on their Twitter accounts. International footballer
4470: 4225: 4073: 4053: 3636: 2037: 1206: 1198: 817: 766: 746: 736: 716: 706: 641: 621: 349: 272: 267: 222: 1553: 1142:¿Apoya el acuerdo final para terminación del conflicto y construcción de una paz estable y duradera? 4736: 4541: 4200: 4156: 1202: 1122: 1085: 726: 691: 671: 656: 325: 4571: 4264: 4130: 4119: 4003: 3199: 3176:
Correa, Juan C.; García-Chitiva, María del Pilar; García-Vargas, Gustavo R. (30 September 2018).
2731: 2714: 1249: 1162: 1079: 1047: 890: 771: 371: 4104: 1354: 1301: 316: 2033:"Colombia decide el próximo 2 de octubre en referéndum si avala el acuerdo de paz con las FARC" 1768:"Colombia decide el próximo 2 de octubre en referéndum si avala el acuerdo de paz con las FARC" 4252: 4176: 2815: 2766: 2762: 2101: 1918: 1885: 1881: 1746: 1293: 1144:(Do you support the final agreement to end the conflict and build a stable and lasting peace?) 756: 646: 626: 3224: 3018: 2003:"Colombia abre una nueva era al lograr un acuerdo de paz con las FARC tras 52 años de guerra" 1914: 4678: 4507: 4480: 4094: 3261: 3189: 2754: 2723: 1365: 1281: 1170: 913: 751: 696: 666: 661: 65:
Do you support the final agreement to end the conflict and build a stable and lasting peace?
4485: 4375: 4150: 4145: 1803: 1796: 1317: 998: 982: 711: 262: 236: 1338: 1337:
The most prominent campaigner for the 'No' vote was current senator and former president
865: 407: 4688: 4639: 4619: 4546: 4490: 4259: 3049: 2278: 2216:"Shakira, Carlos Vives y Fonseca hicieron llamado de paz tras la firma de los acuerdos" 1326: 1322: 1305: 1297: 1285: 1218: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1099: 357: 2399:"Pintor Fernando Botero regala 'Paloma de la paz' como homenaje a acuerdo en Colombia" 993: 4767: 4683: 4652: 4210: 4205: 2936: 2316: 2188: 1907: 1874: 1857: 1377: 1166: 299: 3972: 3203: 2735: 4395: 4371: 4247: 4048: 2710:"The Colombian Paradox: Peace Processes, Elite Divisions & Popular Plebiscites" 2373:"Fin de las negociaciones de paz es un día de alegría, dice Héctor Abad Faciolince" 1273: 1090: 1063: 382: 3178:"A Text Mining Approach to the Text Difficulty of Latin American Peace Agreement" 3151:"Miles de colombianos salieron a marchar en el nombre de la paz (Published 2016)" 2124:"Presidente Santos oficializó la campaña por el 'Sí' en el plebiscito en Palmira" 4731: 4512: 4422: 4181: 1817:"Colombia's Brexit moment as politicians misjudge popular anger at Farc amnesty" 4432: 3194: 2933:"El Sí en el plebiscito lograría el 54% según encuesta sobre intención de voto" 4721: 4442: 4361: 2709: 2219: 1094:, which was triggered by the 1948 assassination of liberal political leader 1380:
and the Medellín drug cartel, also expressed his opposition to the accord.
