399:
of when shutoffs would occur, and with the inability to power or charge electrical devices on which their wellbeing depended during shutoffs. Affected devices included ventilators, oxygen concentrators, nebulizers, dialysis machines, refrigerators for drugs such as insulin, and electrically powered beds, hoists and wheelchairs. PG&E had a list of over 30,000 customers registered on their
Medical Baseline program as being vulnerable to shutoffs, but used it only as a contact list, leaving the affected disabled customers unsupported. Dependence on the Medical Baseline list meant PG&E inevitably missing many more disabled people not registered with the program. Others who were registered reported they were not contacted. PG&E also refused to give many local counties access to the Medical Baseline list, leaving them unable to check on vulnerable residents.
217:, which makes California utilities responsible for wildfire destruction regardless of whether the utility acted negligently or not. California's interpretation of inverse condemnation is unique. The tenet is applied in other states, usually to government entities that damage private property when engaged in a public service. California's courts have ruled the principle can be applied to utilities. So the utilities are held liable for damage, even if they comply with all of California's strict energy-related rules.
476:
Oct, 16, Oct. 24, and Oct. 28–30. The SCE damage incident with the most significant modeling results occurred on Sept. 16. Modeling shows the fire resulting from this incident could have grown to approximately 15,425 acres, with more than 2,600 buildings impacted and more than 7,500 people impacted. There were six additional damage incidents reported in the same vicinity during this de-energization event, meaning there is a high probability there would have been an ignition in this location.
309:
154:
489:
California in anticipation of scorching temperatures and gusty winds at the end of the heat wave that could easily knock off power utilities. PG&E assured customers, though, that if shutoffs do happen, they will affect fewer customers and be shorter in duration than the 2019 shutoffs, i.e. they were aiming to restore power within 12 hours of shutting it off instead of several days.
468:
PG&E damage incident with the most significant modeling results occurred on Oct. 9. Modeling shows the fire resulting from this incident could have grown to approximately 23,500 acres, with more than 2,000 buildings impacted and more than 3,300 people impacted. The area of this fire is near the location of the Carr Fire (2018), which burned more than 219,000 acres.
110:(SDG&E). The power shutoffs were an attempt to prevent wildfires from being started by electrical equipment during strong and dry winds. The shutoffs initially affected around 800,000 customer accounts, or about 2.5 million people, but expanded to cause over 3 million people to lose utility-provided electrical power by late October as more
398:
A man dependent on an oxygen supply died 12 minutes after the outage started in his area on
October 11. An investigation has been initiated. His family said he could not reach his battery-powered tank in time. Large numbers of other disabled people reported issues with poor communication by PG&E
454:
After the early
October power shutoffs, the CEO of PG&E stated that they found more than 100 cases of "wind-related damage" to the 25,000 miles of power lines they had de-energized. He also stated "More than half of PG&E's 70,000-square-mile service area in Northern and Central California is
184:
The "Public Safety Power
Shutoff" (PSPS) has been standard practice in California for many years, though in the past, the preemptive shutoffs occurred predominantly in rural areas. PG&E warned the state for months of its impending action, set to commence when the combination of high autumn winds
467:
Pacific Gas and
Electric: For the four October 2019 PSPS events examined, PG&E reported 662 damage incidents, 560 of which would be expected to ignite a fire, according to the analysis results. In total, 114 damage incidents were analyzed for PSPS events that occurred on Oct. 9 and Oct. 26. The
462:
In March 2021, the CPUC presented the results of a risk analysis study conducted by
Technosylva to estimate potential fire impacts that could have occurred had electric infrastructure remained energized during the Public Safety Power Shutoffs (PSPS) events managed by SDG&E, PG&E, and SCE in
475:
Southern
California Edison: For the five September–October 2019 PSPS events examined, SCE reported 64 damage incidents, 55 of which would be expected to ignite a fire, according to the analysis results. In total, 54 damage incidents were analyzed for PSPS events that occurred on Sept. 16, Oct. 10,
220:
