2021 Hong Kong electoral changes

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election for the seventh term of office of the Legislative Council; to introduce certain measures to facilitate the conduct of Legislative Council elections, District Council elections, Election Committee subsector elections and Chief Executive elections; to introduce the requirements of signing a statutory declaration and written oath as prerequisites for being a member of the Election Committee; to introduce offences for certain conduct obstructing another person from voting, or inciting another person not to vote, or to cast an invalid vote, at an election; to make minor technical amendments; and to provide for related matters.

2726: 2847: 642:. Candidates for the office of the Chief Executive shall be nominated jointly by not less than 188 members of the Election Committee, among whom the number of members of each sector should be not less than 15. The Election Committee shall elect the Chief Executive designate by secret ballot on a one-person-one-vote basis. The election of the Chief Executive designate shall require a simple majority vote of all the members of the Election Committee. 627:. The Election Committee shall also be responsible for nominating candidates for the Chief Executive and LegCo members, as well as for other matters. The Election Committee shall be composed of 1,500 members from the following five sectors: industrial, commercial and financial sectors; the professions; grassroots, labour, religious and other sectors; LegCo members and representatives of district organizations; Hong Kong deputies to the 424:(CCP) being the premise and foundation for "Two Systems" which support and guarantee Hong Kong's capitalist system; safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests being the primary purpose of "One Country, Two Systems"; the central government's overall jurisdiction being the source of a high degree of autonomy; Hong Kong's legal system being incorporated into the constitutional order on the basis of the 2829:

functional constituencies and by directly elected geographical constituencies respectively, to the members returned by the Election Committee, and those returned by functional constituencies and by geographical constituencies through direct elections. A candidate for a geographical or functional constituency would have to be nominated by two but no more than four members from each sector of the Election Committee.

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subsector, while Medical and Health Services subsectors which had 30 seats each would also be merged into a 30-seat subsector. Some of the seats in the other pro-democratic strongholds would also be nominated rather than elected. For instances, half of 30 members of the newly created Technology and Innovation subsector would be nominated from among Hong Kong academicians of the

85:, and the Legislative Council were drastically revamped. The size of the Election Committee would be increased from 1,200 to 1,500 seats with a sizeable number of new seats which would be nominated and elected by the government-appointed and Beijing-controlled organisations. The Legislative Council would be increased from 70 to 90 seats where the currently 35 seats which were 2400: 2268: 2234: 2026: 1964: 1902: 1840: 1778: 1716: 1629: 1567: 1503: 1441: 1343: 1309: 1275: 1241: 1207: 1173: 1139: 1105: 1071: 1037: 1003: 969: 935: 901: 867: 833: 799: 2195: 2099: 2065: 4091: 4700: 3352:

narrow the room for the pro-democrats and discourage them from joining future elections. He believed that the vetting mechanism would be a form of political censorship that would ask candidates to start to compete over who would be more loyal to Beijing, instead of thinking of ideas that could make Hong Kong better.

3295:. He said if the reform bypassed the "five-step" procedure set by the NPCSC decision in 2004 which required the Chief Executive to submit a reform proposal to the NPCSC and passed by the two-thirds majority of the Legislative Council, the authority of the Basic Law would be undermined. Non-official convenor of the 3400:

voiced protest against the reform. "If enacted, such reform would have potentially far-reaching negative consequences for democratic principles and democratically elected-representatives in Hong Kong. It would also run counter to previous electoral reforms in Hong Kong and renege on the commitments,"

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accused the revamp of the electoral system "severely constrains people in Hong Kong from meaningfully participating in their own governance and having their voices heard" and by "decreasing Hong Kong residents' electoral representation will not foster long-term political and social stability for Hong

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said the electoral changes were "the biggest regression of the system since the handover" and "the authorities will do whatever they want, whenever they want, in a way that was unimaginable before." He criticised the changes to the electoral system that had been in use for the past two decades would

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criticised the screening of the executive branch on the candidates for the legislative branch would mean the government would have "total control on who will be allowed to serve in the legislature. This violates major principles of accountability. It won't be considered as any kind of free election

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shall be elected. The new electoral system was seen to further curb the advantages of the pro-democracy camp, as the opposition usually received 55 to 60 per cent of the popular vote and won more than half of the directly elected seats. Under the new system, the pro-Beijing minority would almost be

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After the passage of the national security law, the Beijing authorities began to stress the importance of "patriots governing Hong Kong." On 11 November 2020, the NPCSC adopted a decision which bars Legislative Council members from supporting Hong Kong independence, refusing to recognise Beijing's

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said the US would continue to "take action against egregious violations of democracy and human rights in Hong Kong." On 17 March, the US sanctioned an additional 24 Chinese and Hong Kong officials over the deep concern with the 11 March NPC decision to unilaterally undermine Hong Kong’s electoral

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An Ordinance to amend certain electoral legislation to improve the electoral system by revising the methods of forming the Election Committee, selecting the Chief Executive and forming the Legislative Council in accordance with Annexes I and II to the Basic Law; to specify the date of the general

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would be eliminated and replaced by "representatives of members of area committees", including members of the government-appointed District Fight Crime Committees and the District Fire Safety Committee of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and the New Territories who are appointed by the Director of Home

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passed the Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Bill 2021, the government unveiled the 765-page bill with more details of the future electoral system. A raft of changes to the Elections (Corrupt and Illegal Conduct) Ordinance would also include legislation to "regulate acts that

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The dual voting system was maintained, of which the passage of motions, bills or amendments to government bills introduced by individual members of the Legislative Council would have to require majority of votes from both of the two groups of members present, changed from the indirectly elected

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On the other hand, the seats of the traditional strongholds of the pro-democrats in the Second Sector of professions, including Education and Social Welfare subsectors, would be halved. The original Education and Higher Education subsectors which had 30 seats each would be merged into a 30-seat

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The National People's Congress on 11 March voted 2,895 in favour, zero against and one abstention, for the changes to Hong Kong electoral system. In addition to the tightening of the control of the Election Committee, a Chief Executive candidate would have to secure 188 nominations, at least 15

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group of nations expressed "grave concerns" at Beijing's move to "fundamentally erode democratic elements of the electoral system in Hong Kong." The statement also called on "China and the Hong Kong authorities to restore confidence in Hong Kong's political institutions and end the unwarranted

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said in a 12 March statement that Beijing's decision "will further undermine the confidence in the 'one country, two systems' framework, as provided for in the Hong Kong Basic Law and the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration" and Japan "cannot overlook" the major setback to the city's autonomy.

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A post of chief convener would be created for the Election Committee who shall be an Election Committee member who holds an office of state leadership. A candidate for the office of Chief Executive shall be nominated by not less than 188 members of the Election Committee, with not less than 15

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A candidate qualification review committee of the HKSAR shall be established. The committee shall be responsible for reviewing and confirming the qualifications of candidates for the Election Committee members, the Chief Executive, and the LegCo members. The HKSAR shall improve the system and

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stated an editorial that "for years, anti-China forces seeking to disrupt Hong Kong have been colluding with external forces in an attempt to seize the jurisdiction over Hong Kong, with clear goals and concrete actions," it reported. "Effective measures must be taken to block these pawns of

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said the dilution of elections in Hong Kong was the "latest step by Beijing to hollow out the space for democratic debate in Hong Kong, contrary to the promises made by China itself. He added that "this can only further undermine confidence and trust in China living up to its international

358:, despite the government warning of their potentially breaching the national security law as some of the candidates vowed to vote down the government budget in order to pressure the administration to respond to the demands of the protesters. Chief Executive Carrie Lam abruptly invoked the 3183:(CERC) to vet the candidates would be formed by a handful of principal officials as the chairperson and members of the committee, without giving much details. There were also concerns on the potential conflict of interest of a sitting Chief Executive who would also be the head of the 4708: 2825:

sure to win at least half of the 20 directly elected seats. The SNTV system will also require voters to coordinate among themselves which candidate they should elect among the same bloc, leading to coordination problems which is a disadvantage among the pro-democrats.

