271:, planned for 1 September 2021, that they had already been emptying their tanks ready to make the change when the panic buying took hold and quickly drained them. On 7 October 2021 official figures showed that although petrol station deliveries had been consistent throughout the summer and most of September, that fuel stocks at forecourts fell by up to 25% after the introduction of E10 fuel on 1 September. When panic buying started on 24 September, there was not enough fuel in forecourt storage tanks to keep up with demand. In an examination of the just-in-time (JIT) logistics model, Sky News suggests that, because panic buying had led to a sudden depletion of fuel stocks in forecourts, that the JIT delivery strategy was unable to react quickly enough to supply the sudden increase in demand.
81:
105:
22:
136:, which operates 1,200 stations in the United Kingdom, estimated that 30% of their sites did not have either of the main grades of fuel, unleaded 95 RON petrol and "standard" diesel". In turn, this led to higher rates of consumption of "super" unleaded and diesel which are typically available on UK forecourts, until they also ran out. Suppliers then focused on supply of standard grades, creating extended pressure on the supply of the premium grades which some vehicles require. On 27 September,
217:
151:
that need it most in London and the South East... crisis is virtually at an end in
Scotland, the North and Midlands". 22% of stations in London and the South-East remained without fuel and 40% were lacking one of the main fuel grades. By October, some garage owners believed the remaining supply issues were no longer linked to panic buying. On 4 October, the Petrol Retailers Association said some forecourts in South East England had been without fuel for a week.
244:, the transport secretary, accused road haulage associations of purposefully briefing the information to the media to help bolster their arguments for more European drivers stating: "I know that they're desperate to have more European drivers undercutting British salaries, I know that's been their ask all along." The Road Haulage Association has denied these allegations.
145:
Businesses involved in the fuel industry said in a joint statement on 29 September that they were "now seeing signs that the situation at the pumps has begun to improve". A week after the panic buying had started, getting petrol in the South East of
England was still a problem, although the situation
258:
of fuel delivery data showed that although there was a slight dip in forecourt stock levels just before it, that during the supply crisis fuel deliveries to forecourts did not drop significantly and concluded, based on comparisons with historic supply and demand level patterns, that panic buying was
428:, with the lyrics of the song changed to reflect the events of the crisis. The lyrics to the chorus were changed to: "Britain's panic buying/Petrol pumps are dying/Said Brexit would be fine and turns out they were lying/Fuel is running real low/ Need European blokes/ To come through in their HGVs".
150:
said in a radio interview on 2 October that the situation was improving in
Scotland, the North of England and parts of the Midlands but worsening in the South East of England and London. On the following day, the organisation issued a statement stating that "The fuel is still not going to the pumps
166:
In 2011 the
British Government published guidance for energy emergency planning and priority fuel allocation, listing 10 schemes which could be implemented in the event of a fuel supply or demand issue. Due to problems with the supply chain in January 2021, one of these schemes, the relaxation of
357:. According to the BBC, the market research organisation Transport Intelligence found significant HGV shortages in Poland and Germany, but noted that these countries were able to rely on a Europe-wide pool of labour to mitigate for these shortages. Richard Burnett, CEO of the
1241:
329:, around 18% of the overall shortfall of 70,000 HGV drivers in Britain. It cited drivers choosing to work elsewhere or not work due to working conditions, retirement, the lack of driving tests during the pandemic lockdown, and changes in taxation as major causes.
1018:
194:
On 2 October it was announced that the army would start to deliver fuel to filling stations on Monday 4 October and that 300 foreign tanker drivers would immediately be temporarily allowed to work in the UK until the end of March 2022.
64:, or their combined impact. Although the UK did not have a shortage of fuel, the panic buying of fuel combined with supply chain issues caused by the media and the HGV driver shortage led to many petrol stations running out of fuel.
1231:
348:
Industry commentators have noted that despite driver shortages, EU countries have not experienced supply problems to petrol station forecourts, and this has been attributed to the greater flexibility of labour deployment and
1371:
1682:
1618:
876:
1550:
190:
tanker drivers were placed on standby to be deployed if deemed necessary. On 29 September, Kwasi
Kwarteng tweeted that the Reserve Tanker fleet which consists of 80 vehicles would be released on that afternoon.