This policy resulted in $ 30B of liability for PG&E from the 2017 & 2018 fires and drove it to bankruptcy proceedings. In July 2019, a new $ 21 billion wildfire trust fund was created to pay for damages from future wildfires, started with a 50-50 balance of utility and customer monies and
471:
San Diego Gas & Electric: For the two
October 2019 PSPS events examined, SDG&E reported 15 damage incidents, all of which would be expected to ignite a fire, according to the analysis results. Fires resulting from these 15 damage incidents could have burned more than 327,000 acres in San
1424:
We did see damage to our system because of the wind. When we patrolled all 25,000 miles of lines that we turned off, we found more than 100 confirmed cases of wind-related damage — including trees into power lines and downed power lines. Had we not shut off power, this type of damage could have
1479:
In an accounting to U.S. Judge
William Alsup, the company said it identified 44 cases where vegetation contacted its lines and would have likely caused arcing and sparks. PG&E also identified 12 cases of wind-related equipment damage that could have caused arcing and sparks. There were 62
1480:
additional cases where PG&E identified damage that it said would not result in arcing or sparks that can trigger wildfires. The numbers are limited to the Oct, 9 shutoffs, the company said and stressed that in some cases it was not able to say whether the damage could have sparked a fire.
488:
Since the 2019 shutoffs, PG&E has always been continuously trying to make improvements to its electrical utilities to minimize fire risk and reduce the number of shutoffs at the same time. However, on
September 5, 2020, PG&E issued a PSPS Shutoff Watch for several regions in Northern
355:
On Wednesday, October 9, around 12 AM PDT, PG&E began to shut off power to many regions, as a pre-emptive measure to help avoid wildfires caused by electric lines. The shutdown of nearly 25,000 miles (40,000 km) of electric lines was expected to affect more than 2 million people, of
224:
Critics of inverse condemnation point out that it can lead to utility bankruptcies which can threaten the integrity of the California power grid as well as hurt financing the states' efforts for renewable energy and against climate change, one of the causes of the intensified fire threat.
287:
The state's largest utility, PG&E, has 107,000 miles (172,000 km) of distribution lines, 81,000 miles (130,000 km) of which are overhead. The cost to convert all of PG&E's overhead distribution lines to underground lines would be approximately
247:
to modify the legal regime under which electrical utilities operate in California. Over 20 new wildfire-related laws were enacted in the 2019 legislative session, several of them affecting the electrical service providing utility companies.
125:
blamed the shutdowns on PG&E's "greed and mismanagement." Some people expressed their frustrations through vandalism and violence, including the egging of a PG&E office's front doors and someone shooting at a PG&E vehicle.
200:
As California's population has continued to grow in suburban and exurban areas that were formerly wilderness, the risk and size of fires has escalated. More than a third of California's housing is now located in areas known as
1167:
The predicted Santa Ana winds initially prompted San Diego Gas & Electric to notify roughly 24,000 customers of potential power shutoffs for safety reasons, but as of 7 a.m. Friday that number had increased to just over
375:
On October 26, PG&E announced that it would be shutting off power for 940,000 customers in Northern California, again with the rationale of preventing more wildfires. This "is the second major shutoff by PG&E this
1065:
Southern California Edison has shut off power to about 12,900 customers Thursday, Oct. 10, while an area containing almost 174,000 SCE customers is under consideration for power shutoffs as a way to prevent wildfires from
422:. Paula Milano, who helps run the Laboratory, did not want to postpone the launch saying "If a scrub of the mission happens because of Berkeley, that's a huge black eye for us, and it's a huge public black eye for
372:
On October 25, San Diego Gas & Electric had cut power to 19,000 households, potentially rising up to 50,000, in San Diego County because of a combination of high winds, high temperature, and dry conditions.
362:
By October 11, three days into the pre-emptive blackout, winds had begun to subside and PG&E restored power to some customers, but about 500,000 out of a total of approximately 800,000 still had power cut
770:
458:
By the end of October, PG&E officials told a federal judge that the power shutoffs so far helped prevent up to 56 wildfires; 44 from contact with vegetation and 12 cases of wind-caused equipment damage.