3184: 711: 95: 5458: 5124: 3457: 2681:, the total number of seats would be increased to 90 from 70, but the number of directly elected seats would be scrapped to 20 from 35, whereas the enlarged Election Committee would elect 40 seats in the Legislative Council. The territory-wide directly elected 576:. The Election Committee would also be given new powers to vet Legislative Council and District Council candidates. Wang said the new rules would fix the "loopholes" in Hong Kong's electoral system, which had allowed opposition activists who advocated for the 612:, ensure the administration of Hong Kong by Hong Kong people with patriots as the main body, effectively improve the governance efficacy of the HKSAR, and safeguard the right to vote and the right to stand for election of permanent residents of the HKSAR. 3367:

responsibilities and legal obligations." In a statement on 13 March, Raab said that "Beijing's decision to impose radical changes to restrict participation in Hong Kong's electoral system constitutes a further clear breach of the legally binding

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The breakthrough between the pro-democrats and the Beijing authorities did not stall the demand for the universal suffrage, instead created internal strife and fragmentations between different factions in the pro-democracy camp and the rise of

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The NPC Standing Committee is authorized to, in accordance with the decision on improving the electoral system of the HKSAR, amend Annex I: Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and

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sovereignty over Hong Kong, seeking help from "foreign countries or foreign forces to interfere in the affairs of the region" or committing "other acts that endanger national security", unseating the four sitting legislators, Alvin Yeung,

366:. However the decision was widely seen as the latest in a rapid series of aggressive moves by the Beijing authorities to thwart opposition momentum and neutralise the pro-democracy movement. The 55 organisers and candidates in the primary 679:

The Chief Executive of the HKSAR shall submit in a timely manner reports to the Central People's Government on relevant important situations including the institutional arrangements for elections of the HKSAR and the organization of the

5102: 568:(CE). The Election Committee would effectively dilute the number of directly elected Legislative Council members. The size of the Election Committee would also be increased to 1,500 members, filled with members of the Beijing-appointed 401: 245: 2566:. Up to half of the seats from the subsectors of Engineering, Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape, Education, Medical and Health Services, and Social Welfare would be elected by associations instead of individuals. 349:

to criminalise "separatism, subversion, terrorism and foreign interference" which many interpreted as a crackdown on civil liberties, government critics, and the independence movement. In July, the pro-democrats organised a

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the Election Committee. A new vetting mechanism would also be created to vet every candidate running for the Chief Executive, the Legislative Council and the Election Committee based on the approval of the Hong Kong

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In accordance with the decision and the Basic Law's Annex I and Annex II amended by the NPC Standing Committee, the HKSAR shall amend relevant local laws, and organize and regulate election activities accordingly.

3166:(EC) subsectors, where the individual voting in the pro-democracy leaning professions sector would be largely scrapped as stated in the NPCSC framework. The original 239,193 individual voters registered in the 2815:

system would be replaced by 10 geographical constituencies where two members would be returned by each geographical constituency. In each geographical constituency, a voter may only vote for one candidate as a

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would be increased from 1,200 to 1,500 seats. All of the 117-seat Hong Kong and Kowloon and New Territories District Councils subsectors on the committee which would have been held by the pro-democrats in the

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HKSAR deputies to the National People’s Congress (NPC), HKSAR members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), and representatives of relevant national

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said that Hong Kong could only maintain its long-term stability and security by ensuring "patriots governing Hong Kong" when he heard a work report delivered by Carrie Lam. On 1 March, HKMAO director

5119: 367: 340: 110: 3093:, as the reintroduction of the Election Committee seats to the Legislative Council meant that the new Election Committee had to be elected prior to the Legislative Council election. Meanwhile, the 3195:

The pro-Beijing-dominated Legislative Council voted on the 369 amendments tabled by the government, before passing the bill with 40-to-2 vote on 27 May 2021. The only two opposition legislators,

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and the Basic Law; Hong Kong's development being inseparable from and benefited from the mainland; and "patriotism" should be added before the core values of democracy, freedom and human rights.

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nominations from each of the five sectors in order to enter the race. The decision would also create a "qualification vetting system" for Hong Kong's electoral process to screen out candidates.

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which is broadly representative, suited to the HKSAR's realities, and representative of the overall interests of its society. The Election Committee shall be responsible for electing the

62:", according to the Chinese definition, govern Hong Kong. The reforms have been widely criticized for their negative impact on the democratic representation in the Hong Kong legislature. 3960: 188:(NPCSC) had repeatedly ruled out universal suffrage, first in 2004 and again in 2007. However, in the 2007 decision, NPCSC stated that the universal suffrage might be implemented in the 3565: 2559: 665:'s interpretation of Article 104 of the Basic Law, the NPC Standing Committee's decision on the qualification of HKSAR LegCo members, and provisions of relevant local laws of the HKSAR. 5107: 5092: 4975: 3710: 3612:

University presidents or chairpersons of the board of governors or the council of universities; and responsible persons of statutory bodies, advisory bodies and relevant associations.

581: 517: 355: 336: 2543: 569: 4384:"The Legislative Council House Committee Subcommittee on Decision of the National People's Congress on Improving the Electoral System of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" 5134: 3442: 3257: 3219:

Kong." He vowed that the United States would continue to united speaking out for the human rights and fundamental freedoms guaranteed to the people in Hong Kong with its allies.

3167: 3117: 3090: 632: 412:(HKMAO) stated that "patriots governing Hong Kong" had become a new "legal norm". He urged the "comprehensive and accurate understanding and implementation" of the principle of " 265: 5313: 5114: 5023: 5413: 5336: 3775: 3159:

manipulate or undermine elections", which would criminalise inciting people not to vote or cast blank or spoiled ballots. Violators could face up to three years in prison.

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anti-China forces from being elected to HKSAR’s governance architecture, and knock them out once and for all." In his annual work report to the National People's Congress,

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saying that all 167 members present had voted in favour of the amendments to Annex I and II of the Basic Law to revamp Hong Kong's electoral system. After the passage,

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The LegCo of the HKSAR shall be composed of 90 members in each term. Members of the LegCo shall include members returned by the Election Committee, those returned by

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Amendment to Annex II of the Basic Law – Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Its Voting Procedures

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added that "China is consciously dismantling the 'One Country, Two Systems' principle in violation of its international commitments and the Hong Kong Basic Law."

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members from each of the five sectors, meaning that anyone who would want to run for Chief Executive would have to get passed the Beijing-appointed Fifth Sector.

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which was widely seen as a response to his failure to advise the central government accurately about the vulnerability of pro-Beijing candidates at the election.

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Under the new annexes, a Candidate Eligibility Review Committee would be set up to vet the qualifications of candidates, based on the approval of the Hong Kong

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and pro-independence movement being suppressed, the democratic movement seemed to run out of steam. However, in the summer of 2019, the push of Chief Executive

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also backed the decision, claiming it would restore normalcy to Hong Kong by establishing a "peaceful and rational LegCo" and minimising unnecessary disputes.

604:" under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong with a high degree of autonomy, uphold the constitutional order in the HKSAR as established by the 34:

The Hong Kong Government unveiled the Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Bill, the local legislation for electoral reform, on 13 April 2021.

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supported the NPC decision, stressing the "pressing need" to plug legal loopholes to improve Hong Kong's electoral system ahead of two key elections of

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associations of Hong Kong residents in the mainland. A new 300-seat Fifth Sector would consist of the 190 seats including the Hong Kong deputies to the

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in the seminar of "patriots governing Hong Kong" stated that Hong Kong must establish a "democratic electoral system with Hong Kong characteristics."