781:
317:, the UK transport secretary, had said that driver shortage was a problem in Europe, and that Brexit had helped the UK to "provide a solution". However, Shapps later admitted that Brexit had been "a factor".
1010:
168:
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1971:
711:
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240:
who reported on the contents of the meeting. The chair of the Petrol
Retailers Association blamed the leaking of the information about BP stock levels for the panic. On 26 September,
1459:
158:
reported not having had a shortage of fuel for a week, and by 22 October the BBC reported that stock levels in service station storage tanks were at their highest levels since May.
1363:
1085:
1941:
361:
expressed the view that the driver shortage could only be solved by "access to temporary foreign labour in the short term to recruit a UK-based workforce for the longer term".
1750:
501:
1651:
1674:
1608:
868:
1500:
167:
drivers' hours, had already been implemented earlier in the year and subsequently extended to
October, so it was already in place when the panic started. On 26 September
1532:
988:
773:
452:
1311:
413:
as his name being phonetically similar to "fill my can" (and especially to a
Northern UK pronunciation of "fill m'can") was thought to be amusingly appropriate.
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61:
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929:
774:"Fuel crisis: Signs petrol issues are easing, fuel industry says - as business secretary 'not guaranteeing anything' over impact on Christmas"
1425:
1146:
536:
381:
203:
The fuel supply problems and panic buying have been widely debated in the media, with the causes attributed to a range of possible triggers.
1773:
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1115:
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21:
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1482:
462:
437:
980:
1011:"Temporary relaxation of the enforcement of the retained EU drivers' hours rules: all road haulage sectors in Great Britain"
117:
In
September 2021, Great Britain suffered a fuel supply shortage for a few weeks after news reports of an ongoing lack of
1812:
906:
845:
147:
1961:
1303:
1334:"Fuel supply crisis: Grant Shapps blames haulage group for creating 'manufactured situation' as pump chaos continues"
1177:
592:
280:
1050:
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815:
457:
1869:
388:
358:
52:
of fuel was reported to be caused by media reports of a leaked government briefing discussing the shortage of
1903:
734:
384:
236:
fuel stock levels were discussed. It has been alleged that the notes from this meeting were then passed to
1956:
354:
1395:"Fuel shortage: The chart that shows petrol station deliveries barely fell as panic-buying caused crisis"
1232:"Petrol boss hopeful fuel crisis 'over by end of the week' after claims 90% of UK stations have run dry"
421:
633:
425:
179:
1875:
118:
53:
48:
In
September 2021, almost 21 years since the last fuel crisis, which took place in September 2000,
1138:
525:
333:
also noted a fall of 25,000 drivers passing HGV driver tests between 2019 and 2020 and changes to
216:
930:"Fuel crisis no longer result of panic buying, warns forecourt boss as drivers run out of petrol"
598:
377:
175:
1452:"Petrol crisis: How an extra five litres of petrol helped cause the country to grind to a halt"
1107:
1613:
1542:
1492:
1272:
742:
603:
493:
326:
294:
183:
1641:
1573:
1073:
666:
591:
380:
had contributed to a significant fall in the number of candidates passing HGV driver tests.
237:
187:
126:
186:
easier in light of fuel shortages brought on by panic buying. On 28 September, a number of
1840:
1575:"UK petrol station problems show Brexit was "intellectual fraud" - French minister Beaune"
1528:
1487:
531:
442:
369:
229:
1904:"Comedian Munya Chawawa gives Blue song hilarious makeover with his take on fuel crisis"
1426:"Exclusive: Government's switch to greener fuel was 'major factor' behind petrol crisis"
325:
trade magazine reported a loss of 12,500 EU drivers from the UK before the start of the
376:
was one of a number of key causes for the shortfall of HGV drivers, and noted that the
286:
171:
34:
1265:"Haulage body with anti-Brexit drive was behind fuel crisis leak, claim No 10 sources"
1935:
1908:
1236:
869:"Fuel supply crisis: UK government map reveals regional differences in petrol supply"
417:
409:
254:
221:
1870:"What's funny about Britain's gas shortage? When the reporter's name is Phil McCann"
1675:"The real causes of the HGV driver shortage and why we can't blame it all on Brexit"
1609:"Michel Barnier points to 'clear links' between UK's truck-driver crisis and Brexit"
1537:
587:
488:
314:
298:
241:
122:
95:
49:
1533:"End to freedom of movement behind UK fuel crisis, says Merkel's likely successor"
142:
reported that 50 to 90% of fuel stations in some regions of England had run dry.
