1246:
Puerto Rico. The Free
Association would be based on a free and voluntary political association, the specific terms of which shall be agreed upon between the United States and Puerto Rico as sovereign nations. Such agreement would provide the scope of the jurisdictional powers that the People of Puerto Rico agree to confer to the United States and retain all other jurisdictional powers and authorities. Under this option the American citizenship would be subject to negotiation with the United States Government; (2) Proclamation of Independence, I demand that the United States Government, in the exercise of its power to dispose of territory, recognize the national sovereignty of Puerto Rico as a completely independent nation and that the United States Congress enact the necessary legislation to initiate the negotiation and transition to the independent nation of Puerto Rico. My vote for Independence also represents my claim to the rights, duties, powers, and prerogatives of independent and democratic republics, my support of Puerto Rican citizenship, and a "Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation" between Puerto Rico and the United States after the transition process
278:, a letter from the Trump administration recommended to add the Commonwealth, the current status, in the plebiscite. The option had been removed from this plebiscite in response to the results of the plebiscite in 2012 which asked whether to remain in the current status and No had won. However, the Trump administration cited changes in demographics during the past 5 years to add the option once again. Amendments to the plebiscite bill were adopted making ballot wording changes requested by the U.S. Department of Justice, as well as adding a "current territorial status" option. After adding the "current status" option, the Puerto Rican government started the voting process before the Justice Department could review the revised ballot, losing $ 2.5 million in funding set aside and spending $ 8 million of its own money for the election.
313:, voters were asked two questions: (1) whether they agreed to continue with Puerto Rico's territorial status, and (2) to indicate the political status they preferred from three possibilities: statehood, independence, or a sovereign nation in free association with the United States. 53.97% voted "No" on the first question, expressing themselves against maintaining the current political status, and 46.03% voted "Yes", to maintain the current political status. Of those who answered on the second question 61.16% chose statehood, 33.34% chose free association, and 5.49% chose independence.
382:, a notion also historically rejected by the PPD. Likewise, under the 'independence/free association' option, the ballot asserted that Puerto Rico must be a sovereign nation in order to enter into a compact of free association with the United States. Supporters of the free association movement reject this notion. Had these parties participated in the referendum, they claim it would mean they had accepted those assertions implicitly, regardless of whether the assertions were correct.
685:
697:
673:
32:
1457:
325:
The 2017 referendum offered three options: Statehood, Independence/Free
Association, and "Current Territorial Status". If the majority of the people voted for the Independence/Free Association, a second vote would have been held to determine the preference: full independence as a nation or associated
281:
Previous plebiscites have discussed the margins of the win to result in a mandate with some arguing for a 50%+1 or sometimes a higher percentage to initiate congressional action on the will of Puerto Rico. Previous plebiscites with the three options have resulted in a close race between statehood and
333:
Free
Association is a type of independence. A compact of Free Association would establish a mutual agreement that would recognize that the United States and Puerto Rico are closely linked in specific ways as detailed in the compact. Compacts of this sort are based on the national sovereignty of each
729:
The blurb used below the third option asserted that, "With my vote, I express my wish that Puerto Rico remains, as it is today, subject to the powers of the
Congress and subject to the Territory Clause of the United States Constitution that in the Article IV, Section 3 states: "The Congress shall
1245:
With my vote, I make the initial request to the
Federal Government to begin the process of the decolonization through: (1) Free Association: Puerto Rico should adopt a status outside of the Territory Clause of the Constitution of the United States that recognizes the sovereignty of the People of
357:
At approximately the same time as the referendum, Puerto Rico's legislators were expected to vote on a bill that would allow the
Governor to draft a state constitution and hold elections to choose senators and representatives to the federal Congress. Regardless of the outcome of the referendum,
353:
was strongly in favor of statehood to help develop the economy and help to "solve our 500-year-old colonial dilemma ... Colonialism is not an option .... It's a civil rights issue ... 3.5 million citizens seeking an absolute democracy," he told the news media. Benefits of statehood include an
730:
have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and
Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State"."
