56:
98:'s Canadian Drought Monitor categorizes droughts in terms of precipitation percentiles on a scale of D0 to D4. D0 refers to an Abnormally Dry event that occurs once in three years; D4 refers to an exceptional drought that occurs once in fifty years. By June 2023, there were areas in Canada experiencing D0 to D3 events. Abnormally Dry lasting based on Drought categories are based on precipitation percentiles that generally related to the statistical return period.
25:
75:, which was severe across the Prairie provinces and unprecedented in British Columbia. Every province and territory was in drought simultaneously. Common factors across Canada were a quick snow melt, sometimes due to a below-average snowpack, and the warmest May-June period in more than 80 years. Moderate to severe drought conditions from British Columbia to northern Ontario persisted until fall.
287:
The provincial government first announced impending drought on June 23, when several major watersheds were already at drought level 3 and the Peace River region had hit drought level 4. At that time and throughout the drought, it only asked for voluntary water restrictions. It did not invoke the 2016
115:
After a low snowfall winter, the spring of 2023 was unusually dry throughout
Atlantic Canada, with several regions in moderate drought. Much of PEI received only a quarter of its usual rainfall, while parts of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick saw their driest April on record. In Nova Scotia, irrigation
205:
have been in moderate drought since 2020, recent drought conditions have been severe. In May 2023, Some locations in the
Prairie region—which includes Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba—reached temperatures that were 7 degrees above normal while average temperatures were reported at 3 to 5 degrees
82:
was exacerbated by the drought. Vegetation throughout Canada was exceptionally dry, leading to tinder-like conditions. Lightning strikes in Canada's west, the most common cause of wildfires in Canada, were not commonly accompanied by any significant rain. Farms in the region which still have access
132:
After an unusually low snowfall winter, Ontario and Quebec descended into drought in May, with little or no rainfall through May and the first weeks of June. Quebec's weather in particular swung rapidly between extremes: multiple frosts in south Quebec early in May, with an early extreme heat wave
106:
The drought led to a record-breaking number of forest fires across Canada. The combination of wildfire smoke and stagnant air more than tripled the number of air quality warnings issued by
Environment Canada in 2023, reaching 3,166 by August 19. At times, Toronto, Montreal, and Calgary each topped
295:
in BC's rain forest had only experienced stage 4 water restrictions four times. In 2022, stage 4 water restrictions were imposed for three months. In 2023, stage 4 restrictions were imposed in July and continued into the fall. A state of emergency was declared in the
Sunshine Coast after the main
119:
The dry conditions contributed to an unusually high number of wildfires throughout
Atlantic Canada. In May and the first week of June, Newfoundland and Labrador experienced more than 10 times its usual number of wildfires. Nova Scotia set an all-time historical record for fires, including four
177:
in May, which caused most regions to receive less than 5% of their normal rainfall. A few places recorded their driest May on record. From May 31 to June 11, the region was under an extreme fire risk. However, the drought broke in mid-June, with close to normal rainfall and only moderate heat
228:
Near-historic low water levels on the
Churchill, Winnipeg, and Saskatchewan Rivers sharply reduced the power available from several key hydroelectric generating stations. To compensate, Manitoba Hydro pulled its Brandon natural gas facility into service months ahead of its usual deep winter
123:
The drought was broken in mid June by a series of storms, including the remnants of three tropical systems. For much of the
Maritimes, the summer of 2023 turned out to be the wettest on record. By the end of September, only the north Labrador shore was still classified as abnormally dry.
335:. The first atmospheric river of fall 2023 hit BC's coastal regions with up to 200 mm of rain, but this still fell far short of the rainfall deficit for the region. Some parts of the southern Interior received up to 50 mm of rain, but most remained relatively dry because of the
299:
Agriculture in microregions, which still had access to irrigation, suffered major pest incursions from creatures seeking water and substantive nourishment. Grasshopper invasions decimated crops throughout southwest BC. After several summers of drought, a quarter of the trees in
144:
By May 31, nearly all of
Ontario and Quebec, with the exception of far western Ontario and Quebec, was under a high to extreme fire risk. By June 8, 54 fires were active in Ontario. The extreme fire risk briefly moved to northwestern Ontario before moving further west.
