196:
50:
207:
181:
4406:
551:
544:
233:
419:
916:
in "a state of continuous session" throughout the period of the extraordinary measures, and does not permit its suspension. Additionally, the constitution mandates that such measures be taken after consultation with the Prime
Minister and Speaker of Parliament, which Saied claims to have done by phone. However, Ghannouchi denied that he was consulted.
1027:
letter from Abir Moussi, she suffers from degrading treatment and from severe pain in many parts of her body due to her being physically assaulted by policemen during her arrest. Moussi accused the prison's authorities of refusing to treat her, limiting their reaction to just giving her some sedatives..
1039:
On 1 June 2022, Saied dismissed 57 judges and prosecutors for alleged corruption and "hindering the pursuit of those suspected in terrorism cases". Despite a court order in August that ruled in favour of reinstating 49 of those dismissed, the Saied-appointed justice minister announced the preparation
929:
Outside the parliament building, clashes broke out between pro- and anti-Saied protestors. The day after the coup, Saied imposed a month-long curfew prohibiting the movement of people and cars between cities as well as public gatherings of more than three people. In spite of an official ban, sporadic
1026:
while trying to get legal documents from the registry office of the presidency of the republic, two days later a judge ordered her imprisonment; she has since been in the women's prison in
Mannouba. Two weeks later, thousands took to the streets of Tunis to denounce her arrest. According to a public
915:
Saied justified his decision to adopt the measures by invoking
Article 80 of the Tunisian constitution, which allows the president to take extraordinary measures if the nation's institutions, security or independence are threatened. However, the constitution states that the parliament should remain
730:
The next day after the coup, Mechichi released a statement on social media in which he announced that he would hand over authority to the next prime minister the
President chooses, saying that he won't "play an obstructive role in complicating the situation in Tunisia" and that he will "continue to
870:
were also supportive, with influential voices in the three countries celebrating the coup as a "blow to political Islam". Officially, there was no reaction from Egypt and the UAE while Saudi Arabia declared support for "everything that would help achieve" security, stability and prosperity for
738:
Ghannouchi, on the other hand, immediately rejected Saied's decisions and said that he would call a parliamentary session in defiance of the
President, whose move he called a "full-fledged coup". However, the military blocked Ghannouchi from entering the parliament building, so he led a sit-in
631:
Saied and
Mechichi also differed on their interpretations of the constitutional authorities of the president and prime minister, primarily the amount of influence the president is given on the government's operation. Saied was also in a stalemate with the country's legislative body, the
1010:
has been summoned by courts several times including in July 2022 and
November 2022 for money laundering, and in February 2023 for "inciting Tunisians to kill each other". Ghannouchi has denied the allegations, insisting that they are meant to divert attention from "the real problems".
672:
spread across the country against economic mismanagement and the response to COVID-19 and calling for the resignation of the government and the dissolution of the parliament. In some instances, these protests turned violent, and on 25 July, protestors attacked
Ennahda's offices in
2067:
971:, and the judiciary. The draft was criticised as undemocratic. A referendum to approve the draft, held on 25 July 2022, the first anniversary of the coup, saw 94.6% of valid ballots approving the draft, but turnout was only 30.5% after most of the opposition called for a boycott.
1035:
Since the coup, several judges have been banned from travelling or placed under house arrest without approval from the
Supreme Judicial Council. The council, which was tasked with ensuring judicial independence and disciplining judges, was dissolved by Saied on 6 February 2022.
735:(MEE) reported that Mechichi was physically assaulted and forced to resign. This was denied by Mechichi, but the MEE "stood by its report". Mechichi's first public appearance came eleven days after the coup at the Tunisian anti-corruption agency to declare his properties.
979:
Since 25 July 2021, a number of parliamentarians and activists have been prosecuted for denouncing the president's actions. On 30 July 2021, Yassin Ayari, a member of parliament and a critic of Saied, was arrested at his house by security forces. On 17 September 2021,
945:
and suspend constitutional provisions that go against the extraordinary measures. He also announced his intention to appoint a committee to draft amendments to the constitution, and said that members of parliament will no longer receive their salaries.
2438:
726:
Many
Tunisians initially supported the move, with tens of thousands taking to the streets to celebrate the coup soon after its announcement. However, economic downturn since reduced the popularity of Saied and the new constitution.
713:, Saied warned "any who think of resorting to weapons". Hours later, military forces were deployed to barricade the parliament's headquarters, preventing Ghannouchi and other parliamentarians from entering the building.
3403:
1741:
697:
On the night of 25 July 2021, Saied announced in a televised address the adoption of "extraordinary measures", namely the dismissal of the government, the suspension of parliament and the lifting of its members'
643:
Saied demanded that Mechichi resign in order for dialogue to take place, but the latter refused to step down, stating that he was "responsible for salvaging a country gripped by political and economic woes".
3196:
1074:
have documented several restrictions imposed on journalists since the coup. The violations documented included illegal censorship, repression, arbitrary detention, and security and judicial prosecution.
2446:
374:
The day after the self-coup, Saied imposed a month-long curfew from 7 p.m. to 6 a.m. After the 30-day period expired, Saied extended the period of his measures "until further notice". In October,
960:
On 20 March 2022, Saied dissolved the Parliament, which had been frozen for eight months, after members arranged an online session in which they voted against Saied's extraordinary measures.
2119:
816:, initially supported the coup, but the relationship between Saied and the UGTT soured, with the UGTT repeatedly voicing concerns about Saied's commitment to preserving rights and freedoms.
2208:
3532:
1482:
893:. Tunisia had requested a three-year $ 4 billion loan "to help stabilise its balance of payments position after its current account deficit widened to 7.1 percent of GDP last year."
4471:
4481:
875:
issued a statement urging Tunisia to "restore stability and calm and the state’s ability to work effectively to respond to the aspirations and requirements of the people".
4358:
4001:
1780:
1757:
1161:
1421:
899:
asked the government to "publicly commit to respecting and protecting human rights, including the rights to freedom of expression, association and peaceful assembly".
4313:
3976:
3815:
3956:
1715:
3301:
3434:"Great for Constitution Writing but an Obstacle to Democratic Consolidation: The Ephemeral Value of the Hare Quota Formula in Tunisia's Parliamentary Elections"
1656:
633:
348:
238:
121:
4301:
3170:
3249:
2858:
2343:
2094:
4466:
1989:
1504:
490:
399:
4296:
3617:
2662:
3936:
3652:
3647:
2721:
941:
On 24 August 2021, Saied announced the extension of the extraordinary measures "until further notice". On 22 September 2021, he announced that he would
1089:
3695:
2530:
2695:
3800:
2582:
2611:
1067:
879:
500:
480:
395:
145:
3089:
1937:
2198:
3916:
4328:
4202:
3145:
2637:
1620:
1370:
3745:
3708:
3703:
2832:
1832:
3730:
2885:
1686:
4461:
4281:
2556:
2017:
1474:
577:
155:
4127:
3971:
2987:
2773:
2369:
3275:
2910:
991:, deputy head of Ennahda, was arrested over accusations of terrorism. On 2 January 2022, he was transferred to a hospital after going on
3996:
3567:
Tamburini, Francesco (2022). "'How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Autocracy': Kais Saied's "Constitutional Self-Coup" in Tunisia".