354:
additional $ 10 billion per year in federal funds, the right to vote in presidential elections, higher Social
Security and Medicare benefits, and a right for its government agencies and municipalities to file for bankruptcy. The latter is currently prohibited.
316:
Because there were almost 500,000 blank ballots in the 2012 referendum, creating confusion as to the voters' true desire, Congress decided to ignore the vote. The House of
Representatives provided funds for holding a fifth referendum in the future.
282:
commonwealth but with neither option breaking 50%. Congressional hearings on Puerto Rico have discussed scenarios where a second round could be held on the options that win the first but that has not been discussed by the government of Puerto Rico.
1292:
739:
The blurb used under the second option asserted that, "The Free
Association would be based on a free and voluntary political association, the specific terms of which shall be agreed upon between the United States and Puerto Rico as sovereign
800:
1970:
1302:
1445:
924:
1077:
378:(PPD) has historically rejected that notion. Similarly, under the option for maintaining the status quo, the ballot also asserted that Puerto Rico is subject to the plenary powers of the
374:
The referendum was boycotted by one of the major parties against statehood for several reasons. One reason is that the title of the ballot asserted that Puerto Rico is a colony. The
977:
951:
792:
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1333:
1680:
1232:
1103:
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of the United States. Because of this territorial status, the island is neither a state of the United States nor a sovereign one. Although Puerto Ricans were granted
886:
655:
2166:
363:
1438:
1169:
1138:
342:
would have covered topics such as the role of the U.S. military in Puerto Rico, the use of the U.S. currency, free trade between the two entities, and whether
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2093:
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on January 31 by a house which is also controlled by the PNP. The amendments then passed in the Senate and the bill was signed into law by Governor
1202:
620:
1431:
1570:
260:
248:
has jurisdiction on the island. In addition, due to its political status, the United States has full authority over Puerto Rico's foreign policy.
245:
181:
1423:
921:
1081:
2053:
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1787:
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574:
375:
175:
2063:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1055:
1029:
1003:
650:
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259:(PNP In Spanish) which advocates for Puerto Rico to become a state of the United States. The measure was then passed with amendments by the
2171:
2028:
594:
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189:
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108:
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941:
2151:
2113:
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2058:
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1389:
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640:
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free state status with independence but with a "free and voluntary political association" between Puerto Rico and the United States.
2146:
1107:
604:
599:
159:
92:
1259:
826:
2156:
770:
615:
225:
193:
1990:
635:
185:
237:
902:
1995:
1982:
174:. Those who voted overwhelmingly chose statehood by 97%. This figure is attributed to a boycott led by the pro-status quo
883:
663:
2141:
2038:
625:
589:
339:
167:
112:
1161:
216:
The United States invaded Puerto Rico in 1898, forcing Spain to cede Puerto Rico to the United States as part of the
1130:
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221:
201:
1461:
610:
1384:
Report By the President's Task Force On Puerto Rico's Status (December 2005) – President William J. Clinton.
1194:
630:
233:
205:
379:
359:
271:
217:
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Report By the President's Task Force On Puerto Rico's Status (December 2007) – President George W. Bush.
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689:
1405:
Political Status of Puerto Rico: Options for Congress – Congressional Research Service (CRS Report)
1398:
Report By the President's Task Force On Puerto Rico's Status (March 2011) – President Barack Obama.
1297:
1026:"Puerto Rico State Electoral Commission: Official Results for the 1993 Political-Status Plebiscite"
1000:"Puerto Rico State Electoral Commission: Official Results for the 1967 Political-Status Plebiscite"
350:
264:
1051:
1025:
999:
793:"Analysis – Puerto Rico votes on statehood on Sunday — for the fifth time. Here's what's at stake"
858:
831:
677:
241:
701:
275:
928:
909:
890:
720:
The title of the ballot was "PLEBISCITE FOR THE IMMEDIATE DECOLONIZATION OF PUERTO RICO."