4412: 1853:"Brexit, Colombia and Trump: electoral and direct democracy at their best" 4726: 4592: 3315: 2758: 2727: 1972:"El Gobierno colombiano y las FARC firman el pacto definitivo por la paz" 918: 4351: 2993:"El Sí logra el 62% en intención de voto para el plebiscito del domingo" 2781:"El 'sí' al plebiscito por la paz se impone en gran encuesta de Datexco" 2154:"Partido de la U inicia gran campaña en favor del plebiscito por la paz" 1125:, 27 September 2016. The peace negotiations began on 26 August 2012, in 4606: 2461:"What displaced Colombians living abroad think about the peace efforts" 1269: 3265: 4665: 4502: 2586:"'Si el 'No' pierde sería legitimar la violencia': Alejandro Ordóñez" 2491:"Uribe dice que nada justifica participación de las Farc en política" 1277: 1126: 2903:"A 11 días del plebiscito por la paz, el "Sí" sigue siendo mayoría" 2679:"Señor presidente, el centro de esta negociación no es Jesucristo" 2521:"Centro Democrático promoverá el "no" en el plebiscito por la paz" 2430:"#Peace4Colombia, la campaña que une al mundo por la paz del país" 1618: 1243: 2283:"'Me imagino un país que tenga la capacidad de perdonar': Falcao" 1835:"Wrong Again: Poll-Driven Wisdom Failed in Colombia. Where Next?" 1909:
Colombia and the United States: war, unrest, and destabilization
1253: 1051: 3976: 3286: 3073:"'Timochenko' dice que las Farc le seguirán apostando a la paz" 3125:"Así se vivió la multitudinaria marcha por la paz en Colombia" 2617:"Pastrana se une a Uribe para apoyar el 'no' en el plebiscito" 2873:"Tercera gran encuesta: 'Sí', 55,3 %; 'No', 38,3 %" 3019:"Timochenko dice que las FARC seguirán apostando por la paz" 2068:"Oficial: esta es la pregunta para el plebiscito por la paz" 1529:
Invamer–Gallup Colombia/Caracol Televisión, Blu Radio &
235: 2249:"Desde Juanes al Pibe, los famosos le dan el Sí a la paz" 1601:
Cifras & Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red + Noticias
1554:
Cifras & Conceptos/Caracol Radio & Red + Noticias
2843:"Costa Caribe, donde más votarían 'Sí' en el plebiscito" 2184:"Cambio Radical defiende su sí al plebiscito por la paz" 2343:"El mensaje de paz de Nairo Quintana tras su victoria" 1738:
Following the rejection, then-FARC commander-in-chief
1209:). The political parties that were in favour are the 2649:"La violenta diatriba del escritor Fernando Vallejo" 4110:
Valle del Cauca Deputies hostage crisis (2002–2009)
3919: 3853: 3635: 3327: 2062: 2060: 1942:"Colombia - FARC: La cronología del proceso de paz" 1102:repression in rural Colombia in the 1960s that led 1084:The conflict is historically rooted in a period of 70: 2963:"El Sí pierde fuerza, pero le sigue ganando al NO" 2708:Matanock, Aila M.; Garcia-Sanchez, Miguel (2017). 1906: 1873: 1797:Colombia referendum: Voters reject Farc peace deal 1623:Votes from Colombians abroad (Colombia in yellow). 3099:"Multitudinaria marcha de estudiantes por la paz" 1604: 1582: 1557: 1535: 1510: 1485: 1460: 1435: 1345:party, including the 2014 presidential candidate 1042:was held on 2 October 2016, aiming to ratify the 2995:(in Spanish). Caracol Radio. 27 September 2016. 2243: 2241: 1139: 2550:Duque Márquez, Iván; Holmes Trujillo, Carlos; 1058:The result was compared to the outcome of the 3988: 3298: 2615:Cantillo Barrios, Jorge (29 September 2016). 2375:(in Spanish). Caracol Radio. 25 August 2016. 1876:Beyond Bogota: Diary of a Drug War Journalist 1019: 8: 3250:Arredonda Daza, Eduardo José (8 June 2022). 3188:(1). Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz. 2428:Avila, Deisy Alejandra (22 September 2016). 1905:Mario A. Murillo; Jesús Rey Avirama (2004). 18: 2160:(in Spanish). 