1320:
1266:
505:
470:
2472:
666:. On 8 July 2021, the Health Ministry said that the country's health system has "collapsed under the weight of the COVID-19 pandemic".
4486:
3755:
1591:
782:
245:
4056:
4021:
3750:
3119:
2042:
1534:
967:, which introduced sweeping changes and increased the power of the presidency at the expense of the legislature, which he split into
824:
Several countries and supranational bodies reacted with concern to the coup and encouraged a swift return to normal order, including
1857:
1806:
4207:
3901:
2145:
3377:
3326:
628:
rejected the reshuffle, claiming that the proposed ministers of health, energy, employment and sports have conflicts of interest.
4120:
3880:
3860:
3855:
3835:
3404:"'Reporting under the Weight of Fear': Euro-Med Monitor, Journalists for Human Rights report violations against press in Tunisia"
2505:
1292:
662:
The standoff between the president and prime minister paralysed the government, contributing to the state's poor response to the
2799:
2413:
4410:
4353:
4318:
4308:
4102:
3870:
3642:
4338:
4333:
4286:
4222:
4152:
4087:
4071:
4016:
3875:
3840:
3775:
3735:
3610:
4348:
4343:
4197:
4187:
4066:
3951:
2936:
1315:
1313:
4268:
4253:
4061:
3991:
3885:
3790:
3785:
3690:
3675:
220:
3352:
3038:
1345:
4263:
4243:
4115:
4107:
4041:
3961:
3911:
3850:
3810:
3805:
3670:
809:
485:
2747:
1562:
4451:
4092:
3941:
3906:
3825:
2260:
2234:
1071:
890:
663:
653:
368:
97:
4011:
4182:
3926:
3765:
3197:"Tunisie : l'opposante Abir Moussi rassemble à Tunis plusieurs milliers de personnes dénonçant son incarcération"
886:
813:
4167:
4031:
3680:
2285:
2173:
1647:
885:
called on both sides to "exercise restraint, refrain from violence and ensure that the situation remains calm". The
4456:
4363:
4258:
4227:
4217:
4132:
4097:
4036:
3986:
3795:
3780:
3740:
3723:
3603:
3222:
1963:
1883:
778:
260:
4323:
4192:
4172:
4162:
4147:
4137:
4026:
3981:
3946:
3931:
3921:
3865:
3820:
798:
131:
1742:"Tunisia's fledgling democracy, sole survivor of the Arab Spring, in crisis as president takes emergency powers"
856:
backing "Tunisia’s efforts to maintain the North African country’s stability from the influence of extremists".
4436:
4431:
4177:
4157:
3845:
3760:
3685:
1059:
570:
1136:
49:
4248:
4142:
3830:
3718:
1053:
984:, another parliamentarian, was arrested. He was later sentenced by a military court to 14 months in prison.
964:
933:
In January 2022, a protester died of wounds he sustained during a crackdown on protests by security forces.
903:
said that the Saied's move implicitly revoked the constitutional order and that it was a first step towards
495:
391:
210:
141:
702:. Saied said that he would assume executive authority with a new prime minister, and also declared himself
206:
4446:
4441:
4046:
3770:
1084:
699:
669:
657:
360:
352:
87:
709:
In the announcement, which came after meeting between Saied and his top advisors and security leaders at
4212:
2286:"Influential voices in Egypt, Saudi Arabia and UAE celebrate Tunisia turmoil as blow to political Islam"
1019:
896:
215:
200:
4051:
4006:
1396:
867:
637:
550:
463:
337:
186:
3595:
1239:
1214:
4476:
2318:
1908:
981:
882:
759:
636:, on their respective constitutional powers. Normally, such disagreements would be resolved by the
563:
2395:
3584:
3555:
3519:
3482:
3453:
1041:
1000:
953:
to the premiership. Although this made her the first female prime minister in Tunisia and in the
900:
770:
402:
in December 2022 and January 2023 which were also boycotted by a large sector of the population.
3063:
762:, also rejected the coup, calling it "the beginning of slipping into an even worse situation".
4394:
4385:
3626:
3511:
2807:
2670:
2480:
2293:
1749:
1110:
1007:
790:
747:
674:
621:
614:
306:
255:
17:
1321:"Tunisia: An overlapping political and constitutional crisis | Al Jazeera Centre for Studies"
3576:
3547:
3503:
3474:
3445:
2774:"Tunisia's Kais Saied reveals draft of new constitution with sweeping changes to government"
988:
904:
794:
751:
703:
596:
344:
151:
91:
3465:
Moncef Khaddar, M. (2023). "Tunisian democratisation: dashed hopes between 2010 and 2022".
1023:
755:
732:
710:
602:
513:
317:
117:
2833:"Tunisia: Saied backpedals in the face of criticism, corrects his proposed constitution"
1716:"Tunisian Democracy Seen as Vulnerable After President Fires PM and Suspends Parliament"
3966:
996:
942:
841:
781:
adopted a position against the coup. In May 2022, another coalition was announced, the
379:
135:
1884:"Tunisia coup: Deposed PM denies being beaten before he resigned, reports local media"
1781:"Supporters of Tunisian president celebrate government ousting with cheers, fireworks"
4425:
3588:
3559:
3523:
3486:
3457:
1422:"Leading Ennahda figure attacks Al Arabiya, Al Hadath over Tunisia protests coverage"
1003:. He was released in March 2022. However, he was arrested again on 13 February 2023.