430:
762:
2130:
343:
197:
1412:
Puerto Rico's Political Status and the 2012 Plebiscite: Background and Key Questions
1264:
417:
155:
362:
would be necessary to implement changes to the status of Puerto Rico under the
1419:
http://www.oslpr.org/2017-2020/%7B21019674-18CE-47B5-A04E-E24EF16ECDC9%7D.pdf
1225:"Puerto Rico Statehood, Independence, or Free Association Referendum (2017)"
1403:
329:
The White House Task Force on Puerto Rico offers the following specifics:
1410:
946:
334:
country, and either nation can unilaterally terminate the association.
244:) nor for a legislator in Congress with voting powers even though the
827:"23% of Puerto Ricans Vote in Referendum, 97% of Them for Statehood"
236:, the American citizens residing on the island cannot vote for the
154:
A referendum on the political status of Puerto Rico was held in
1427:
1260:"Will Puerto Rico become the newest star on the American flag?"
1131:"Will Puerto Rico become the newest star on the American flag?"
270:
While initially the referendum would only have the options of
1293:"Puerto Rico gov approves referendum in quest for statehood"
942:"US to Puerto Rico: Add another option to status referendum"
763:"Puerto Rico gov approves referendum in quest for statehood"
922:
Ricardo RossellĂł oficializa el prĂłximo plebiscito de status
575:
Plebiscito para la DescolonizaciĂłn Inmediata de Puerto Rico
467:
Certified results, with 100.00% of precincts reporting.
255:
on January 26, 2017, by a senate controlled by the
251:
Legislation approving the referendum was passed in the
974:"El Senado aprueba enmiendas a la ley del plebiscito"
661:
646:
United Nations list of non-self-governing territories
364:
Territorial Clause of the United States Constitution
158:
on June 11, 2017. The referendum had three options:
2021:
1981:
1786:
1581:
1468:
1052:"Elecciones en Puerto Rico: Consulta de Resultados"
68:
903:Cámara aprueba el proyecto de consulta de estatus
1326:"Plebiscite Boycott Fails to Seduce the Masses"
656:District of Columbia statehood referendum, 2016
331:
1439:
1414:– Congressional Research Service (CRS Report)
757:
755:
8:
178:party, which resulted in a 22.93% turnout.
23:
1162:"Part of our country but still not a State"
1446:
1432:
1424:
172:maintaining the current territorial status
621:Proposed political status for Puerto Rico
184:had been held on the island to decide on
1462:Elections and referendums in Puerto Rico
1189:
1187:
820:
818:
469:
389:
1078:"CONDICIĂ“N POLĂŤTICA TERRITORIAL ACTUAL"
865:from the original on September 29, 2017
839:from the original on September 29, 2017
751:
713:
668:
261:House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
246:federal government of the United States
1272:from the original on February 25, 2017
1205:from the original on February 24, 2017
1172:from the original on February 25, 2017
1141:from the original on February 25, 2017
572:
22:
2167:June 2017 events in the United States
1058:from the original on February 4, 2016
1032:from the original on February 1, 2016
1006:from the original on February 1, 2016
651:Index of Puerto Rico-related articles
224:. Since then, the island has been an
160:becoming a state of the United States
7:
980:from the original on August 27, 2017
595:Independence movement in Puerto Rico
257:New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico
773:from the original on April 24, 2020
641:Special Committee on Decolonization
24:2017 Puerto Rican status referendum
18:In support of becoming a U.S. state
859:"PDP to boycott status referendum"
803:from the original on June 10, 2017
290:Previous referendums were held in
14:
2162:June 2017 events in North America
1336:from the original on June 9, 2017
1291:Coto, Danica (February 3, 2017).
1195:"What's a Free Associated State?"
954:from the original on June 9, 2017
605:Puerto Rico Democracy Act of 2007
600:Statehood movement in Puerto Rico
1455:
1235:from the original on May 6, 2017
1160:Crabbe, Nathan (June 15, 2014).
884:Senado abre camino al plebiscito
825:Frances Robles (June 11, 2017).