205:. When wildfires happen upon these communities, they become more dangerous and leap from structure to structure in what is called "fast-moving urban conflagrations" that firefighters find difficult to stop.
699:
921:
276:
lines. Distribution lines bring electricity directly to homes; two thirds of them statewide are above ground. For transmission lines, the cost of constructing these underground is approximately
1520:
1411:
885:
356:
PG&E's 16 million total served. Power was projected to remain off for up to several days after the high winds subside as all of the shutdown lines must be inspected for wind damage.
1548:
485:
On October 18, 2019, PG&E announced that shutoffs could continue for 10 years before they can start to reduce significantly, which was met with scorn by many California officials.
379:
On October 27, over 1 million customers and a total of over 3,000,000 individuals were affected. A total of more than 3 million people across California were without power that day.
1576:
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1002:
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Diego County, and impacted more than 34,000 people and 35,000 structures in total. Simulations were run for 13 of the damage incidents that occurred on Oct. 24 and Oct. 28
1669:
760:
1179:
121:
issued an apology. Many residents complained of either being misinformed or not informed when shutdowns would occur, while officials such as California governor
1219:
1466:
911:
1679:
189:
on Wednesday, October 9, at around 12 AM PDT in order to reduce the risks of devastating wildfires caused by PG&E's power lines or equipment, like the
1149:
190:
498:
1193:
646:
1674:
1079:
975:
117:
The shutdowns have drawn widespread fierce backlash and criticism from residents as well as government officials as PG&E, SCE, SDG&E and the
1401:
1047:
875:
856:
118:
1304:
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had shut off power to 25,000 customers and conducted notifications for up to 350,000 more in 10 counties around the greater Los Angeles area.
366:
On October 12, the first round of power shutoffs ended. A total of 738,000 customers had lost power over 35 counties from October 9–12, 2019.
1506:
1375:
213:
Besides safety, one of the reasons behind PG&E's (now moving into bankruptcy) imposition of the blackouts is a legal doctrine known as
560:
672:
432:
411:
1441:
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considered by state officials to be at high risk of wildfire. In 2012, that designation applied to just 15% of our service area."
727:
589:
419:
369:
On October 22, PG&E was warning of a potential second round of preemptive shutoffs which could affect over 500,000 customers.
99:
1232:
961:
1633:
415:
221:
also reduced the liability threshold for utilities to where customers must prove negligence before companies are held liable.
352:
event of the fall. As of October 8, 2019, SDG&E anticipated restoring power by the following Friday, October 11.
1425:
sparked a fire. In fact, vegetation contacting lines was the very cause of a number of fires in the North Bay two years ago.
202:
513:
236:
1112:
359:
On October 10, SCE cut power to 13,000 customers, (and warned 175,000 of potential power cuts depending on conditions).
296:
per PG&E customer. (This cost estimate is only for distribution lines, not the higher voltage transmission lines.)
1664:
518:
273:
269:
134:
130:
341:
107:
383:
103:
1180:
PG&E will cut power to 940,000 as California wildfires rage: 'Most serious weather situation in recent memory'
503:
407:
815:
233:
728:"California power outage frustrations boil over as PG&E office vandalized, truck shot at on Interstate 5"
185:
and dry conditions made the fires more likely to happen. PG&E began its series of power blackouts in the
1406:
1198:
980:
1052:
797:"California Goes Dark. Multiple factors have led to planned electricity blackouts across the Golden State"
443:
240:
186:
796:
944:
615:
1029:"'A victim of their own failure': Why PG&E's massive power shutdown in California was inevitable"
508:
214:
1136:
389:
On November 20, PG&E shut off power to approximately 450,000 individuals in Northern California.
256:
The fire risk from the electricity supply is principally from the large amount of energy carried in
704:
257:
95:
91:
1028:
876:"Newsom and legislative leaders decline to embrace changes to California's wildfire liability law"
280:
per mile while for distribution lines, the construction cost of new underground lines is about
1278:
1252:"PG&E Withheld Information About Medically At-Risk Customers Ahead Of Major Power Shutoff"
1116:
916:
880:
426:." After notification on October 7, the lab began extensive preparation for the power outage.