992:
853:
845:
520:
2506:"Night curfew imposed, work at government offices suspended for two days in Tunisia"
1648:"Tunisia's president fires prime minister, dismisses government, freezes parliament"
543:
968:
950:
863:
534:
375:
294:
127:
3551:
3478:
3449:
3250:"Tunisia: Banning judges from traveling raises fears of undermining the judiciary"
3064:"Tunisian police arrest Noureddine Bhiri, a prominent opponent of president Saied"
2370:"Joint Statement: Tunisia: Unprecedented Confiscation of Power by the Presidency"
1187:
367:-backed government and the collapse of the Tunisian healthcare system amidst the
2696:"Tunisia's president appoints Najla Bouden Romdhane as country's first woman PM"
2531:"Tunisian opposition defies protest ban, hundreds demonstrate against president"
2203:
2120:"Tunisia election: Powerful UGTT union is distancing itself from the government"
1162:"Tunisia's parliament approves technocratic government of PM-designate Mechichi"
1015:
872:
774:
606:
41:
3580:
954:
625:
455:
450:
433:
418:
387:
340:
283:
113:
3515:
2811:
2674:
2484:
2297:
2068:"تعرف على جبهة الخلاص الوطني.. هيئات تعمل لـ"إنقاذ" تونس من إجراءات قيس سعيد"
1753:
4398:
4377:
3630:
2663:"Tunisia's president to ignore parts of the constitution and rule by decree"
1938:"Ennahda's Ghannouchi vows to fight 'coup' threatening Tunisia constitution"
766:
356:
2583:"Tunisia's president extends suspension of parliament until further notice"
3507:
2344:"Arab League urges Tunisia to quickly get through current turbulent phase"
1942:
Ennahda's Ghannouchi vows to fight 'coup' threatening Tunisia constitution
1858:"Tunisia's prime minister 'beaten up' in palace before agreeing to resign"
2095:"Tunisian President Kais Saied vows 'zero tolerance' of referendum fraud"
1505:"Tunisian president sacks PM, suspends parliament after violent protests"
802:
2439:"Tunisia: president removes government, says it's not a coup - Politics"
1293:"EXCLUSIVE: Tunisian prime minister was assaulted in palace before coup"
3302:"Tunisian President Kais Saied sacks 57 judges over alleged corruption"
1040:
of criminal cases against the dismissed judges, drawing criticism from
833:
786:
743:
610:
383:
364:
250:
74:
2018:"Political parties decry Tunisia 'coup' as crowds celebrate on street"
3171:"Tunisian judge orders imprisonment of opposition leader Abir Moussi"
2800:"Tunisia's President Drafts Constitution Giving Himself Broad Powers"
849:
829:
686:
682:
3146:"Tunisian Islamist opposition leader in court on incitement charges"
2022:
Political parties decry Tunisia ‘coup’ as crowds celebrate on street
1833:"Tunisian PM to step down as major parliamentary blocs dismiss coup"
1475:"Protests across Tunisia target Ennahda party over political crisis"
3494:
Nassif, Hicham Bou (2022). "Why the Military Abandoned Democracy".
2988:"Detained Tunisian politician hospitalised 'in critical condition'"
2722:"The Controversy Over the Arab World's First Female Prime Minister"
2473:"Tunisia's president imposes month-long curfew and bans gatherings"
1473:
Amara, Tarek; McDowall, Angus (25 July 2021). Blair, Edmund (ed.).
1240:"Tunisian president rejects reshuffle, escalating political crisis"
1990:"Tunisia's Largest Party Protests Outside Army-blocked Parliament"
1909:"Dismissed Tunisian PM Mechichi appears for first time in 11 days"
1063:
889:
offered to continue assisting the country with the fallout of the
859:
837:
825:
805:
and five civil society groups along with independent politicians.
359:, the move came after a period of political instability marked by
3327:"Tunisia: President Intensifies Attacks on Judicial Independence"
3039:"Tunisia: Ennahda says senior official Noureddine Bhiri released"
1687:"Tunisian president ousts government in move critics call a coup"
1621:"Tunisian premier to step down following president's appointment"
949:
On 29 September 2021, two months after the coup, Saied appointed
3120:"Tunisia: Opposition chief back in court for 'money laundering'"
3013:"Hunger-striking Tunisia politician agrees to treatment: medics"
2886:"Tunisia: One-man rule setback for human rights and rule of law"
2748:"Tunisia's president dissolves parliament, extending power grab"
2043:"Tunisian parties announce coalition to counter President Saied"
1448:"Protests across Tunisia as COVID-19 surges and economy suffers"
1397:"'The boat is sinking': Tunisia warns of COVID-19 'catastrophe'"
678:
605:
was formed. The government exclusively consisted of independent
3599:
3090:"Tunisian opposition leader faces money laundering allegations"
2911:"Tunisian MP critical of president arrested by security forces"
2261:"Greece backs Tunisia's fight for stability | eKathimerini.com"
1215:"Tunisia's parliament approves Cabinet reshuffle amid protests"
1614:
1612:
2859:"Tunisia approves new constitution in vote with low turnout"
2199:"El Gobierno llama a "la calma y a la estabilidad" en Túnez"
2146:"Tunisia trade union 'no longer accepts' president's agenda"
3378:"Tunisian security forces storm Al Jazeera office in Tunis"
1592:"Tunisia's president accused of 'coup' after dismissing PM"
1137:"Tunisia premier designate names a technocratic government"
398:
boycotted by over two-thirds of voters, paving the way for
3012:
2961:
1447:
1267:"Tunisian party decries president's move to dismiss gov't"
1111:"Tunisian prime minister wins confidence vote amid crisis"
3382:
Tunisian security forces storm Al Jazeera office in Tunis
1563:"Tunisia: President's Seizure of Powers Threatens Rights"
754:, the three main parties in parliament. Former president
54:
Above: an anti-coup demonstration, Tunis, 10 October 2021
3433:
2557:"Tunisian dies after protesting President Saied's moves"
1371:"Tunisia: From president's power grab to new parliament"
957:, she has been criticised as no more than a figurehead.
160:
Judicial proceedings initiated against Saied's opponents
3276:"Tunisian president dissolves Supreme Judicial Council"
2937:"Islamist deputy Seifeddine Makhlouf arrested in Tunis"
2235:"Tunisia: Sacked PM says will hand over responsibility"
1807:"Tunisians back new constitution, but with low turnout"
1535:"Tunisian President Sacks Premier, Suspends Parliament"
640:, but the court's members have not been appointed yet.
56:
Below: a pro−Saied demonstration, Tunis, 3 October 2021
2612:"Tunisia's president Kais Saied suspends constitution"
1058:
On 26 July 2021, Tunisian police raided the bureau of
613:
party, the biggest parliamentary bloc led by Speaker
382:, making her the first female prime minister both in
4236:
4080:
3894:
3663:
2636:Amara, Tarek; Mcdowall, Angus (23 September 2021).
1346:"Tunisian Premier brushes aside calls to step down"
394:expanding the president's powers was adopted after
273:
166:
105:
81:
69:
61:
34:
3533:"Dismantling new democracies: the case of Tunisia"
1646:
1188:"Tunisia's PM sacked after violent Covid protests"
930:protests against Saied continued into March 2023.