310:
306:
290:
91:
1804:
1201:"HGV driver shortage: BP poised to ration fuel deliveries amid supply problems"
954:
837:
561:
526:"Boris Johnson prepares to call in army as panic buying drains UK petrol pumps"
228:
Multiple sources have stated that an industry task force meeting took place on
67:
By 22 October 2021, fuel station stocks were at their highest level since May.
1075:"As fuel pumps remain dry, UK's Johnson says plans in place for supply chains"
484:"What is causing the UK crisis in petrol supplies? | Supply chain crisis"
342:
321:
268:
42:
1546:
1496:
1276:
898:
746:
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404:
56:(HGV) drivers. Some analysts and politicians linked the driver shortage to
1743:"Is there a fuel shortage in the UK and why are petrol stations closing?"
1169:
1045:
638:
350:
338:
337:
tax rules which made it more expensive for EU drivers to work in the UK.
330:
1580:
1080:
1040:
673:
138:
1709:
1041:"Fuel supply: UK suspends competition law to get petrol to forecourts"
807:
302:
57:
1483:"UK fuel crisis 'direct consequence' of Brexit, says Michel Barnier"
1364:"RHA categorically denies accusations of creating fuel supply panic"
1137:
Payne, Sebastian; Wilson, Tom; Pfeifer, Sylvia (29 September 2021).
1170:"Fuel supply: Military to deliver petrol to UK garages from Monday"
403:
BBC reporter Phil McCann went viral after reporting the story from
215:
20:
703:"Fuel pumps run dry in British cities, sowing supply chain chaos"
668:"BP says nearly a third of its UK fuel stations running on empty"
25:
No fuel at a north London Shell service station 28 September 2021
1643:"Brexit has been a 'factor' in fuel crisis, Grant Shapps admits"
1304:"BP fuel document leak as 40,000 HGV applications 'sit on desk'"
634:"Fuel supply: No issues in Northern Ireland, industry body says"
334:
155:
146:
had improved in the north and the Midlands. The chairman of the
87:
1836:"MPs say lockdown is behind fuel shortage at petrol stations"
267:
Fuel retailers say that in the run up to the introduction of
808:"Fuel supply still a big problem in SE England - retailers"
233:
133:
38:
1139:"UK deploys reserve tanker fleet to help ease fuel crisis"
305:– the UK's withdrawal from the EU. Former Conservative MP
1805:"Shortage problem: What's the UK running low on and why?"
700:
Faulconbridge, Guy; Smout, Alistair (27 September 2021).
1072:
Holden, Michael; Maclellan, Kylie (28 September 2021).
313:
also suggested Brexit was a factor. On the other hand,
1972:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
981:"Energy emergency planning: priority fuel allocation"
899:"Fuel issues persist in south but 'over' elsewhere"
838:"Fuel issues persist in south but 'over' elsewhere"
1868:
1230:Ferguson, Emily; Wood, Poppy (27 September 2021).
701:
524:
955:"Asda reports no petrol supply issues for a week"
293:, French Secretary of State for European Affairs
1737:
1735:
1710:"How serious is the shortage of lorry drivers?"
593:"The U.K.'s Gas Crisis Is a Brexit Crisis, Too"
453:2021 United Kingdom natural gas supplier crisis
110:Same location 24 hours later, all fuel sold out
806:Harrison, Emma; Lee, Joseph (2 October 2021).
1704:
1702:
1700:
1424:Gardner, Bill; Clark, Alex (7 October 2021).
182:so that companies can coordinate and deliver
8:
1942:September 2021 events in the United Kingdom
867:Patel-Carstairs, Sunita (2 October 2021).
1774:"EU single market avoids supply problems"
1834:Robertson, Dominic (28 September 2021).
1772:Waterfield, Bruno (29 September 2021).