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Representatives of Members of Area Committees, District Fight Crime Committees, and District Fire Safety Committees of Hong Kong Island and Kowloon

4825: 5271: 4918: 4148: 3452: 3143: 3094: 2578: 189: 47: 5397: 673:: Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Its Voting Procedures, to the Basic Law. 220:

laid by the NPCSC on 31 August 2014 dashed the hopes of the democracy activists striving for the right to direct elections, which triggered the

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it was necessary to have electoral reform so that the electoral system would be based on the principle of "patriots ruling Hong Kong." Former

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Representatives of Members of Area Committees, District Fight Crime Committees, and District Fire Safety Committees of the New Territories

658: 346: 332: 106: 4750: 4363:"Annex II – Method for the Formation of the Legislative Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Its Voting Procedures" 5508: 5299: 5052: 5047: 3447: 3322: 3130: 3086: 2690: 2617: 646: 580:

to be elected. Due to the new composition of the Legislative Council would be basis on the Election Committee elected in late 2021, the

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noted in an annual report on 12 March that there has been an "alarming political deterioration in Hong Kong." E.U. High Representative

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Amendment to Annex I of the Basic Law – Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

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mechanisms related to qualification review, to ensure that the qualifications of candidates are in conformity with the Basic Law, the

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under the national security law on 6 January 2021, making it the largest crackdown under the national security law since its passage.

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unveiled a draft resolution to "adjust and improve" Hong Kong's electoral system in the coming NPC session. Chinese state media

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signed Presidential Orders No. 75 and 76 to amend the Annex I and II of the Hong Kong Basic Law respectively on the same day.

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stated that "we will resolutely guard against and deter external forces' interference in the affairs of Hong Kong and Macau."

300: 143: 118: 5574: 5564: 5513: 5427: 5418: 5087: 5077: 4019: 3508: 3368: 3296: 3155: 2702: 2698: 2610: 2558:; while 15 of the 30-seat Accountancy subsector would be nominated from among Hong Kong accounting advisers appointed by the 2555: 2526: 2521: 616: 573: 363: 308: 304: 276: 205: 177: 165: 147: 122: 114: 3892: 639: 487:

Decision of the National People's Congress on Improving the Electoral System of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

4590:"Some 3,200 individual voters involved in selecting Hong Kong's powerful new election committee compared to 239,000 before" 5442: 3288: 3071: 670: 628: 499: 467: 383:

stated that Hong Kong could only maintain its long-term stability and security by ensuring "patriots governing Hong Kong".

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by taking over more than 80 per cent of the seats and seizing control of 17 of the 18 District Councils. In January 2020,

70: 43: 5057: 192:. As the 2012 electoral system being unchanged, the moderate democrats struck a deal with the Beijing authorities in the 5559: 4490: 3344: 3253: 3232: 3079: 2817: 2535: 2517: 620: 565: 312: 169: 82: 51: 3867:

Methods for Selecting the Chief Executive in 2017 and for Forming the Legislative Council in 2016 Consultation Document

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criticized the move as "a direct attack on Hong Kong's autonomy, Hong Kong's freedoms and the democratic processes."

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said that the overhaul would be a real touchstone of the principle of "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong", while

2546:(CPPCC), as well as 110 seats comprising representatives of "Hong Kong members of relevant national organisations". 5544: 5437: 5225: 320: 3823: 5190: 4936: 3416: 3314: 3265: 2808: 2682: 2614: 201: 86: 4000: 3637:, China Federation of Literary and Art Circles Hong Kong Member Association and Hong Kong Publishing Federation. 5210: 3277: 2694: 601: 413: 4807: 5518: 4535: 3655:

Nominated from among Hong Kong members of the Council of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies.

3212: 2531: 421: 221: 4037: 5539: 5387: 5322: 5205: 4447:"Annex I – Method for the Selection of the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region" 3578: 3437: 3390: 3292: 3208: 3075: 2722: 2706: 715: 662: 609: 577: 534: 225: 181: 99: 74: 4299:"BREAKING: Beijing unanimously approves Hong Kong election overhaul, reducing democratic representation" 3382: 3299: 3016: 2999: 2982: 213: 3756: 5549: 4626:"Interview: Election changes mark 'major regression' of democracy in Hong Kong, says analyst Ma Ngok" 4166: 3360: 3172: 5015: 4482: 3287:

suggested the reform could be done by amending local election laws without amending the Annex I and

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would be reduced to about 3,200 individuals in the overhauled system, according to the analysis by

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welcomed the reform. Former Chief Executive and vice chairman of the National Committee of the

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Improving the electoral system of the HKSAR must fully and faithfully implement the policy of "

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said the move was a "setback" for Hong Kong's progress on democratic development since 1997.

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said she stands by the principle of "patriots ruling Hong Kong" as it was the basis for the "

572:(CPPCC) and other pro-Beijing groups, replacing the seats elected by the democrat-controlled 5162: 4074:"Xi Focus: Xi stresses "patriots governing Hong Kong" when hearing Carrie Lam's work report" 3822: 3187:

could end up advising the CERC on the eligibility of a rival candidate. Political scientist

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oppression of those who promote democratic values and the defense of rights and freedoms."

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Public Offices (Candidacy and Taking Up Offices) (Miscellaneous Amendments) Ordinance 2021

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Public Offices (Candidacy and Taking Up Offices) (Miscellaneous Amendments) Ordinance 2021

4572:"Urging people to spoil or cast blank ballots in elections to become a crime in Hong Kong" 4224:"'Pressing need' to roll out electoral reform, Hong Kong leader Carrie Lam echoes Beijing" 3458:

Public Offices (Candidacy and Taking Up Offices) (Miscellaneous Amendments) Ordinance 2021

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received more than 15 per cent of the popular vote despite his loss to the pro-democratic

46:(NPC) on 11 March 2021 to "amend electoral rules and improve the electoral system" of the 4995: 4553: 3038:

Emergency (Date of General Election) (Seventh Term of the Legislative Council) Regulation

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Pro-democracy protesters marched on 13 January 2008 demanding universal suffrage by 2012.

4316: 3846: 224:. The democratic development in Hong Kong had stagnated since then, while a new wave of 4900: 4644:"Hong Kong lawmakers pass bill to revamp elections, reducing democratic representation" 3397: 3385: 3215: 405: 261: 5001:

A Layman's Guide to the Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Bill 2021

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set up a cross-party alliance to launch an online petition in support of the reform.

3334: 3273: 3196: 697: 564:(EC), the 1,200-member electoral college responsible for nominating and electing the 556:(LegCo) would be increased from 70 seats to 90 seats, with the reintroduction of the 397: 257: 4337: 3085:

announced the new timetable for the next three elections, by further postponing the

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The Chief Executive shall be elected by the Election Committee and appointed by the

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Responsible persons of statutory bodies, advisory bodies and relevant associations.

3363: 3284: 3246: 253: 233: 217: 4110:"China weighs measure for Hong Kong election panel to pick legislature candidates" 5291: 5199: 4826:"Foreign Secretary statement on radical changes to Hong Kong's electoral system" 3204: 2960: 439: 393: 316: 264:, who was backed by Edward Leung, were elected, but were soon disqualified over 241: 237: 4536:"Polling days set for HK's legislature, chief executive and election committee" 4001:"Hong Kong Delays Election, Citing Coronavirus. The Opposition Isn't Buying It" 3089:

from the originally scheduled September to December, swapping with the planned

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Allocation of seats and electoral methods of the Election Committee Subsectors

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might be delayed for another full year, according to the local media reports.

546: 478: 435: 389: 380: 373: 288: 4976:"Japan slams Beijing over electoral changes in Hong Kong, terms it 'setback'" 3776:"China moves to overhaul Hong Kong politics, squeezing democratic opposition" 4056:"Patriots governing Hong Kong now a legal norm: Chinese government official" 3851:

The Commissioner's Office of China's Foreign Ministry in the Hong Kong S.A.R

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Hong Kong members of the Committee for the Basic Law of the HKSAR under the

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HKSAR Deputies to the NPC and HKSAR Members of the CPPCC National Committee

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Making Votes Count: Strategic Coordination in the World's Electoral Systems

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and representatives of Hong Kong members of related national organizations.