765:In September 2021, a four-party coalition between
27:Political crisis between the president and Ennahda
3353:"Tunisia police storm Al Jazeera bureau in Tunis"
2638:"Tunisian president moves to cement one-man rule"
1213:Amara, Tarek; McDowall, Angus (27 January 2021).
609:and was supported, although "grudgingly", by the
3223:"Détérioration de l'état de santé d'Abir Moussi"
2396:"Tunisian constitution of 2014 (see Article 80)"
1740:Ellali, Ahmed; O'Grady, Siobhán (27 July 2021).
758:, who oversaw the transition to democracy after
624:which was approved by parliament, but president
2319:"How the world reacted to the coup in Tunisia"
1805:Amara, Tarek; Mcdowall, Angus (26 July 2022).
1685:Amara, Tarek; Mcdowall, Angus (26 July 2021).
1291:Hearst, David; Edroos, Faisal (28 July 2021).
3611:
3432:Martin, Alexander P.; Carey, John M. (2022).
2935:Nova, Redazione Agenzia (17 September 2021).
2233:Ibrahim, Farah; Najjar, Arwa (26 July 2021).
2174:"World reacts to Tunisia's political turmoil"
634:Assembly of the Representatives of the People
571:
349:Assembly of the Representatives of the People
122:Assembly of the Representatives of the People
96:Collapse of the healthcare system due to the
8:
1964:"Tunisia parliament strongly rejects 'coup'"
1066:without warrants or prior notification. The
975:Legal proceedings against opposition figures
963:On 30 June 2022, Saied unveiled a draft for
731:serve his country under all circumstances".
4472:Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics
3618:
3604:
3596:
3248:Monitor, Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights.
2884:Monitor, Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights.
578:
564:
409:
31:
1109:Bouazza, Bouazza Ben (2 September 2020).
1090:Political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
4359:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
4002:Democratic Republic of the Congo (2004)
3254:Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor
2962:"Tunisia detains anti-Saied politician"
2890:Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor
2610:Brown, Erin Clare (22 September 2021).
1101:
1068:Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor
880:Secretary-General of the United Nations
412:
2605:
2603:
2466:
2464:
2228:
2226:
2168:
2166:
2012:
2010:
1932:
1930:
1709:
1707:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1659:from the original on 27 September 2021
1557:
1555:
742:The coup was immediately denounced by
291:Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces)
3113:
3111:
1586:
1584:
1528:
1526:
648:COVID-19 and protests against Ennahda
620:In January 2021, Mechichi proposed a
601:In September 2020, the government of
322:(Dismissed Prime Minister of Tunisia)
7:
4482:2020s coups d'état and coup attempts
3569:Journal of Asian and African Studies
3467:The Journal of North African Studies
2414:"Kais Saied's power grab in Tunisia"
4467:Riots and civil disorder in Tunisia
1485:from the original on 10 August 2021
591:Saied-Mechichi: Parliament deadlock
2772:Brown, Erin Clare (30 June 2022).
25:
2211:from the original on 27 July 2021
1533:Yeranian, Edward (26 July 2021).
1022:was arrested on the gates of the
336:took place on 25 July 2021, when
148:with expanded presidential powers
4405:
4404:
3633:, and attempted coups since 1991
3402:Monitor, Euro-Med Human Rights.
3274:Amara, Tarek (6 February 2022).
1962:Agency, Anadolu (26 July 2021).
1831:Agency, Anadolu (27 July 2021).
1714:Yusuf, Mohammed (27 July 2021).
1265:Al-Thabti, Adel (26 July 2021).
1031:Erosion of judicial independence
549:
542:
417:
369:COVID-19 pandemic in the country
231:
205:
194:
179:
124:and the Supreme Judicial Council
48:
4249:Central African Republic (2021)
4143:Central African Republic (2013)
3957:Central African Republic (2003)
3937:Central African Republic (2001)
3643:List of coups and coup attempts
3144:AfricaNews (21 February 2023).
3118:AfricaNews (10 November 2022).
2412:Grewal, Sharan (26 July 2021).
1645:Parker, Claire (26 July 2021).
1135:Amara, Tarek (24 August 2020).
937:Changes to the political system
355:of its members. Described as a
2669:. Reuters. 22 September 2021.
2445:. 26 July 2021. Archived from
2093:National, The (12 July 2022).
491:2022–23 parliamentary election
481:2022 constitutional referendum
18:2021 Tunisian political crisis
1:
3552:10.1080/13510347.2022.2093346
3479:10.1080/13629387.2023.2203465
3450:10.1080/00344893.2022.2133002
3408:Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor
3229:(in French). 20 November 2023
2581:AfricaNews (24 August 2021).
1779:Amara, Tarek (26 July 2021).
999:condemned the arrest, as did
852:supported Saied's move, with
810:Tunisian General Labour Union
345:government of Hichem Mechichi
4314:São Tomé and Príncipe (2022)
3977:São Tomé and Príncipe (2003)
3816:São Tomé and Príncipe (1995)
3300:Mostafa, Amr (2 June 2022).
3203:(in French). 15 October 2023
1619:Canli, Enes (27 July 2021).
1072:Journalists for Human Rights
654:COVID-19 pandemic in Tunisia
116:dismisses the government of
4462:July 2021 events in Tunisia
2798:Yee, Vivian (1 July 2022).
1988:Presse, AFP-Agence France.
1018:, leader of the opposition
887:International Monetary Fund
814:national trade union center
312:(Speaker of the Parliament,
299:(Prime Minister of Tunisia)
4503:
1051:
651:
594:
506:2024 presidential election
471:2019 presidential election
4487:Military coups in Tunisia
4372:
3638:
3581:10.1177/00219096221079322
3531:Ridge, Hannah M. (2022).
1048:Restrictions on the media
501:2024 State visit to China
278:
171:
47:
39:
3997:Equatorial Guinea (2004)
3227:L'Economiste Maghribebin
783:National Salvation Front
739:protest in front of it.
451:Early life and education
426:This article is part of
246:National Salvation Front
1054:Decree Law 54 (Tunisia)
920:Subsequent developments
400:parliamentary elections
334:2021 Tunisian self-coup
211:Tunisian National Guard
35:2021 Tunisian self-coup
4411:Plots and conspiracies
3917:Solomon Islands (2000)
2471:Staff (27 July 2021).