185:
fires. This caused a few extremely poor air quality days, including June 28, when
Toronto topped the worldwide charts for worst air quality. The smoke did not affect crop quality, although many farm workers wore N95 masks while working outside.
148:
While most of the fires in central and eastern
Ontario were stunted after rain returned in mid-June, the number and size of the Quebec fires quickly grew from 137 fires to 446 fires in just two days. The smoke from the Quebec fires funnelled to
172:
was spared the extreme drought which was hitting the rest of Ontario and Quebec. Although southern Ontario began 2023 in drought, the remainder of the winter eased the snow deficit. Rainfall remained mostly normal until an atmospheric
311:
has remained at healthy levels. It is replenished by moss which absorbs moisture directly from fog and dew and which itself requires the protection of first-growth forests. Meares Island retained its first-growth forests after the
178:
thereafter. Because crops were planted in April's moisture, the drought during May did not affect crop yields in regions south of Muskoka. The exception was a yield drag on winter wheat, which begins to ripen in early summer.
1211:
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264:, has been in drought throughout the summer months of 2023. Two-thirds of BC's water basins were in extreme to exceptional drought, with the hardest-hit areas being across the south and in the northeast
922:
556:
D0: Abnormally Dry 1 in 3 year event; D1: Moderate Drought 1 in 5 year event; D2: Severe Drought 1 in 10 year event; D3: Extreme Drought; 1 in 20 year event; D4: Exceptional Drought 1 in 50 year event.
304:'s Stanley Park have died, the highest rate of mortality in the park's history. Extremely low water levels in Vancouver Island rivers have been implicated in early salmon die-off during spawning runs.
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995:
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641:
616:
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Water Sustainability Act or make use of the 2021 Healthy Watersheds Initiative. Consequently, virtually all emergency measures were implemented at civic or regional levels.
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667:
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reservoir had fallen to critically low levels, with non-essential heavy water-using industries such as concrete installers no longer allowed to use potable water.
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328:. Tofino had expanded the reservoir and imposed water metering on several big resorts after the drought of 2006, which was not as severe as the 2023 drought.
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The first D3 Extreme Drought designation in 2023 in Canada was reported in Alberta. By the end of June because of ongoing and extreme drought conditions,
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However, southwestern Ontario was not immune from wildfire smoke. When the wind came from the northeast, smoke funnelled into the area from the
987:
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out-of-control fires by June 1st. Two fires ignited near Halifax, including a suburban fire which destroyed an estimated 200 structures.
841:
399:
1066:
https://www.simcoereformer.ca/news/local-news/record-setting-dry-spell-leaves-southwestern-ontariofarmers-waiting-and-waiting-for-rain
744:
768:
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141:. By mid-June, the province was divided between extreme rainfall in the south and extreme heat and drought in the centre and north.
805:
https://agriculture.canada.ca/atlas/data_donnees/canadianDroughtMonitor/maps_cartes/monthlyAssessments/en/2023/cdm_2309_mn_en.pdf
424:
https://agriculture.canada.ca/atlas/data_donnees/canadianDroughtMonitor/maps_cartes/monthlyAssessments/en/2023/cdm_2309_mn_en.pdf
95:
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had the worst air pollution of any major city in the world; while on the afternoon of June 25, Montreal took that title.
865:
566:
436:
1410:
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were still in severe to extreme drought at the end of September. Only central Alberta, in a wide circle centring on
55:
317:
277:
1000:
The air quality in New York City was the worst in the world Wednesday, according to IQAir.com, a tracking service.
1288:
1546:
1535:
1349:
456:"How did the Canadian wildfires start? A look at what's causing the fires that covered the East Coast in smoke"
353:
214:
60:
1088:
https://lfpress.com/news/local-news/record-setting-dry-spell-leaves-local-farmers-waiting-and-waiting-for-rain
194:
June 2023 marked the point where all eastern droughts abated and the western ones became significantly worse.