17:
1309:
345:
1233:"California power shutoff: how PG&E's actions hit the medically vulnerable the hardest"
1220:
Power outage map: Where Southern California Edison has cut electricity or is considering it
816:"Cal Fire: PG&E equipment caused 12 Northern California fires during October firestorm"
429:
By late October, water had been restricted for some in areas which rely on pump stations.
945:"Making PG&E pay more than its fair share of fire damage could backfire on the state"
268:
in the state of California have a total of 26,000 miles (42,000 km) of high voltage
1084:
647:"PG&E: Massive power shut-off to hit 800,000 customers, could extend nearly a week"
590:"Oxygen-dependent California man dies 12 minutes after PG&E cuts power to his home"
439:
349:
265:
194:
111:
1492:
1271:"UC Berkeley Was About to Launch a Satellite. Then PG&E Said It Was Cutting Power"
761:"California power lines spark wildfires and prompt blackouts. Why not just bury them?"
348:, California on Friday, October 4, 2019, due to combustion hazards posed by the first
308:
153:
1658:
1194:"PG&E outages: Historic blackout underway, 1.3 million in Bay Area without power"
435:
261:
244:
1270:
834:
1113:"PG&E warns of 10 years of power shut-offs. California officials don't like it"
403:
122:
87:
58:
1137:
California: PG&E warns of fresh power shutoffs for 500,000 due to fire weather
1467:"PG&E Says 56 Fires Could Have Been Sparked Without Mass Shutoffs This Month"
976:"Put PG&E's power lines underground? It can be done — expensively and slowly"
133:(relatively low voltage lines which bring power to homes, not the higher voltage
962:
California adds new rules for planned power shutoffs under laws signed by Newsom
86:, known as public safety power shutoff (PSPS) events, were massive preemptive
48:
1282:
1445:
1402:"PG&E CEO: We hear the anger, are working hard to avoid power shut-offs"
1305:"Power shutdown: Do you have to pay PG&E, plus other questions answered"
765:
1353:
1331:
1376:"Smart Train Service Running On Limited Schedule Wednesday Through Nov. 6"
1048:"Map: Where Southern California Edison has cut power or is considering it"
912:"California utilities agree to pay $ 10.5 billion into new wildfire fund"
731:
229:
1637:
700:"'There is no recourse': Blackouts draw ire across Northern California"
1442:"PG&E Power Safety Shutoffs Could Continue for 10 Years, Says CEO"
1222:, Los Angeles Daily News, October 28, 2019, accessed October 29, 2019.
561:"PG&E shutting off power to 450,000 people in Northern California"
1493:"Admin Monitor - California - California Public Utilities Commission"
1150:"SDG&E Shutoffs: Nearly 19,000 Without Power In San Diego County"
1080:"Unprecedented California Blackout Ending as PG&E Restores Power"
835:"The 2010 Wildland-Urban Interface of the Conterminous United States"
438:
services were cancelled on October 28 and 29 due to loss of power at
260:
power lines, which under fault conditions can become a factor in the
1003:"SDG&E shuts off power to some East San Diego County residents"
673:"Wildfires rage in California as residents scramble without power"
539:"PG&E says 'essentially all' customers restored after outages"
284:
per mile, compared to overhead lines at about $ 800,000 per mile.
1251:
616:"Fearing Wildfires, PG&E Cuts Power to 500,000 in California"
406:
on October 11, 2019 , the Mission Operations Center (MOC) at the
98:
from October 9 to November 1, 2019, and on November 20, 2019, by
1634:"Dry, hot winds could trigger PG&E power shutoffs next week"
964:, Los Angeles Times, October 2, 2019, accessed October 28, 2019.