1377:. Agence France-Presse
1085:2021 Tunisian protests
700:parliamentary immunity
658:2021 Tunisian protests
378:was appointed to head
289:(President of Tunisia,
156:parliamentary election
3781:Bophuthatswana (1994)
3508:10.1353/jod.2022.0002
1350:The North Africa Post
1325:studies.aljazeera.net
1020:Free Destourian Party
987:On 31 December 2021,
897:Amnesty International
239:Parliament of Tunisia
216:25th of July Movement
201:Tunisian Armed Forces
4354:Guinea-Bissau (2023)
4309:Guinea-Bissau (2022)
4293:Burkina Faso (2022)
4128:Guinea-Bissau (2012)
4103:Guinea-Bissau (2011)
3972:Guinea-Bissau (2003)
3947:Côte d'Ivoire (2002)
3922:Côte d'Ivoire (2001)
3886:Côte d'Ivoire (1999)
3871:Guinea-Bissau (1998)
3496:Journal of Democracy
2265:www.ekathimerini.com
1760:on 25 September 2021
868:United Arab Emirates
854:its foreign minister
638:constitutional court
464:President of Tunisia
361:a series of protests
187:President of Tunisia
4452:Protests in Tunisia
4349:Sierra Leone (2023)
4344:Burkina Faso (2023)
4198:Burkina Faso (2016)
4188:Burkina Faso (2015)
3952:Burkina Faso (2003)
3731:Sierra Leone (1992)
3696:Georgia (1991–1992)
3686:Soviet Union (1991)
2702:. 29 September 2021
2376:. 27 September 2021
1746:The Washington Post
1653:The Washington Post
1014:On 3 October 2023,
982:Seifeddine Makhlouf
314:Leader of Ennahdha)
4047:Philippines (2007)
3967:Philippines (2003)
3333:. 27 February 2023
3331:Human Rights Watch
3070:. 13 February 2023
2804:The New York Times
2700:Al Arabiya English
2374:Human Rights Watch
2126:. 17 December 2022
1567:Human Rights Watch
1426:Al Arabiya English
1168:. 1 September 2020
1166:Al Arabiya English
1042:Human Rights Watch
1001:Human Rights Watch
965:a new constitution
901:Human Rights Watch
812:(UGTT), Tunisia's
771:Democratic Current
392:a new constitution
338:Tunisian President
142:A new constitution
120:and dissolves the
4457:Government crises
4419:
4418:
4108:Bangladesh (2011)
4093:Madagascar (2010)
4067:Madagascar (2009)
4057:Mauritania (2008)
4037:Madagascar (2006)
4022:Mauritania (2005)
3962:Mauritania (2003)
3851:Bangladesh (1996)
3806:Azerbaijan (1995)
3751:Azerbaijan (1993)
3700:Venezuela (1992)
3357:www.aljazeera.com
3175:The National News
2992:www.aljazeera.com
2968:. 22 January 2023
2915:www.aljazeera.com
2752:www.aljazeera.com
2728:. 14 October 2021
2259:Nedos, Vassilis.
2239:www.aljazeera.com
2178:www.aljazeera.com
2150:www.aljazeera.com
2072:www.aljazeera.net
2047:www.aljazeera.com
1246:. 26 January 2021
1008:Rached Ghannouchi
891:COVID-19 pandemic
791:Dignity Coalition
748:Dignity Coalition
664:COVID-19 pandemic
622:cabinet reshuffle
615:Rached Ghannouchi
588:
587:
486:2022 Constitution
443:
442:
330:
329:
307:Rached Ghannouchi
269:
268:
256:Dignity Coalition
221:People's Movement
98:COVID-19 pandemic
16:(Redirected from
4494:
4408:
4407:
3942:Venezuela (2002)
3771:Lithuania (1993)
3746:Guatemala (1993)
3620:
3613:
3606:
3597:
3592:
3563:
3546:(8): 1539–1556.
3537:
3527:
3490:
3473:(6): 1324–1344.
3461:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3349:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3193:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3177:. 5 October 2023
3167:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3115:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3019:. 5 January 2022
3009:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2896:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2818:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2607:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2510:www.gulftoday.ae
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2468:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2409:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2207:. 27 July 2021.
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2170:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2014:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1756:. Archived from
1737:
1731:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1711:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1682:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1650:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1588:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1530:
1521:
1520:
1518:
1516:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1317:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1106:
989:Noureddine Bhiri
905:authoritarianism
883:António Guterres
878:A spokesman for
795:Heart of Tunisia
779:Republican Party
752:Heart of Tunisia
704:attorney general
597:Mechichi Cabinet
580:
573:
566:
553:
546:
523:(Prime Minister)
439:
438:
436:
429:
421:
414:
413:
410:
390:. In July 2022,
380:a new government
351:and revoked the
347:, suspended the
323:
315:
300:
292:
261:Republican Party
236:
235:
234:
209:
199:
198:
197:
184:
183:
182:
173:
172:
136:a new government
109:Coup successful
92:Mechichi Cabinet
52:
32:
21:
4502:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4491:
4437:2022 in Tunisia
4432:2021 in Tunisia
4422:
4421:
4420:
4415:
4402:
4368:
4232:
4228:Ethiopia (2019)
4208:Zimbabwe (2017)
4178:Yemen (2014–15)
4168:Thailand (2014)
4076:
4072:Honduras (2009)
4032:Thailand (2006)
3907:Paraguay (2000)
3890:
3881:Pakistan (1999)
3856:Cambodia (1997)
3826:Paraguay (1996)
3801:Cambodia (1994)
3681:Thailand (1991)
3659:
3634:
3624:
3566:
3540:Democratization
3535:
3530:
3493:
3464:
3431:
3428:
3426:Further reading
3423:
3422:
3412:
3410:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3384:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3310:
3308:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3284:
3282:
3273:
3272:
3268:
3258:
3256:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3180:
3178:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3047:
3045:
3043:Middle East Eye
3037:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3011:
3010:
3006:
2996:
2994:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2969:
2960:
2959:
2955:
2945:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2894:
2892:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2814:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2782:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2754:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2620:
2618:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2591:
2589:
2580:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2555:
2554:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2489:
2487:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2449:on 26 July 2021
2437:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2323:Middle East Eye
2317:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2290:Washington Post
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2182:
2180:
2172:
2171:
2164:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2015:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1994:www.barrons.com
1987:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1915:. 6 August 2021
1907:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1888:Middle East Eye
1882:
1881:
1877:
1867:
1865:
1862:The Independent
1856:
1855:
1851:
1841:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1789:
1787:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1724:
1722:
1713:
1712:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1532:
1531:
1524:
1514:
1512:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1352:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1301:
1299:
1297:Middle East Eye
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1081:
1056:
1050:
1033:
1024:Carthage Palace
1006:Ennahda leader
977:
939:
927:
922:
913:
822:
756:Moncef Marzouki
733:Middle East Eye
724:
719:
695:
660:
652:Main articles:
650:
603:Hichem Mechichi
599:
593:
584:
555:
540:
526:
510:
467:
466:
460:
434:
432:
431:
430:
427:
425:
408:
326:
325:
321:
320:
318:Hichem Mechichi
316:
313:
311:
310:
302:
298:
297:
293:
290:
288:
287:
265:
232:
230:
225:
195:
193:
180:
178:
118:Hichem Mechichi
77:
57:
55:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4500:
4498:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4424:
4423:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4390:
4382:
4380:or its attempt
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4364:Bolivia (2024)
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4276:
4274:Tunisia (2021)
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4254:Myanmar (2021)
4251:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4183:Burundi (2015)
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4138:Eritrea (2013)
4135:
4130:
4125:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3927:Burundi (2001)
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3902:Ecuador (2000)
3898:
3896:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3836:Burundi (1996)
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3796:Liberia (1994)
3793:
3791:Lesotho (1994)
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:Nigeria (1993)
3773:
3768:
3766:Burundi (1993)
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3736:Algeria (1992)
3733:
3728:
3727:
3726:
3721:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3706:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3676:Lesotho (1991)
3673:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3600:
3594:
3593:
3575:(6): 904–921.