12 April 2016. Archived from 1389:specific policies were linked to the FARC. 1376:(known as "Popeye"), the former hitman for 1223:Independent Movement of Absolute Renovation 3995: 3981: 3973: 3305: 3291: 3283: 1626: 1026: 1012: 209: 3193: 2098:"Registraduría Nacional del Estado Civil" 1050:between the Colombian government and the 462:President of the Supreme Court of Justice 19:2016 Colombian peace agreement referendum 4013: 1395: 76: 3045:"Timochenko: "Las FARC quieren la paz"" 1759: 1722: 1711: 1700: 1689: 1678: 1674: 1663: 1576:Ipsos Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & 1454:Ipsos Napoleón Franco/RCN, La FM & 221: 215:This article is part of a series on the 2999:from the original on 28 September 2016 2973:from the original on 28 September 2016 2913:from the original on 22 September 2016 2883:from the original on 20 September 2016 2853:from the original on 12 September 2016 2823:from the original on 22 September 2016 2791:from the original on 20 September 2016 2409:from the original on 27 September 2016 2353:from the original on 27 September 2016 2293:from the original on 29 September 2016 1119:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia 1112:Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia 498:President of the Council of Judicature 17: 4675: 4346: 4187: 4045: 3182:Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología 1880:. Boston, MA: Beacon Press. pp.  1712: 1701: 1690: 1679: 1631: 444:President of the Constitutional Court 7: 4789:October 2016 events in South America 4167:Renewed peace process (2012–present) 2751:Conflict Processes and Peace Science 2659:from the original on 13 October 2016 2566:from the original on 11 October 2016 2556:"La verdadera paz empieza con el No" 1929:la violencia colombia united states. 1357:, rejecting the position of his own 1040:Colombian peace agreement referendum 4079:Patriotic Union Party extermination 2939:. 23 September 2016. Archived from 2811:"El Sí va ganando en el plebiscito" 2689:from the original on 2 October 2016 2629:from the original on 3 October 2016 2596:from the original on 1 October 2016 2531:from the original on 6 January 2017 2501:from the original on 30 August 2016 2440:from the original on 5 October 2016 2379:from the original on 5 October 2016 2323:from the original on 1 October 2016 2259:from the original on 2 October 2016 2226:from the original on 6 January 2017 2196:from the original on 31 August 2016 2134:from the original on 31 August 2016 2078:from the original on 31 August 2016 2045:from the original on 20 August 2016 2013:from the original on 25 August 2016 2001:Lafuente, Javier (25 August 2016). 1982:from the original on 25 August 2016 1952:from the original on 25 August 2016 1778:from the original on 25 August 2016 1227:Indigenous Social Alliance Movement 2471:from the original on 4 August 2017 1110:militants to re-organize into the 14: 4172:Peace agreement referendum (2016) 2969:(in Spanish). 27 September 2016. 2909:(in Spanish). 20 September 2016. 2879:(in Spanish). 16 September 2016. 2819:(in Spanish). 10 September 2016. 2685:(in Spanish). 27 September 2016. 2592:(in Spanish). 29 September 2016. 2405:(in Spanish). 27 September 2016. 2255:(in Spanish). 30 September 2016. 480:President of the Council of State 4658: 4645: 4632: 4612: 4441: 4431: 4421: 4411: 4394: 4370: 4360: 4350: 4304:Sinaltrainal v. Coca-Cola (2001) 4216:Colombia–United States relations 4126:Parapolitics scandal (2006–2007) 4100:Failed peace process (1999–2002) 3314: 3256:(Master's thesis) (in Spanish). 2849:(in Spanish). 9 September 2016. 2787:(in Spanish). 2 September 2016. 1288:wrote a letter to the newspaper 992: 976: 361: 356: 194: 109: 93: 25: 4141:Andean diplomatic crisis (2008) 2313:"Todo bien, todo bien a la paz" 1913:. Seven Stories Press. p.  1068:2016 U.S. presidential election 4243:Illegal drug trade in Colombia 4069:Palace of Justice siege (1985) 4064:Dominican Embassy siege (1980) 2497:(in Spanish). 26 August 2016. 2349:(in Spanish). 29 August 2016. 2192:(in Spanish). 30 August 2016. 2130:(in Spanish). 30 August 2016. 2074:(in Spanish). 30 August 2016. 1978:(in Spanish). 25 August 2016. 1948:(in Spanish). 25 August 2016. 1774:(in Spanish). 25 August 2016. 1252:signing the peace treaty with 1215:Social Party of National Unity 1098:, and in the aftermath of the 490:Superior Council of Judicature 1: 2527:(in Spanish). 2 August 2016. 4309:Rodriquez v. Drummond (2003) 4115:El Nogal Club bombing (2003) 3231:(in Spanish). 3 October 2016 3157:(in Spanish). 6 October 2016 3131:(in Spanish). 6 October 2016 3105:(in Spanish). 