695:
683:
671:
616:Territories of the United States
571:
560:
543:
532:
521:
405:Free Association / Independence
267:(PNP) on February 3, 2017.
30:
636:Political status of Puerto Rico
501:Free Association / Independence
321:Referendum question and options
1129:Wyss, Jim (January 26, 2017).
238:president of the United States
1:
562:Registered voters and turnout
206:were granted U.S. citizenship
1054:. Eleccionespuertorico.org.
931:El Nuevodia, 3 February 2017
893:El Nuevodia, 27 January 2017
626:Voting rights in Puerto Rico
200:since the conclusion of the
2172:Multiple-choice referendums
1104:"OPCIONES NO TERRITORIALES"
590:Sovereigntism (Puerto Rico)
340:Compact of Free Association
204:in 1898, and its residents
192:. Puerto Rico has been an
2188:
2152:Referendums in Puerto Rico
561:
544:
533:
522:
511:
500:
483:
129:Current Territorial Status
1360:resultados2017.ceepur.org
927:February 3, 2017, at the
908:February 4, 2017, at the
889:January 27, 2017, at the
230:United States citizenship
182:Four previous referendums
137:
127:
122:
106:
101:
91:
87:
83:
73:
44:
28:
2147:Independence referendums
611:Puerto Rican citizenship
607:(H.R. 900 & S. 1936)
376:Popular Democratic Party
346:would be U.S. citizens.
226:unincorporated territory
194:unincorporated territory
2157:Sovereignty referendums
631:Politics of Puerto Rico
912:Metro, 1 February 2017
534:Invalid or blank votes
380:United States Congress
360:United States Congress
336:
311:2012 status referendum
393:Date of opinion poll
253:Senate of Puerto Rico
220:after the end of the
1583:Legislative Assembly
1301:. DC. Archived from
1231:. February 6, 2017.
1201:. February 3, 2017.
769:. February 3, 2017.
286:Previous referendums
222:Spanish–American War
202:Spanish–American War
186:its political status
2142:2017 in Puerto Rico
1983:Municipal elections
1305:on February 4, 2017
1298:The Washington Post
1168:. Gainesville, FL.
25:
1330:Puerto Rico Decide
1199:Puerto Rico Report
976:. April 18, 2017.
950:. April 13, 2017.
861:. April 20, 2017.
832:The New York Times
242:head of government
234:Jones–Shafroth Act
188:, the most recent
2124:
2123:
1110:on August 4, 2013
1084:on August 4, 2013
580:
579:
460:
459:
274:and independence/
152:
151:
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147:
142:
141:
59:
58:
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2137:2017 referendums
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1137:. Miami Herald.
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1106:. Archived from
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1080:. Archived from
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414:Margin of Error
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351:Ricardo RossellĂł
276:free association
265:Ricardo RossellĂł
168:free association
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113:Free Association
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2017:
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1377:Further reading
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1324:DĂa, El Nuevo.
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1166:Gainesville Sun
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402:Current status
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512:Current Status
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52:June 11, 2017
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2011:
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1776:
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1383:
1363:. Retrieved
1359:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1329:
1319:
1309:February 17,
1307:. Retrieved
1303:the original
1296:
1286:
1276:February 24,
1274:. Retrieved
1265:Miami Herald
1263:
1253:
1244:
1239:February 24,
1237:. Retrieved
1228:
1219:
1209:February 23,
1207:. Retrieved
1198:
1176:February 24,
1174:. Retrieved
1165:
1155:
1145:February 24,
1143:. Retrieved
1135:Miami Herald
1134:
1124:
1114:November 13,
1112:. Retrieved
1108:the original
1098:
1088:November 13,
1086:. Retrieved
1082:the original
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1046:
1034:. Retrieved
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
994:
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968:
956:. Retrieved
945:
936:
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853:
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830:
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796:
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766:
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431:El Nuevo DĂa
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308:
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269:
250:
215:
180:
164:independence
153:
109:Independence
51:
20:
15:
2022:Referendums
1356:"CEE Event"
1258:Wyss, Jim.