299:. The protesters soon demanded genuine universal suffrage as one of their 4167:"China's Election Reforms Will Exclude Political Opposition in Hong Kong" 3078:, the SAR government began to roll out the local electoral legislation. 2411:

Representatives of Hong Kong Members of Relevant National Organisations

4245:"Beijing approves resolution to impose electoral overhaul on Hong Kong" 3188: 2822:

two candidates who obtain the highest numbers of votes in each district

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Representatives of Associations of Hong Kong Residents in the Mainland

718:(HKPF) of which its decision would be final and could not be appealed. 4483:"Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Ordinance 2021" 3934:"China Replaces Its Top Representative in Hong Kong With an Enforcer" 3847:"Full text of NPC decision on Hong Kong's constitutional development" 3179:

Chief Executive Carrie Lam also announced that the newly established

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which called for more confrontational approach for the movement. The

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Nominated from among Hong Kong Accounting Advisors appointed by the

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said that the new electoral system was a "regression in democracy."

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Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Ordinance 2021

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according to the review by the National Security Department of the

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according to the review by the National Security Department of the

5468: 4751:"China All but Ends Hong Kong Democracy With 'Patriots Only' Rule" 4203:"FACTBOX-Beijing's plans to shake up Hong Kong's electoral system" 3915:"Hong Kong court rules localist lawmakers must vacate Legco seats" 3801:"Xi Finalizes Hong Kong Election Changes, Cementing China Control" 2732: 2577: 2439: 372: 270: 151: 113:, were widely seen as a move to further curb the influence of the 29: 4958:"Hong Kong: G7 expresses 'grave concerns' over electoral changes" 4790:"Hong Kong: China approves 'patriotic' plan to control elections" 4491:

Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Gazette

4185:"China Abandons 24-Year Experiment With Open Hong Kong Elections" 4149:"Xi to Revamp Hong Kong Elections, Eliminate 'Anti-China Forces'" 3691:

Nominated by associations of Hong Kong residents in the Mainland.

2542:(NPC) and the Hong Kong members of the National Committee of the 683:

The decision shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.

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Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong

4554:"Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Bill 2021" 3824:"Demanding Loyalty, China Moves to Overhaul Hong Kong Elections" 3307:

Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong

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Pro-Beijing politician and former Legislative Council President

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After the passage of the NPCSC amendment to the Annex I and the

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was scrapped. Three new constituencies would be created, namely

533:

On 5 March 2021, National People's Congress (NPC) vice chairman

102:(HKPF) whose decision would be final and could not be appealed. 5295: 5019: 4131:"China NPC: Beijing set to overhaul Hong Kong electoral system" 3864:

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (2013).

3700:

Originally from the Fourth Sector, two subsectors are combined.

4919:"US sanctions 24 China and Hong Kong officials ahead of talks" 4808:"UK says Hong Kong electoral changes undermine trust in China" 3401:

the EU Office to Hong Kong and Macau said in a statement. The

2948:

Improving Electoral System (Consolidated Amendments) Bill 2021

725: 341:

2021 arrests of Hong Kong pro-democracy primaries participants

321:

Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong

4844:"UK says China noncompliant with Hong Kong joint declaration" 4281:"China adopts decision to improve Hong Kong electoral system" 3590:

Nominated from among Hong Kong members of the Council of the

2701:

would be eliminated, while another pro-democracy stronghold,

2685:"super seats" which were introduced by the government in its 2655:

Indirectly elected trade-based functional constituencies (30)

2626:

Indirectly elected trade-based functional constituencies (30)

416:". He stressed that one should see that "One Country" of the 4683:"Reform will weed out puppets of foreign forces, says Leung" 4018:

Wang, Vivian; Ramzy, Austin; May, Tiffany (5 January 2021).

3738:"China approves plan to veto Hong Kong election candidates" 3673:

Hong Kong and Kowloon District Councils subsector replaced.

3635:

Sports Federation and Olympic Committee of Hong Kong, China

3424: 105:

The electoral changes, which came after the passing of the

4429:"Who's in and out on new-look committee picking HK leader" 3305:

Major pro-Beijing parties and organisations including the

345:

In June 2020, the NPCSC unilaterally imposed the sweeping

4883:"China NPC: US condemns 'assault on Hong Kong democracy'" 4020:"Hong Kong Police Arrest Dozens of Pro-Democracy Leaders" 3485:

Former Hong Kong Chinese Enterprises Association renamed.

2697:

who might have been held by the pro-democrats due to the

109:

in June 2020 and the subsequent mass crackdown including

4772:"China passes Hong Kong election law despite US warning" 327:

National security law and "patriots governing Hong Kong"

168:

had been calling for genuine universal suffrage for the

2582:

Changes to the composition of the Legislative Council:

337:

postponement of the 2020 Hong Kong legislative election

307:

received a historic electoral landslide victory in the

244:. Leung and other pro-independence activists were then 4518:"Hong Kong expects to hold LegCo election in December" 2444:

Changes to the composition of the Election Committee:

134:

2019 anti-extradition protests and electoral landslide

4608:"I'll put community leaders on vetting committee: CE" 3682:

New Territories District Councils subsector replaced.

3443:

2021 Hong Kong Election Committee Subsector elections

3097:

would be held in March 2022 as originally scheduled.

631:, Hong Kong members of the National Committee of the 354:

to maximise their chance to obtain a majority in the

518:

Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

58:(LegCo), in order to ensure a system in which only " 5501: 5467: 5414:

White Paper on District Administration in Hong Kong

5406: 5380: 5329: 5264: 5239: 5161: 5152: 5065: 4727: 4725: 4677: 4675: 4423: 4421: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3503:Nominated from among Hong Kong academicians of the 3393:and Hong Kong delegate to the NPCSC Tam Yiu-chung. 3032: 3015: 2998: 2981: 2966: 2953: 2940: 2935: 2927: 2919: 2909: 2891: 2883: 2853: 2839: 513: 505: 495: 466: 452: 4859: 4857: 4332: 4330: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3664:Expanded from the size of the Legislative Council. 3337:and Hong Kong Basic Law Committee deputy director 3258:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 2544:Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 659:Law on Safeguarding National Security in the HKSAR 633:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 570:Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference 5216:Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions 5181:Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong 4357: 4355: 4353: 4351: 3603:Education and Higher Education subsectors merged. 3046:Elections (Corrupt and Illegal Conduct) Ordinance 2958:Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs 1789:Sports, Performing Arts, Culture and Publication 1514:Architectural, Surveying, Planning and Landscape 552:Local media reported that the composition of the 3774:Tian, Yew Lun; Zaharia, Marius (11 March 2021). 378:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party 4937:"EU slams proposed Hong Kong electoral reforms" 4662:"Blinken: HK poll revamp won't bring stability" 4402: 4400: 4239: 4237: 3821:Bradsher, Keith; Ramzy, Austin (4 March 2021). 218:decision on the constitutional reform framework 5454:Legislative Council (Amendment) Ordinance 2012 4952: 4950: 4830:Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office 4408:"Overhaul abolishes district council presence" 4125: 4123: 3646:Medical and Health Services subsectors merged. 3162:The bill also unveiled the composition of the 453:Decision on Improving HKSAR's Electoral System 5307: 5031: 4996:"Improve Electoral System" Government Website 4766: 4764: 4218: 4216: 3816: 3814: 3709:Initially scheduled on 6 September 2020, but 3468:District Council Eligibility Review Committee 3331:National People's Congress Standing Committee 694:National People’s Congress Standing Committee 418:socialist system with Chinese characteristics 319:was removed from his post as Director of the 196:in 2010 which allowed the enlargement of the 186:National People's Congress Standing Committee 67:National People's Congress Standing Committee 8: 3185:Committee for Safeguarding National Security 3101:Timetable for the 2021–2022 electoral cycle 712:Committee for Safeguarding National Security 275:Long queue outside a polling station in the 96:Committee for Safeguarding National Security 89:would be shrunk to 20 seats, while an extra 81:(EC), which is responsible for electing the 5135:2021 Election Committee Subsector elections 3168:2016 Election Committee Subsector elections 3118:2021 Election Committee subsector elections 582:postponed 2020 Legislative Council election 119:widespread anti-government protests of 2019 5314: 5300: 5292: 5158: 5038: 5024: 5016: 4558:Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau 4338:"中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法附件二香港特别行政区立法会的产生办法和表决程序" 3989:(in Traditional Chinese). 2 December 2019. 3494:Information Technology subsector replaced. 3280:" principle and should not be questioned. 2845: 458: 5449:Green Paper on Constitutional Development 5221:Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers 3327:Hong Kong Federation of Education Workers 3054:Electronic Transactions (Exclusion) Order 3052:Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal Ordinance 2725:with a much smaller electorate), and the 756: 623:designate and part of the members of the 5175:New Territories Association of Societies 4471:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 3147: 3099: 2141:Associations of Chinese Fellow Townsmen 761: 3757:"关于《全国人民代表大会关于完善香港特别行政区选举制度的决定（草案）》的说明" 3724: 3620: 3618: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3517: 3478: 3453:2022 Hong Kong Chief Executive election 2871: 2737:The 10 new geographical constituencies: 484: 364:recent resurgence of the COVID-19 cases 48:Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 4733:"Alliance launched to support changes" 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3463:Candidate Eligibility Review Committee 3181:Candidate Eligibility Review Committee 3091:Election Committee subsector elections 3040:Electoral Affairs Commission Ordinance 2836: 1974: 1912: 1850: 1788: 1726: 1639: 1577: 1513: 1451: 1389: 449: 200:(EC) and the creation of the five new 162:transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong 3885:"Divisions remain over DP compromise" 742: 402:invalidated by the returning officers 362:to postpone the election, citing the 356:upcoming Legislative Council election 230:2016 New Territories East by-election 7: 5283:7th Legislative Council of Hong Kong 5186:Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions 3311:Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions 2534:, as well as representatives of the 692:On 30 March 2021, local media cited 333:2020 Hong Kong national security law 5580:2021 Hong Kong legislative election 5509:Democratic development in Hong Kong 5053:2021 Hong Kong legislative election 3448:2021 Hong Kong legislative election 3323:Chinese General Chamber of Commerce 2211:Members of the Legislative Council 1320:Employers' Federation of Hong Kong 311:, inflicting a heavy defeat on the 140:Democratic development in Hong Kong 121:and the electoral landslide of the 3932:Bradsher, Keith (4 January 2020). 3624:Originally under the Third Sector. 3048:Chief Executive Election Ordinance 410:Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 194:2012 constitutional reform package 25: 5570:Political repression in Hong Kong 5073:2019–20 anti-extradition protests 3983:"戴耀廷倡「去中心化」雷動2.0 搶攻功能界別冀泛民佔立會過半" 3835:from the original on 9 July 2023. 3389:system, including NPC vice chair 3131:2021 Legislative Council election 297:unprecedented widespread protests 69:(NPCSC) amending the Annex I and 5143: 4391:Legislative Council of Hong Kong 3963:from the original on 3 June 2020 2914:Legislative Council of Hong Kong 2896: 2855:Legislative Council of Hong Kong 2420: 2399: 2398: 2386: 2350: 2319: 2288: 2267: 2266: 2254: 2233: 2232: 2220: 2193: 2183: 2152: 2121: 2097: 2087: 2063: 2053: 2025: 2024: 2014: 1987: 1963: 1962: 1952: 1925: 1901: 1900: 1890: 1863: 1839: 1838: 1828: 1801: 1777: 1776: 1766: 1739: 1715: 1714: 1704: 1677: 1652: 1628: 1627: 1617: 1590: 1566: 1565: 1555: 1528: 1502: 1501: 1491: 1464: 1440: 1439: 1429: 1402: 1365: 1342: 1341: 1331: 1308: 1307: 1297: 1274: 1273: 1263: 1240: 1239: 1229: 1206: 1205: 1195: 1172: 1171: 1161: 1138: 1137: 1127: 1104: 1103: 1093: 1070: 1069: 1059: 1036: 1035: 1025: 1002: 1001: 991: 968: 967: 957: 934: 933: 923: 900: 899: 889: 866: 865: 855: 832: 831: 821: 798: 797: 787: 596:The decision has nine articles: 293:amendment to the extradition law 40:2021 Hong Kong electoral changes 4901:"Hong Kong Autonomy Act Update" 2699:2019 District Council landslide 2663:Election Committee constituency 558:Election Committee constituency 360:Emergency Regulations Ordinance 352:territory-wide primary election 347:Hong Kong national security law 283:With pro-democrats infighting, 111:arrests of opposition activists 107:Hong Kong national security law 18:2021 Hong Kong electoral reform 5419:Sino-British Joint Declaration 5323:Electoral reforms in Hong Kong 5078:2019 District Council election 3891:. 20 June 2010. Archived from 3633:Nominated respectively by the 3509:Chinese Academy of Engineering 3369:Sino-British Joint Declaration 2556:Chinese Academy of Engineering 2482:2021 composition (1,500 seats) 2451:2016 composition (1,200 seats) 2194: 2098: 2064: 277:2019 District Council election 148:2019 Hong Kong local elections 123:2019 District Council election 1: 5555:Electoral reform in Hong Kong 5272:2022 Chief Executive election 3244:Legislative Council President 3144:2022 Chief Executive election 3095:next Chief Executive election 3042:Legislative Council Ordinance 2687:2010 electoral reform package 2574:Annex II: Legislative Council 1354:Small and Medium Enterprises 1082:Real Estate and Construction 615:The HKSAR shall establish an 208:and elected by popular vote. 204:seats to be nominated by the 190:2017 Chief Executive election 5407:Related laws & documents 4707:. 2021-03-12. Archived from 3087:Legislative Council election 2818:single non-transferable vote 1851:Medical and Health Services 420:under the leadership of the 232:, pro-independence activist 176:(LegCo) as enshrined in the 91:40 seats would be elected by 5103:Candidate disqualifications 4701:"跨界別建制派成立「連線」撐人大改變香港選舉制度決定" 3539:Individual voting replaced. 