3564:
3528:
3491:
3462:
3444:(4): 683–705.
3438:Representation
3427:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3394:
3369:
3344:
3318:
3292:
3266:
3240:
3214:
3188:
3162:
3136:
3107:
3081:
3055:
3030:
3004:
2979:
2953:
2927:
2902:
2876:
2865:. 26 July 2022
2850:
2824:
2790:
2764:
2739:
2713:
2687:
2654:
2628:
2599:
2573:
2548:
2537:. 5 March 2023
2522:
2497:
2460:
2430:
2404:
2387:
2361:
2350:. 26 July 2021
2335:
2310:
2277:
2251:
2222:
2190:
2162:
2137:
2111:
2085:
2059:
2034:
2006:
1980:
1954:
1926:
1900:
1875:
1864:. 29 July 2021
1849:
1823:
1797:
1771:
1732:
1703:
1670:
1637:
1625:Anadolu Ajansı
1608:
1580:
1569:. 27 July 2021
1551:
1522:
1511:. 25 July 2021
1496:
1465:
1454:. 25 July 2021
1439:
1428:. 25 July 2021
1413:
1388:
1362:
1337:
1309:
1283:
1271:Anadolu Ajansı
1257:
1231:
1205:
1194:. 26 July 2021
1179:
1153:
1127:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1049:
1046:
1032:
1029:
997:United Nations
976:
973:
943:rule by decree
938:
935:
926:
923:
921:
918:
912:
909:
842:European Union
821:
818:
760:the revolution
723:
720:
718:
715:
694:
691:
649:
646:
595:Main article:
592:
589:
586:
585:
583:
582:
575:
568:
560:
557:
556:
539:
538:
525:
524:
509:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
476:2021 self-coup
473:
461:
459:
458:
453:
445:
444:
441:
440:
428:a series about
424:
422:
407:
404:
343:dismissed the
328:
327:
303:
280:
279:
276:
275:
271:
270:
267:
266:
264:
263:
258:
253:
248:
228:
226:
224:
223:
218:
213:
203:
176:
169:
168:
164:
163:
162:
161:
158:
154:of subsequent
149:
144:is adopted in
139:
132:Prime Minister
125:
107:
103:
102:
101:
100:
94:
83:
79:
78:
73:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
53:
45:
44:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4499:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:2022 protests
4445:
4443:
4442:2021 protests
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4412:
4401:
4400:
4396:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4374:
4371:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4324:Gambia (2022)
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4278:Sudan (2021)
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4269:Guinea (2021)
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4193:Turkey (2016)
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4173:Gambia (2014)
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:Guinea (2008)
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3866:Zambia (1997)
3864:
3862:
3861:Turkey (1997)
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3821:Guinea (1996)
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Gambia (1994)
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:Russia (1993)
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3637:
3632:
3628:
3621:
3616:
3614:
3609:
3607:
3602:
3601:
3598:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3409:
3405:
3398:
3395:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3345:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3307:
3303:
3296:
3293:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3267:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3241:
3228:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3137:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3096:. 6 July 2022
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3018:
3014:
3008:
3005:
2993:
2989:
2983:
2980:
2967:
2963:
2957:
2954:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2891:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2851:
2839:. 9 July 2022
2838:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2765:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2740:
2727:
2726:Bloomberg.com
2723:
2717:
2714:
2701:
2697:
2691:
2688:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2643:
2639:
2632:
2629:
2617:
2613:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2574:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2536:
2532:
2526:
2523:
2511:
2507:
2501:
2498:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2419:
2415:
2408:
2405:
2397:
2391:
2388:
2375:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2349:
2345:
2339:
2336:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2311:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2252:
2240:
2236:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2151:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2125:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2086:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2060:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2007:
1995:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1955:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1824:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1798:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1736:
1733:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1638:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1540:
1536:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1466:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1440:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1376:
1375:www.zawya.com
1372:
1366:
1363:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1272:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1232:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1193:
1189:
1183:
1180:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1128:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1102:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1055:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
993:hunger strike
990:
985:
983:
974:
972:
970:
966:
961:
958:
956:
952:
947:
944:
936:
934:
931:
924:
919:
917:
910:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
892:
888:
884:
881:
876:
874:
871:Tunisia. The
869:
865:
861:
857:
855:
851:
847:
846:United States
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:International
819:
817:
815:
811:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
740:
736:
734:
728:
721:
716:
714:
712:
707:
705:
701:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
667:
665:
659:
655:
647:
645:
641:
639:
635:
629:
627:
623:
618:
616:
612:
608:
604:
598:
590:
581:
576:
574:
569:
567:
562:
561:
559:
558:
554:
552:
547:
545:
536:
533:
532:
531:
530:
522:
521:Ahmed Hachani
519:
518:
517:
516:
515:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
496:Decree Law 54
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
468:
465:
457:
456:Personal life
454:
452:
449:
448:
447:
446:
437:
423:
420:
416:
415:
411:
405:
403:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:
335:
324:
319:
309:
308:
301:
296:
286:
285:
277:
272:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
242:
241:
240:
227:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
208:
204:
202:
192:
191:
190:
189:
188:
175:
174:
170:
165:
159:
157:
153:
150:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
130:is appointed
129:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
110:
108:
104:
99:
95:
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
51:
46:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
4392:
4384:
4376:
4339:Gabon (2023)
4334:Niger (2023)
4329:Sudan (2023)
4273:
4259:Niger (2021)
4223:Sudan (2019)
4218:Gabon (2019)
4213:Yemen (2018)
4203:Libya (2016)
4163:Libya (2014)
4158:Libya (2013)
4153:Egypt (2013)
4133:Sudan (2012)
4112:Mali (2012)
4098:Niger (2011)
4088:Niger (2010)
4052:Sudan (2008)
4012:Nepal (2005)
3992:Haiti (2004)
3987:Sudan (2004)
3932:Haiti (2001)
3876:Niger (1999)
3846:Qatar (1996)
3841:Niger (1996)
3811:Qatar (1995)
3761:Libya (1993)
3741:Sudan (1992)
3715:Peru (1992)
3691:Haiti (1991)
3572:
3568:
3543:
3539:
3502:(1): 27–39.