5 October 2016 3079:(in Spanish). 2 October 2016 3053:(in Spanish). 3 October 2016 2655:(in Spanish). 6 April 2016. 2041:(in Spanish). 18 July 2016. 1408:Polling organisation/client 1235:Colombian Conservative Party 4530:Military Forces of Colombia 4074:DAS Building bombing (1989) 1211:Alternative Democratic Pole 856:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 823:Alternative Democratic Pole 4810: 4749:Some Colombian politicians 4518:Some Colombian politicians 3195:10.14349/rlp.2018.v50.n1.6 1077: 1070:, both also held in 2016. 1046:on the termination of the 521:National Electoral Council 397:Chamber of Representatives 4586:Former government program 4524: 4327: 4136:"False positives" scandal 4090:Mapiripán Massacre (1997) 4039: 4025: 4020: 4016: 4011: 1802:30 September 2018 at the 1723: 1713:Registered voters/turnout 1675: 1664: 1653: 1642: 1637: 1634: 1258:Rodrigo Londono Echeverri 1239:Liberal Party of Colombia 500:Aurelio Enrique Rodríguez 454:Supreme Court of Juistice 193: 184: 169:Registered voters/turnout 87: 84: 75: 63: 39: 23: 4552:Colombian Naval Infantry 4221:Human rights in Colombia 4049:La Violencia (1948–1958) 1806:BBC News, 3 October 2016 599:Administrative divisions 405:President of the Chamber 255:Constitution of Colombia 4794:Referendums in Colombia 4784:Colombian peace process 4287:FARC political hostages 4282:Kidnappings in Colombia 4157:Nariño massacres (2009) 3258:University of the Andes 1370:Daniel Alejandro Torres 1304:and come second in the 1231:Green Party of Colombia 1195:Claudia López Hernández 482:Jaime Enrique Rodríguez 140:Invalid or blank votes 4732:Colombian drug cartels 4577:Attorney General units 4513:Colombian drug cartels 4335:Government of Colombia 4314:Doe v. Chiquita (2007) 4162:2013 Colombian clashes 4151:Operation Fenix (2008) 4146:Operation Jaque (2008) 4105:Bojayá massacre (2002) 3329:Presidential elections 1624: 1504:Datexco/W Radio & 1479:Datexco/W Radio & 1429:Datexco/W Radio & 1310:Héctor Abad Faciolince 1264: 1146: 874:Diplomatic missions of 530:Presidential elections 464:Luis Antonio Hérnandez 240: 4696:Former paramilitaries 4607:DynCorp International 4481:Cuban revolutionaries 4084:Humanitarian exchange 3637:Legislative elections 3321:Elections in Colombia 2319:. 29 September 2016. 2281:(28 September 2016). 2222:. 27 September 2016. 1622: 1247: 1175:Antonio Navarro Wolff 562:Legislative elections 239: 4737:Mexican drug cartels 4405:List of FARC attacks 4226:Politics of Colombia 4120:Neiva bombing (2003) 4054:Marquetalia Republic 2943:on 24 September 2016 2759:10.2139/ssrn.2822599 2728:10.1162/DAED_a_00466 2164:on 11 September 2016 1872:Garry Leech (2009). 1374:Jhon Jairo Velásquez 1248:Colombian President 1199:German Vargas Lleras 1134:Constitutional Court 1132:On 18 July 2016 the 1096:Jorge Eliécer Gaitán 818:Radical Change Party 436:Constitutional Court 350:Congress of Colombia 4625:Mission in Colombia 4201:Democratic security 4182:Total Peace concept 2552:Zuluaga, Óscar Iván 2104:on 14 November 2016 1861:. 10 November 2016. 1691:Invalid/blank votes 1628: 1325:and Spanish singer 1123:Cartagena de Indias 999:Politics portal 983:Colombia portal 380:President of Senate 326:Cabinet of Colombia 20: 4744:military personnel 4572:Migración Colombia 4265:Catatumbo campaign 4235:Illegal drug trade 4193:Government aspects 4131:Operation Emmanuel 4059:The National Front 4004:Colombian conflict 3854:Regional elections 3155:The New York Times 2554:(27 August 2016). 1627: 1625: 1419:31 Aug–1 Sep 2016 1399:Date(s) conducted 1359:Conservative Party 1347:Óscar Iván Zuluaga 1300:, who had won the 1265: 1250:Juan Manuel Santos 1163:Juan Manuel Santos 1080:Colombian conflict 1066:'s victory in the 1048:Colombian conflict 808:Conservative Party 241: 4761: 4760: 4756: 4755: 4471:Foro de São Paulo 4388:Former guerrillas 4253:Operation Snowcap 4177:2022 Huila attack 3970: 3969: 2459:Pugh, Jeffrey D. 1924:978-1-58322-606-3 1891:978-0-8070-6148-0 1841:. 3 October 2016. 1823:. 3 October 2016. 