857:"The California Rule That Doomed PG&E: Inverse Condemnation"
538:
442:
throughout the system. Partial service as far north as Downtown
423:
228:
In addition to court cases in recent years and the evolution of
1354:"Service Advisory: All Trains Canceled for Tuesday, October 30"
1332:"Service Advisory: All Trains Canceled for Monday, October 28"
1154:
303:
148:
129:
For the state's largest utility, PG&E, to bury all of its
1507:"Technosylva 2019 PSPS Event Wildfire Risk Analysis Reports"
554:
552:
463:
October 2019. The risk analysis study found the following:
114:
from around the state also did preemptive power shutoffs.
344:
shut off power to approximately 400 customers in eastern
803:. New York NY: Manhattan Institute for Policy Research.
320:
165:
232:
which have made new standards of legal liability, the
340:
Several hundred miles to the south of San Francisco,
1395:
1393:
645:
Morris, J.D; Cabanatuan, Michael (October 9, 2019).
72:
64:
54:
44:
34:
1378:. SFGate. Bay City News Service. October 29, 2019
197:, responsible for a combined total of 95 deaths.
790:
788:
272:lines, and 240,000 miles (390,000 km) of
559:Reyes-Velarde, Alejandra (November 20, 2019).
90:that occurred in approximately 30 counties in
844:. Baltimore MD: US Department of Agriculture.
8:
29:
1605:"2019 PSPS Event –Wildfire Analysis Report"
1577:"2019 PSPS Event –Wildfire Analysis Report"
1549:"2019 PSPS Event –Wildfire Analysis Report"
1521:"2019 PSPS Event –Wildfire Analysis Report"
583:
581:
40:(1 month, 1 week and 4 days)
1106:
1104:
1102:
822:. Santa Rosa CA: Sonoma Media Investments.
191:October 2017 Northern California wildfires
28:
1435:
1433:
1670:October 2019 events in the United States
1440:White, Lisa-Pickoff (October 18, 2019).
905:
903:
640:
638:
636:
754:
752:
750:
748:
530:
119:California Public Utilities Commission
1414:from the original on October 22, 2019
1303:Sumagaysay, Levi (October 29, 2019).
773:from the original on October 15, 2019
726:Fedschun, Travis (October 10, 2019).
588:Phillips, Morgan (October 11, 2019).
499:2000–01 California electricity crisis
7:
38:October 9, 2019 – November 20, 2019
1046:Johnson, Nikie (October 10, 2019).
951:. Sacramento CA: McClatchy Company.
924:from the original on August 1, 2019
1680:Power outages in the United States
1400:Johnson, Bill (October 17, 2019).
1192:Morris, J. D. (October 27, 2019).
1111:Blume, Howard (October 19, 2019).
1078:Chediak, Mark (October 10, 2019).
759:Wilson, Janet (October 11, 2019).
698:Wilson, Scott (October 10, 2019).
614:Fuller, Thomas (October 9, 2019).
412:University of California, Berkeley
25:
974:Morris, J.D. (October 27, 2019).
888:from the original on June 2, 2019
855:Baker, David (January 15, 2019).
795:Meigs, James (October 11, 2019).
68:Wildfire risk due to strong winds
1675:Pacific Gas and Electric Company
1632:Graff, Amy (September 5, 2020).
1469:. NBC Bay Area. October 30, 2019
1269:Simon, Matt (October 17, 2019).
943:Bradford, Peter (May 31, 2018).
814:Johnson, Julie (June 18, 2018).
446:was restored the following day.
307:
152:
100:Pacific Gas and Electric Company
433:Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit
84:2019 California power shutoffs
30:2019 California power shutoffs
1:
910:Luna, Taryn (July 25, 2019).
18:2019 California power shutoff
874:Luna, Taryn (May 29, 2019).
863:. New York NY: Bloomberg LP.
514:List of California wildfires
414:oversaw the deployment of a
342:San Diego Gas & Electric
108:San Diego Gas & Electric
519:List of major power outages
1696:
384:Southern California Edison
104:Southern California Edison
1356:. SMART. October 28, 2019
1334:. SMART. October 27, 2019
1182:, CNBC, October 26, 2019.