3505:Chinese Academy of Sciences 3333:(NPCSC) Hong Kong delegate 3044:District Councils Ordinance 2813:proportional representation 2809:geographical constituencies 2689:would be scrapped. For the 2647:geographical constituencies 2635:2021 composition (90 seats) 2601:geographical constituencies 2589:2016 composition (70 seats) 2560:Chinese Ministry of Finance 2552:Chinese Academy of Sciences 696:(NPCSC) Hong Kong delegate 651:geographical constituencies 640:Central People's Government 400:whose candidacies had been 285:Occupy activists imprisoned 5596: 5226:New Prospect for Hong Kong 2769:New Territories North West 2763:New Territories South West 2757:New Territories South East 2751:New Territories North East 2540:National People’s Congress 2520:election, the size of the 2410: 2376: 2340: 2309: 2278: 2244: 2210: 2171: 2140: 2109: 2075: 2042:Agriculture and Fisheries 2041: 1390:Technology and Innovation 1353: 1319: 1285: 1251: 1217: 1183: 1149: 1115: 1081: 1047: 1013: 979: 945: 911: 877: 843: 809: 775: 500:National People's Congress 468:National People's Congress 330: 250:September general election 180:and the Article 68 of the 144:2019–20 Hong Kong protests 137: 77:, the compositions of the 44:National People's Congress 5280: 5141: 4317:"国家主席习近平签署第七十五号、第七十六号主席令" 3951:Kuo, Lily (29 May 2020). 3423:Foreign ministers in the 3417:Japanese Foreign Ministry 3266:World Health Organization 3060: 3056:Travel Industry Ordinance 3037: 2860: 2844: 2807:For the directly elected 2719:Technology and Innovation 2691:functional constituencies 2683:District Council (Second) 2615:District Council (Second) 2416: 2382: 2368: 2346: 2315: 2284: 2250: 2216: 2202: 2177: 2146: 2115: 2081: 2047: 2033: 1977: 1971: 1915: 1909: 1853: 1847: 1791: 1785: 1729: 1723: 1642: 1636: 1580: 1574: 1516: 1510: 1454: 1448: 1392: 1386: 1381: 1359: 1325: 1291: 1257: 1223: 1189: 1155: 1121: 1087: 1053: 1019: 985: 951: 917: 883: 849: 815: 781: 767: 748: 745: 739: 736: 733: 728: 653:through direct elections. 647:functional constituencies 523: 473: 457: 408:, deputy director of the 309:District Council election 202:District Council (Second) 5211:Kowloon West New Dynamic 4905:U.S. Department of State 4498:(144): A539. 31 May 2021 3919:South China Morning Post 3278:One Country, Two Systems 2695:District Council (First) 2527:2019 electoral landslide 2110:Grassroots associations 722:Annex I: Chief Executive 602:one country, two systems 414:One Country, Two Systems 303:. In November 2019, the 266:their oath-taking manner 228:was on the rise. In the 5519:Liberalism in Hong Kong 5098:Pro-democracy primaries 3213:U.S. Secretary of State 2987:14 April 2021 2970:14 April 2021 2705:, would be merged with 2618:functional constituency 2532:Home Affairs Department 422:Chinese Communist Party 4092:"夏寶龍指反中亂港分子極端惡劣者需依法嚴懲" 3579:NPC Standing Committee 3438:Democratic backsliding 3154:On 13 April after the 3076:Basic Law of Hong Kong 2804: 2723:Information Technology 2711:Information Technology 2674: 2513: 716:Hong Kong Police Force 663:NPC Standing Committee 578:Hong Kong independence 384: 295:triggered a series of 280: 222:79-day Occupy protests 182:Basic Law of Hong Kong 157: 100:Hong Kong Police Force 75:Basic Law of Hong Kong 42:were initiated by the 35: 5575:Politics of Hong Kong 5565:Hong Kong legislation 5093:2020 electoral events 5083:National security law 5055: → 3383:US Secretary of State 3242:and Chief Executive. 3021:27 May 2021 3004:27 May 2021 2799:Hong Kong Island West 2793:Hong Kong Island East 2745:New Territories North 2736: 2581: 2443: 1286:Wholesale and Retail 844:Textiles and Garment 433:CCP general secretary 426:National Constitution 376: 274: 226:independence movement 155: 33: 27:Hong Kong legislation 4648:Hong Kong Free Press 4630:Hong Kong Free Press 4594:Hong Kong Free Press 4576:Hong Kong Free Press 4303:Hong Kong Free Press 4249:Hong Kong Free Press 3895:on 29 September 2012 3713:to 5 September 2021. 3361:UK Foreign Secretary 3209:Medical constituency 3173:Hong Kong Free Press 3050:High Court Ordinance 2887:Ordinance 14 of 2021 2611:District Councillors 912:Commercial (Second) 810:Industrial (Second) 574:District Councillors 431:On 27 January 2021, 206:District Councillors 5560:Hong Kong Basic Law 5153:Parties and groups 5051:← 4755:Wall Street Journal 4062:. 17 November 2021. 4044:. 12 November 2020. 3921:. 15 November 2016. 3853:. 29 December 2007. 3566:Ministry of Finance 3407:High Representative 3403:European Commission 3375:US State Department 3329:(HKFEW) and led by 3272:and CPPCC delegate 3254:pro-Beijing figures 3240:Legislative Council 3102: 2936:Legislative history 2679:Legislative Council 2613:, directly elected 1014:Financial Services 946:Commercial (Third) 878:Commercial (First) 776:Industrial (First) 554:Legislative Council 368:were later arrested 313:pro-Beijing parties 246:barred from running 174:Legislative Council 166:democratic movement 117:in the wake of the 56:Legislative Council 5514:Election Committee 5231:Professional Power 5196:New People's Party 4467:Cox, Gary (1992). 4080:. 27 January 2021. 4024:The New York Times 4005:The New York Times 3938:The New York Times 3829:The New York Times 3319:New People's Party 3164:Election Committee 3125:19 September 2021 3109:Original schedule 3100: 2892:Territorial extent 2805: 2715:Commercial (Third) 2675: 2530:Affairs under the 2522:Election Committee 2514: 1150:Import and Export 617:Election Committee 562:Election Committee 385: 281: 198:Election Committee 158: 115:pro-democracy camp 79:Election Committee 36: 5545:2021 in Hong Kong 5527: 5526: 5330:Electoral reforms 5289: 5288: 5260: 5259: 5247:Path of Democracy 5130:Electoral changes 5115:Mass resignations 5088:COVID-19 outbreak 5060: 5050: 4980:Business Standard 4228:The Straits Times 3755:王晨 (2021-03-05). 3592:China Law Society 3297:Executive Council 3156:Executive Council 3152: 3151: 3138:19 December 2021 3135:5 September 2021 3068: 3067: 2833:Local legislation 2673: 2672: 2645:Directly elected 2599:Directly elected 2564:China Law Society 2512: 2511: 2438: 2437: 1913:Chinese Medicine 531: 530: 404:earlier in July. 214:localist movement 16:(Redirected from 5587: 5381:Proposed reforms 5316: 5309: 5302: 5293: 5163:Pro-Beijing camp 5159: 5147: 5056: 5046: 5040: 5033: 5026: 5017: 4984: 4983: 4982:. 14 March 2021. 4972: 4966: 4965: 4964:. 13 March 2021. 4954: 4945: 4944: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4925:. 17 March 2021. 4923:Associated Press 4915: 4909: 4908: 4907:. 17 March 2021. 4897: 4891: 4890: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4871:. 13 March 2021. 4861: 4852: 4851: 4850:. 13 March 2021. 4840: 4834: 4833: 4832:. 13 March 2021. 4822: 4816: 4815: 4814:. 11 March 2021. 4804: 4798: 4797: 4796:. 11 March 2021. 4786: 4780: 4779: 4778:. 11 March 2021. 4768: 4759: 4758: 4757:. 11 March 2021. 4747: 4741: 4740: 4739:. 12 March 2021. 4729: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4716: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4679: 4670: 4669: 4658: 4652: 4651: 4640: 4634: 4633: 4632:. 18 April 2021. 4622: 4616: 4615: 4614:. 13 April 2021. 4604: 4598: 4597: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4578:. 13 April 2021. 4568: 4562: 4561: 4550: 4544: 4543: 4542:. 13 April 2021. 4532: 4526: 4525: 4524:. 30 March 2021. 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4487: 4479: 4473: 4472: 4464: 4458: 4457: 4456:. 30 March 2021. 4451: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4435:. 31 March 2021. 4425: 4416: 4415: 4414:. 30 March 2021. 4404: 4395: 4394: 4388: 4380: 4374: 4373: 4372:. 30 March 2021. 4367: 4359: 4346: 4345: 4334: 4325: 4324: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4305:. 30 March 2021. 4295: 4289: 4288: 4287:. 11 March 2021. 4277: 4271: 4270: 4269:. 11 March 2021. 4259: 4253: 4252: 4251:. 11 March 2021. 4241: 4232: 4231: 4220: 4211: 4210: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4163: 4157: 4156: 4145: 4139: 4138: 4127: 4118: 4117: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4052: 4046: 4045: 4034: 4028: 4027: 4015: 4009: 4008: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3979: 3973: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3948: 3942: 3941: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3911: 3905: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3872: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3826: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3807:. 30 March 2021. 3797: 3784: 3783: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3752: 3746: 3745: 3744:. 11 March 2021. 3734: 3714: 3707: 3701: 3698: 3692: 3689: 3683: 3680: 3674: 3671: 3665: 3662: 3656: 3653: 3647: 3644: 3638: 3631: 3625: 3622: 3613: 3610: 3604: 3601: 3595: 3588: 3582: 3575: 3569: 3562: 3556: 3553: 3540: 3537: 3512: 3501: 3495: 3492: 3486: 3483: 3345:Democratic Party 3270:director-general 3103: 3028: 3026: 3011: 3009: 2994: 2992: 2977: 2975: 2902: 2900: 2899: 2849: 2837: 2798: 2792: 2786: 2780: 2774: 2768: 2762: 2756: 2750: 2744: 2660: 2654: 2644: 2625: 2608: 2598: 2584: 2583: 2504:Ex-officio (377) 2503: 2497: 2491: 2473:Ex-officio (106) 2472: 2466: 2461:Elected (1,034) 2460: 2446: 2445: 2427: 2424: 2423: 2402: 2401: 2393: 2390: 2389: 2357: 2354: 2353: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2270: 2269: 2261: 2258: 2257: 2236: 2235: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2197: 2196: 2190: 2187: 2186: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2128: 2125: 2124: 2101: 2100: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2067: 2066: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2028: 2027: 2021: 2018: 2017: 1994: 1991: 1990: 1966: 1965: 1959: 1956: 1955: 1932: 1929: 1928: 1904: 1903: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1842: 1841: 1835: 1832: 1831: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1780: 1779: 1773: 1770: 1769: 1746: 1743: 1742: 1718: 1717: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1631: 1630: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1597: 1594: 1593: 1569: 1568: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1522: 1505: 1504: 1498: 1495: 1494: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1443: 1442: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1372: 1369: 1368: 1345: 1344: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1311: 1310: 1304: 1301: 1300: 1277: 1276: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1243: 1242: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1209: 1208: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1175: 1174: 1168: 1165: 1164: 1141: 1140: 1134: 1131: 1130: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1097: 1096: 1073: 1072: 1066: 1063: 1062: 1039: 1038: 1032: 1029: 1028: 1005: 1004: 998: 995: 994: 971: 970: 964: 961: 960: 937: 936: 930: 927: 926: 903: 902: 896: 893: 892: 869: 868: 862: 859: 858: 835: 834: 828: 825: 824: 801: 800: 794: 791: 790: 763: 758: 726: 688:NPCSC amendments 462: 450: 87:directly elected 50:(HKSAR) for its 21: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5585: 5584: 5530: 5529: 5528: 5523: 5497: 5463: 5402: 5376: 5325: 5320: 5290: 5285: 5276: 5256: 5235: 5155:in the election 5154: 5148: 5139: 5061: 5044: 4992: 4987: 4974: 4973: 4969: 4956: 4955: 4948: 4943:. 