1747:Hurricane Matthew 1731: 1730: 1612: 1611: 1343:Democratic Center 1314:Héctor Abad Gómez 1294:Carlos Valderrama 1207:Mauricio Cárdenas 1086:Colombian history 1060:Brexit referendum 1036: 1035: 896:Visa requirements 848:Foreign relations 794:Political parties 226: 208: 207: 180: 179: 54: 53: 4801: 4779:2016 referendums 4774:2016 in Colombia 4664: 4662: 4661: 4651: 4649: 4648: 4638: 4636: 4635: 4618: 4616: 4615: 4445: 4435: 4425: 4415: 4398: 4374: 4364: 4354: 4299: 4277: 4238: 4196: 4014: 3997: 3990: 3983: 3974: 3319: 3318: 3307: 3300: 3293: 3284: 3277: 3276: 3274: 3272: 3247: 3241: 3240: 3238: 3236: 3221: 3215: 3214: 3212: 3210: 3197: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3162: 3147: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3136: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3112: 3110: 3095: 3089: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3060: 3058: 3041: 3035: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3015: 3009: 3008: 3006: 3004: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2980: 2978: 2959: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2929: 2923: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2899: 2893: 2892: 2890: 2888: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2839: 2833: 2832: 2830: 2828: 2807: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2777: 2771: 2770: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2705: 2699: 2698: 2696: 2694: 2675: 2669: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2645: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2603: 2601: 2582: 2576: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2547: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2536: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2508: 2506: 2487: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2476: 2465:The Conversation 2456: 2450: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2425: 2419: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2386: 2384: 2369: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2339: 2333: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2309: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2275: 2269: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2245: 2236: 2235: 2233: 2231: 2212: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2180: 2174: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2150: 2144: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2120: 2114: 2113: 2111: 2109: 2100:. 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October 2016 44: 37: 36: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4806: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4771: 4769: 4750: 4747: 4745: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4722:Spearhead Ltd 4720: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4690: 4687: 4685: 4684:Los Rastrojos 4682: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4673: 4667: 4656: 4654: 4653:United States 4643: 4641: 4630: 4626: 4623: 4622: 4621: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4589: 4587: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4537:National Army 4535: 4534: 4533: 4531: 4527: 4526: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4492: 4489: 4488: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4476:PC de C (M-L) 4474: 4472: 4469: 4467: 4464: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4453: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4440: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4428: 4424: 4420: 4418: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4397: 4393: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4367: 4363: 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Index


department
Politics of
Colombia


Constitution of Colombia
Law
Taxation
Policy
President
Gustavo Petro
Vice President
Francia Márquez
Cabinet of Colombia
Petro
Congress of Colombia


Senate
President of Senate
Iván Name
AV
Chamber of Representatives
President of the Chamber
Andrés Calle
L
Judiciary
Constitutional Court
President of the Constitutional Court
Supreme Court of Juistice
President of the Supreme Court of Justice

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