820:Santa Rosa Press Democrat
653:. San Francisco Chronicle
504:2019 California wildfires
408:Space Sciences Laboratory
203:wildland–urban interface
1407:San Francisco Chronicle
1199:San Francisco Chronicle
981:San Francisco Chronicle
833:Martinuzzi, Sebastian.
651:San Francisco Chronicle
450:Potential fires averted
1053:Orange County Register
187:San Francisco Bay Area
94:and several areas in
509:Energy in California
215:inverse condemnation
1239:. October 11, 2019.
1139:, October 22, 2019.
705:The Washington Post
545:. November 1, 2019.
96:Southern California
92:Northern California
31:
1665:2019 in California
679:. October 10, 2019
620:The New York Times
543:ABC7 San Francisco
319:. You can help by
164:. You can help by
137:lines) would cost
131:distribution lines
1117:Los Angeles Times
1009:. October 9, 2019
917:Los Angeles Times
881:Los Angeles Times
842:US Forest Service
565:Los Angeles Times
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579:
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396:
382:By October 28,
333:
327:
324:
317:needs expansion
302:
293:
290:US$ 240 billion
289:
281:
277:
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211:
178:
172:
169:
162:needs expansion
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418:launched from
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357:
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350:Santa Ana wind
335:
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314:
312:
301:
298:
278:US$ 80 million
264:of wildfires.
253:
252:Undergrounding
250:
245:statutory laws
210:
207:
195:2018 Camp Fire
180:
179:
159:
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146:
143:
141:per customer.
88:power shutoffs
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481:Future events
480:
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436:commuter rail
434:
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331:
322:
318:
315:This section
313:
310:
306:
305:
299:
297:
292:, or roughly
285:
282:US$ 3 million
275:
271:
267:
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209:Legal setting
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160:This section
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404:backup power
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328:October 2019
325:
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316:
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274:distribution
270:transmission
258:above-ground
255:
227:
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173:October 2019
170:
166:adding to it
161:
135:transmission
128:
123:Gavin Newsom
116:
102:(PG&E),
83:
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59:Power outage
26:
1612:cpuc.ca.gov
1584:cpuc.ca.gov
1556:cpuc.ca.gov
1528:cpuc.ca.gov
1382:October 30,
1360:October 30,
1338:October 30,
1316:October 29,
1288:October 19,
1205:October 28,
1161:October 27,
1091:October 11,
1059:October 27,
1013:October 28,
987:October 27,
928:October 16,
892:October 16,
777:October 27,
737:October 14,
711:October 11,
683:October 10,
657:October 11,
625:October 11,
599:October 28,
237:legislature
106:(SCE), and
1659:Categories
525:References
444:Santa Rosa
294:US$ 15,000
145:Background
139:US$ 15,000
49:California
1473:April 21,
1283:1059-1028
1085:Bloomberg
1066:starting.
766:USA Today
440:crossings
416:satellite
1617:March 8,
1589:March 8,
1561:March 8,
1533:March 8,
1412:Archived
922:Archived
886:Archived
771:Archived
732:FOX News
677:CBS News
594:Fox News
493:See also
300:Timeline
262:ignition
241:Governor
239:and the
230:case law
193:and the
45:Location
1638:SF Gate
1168:47,500.
394:Impacts
376:month."
1281:
402:Under
73:Deaths
1608:(PDF)
1580:(PDF)
1552:(PDF)
1524:(PDF)
1275:Wired
838:(PDF)
65:Cause
1645:2020
1619:2023
1591:2023
1563:2023
1535:2023
1475:2020
1453:2020
1446:KQED
1420:2019
1384:2019
1362:2019
1340:2019
1318:2019
1290:2019
1279:ISSN
1207:2019
1163:2019
1124:2020
1093:2019
1061:2019
1015:2019
1007:KFMB
989:2019
930:2019
894:2019
779:2019
739:2019
713:2019
685:2019
659:2019
627:2019
601:2019
572:2019
424:NASA
363:off.
82:The
55:Type
35:Date
1155:MSN
410:at
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