5 March 2021. 4935: 4934: 4930: 4917: 4916: 4912: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4889:. 5 March 2021. 4881: 4880: 4876: 4863: 4862: 4855: 4842: 4841: 4837: 4824: 4823: 4819: 4806: 4805: 4801: 4788: 4787: 4783: 4776:Financial Times 4770: 4769: 4762: 4749: 4748: 4744: 4731: 4730: 4723: 4714: 4712: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4689:. 5 March 2021. 4681: 4680: 4673: 4660: 4659: 4655: 4642: 4641: 4637: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4606: 4605: 4601: 4588: 4587: 4583: 4570: 4569: 4565: 4552: 4551: 4547: 4534: 4533: 4529: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4501: 4499: 4485: 4481: 4480: 4476: 4466: 4465: 4461: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4440: 4427: 4426: 4419: 4406: 4405: 4398: 4386: 4382: 4381: 4377: 4365: 4361: 4360: 4349: 4336: 4335: 4328: 4315: 4314: 4310: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4279: 4278: 4274: 4261: 4260: 4256: 4243: 4242: 4235: 4230:. 5 March 2021. 4222: 4221: 4214: 4209:. 5 March 2021. 4201: 4200: 4196: 4191:. 5 March 2021. 4183: 4182: 4178: 4173:. 5 March 2021. 4171:Radio Free Asia 4165: 4164: 4160: 4155:. 4 March 2021. 4147: 4146: 4142: 4137:. 5 March 2021. 4129: 4128: 4121: 4116:. 5 March 2021. 4108: 4107: 4103: 4090: 4089: 4085: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4054: 4053: 4049: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4017: 4016: 4012: 4007:. 31 July 2020. 3999: 3998: 3994: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3898: 3896: 3883: 3882: 3878: 3870: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3845: 3844: 3840: 3820: 3819: 3812: 3799: 3798: 3787: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3736: 3735: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3711:later postponed 3708: 3704: 3699: 3695: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3659: 3654: 3650: 3645: 3641: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3616: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3589: 3585: 3576: 3572: 3563: 3559: 3554: 3543: 3538: 3515: 3502: 3498: 3493: 3489: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3434: 3358: 3325:(CGCC) and the 3262:Leung Chun-ying 3252:Most prominent 3233:Chief Executive 3230: 3225: 3201:Cheng Chung-tai 3080:Chief Executive 3055: 3053: 3051: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3043: 3041: 3039: 3024: 3022: 3007: 3005: 2990: 2988: 2973: 2971: 2910:Enacted by 2897: 2895: 2879: 2876: 2870: 2869: 2835: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2781:Kowloon Central 2778: 2772: 2766: 2760: 2754: 2748: 2742: 2703:Health Services 2668: 2658: 2652: 2642: 2636: 2629: 2623: 2606: 2596: 2590: 2576: 2518:Chief Executive 2507: 2501: 2498:Nominated (156) 2495: 2489: 2483: 2476: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2425: 2421: 2391: 2387: 2355: 2351: 2324: 2320: 2293: 2289: 2259: 2255: 2225: 2221: 2188: 2184: 2157: 2153: 2126: 2122: 2092: 2088: 2058: 2054: 2019: 2015: 1992: 1988: 1975:Social Welfare 1957: 1953: 1930: 1926: 1895: 1891: 1868: 1864: 1833: 1829: 1806: 1802: 1771: 1767: 1744: 1740: 1709: 1705: 1682: 1678: 1657: 1653: 1622: 1618: 1595: 1591: 1560: 1556: 1533: 1529: 1520: 1496: 1492: 1469: 1465: 1434: 1430: 1407: 1403: 1370: 1366: 1336: 1332: 1302: 1298: 1268: 1264: 1234: 1230: 1200: 1196: 1166: 1162: 1132: 1128: 1098: 1094: 1064: 1060: 1030: 1026: 996: 992: 962: 958: 928: 924: 894: 890: 860: 856: 826: 822: 792: 788: 750: 724: 690: 649:, and those by 621:Chief Executive 594: 566:Chief Executive 560:elected by the 491: 488: 483: 482: 448: 343: 331:Main articles: 329: 170:Chief Executive 150: 138:Main articles: 136: 131: 83:Chief Executive 52:Chief Executive 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5593: 5591: 5583: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5532: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5505: 5503: 5502:Related topics 5499: 5498: 5496: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5474: 5472: 5465: 5464: 5462: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5421: 5416: 5410: 5408: 5404: 5403: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5384: 5382: 5378: 5377: 5375: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5339: 5333: 5331: 5327: 5326: 5321: 5319: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5296: 5287: 5286: 5281: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5268: 5266: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5255: 5254: 5249: 5243: 5241: 5237: 5236: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5167: 5165: 5156: 5150: 5149: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5117: 5112: 5111: 5110: 5105: 5100: 5090: 5085: 5080: 5075: 5069: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5045: 5043: 5042: 5035: 5028: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4991: 4990:External links 4988: 4986: 4985: 4967: 4946: 4941:Deutsche Welle 4928: 4910: 4892: 4874: 4853: 4848:Deutsche Welle 4835: 4817: 4799: 4781: 4760: 4742: 4721: 4692: 4671: 4668:. 28 May 2021. 4653: 4650:. 27 May 2021. 4635: 4617: 4599: 4581: 4563: 4545: 4527: 4509: 4474: 4459: 4438: 4417: 4396: 4375: 4347: 4326: 4308: 4290: 4272: 4254: 4233: 4212: 4194: 4176: 4158: 4140: 4119: 4101: 4083: 4065: 4047: 4029: 4010: 3992: 3974: 3943: 3924: 3906: 3876: 3856: 3838: 3810: 3785: 3766: 3747: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3715: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3666: 3657: 3648: 3639: 3626: 3614: 3605: 3596: 3583: 3570: 3557: 3541: 3513: 3496: 3487: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3471: 3470: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3440: 3433: 3430: 3398:European Union 3386:Antony Blinken 3357: 3354: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3216:Antony Blinken 3150: 3149: 3148:27 March 2022 3146: 3140: 3139: 3136: 3133: 3127: 3126: 3123: 3122:December 2021 3120: 3114: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3066: 3065: 3058: 3057: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3029: 3019: 3013: 3012: 3002: 3000:Second reading 2996: 2995: 2985: 2979: 2978: 2968: 2964: 2963: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2945: 2938: 2937: 2933: 2932: 2929: 2925: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2893: 2889: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2877: 2873: 2863: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2842: 2841: 2834: 2831: 2803: 2801: 2800: 2794: 2788: 2782: 2776: 2770: 2764: 2758: 2752: 2746: 2739: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2667: 2666: 2661:Newly created 2656: 2650: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2621: 2604: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2575: 2572: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2506: 2505: 2499: 2493: 2492:Elected (967) 2486: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2474: 2468: 2467:Nominated (60) 2462: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2436: 2435: 2430: 2428: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2409: 2405: 2404: 2396: 2394: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2370: 2366: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2348: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2335: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2303: 2298: 2296: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2277: 2273: 2272: 2264: 2262: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2245:Heung Yee Kuk 2243: 2239: 2238: 2230: 2228: 2218: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2203:Fourth Sector 2200: 2199: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2129: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2095: 2085: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2069: 2061: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2036: 2035: 2031: 2030: 2022: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2003: 2002: 1997: 1995: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1960: 1950: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1933: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1907: 1906: 1898: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1879: 1878: 1873: 1871: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1845: 1844: 1836: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1817: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1774: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1721: 