3499:
3495:
3470:
3466:
3441:
3437:
3411:. Retrieved
3407:
3397:
3385:. Retrieved
3381:
3372:
3360:. Retrieved
3356:
3347:
3335:. Retrieved
3330:
3321:
3309:. Retrieved
3306:The National
3305:
3295:
3283:. Retrieved
3279:
3269:
3257:. Retrieved
3253:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3226:
3217:
3205:. Retrieved
3200:
3191:
3179:. Retrieved
3174:
3165:
3153:. Retrieved
3149:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:
3098:. Retrieved
3093:
3084:
3072:. Retrieved
3067:
3058:
3046:. Retrieved
3042:
3033:
3021:. Retrieved
3016:
3007:
2995:. Retrieved
2991:
2982:
2970:. Retrieved
2965:
2956:
2944:. Retrieved
2941:Agenzia Nova
2940:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2914:
2905:
2893:. Retrieved
2889:
2879:
2867:. Retrieved
2862:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2836:
2827:
2815:. Retrieved
2803:
2793:
2781:. Retrieved
2778:The National
2777:
2767:
2755:. Retrieved
2751:
2742:
2730:. Retrieved
2725:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2699:
2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2667:The Guardian
2666:
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2641:
2631:
2619:. Retrieved
2616:The National
2615:
2590:. Retrieved
2586:
2576:
2564:. Retrieved
2560:
2551:
2539:. Retrieved
2534:
2525:
2513:. Retrieved
2509:
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2477:The Guardian
2476:
2451:. Retrieved
2447:the original
2442:
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2417:
2407:
2390:
2380:27 September
2378:. Retrieved
2373:
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2347:
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2322:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2289:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2264:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2238:
2213:. Retrieved
2202:
2193:
2181:. Retrieved
2177:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2123:
2114:
2102:. Retrieved
2099:The National
2098:
2088:
2076:. Retrieved
2071:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2046:
2037:
2025:. Retrieved
2021:
1997:. Retrieved
1993:
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1967:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1941:
1917:. Retrieved
1912:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1887:
1878:
1866:. Retrieved
1861:
1852:
1840:. Retrieved
1836:
1826:
1814:. Retrieved
1810:
1800:
1788:. Retrieved
1784:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1758:the original
1745:
1735:
1723:. Retrieved
1719:
1694:. Retrieved
1690:
1661:. Retrieved
1652:
1640:
1628:. Retrieved
1624:
1599:. Retrieved
1595:
1571:. Retrieved
1566:
1542:. Retrieved
1538:
1513:. Retrieved
1508:
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1478:
1468:
1456:. Retrieved
1451:
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1425:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1400:
1391:
1379:. Retrieved
1374:
1365:
1353:. Retrieved
1349:
1340:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:
1300:. Retrieved
1296:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1270:
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1243:
1234:
1222:. Retrieved
1218:
1208:
1196:. Retrieved
1191:
1182:
1170:. Retrieved
1165:
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:
1130:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:
1104:
1057:
1038:
1034:
1013:
1005:
986:
978:
969:two chambers
962:
959:
951:Najla Bouden
948:
940:
932:
928:
914:
895:
877:
864:Saudi Arabia
858:
823:
807:
764:
741:
737:
729:
725:
708:
696:
693:Announcement
668:
661:
642:
630:
619:
600:
548:
541:
535:Ichraf Saied
528:
527:
512:
511:
475:
396:a referendum
376:Najla Bouden
373:
363:against the
333:
331:
305:
304:
295:Najla Bouden
282:
281:
274:Lead figures
237:
229:
185:
177:
146:a referendum
128:Najla Bouden
90:against the
65:25 July 2021
29:
4393:Successful
4319:Peru (2022)
4264:Mali (2021)
4244:Mali (2020)
4148:Chad (2013)
4042:Fiji (2006)
4027:Chad (2006)
4017:Togo (2005)
4007:Peru (2005)
3982:Chad (2004)
3912:Fiji (2000)
3831:Iraq (1996)
3671:Mali (1991)
3259:15 November
3233:26 November
3207:26 November
3181:26 November
2895:15 November
2204:Cadena COPE
2124:Le Monde.fr
2074:(in Arabic)
1968:Daily Sabah
1837:Daily Sabah
1016:Abir Moussi
873:Arab League
775:Afek Tounes
607:technocrats
106:Resulted in
42:Arab Winter
4477:Self-coups
4426:Categories
4403:See also:
3653:since 2010
3648:by country
3631:self-coups
3150:Africanews
3124:Africanews
2587:Africanews
2561:Al Jazeera
1596:Al-Jazeera
1401:Al-Jazeera
1096:References
1060:Al Jazeera
1052:See also:
955:Arab World
785:, between
711:his palace
626:Kais Saied
514:Government
435:Kais Saied
406:Background
388:Arab world
341:Kais Saied
284:Kais Saied
134:and forms
114:Kais Saied
112:President
4399:self-coup
4378:Self-coup
4302:September
4282:September
3589:246962926
3560:250227558
3524:247624421
3516:1086-3214
3487:258304597
3458:253291744
3017:Arab News
2966:Arab News
2863:France 24
2812:0362-4331
2675:0261-3077
2485:0261-3077
2418:Brookings
2354:14 August
2298:0190-8286
1754:0190-8286