1229:Ballotpedia
1062:November 7,
678:Puerto Rico
546:Total votes
523:Valid votes
418:Sample size
156:Puerto Rico
2131:Categories
2099:2012 (Nov)
2094:2012 (Aug)
2039:1952 (Nov)
2034:1952 (Mar)
1788:U.S. House
747:References
411:Undecided
399:Statehood
212:Background
1991:1899–1900
1268:. Miami.
740:nations."
702:Caribbean
565:2,260,804
485:Statehood
349:Governor
272:statehood
208:in 1917.
93:Statehood
1469:Governor
1365:June 11,
1340:June 11,
1334:Archived
1270:Archived
1233:Archived
1203:Archived
1170:Archived
1139:Archived
1056:Archived
1030:Archived
1004:Archived
984:June 11,
978:Archived
958:June 11,
952:Archived
947:Fox News
925:Archived
906:Archived
887:Archived
869:June 11,
863:Archived
843:June 11,
837:Archived
807:June 11,
801:Archived
771:Archived
583:See also
573:Source:
408:Abstain
777:May 10,
767:AP NEWS
664:Portals
568:23.23%
551:525,138
529:99.76%
526:523,891
490:508,862
473:Choice
463:Results
370:Boycott
309:In the
240:(their
196:of the
190:in 2012
134:
119:
98:
69:Results
1036:May 1,
1010:May 1,
540:0.24%
518:1.35%
507:1.52%
495:97.13%
476:Votes
453:±3.2%
302:, and
102:97.13%
709:Notes
537:1,247
515:7,048
504:7,981
170:, or
138:1.35%
123:1.52%
2115:2024
2109:2020
2104:2017
2089:2005
2084:1998
2079:1994
2074:1993
2069:1991
2064:1970
2059:1967
2054:1964
2049:1961
2044:1960
2029:1951
2012:2024
2006:2020
2001:2016
1996:2012
1972:2024
1966:2020
1961:2016
1956:2012
1951:2008
1946:2004
1941:2000
1936:1996
1931:1992
1926:1988
1921:1984
1916:1980
1911:1976
1906:1972
1901:1968
1896:1964
1891:1960
1886:1956
1881:1952
1876:1948
1871:1944
1866:1940
1861:1936
1856:1932
1851:1928
1846:1924
1841:1920
1836:1917
1831:1914
1826:1912
1821:1910
1816:1908
1811:1906
1806:1904
1801:1902
1796:1900
1777:2024
1771:2020
1766:2016
1761:2012
1756:2008
1751:2004
1746:2000
1741:1996
1736:1992
1731:1988
1726:1984
1721:1980
1716:1976
1711:1972
1706:1968
1701:1964
1696:1960
1691:1956
1686:1952
1681:1951
1676:1948
1671:1944
1666:1940
1661:1936
1656:1932
1651:1928
1646:1924
1641:1920
1636:1917
1631:1914
1626:1912
1621:1910
1616:1908
1611:1906
1606:1904
1601:1902
1596:1900
1591:1898
1572:2024
1566:2020
1561:2016
1556:2012
1551:2008
1546:2004
1541:2000
1536:1996
1531:1992
1526:1988
1521:1984
1516:1980
1511:1976
1506:1972
1501:1968
1496:1964
1491:1960
1486:1956
1481:1952
1476:1948
1367:2017
1342:2017
1311:2017
1278:2017
1241:2017
1211:2017
1178:2017
1147:2017
1116:2017
1090:2017
1064:2012
1038:2010
1012:2010
986:2017
960:2017
871:2017
845:2017
809:2017
779:2020
556:100%
456:966
444:15%
441:17%
338:The
304:2012
300:1998
296:1993
292:1967
450:7%
447:9%
437:52%
298:,
176:PPD
2133::
1358:.
1332:.
1328:.
1295:.
1262:.
1243:.
1227:.
1197:.
1186:^
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781:.
666::
166:/
111:/
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