1720: 1712: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1693: 1692: 1687: 1685: 1675: 1672: 1668: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1650: 1647: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1634: 1633: 1625: 1615: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1605: 1600: 1598: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1572: 1571: 1563: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1526: 1523: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1508: 1507: 1499: 1489: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1479: 1474: 1472: 1462: 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1437: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1410: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1384: 1383: 1382:Second Sector 1379: 1378: 1373: 1363: 1361: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1348: 1347: 1339: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1318: 1314: 1313: 1305: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1287: 1284: 1280: 1279: 1271: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1237: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1212: 1211: 1203: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1178: 1177: 1169: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1135: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1101: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1075: 1067: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1042: 1041: 1033: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1008: 1007: 999: 989: 987: 984: 981: 978: 974: 973: 965: 955: 953: 950: 947: 944: 940: 939: 931: 921: 919: 916: 913: 910: 906: 905: 897: 887: 885: 882: 879: 876: 872: 871: 863: 853: 851: 848: 845: 842: 838: 837: 829: 819: 817: 814: 811: 808: 804: 803: 795: 785: 783: 780: 777: 774: 770: 769: 765: 764: 759: 753: 752: 747: 744: 741: 738: 735: 731: 730: 723: 720: 689: 686: 685: 684: 681: 677: 674: 666: 654: 643: 636: 613: 593: 590: 529: 528: 521: 520: 515: 511: 510: 507: 503: 502: 497: 496:Passed by 493: 492: 490: 489: 486: 476: 475: 474: 471: 470: 464: 463: 455: 454: 447: 444: 406:Zhang Xiaoming 328: 325: 301:five key goals 262:Youngspiration 135: 132: 130: 127: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5592: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5540:2021 in China 5538: 5537: 5535: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5500: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5466: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5411: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5383: 5379: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5334: 5332: 5328: 5324: 5317: 5312: 5310: 5305: 5303: 5298: 5297: 5294: 5284: 5279: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5263: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5238: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5191:Liberal Party 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5176: 5172: 5169: 5168: 5166: 5164: 5160: 5157: 5151: 5146: 5136: 5133: 5131: 5128: 5126: 5123: 5121: 5118: 5116: 5113: 5109: 5106: 5104: 5101: 5099: 5096: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5089: 5086: 5084: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5070: 5068: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5041: 5036: 5034: 5029: 5027: 5022: 5021: 5018: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4993: 4989: 4981: 4977: 4971: 4968: 4963: 4959: 4953: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4914: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4896: 4893: 4888: 4884: 4878: 4875: 4870: 4866: 4860: 4858: 4854: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4813: 4809: 4803: 4800: 4795: 4791: 4785: 4782: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4765: 4761: 4756: 4752: 4746: 4743: 4738: 4734: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4711:on 2021-03-12 4710: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4693: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4676: 4672: 4667: 4663: 4657: 4654: 4649: 4645: 4639: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4618: 4613: 4609: 4603: 4600: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4582: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4564: 4559: 4555: 4549: 4546: 4541: 4537: 4531: 4528: 4523: 4519: 4513: 4510: 4497: 4493: 4492: 4484: 4478: 4475: 4470: 4463: 4460: 4455: 4448: 4442: 4439: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4409: 4403: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4371: 4364: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4348: 4344:. 2021-03-30. 4343: 4339: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4323:. 2021-03-30. 4322: 4318: 4312: 4309: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4276: 4273: 4268: 4264: 4258: 4255: 4250: 4246: 4240: 4238: 4234: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4204: 4198: 4195: 4190: 4186: 4180: 4177: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4144: 4141: 4136: 4132: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4115: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4098:. 2021-03-01. 4097: 4093: 4087: 4084: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4066: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4048: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4030: 4025: 4021: 4014: 4011: 4006: 4002: 3996: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3978: 3975: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3928: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3910: 3907: 3894: 3890: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3869: 3868: 3860: 3857: 3852: 3848: 3842: 3839: 3834: 3830: 3825: 3817: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3802: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3786: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3767: 3762: 3758: 3751: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3725: 3719: 3712: 3706: 3703: 3697: 3694: 3688: 3685: 3679: 3676: 3670: 3667: 3661: 3658: 3652: 3649: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3630: 3627: 3621: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3606: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3574: 3571: 3567: 3561: 3558: 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3542: 3536: 3534: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3497: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3464: 3461: 3459: 3456: 3454: 3451: 3449: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3412: 3411:Josep Borrell 3408: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3387: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3370: 3365: 3362: 3356:International 3355: 3353: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3335:Tam Yiu-chung 3332: 3328: 3324: 3320: 3316: 3315:Liberal Party 3312: 3308: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3274:Margaret Chan 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3234: 3227: 3222: 3220: 3217: 3214: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3198: 3197:Civic Passion 3193: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3160: 3157: 3145: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3128: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3112:New schedule 3111: 3108: 3105: 3104: 3098: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3081: 3077: 3073: 3063: 3059: 3036: 3031: 3020: 3018: 3017:Third reading 3014: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2986: 2984: 2983:First reading 2980: 2969: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2954:Introduced by 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2939: 2934: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2905: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2872: 2868: 2867: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2832: 2830: 2826: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2810: 2795: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2753: 2747: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2731: 2729: 2728:organisations 2724: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2664: 2657: 2651: 2648: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2633: 2632: 2622: 2619: 2616: 2612: 2609:Nominated by 2605: 2602: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2587: 2586: 2585: 2580: 2573: 2571: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2519: 2500: 2494: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2480: 2479: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2456: 2454: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2442: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2406: 2397: 2395: 2385: 2379: 2373: 2372: 2369:Fifth Sector 2367: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2349: 2343: 2337: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2318: 2312: 2306: 2305: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2287: 2281: 2275: 2274: 2265: 2263: 2253: 2247: 2241: 2240: 2231: 2229: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2201: 2192: 2182: 2180: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2151: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2120: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2105: 2096: 2086: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2071: 2062: 2052: 2050: 2044: 2038: 2037: 2034:Third Sector 2032: 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