1509:France 24
1452:Arab News
767:Ettakatol
717:Reactions
357:self-coup
82:Caused by
3724:November
3709:November
3704:February
3387:29 March
3362:29 March
3337:27 March
3311:27 March
3285:30 March
3201:Le Monde
3155:30 March
3129:30 March
3100:30 March
3074:30 March
3048:30 March
3023:30 March
2997:30 March
2972:30 March
2946:30 March
2869:28 March
2843:27 March
2837:Atalayar
2817:27 March
2783:27 March
2757:28 March
2732:27 March
2706:27 March
2680:27 March
2647:27 March
2621:27 March
2592:26 March
2566:29 March
2541:26 March
2515:26 March
2490:26 March
2453:26 March
2423:26 March
2328:28 March
2303:28 March
2270:28 March
2244:28 March
2209:Archived
2183:28 March
2155:29 March
2130:29 March
2104:29 March
2078:29 March
2052:29 March
2027:28 March
1999:26 March
1973:26 March
1947:26 March
1919:26 March
1913:euronews
1893:26 March
1868:26 March
1842:26 March
1816:29 March
1790:29 March
1764:25 March
1725:25 March
1696:25 March
1663:25 March
1657:Archived
1630:26 March
1601:25 March
1573:25 March
1544:25 March
1515:25 March
1489:25 March
1483:Archived
1458:25 March
1432:25 March
1406:24 March
1381:25 March
1355:25 March
1330:25 March
1302:25 March
1276:25 March
1250:25 March
1224:25 March
1198:25 March
1192:BBC News
1172:25 March
1146:25 March
1120:25 March
1079:See also
925:Protests
911:Legality
866:and the
844:and the
803:Al Irada
777:and the
750:and the
722:Domestic
675:Monastir
670:Protests
537:(spouse)
386:and the
353:immunity
88:Protests
70:Location
40:Part of
4388:attempt
4297:January
4287:October
3280:Reuters
3094:Reuters
3068:Reuters
2920:31 July
2642:Reuters
2443:ANSAMed
2348:Reuters
2215:27 July
1811:Reuters
1785:Reuters
1691:Reuters
1479:Reuters
1244:Reuters
1219:Reuters
1141:Reuters
1115:AP NEWS
834:Germany
799:Al Amal
787:Ennahda
744:Ennahda
611:Ennahda
384:Tunisia
365:Ennahda
251:Ennahda
167:Parties
152:Boycott
75:Tunisia
4409:
3587:
3558:
3522:
3514:
3485:
3456:
3413:19 May
2810:
2673:
2483:
2296:
1752:
995:. The
850:Greece
840:, the
830:Turkey
793:, the
789:, the
769:, the
746:, the
687:Sousse
683:El Kef
529:Family
4237:2020s
4121:April
4116:March
4081:2010s
3895:2000s
3719:April
3664:1990s
3627:Coups
3585:S2CID
3556:S2CID
3536:(PDF)
3520:S2CID
3483:S2CID
3454:S2CID
2399:(PDF)
1064:Tunis
860:Egypt
838:Spain
826:Qatar
4395:coup
4386:Coup
3512:ISSN
3415:2022
3389:2023
3364:2023
3339:2023
3313:2023
3287:2023
3261:2021
3235:2023
3209:2023
3183:2023
3157:2023
3131:2023
3102:2023
3076:2023
3050:2023
3025:2023
2999:2023
2974:2023
2948:2023
2922:2021
2897:2021
2871:2023
2845:2023
2819:2023
2808:ISSN
2785:2023
2759:2023
2734:2023
2708:2023
2682:2023
2671:ISSN
2649:2023
2623:2023
2594:2023
2568:2023
2543:2023
2535:WION
2517:2023
2492:2023
2481:ISSN
2455:2023
2425:2023
2382:2021
2356:2022
2330:2023
2305:2023
2294:ISSN
2272:2023
2246:2023
2217:2021
2185:2023
2157:2023
2132:2023
2106:2023
2080:2023
2054:2023
2029:2023
2001:2023
1975:2023
1949:2023
1921:2023
1895:2023
1870:2023
1844:2023
1818:2023
1792:2023
1766:2023
1750:ISSN
1727:2023
1698:2023
1665:2023
1632:2023
1603:2023
1575:2023
1546:2023
1517:2023
1491:2023
1460:2023
1434:2023
1408:2023
1383:2023
1357:2023
1332:2023
1304:2023
1278:2023
1252:2023
1226:2023
1200:2023
1174:2023
1148:2023
1122:2023
1070:and
808:The
685:and
679:Sfax
656:and
462:7th
332:The
62:Date
4397:or
3577:doi
3548:doi
3504:doi
3475:doi
3446:doi
1720:VOA
1539:VOA
1062:in
4428::
3629:,
3583:.
3573:58
3571:.
3554:.
3544:29
3542:.
3538:.
3518:.
3510:.
3500:33
3498:.
3481:.
3471:28
3469:.
3452:.
3442:59
3440:.
3436:.
3406:.
3380:.
3355:.
3329:.
3304:.
3278:.
3252:.
3225:.
3199:.
3173:.
3148:.
3122:.
3110:^
3092:.
3066:.
3041:.
3015:.
2990:.
2964:.
2939:.
2913:.
2888:.
2861:.
2835:.
2806:.
2802:.
2776:.
2750:.
2724:.
2698:.
2665:.
2640:.
2614:.
2602:^
2585:.
2559:.
2533:.
2508:.
2479:.
2475:.
2463:^
2441:.
2416:.
2372:.
2346:.
2321:.
2292:.
2288:.
2263:.
2237:.
2225:^
2201:.
2176:.
2165:^
2148:.
2122:.
2097:.
2070:.
2045:.
2020:.
2009:^
1992:.
1966:.
1940:.
1929:^
1911:.
1886:.
1860:.
1835:.
1809:.
1783:.
1748:.
1744:.
1718:.
1706:^
1689:.
1673:^
1655:.
1651:.
1623:.
1611:^
1594:.
1583:^
1565:.
1554:^
1537:.
1525:^
1507:.
1481:.
1477:.
1450:.
1424:.
1399:.
1373:.
1348:.
1323:.
1312:^
1295:.
1269:.
1242:.
1217:.
1190:.
1164:.
1139:.
1113:.
1044:.
907:.
862:,
848:.
836:,
832:,
828:,
801:,
797:,
773:,
706:.
689:.
681:,
677:,
617:.
371:.
3619:e
3612:t
3605:v
3591:.
3579::
3562:.
3550::
3526:.
3506::
3489:.
3477::
3460:.
3448::
3417:.
3391:.
3366:.
3341:.
3315:.
3289:.
3263:.
3237:.
3211:.
3185:.
3159:.
3133:.
3104:.
3078:.
3052:.
3027:.
3001:.
2976:.
2950:.
2924:.
2899:.
2873:.
2847:.
2821:.
2787:.
2761:.
2736:.
2710:.
2684:.
2651:.
2625:.
2596:.
2570:.
2545:.
2519:.
2494:.
2457:.
2427:.
2401:.
2384:.
2358:.
2332:.
2307:.
2274:.
2248:.
2219:.
2187:.
2159:.
2134:.
2108:.
2082:.
2056:.
2031:.
2003:.
1977:.
1951:.
1923:.
1897:.
1872:.
1846:.
1820:.
1794:.
1768:.
1729:.
1700:.
1667:.
1634:.
1605:.
1577:.
1548:.
1519:.
1493:.
1462:.
1436:.
1410:.
1385:.
1359:.
1334:.
1306:.
1280:.
1254:.
1228:.
1202:.
1176:.
1150:.
1124:.
579:e
572:t
565:v
138:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