474:
1916:from the original on 30 September 2021
1883:from the original on 29 September 2021
1848:from the original on 28 September 2021
1815:from the original on 28 September 2021
1784:from the original on 29 September 2021
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1244:from the original on 27 September 2021
1211:from the original on 30 September 2021
1149:from the original on 29 September 2021
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1053:from the original on 27 September 2021
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991:from the original on 30 September 2021
784:from the original on 30 September 2021
753:from the original on 29 September 2021
714:from the original on 28 September 2021
681:from the original on 26 September 2021
646:from the original on 27 September 2021
614:from the original on 29 September 2021
562:"Petrol station stocks back to normal"
539:from the original on 26 September 2021
504:from the original on 27 September 2021
289:, Candidate for Chancellor of Germany
31:2021 United Kingdom fuel supply crisis
1803:Plummer, Robert (28 September 2021).
1419:
1417:
1415:
801:
799:
523:Sheppard, David (27 September 2021).
482:O'Carroll, Lisa (24 September 2021).
285:Former chief negotiator EU to the UK
220:Empty Sainsbury's filling station in
33:was a period of a few weeks in which
7:
1607:Collins, Sarah (28 September 2021).
1263:Rayner, Gordon (26 September 2021).
772:Morris, Sophie (29 September 2021).
665:James, William (26 September 2021).
556:
554:
1753:from the original on 2 October 2021
1673:Holmes, Harry (19 September 2021).
1640:Forrest, Adam (28 September 2021).
1481:Forrest, Adam (28 September 2021).
1462:from the original on 6 October 2021
1393:Saunders, Thomas (7 October 2021).
1180:from the original on 2 October 2021
928:McTaggart, India (4 October 2021).
909:from the original on 3 October 2021
879:from the original on 2 October 2021
848:from the original on 3 October 2021
818:from the original on 2 October 2021
448:Fuel protests in the United Kingdom
733:Gross, Jenny (28 September 2021).
14:
1902:Evans, Greg (27 September 2021).
1199:Hills, Joel (23 September 2021).
1168:Therrien, Alex (2 October 2021).
735:"Britain's Gas Crisis, Explained"
1867:Karla Adam (25 September 2021).
1572:Thys, John (27 September 2021).
1302:Bloch, Ben (27 September 2021).
103:
79:
1947:Petroleum in the United Kingdom
1527:Boffey, Daniel; Mason, Rowena;
1450:Rao, Ganesh (31 October 2021).
463:2021 global supply chain crisis
438:2012 United Kingdom fuel crisis
297:, and Deputy Leader of Ireland
1:
420:posted a parody of the song "
391:identified the impact of the
309:and Shadow Justice Secretary
259:the cause of any shortages.
148:Petrol Retailers Association
60:, whilst others blamed the
1988:
416:On 27 September, comedian
345:in haulage firm staffing.
281:Predicted impact of Brexit
278:
178:will be exempted from the
458:2021 global energy crisis
341:also cited high rates of
1952:2021 in British politics
359:Road Haulage Association
1108:"Kwasi Kwarteng: Tweet"
301:, linked the crisis to
125:of fuel. Forecourts in
1967:Consequences of Brexit
355:European Single Market
232:on 16 September where
225:
132:By 26 September 2021,
86:Queues for fuel at an
26:
1531:(27 September 2021).
1340:. 27 September 2021.
1049:. 27 September 2021.
642:. 27 September 2021.
590:(28 September 2021).
382:Members of Parliament
279:Further information:
219:
169:UK Business Secretary
37:in some parts of the
24:
180:Competition Act 1998
98:on 27 September 2021
16:Panic buying of fuel
1876:The Washington Post
934:The Daily Telegraph
263:Aggravating factors
129:were not affected.
54:heavy goods vehicle
1962:2021 in technology
1749:. 2 October 2021.
987:. 9 January 2020.
905:. 3 October 2021.
844:. 3 October 2021.
739:The New York Times
599:The New York Times
399:In popular culture
226:
184:petroleum products
90:petrol station in
27:
1614:Irish Independent
961:. 13 October 2021
568:. 22 October 2021
393:COVID-19 pandemic
374:COVID-19 pandemic
365:COVID-19 pandemic
327:COVID-19 pandemic
62:COVID-19 pandemic
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1716:. 14 July 2021.
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372:noted that the
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162:Easing measures
154:On 13 October,
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35:petrol stations
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