138:
348:
79:
1313:
1113:
1076:
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567:"The summer the sun turned red: Canadians wake up to the reality of climate change under a veil of smoke"
919:
245:
1192:
260:
Every part of the entire province of British Columbia, including the coastal temperate rain forest and
842:"Climate change doubled chance of weather conditions that led to record Quebec fires, researchers say"
400:"Climate change doubled chance of weather conditions that led to record Quebec fires, researchers say"
817:
782:"From cold snap to drought and rain: weather continues to affect crops across Nova Scotia | SaltWire"
169:
1487:"B.C. drought by the numbers: Vancouver, Victoria saw less than 10% of average rainfall since July"
1387:"B.C. drought by the numbers: Vancouver, Victoria saw less than 10% of average rainfall since July"
437:"Canada's wildfire season is off to an 'unprecedented' start. Here's what it could mean for the US"
769:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/weather-ryan-snoddon-wettest-summer-on-record-1.6959338
325:
988:"New York City has the worst air quality in the world as smoke from Canadian wildfires rolls in"
685:
463:
718:
642:"Farmers in Atlantic Canada battling 'abnormally dry' conditions, fearing continued drought"
617:"Farmers in Atlantic Canada battling 'abnormally dry' conditions, fearing continued drought"
332:
230:
222:
697:
668:"Dozens of wildfires reported amid dry conditions in Newfoundland and Labrador | SaltWire"
331:
Extreme drought continued until the fall on Vancouver Island, along the coast, and in the
1622:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/first-atmospheric-river-fall-bc-1.7000255
1236:
488:
38:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1422:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-drought-water-conservation-1.6887274
313:
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866:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/climate-change-crops-quebec-farmers-1.6908591
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162:
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1411:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/drought-b-c-rivers-beavers-1.6996190
1212:"After the drought of 2022, summer rain brings stability back to Ontario's farmers"
1154:"After the drought of 2022, summer rain brings stability back to Ontario's farmers"
202:
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which would not normally be started until July was required in May and early June.
715:"Nova Scotia wildfires grow, prompt air quality warnings as far south as Virginia"
134:
1584:"Canada's wettest province faces historic drought — and a precarious new future"
1560:"Canada's wettest province faces historic drought — and a precarious new future"
1559:
1513:"Canada's wettest province faces historic drought — and a precarious new future"
1512:
1463:"Canada's wettest province faces historic drought — and a precarious new future"
1462:
1448:"Canada's wettest province faces historic drought — and a precarious new future"
1447:
1363:"Canada's wettest province faces historic drought — and a precarious new future"
1362:
514:"Canada's wettest province faces historic drought — and a precarious new future"
513:
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recorded only 2 millimetres of rain instead of its normal average of 132 mm. In
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deployment. Only the Lake Winnipeg reservoir, which is refilled annually by the
84:
1583:
1013:"Poor air quality in Montreal from Quebec wildfires forces event cancellations"
1433:
467:
1547:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-drought-impacts-1.6961982
1536:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-drought-impacts-1.6961982
1350:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-drought-impacts-1.6961982
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1128:"Springtime Drought: Not Time for Panic Yet, Says U of G Crop Physiologist"
1016:
991:
249:
150:
1314:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/manitoba/manitoba-hydro-drought-1.7017960
1077:
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/windsor/windsor-weather-farmers-1.6859694
237:
198:
72:
284:, the confluence of the Fraser and Nechako Rivers had nearly run dry.
269:
68:
1100:"Canadian Wildland Fire Information System | Fire Weather Maps"
974:"Canadian Wildland Fire Information System | Fire Weather Maps"
878:"Canadian Wildland Fire Information System | Fire Weather Maps"
593:"Halifax to get much sought-after snow from the latest winter storm"
1289:"Facing extreme drought, Foothills declares agricultural disaster"
272:
saw only a quarter of its usual rainfall between July and Oct 21;
54:
950:"Canadian Wildland Fire Information System | Fire Weather Maps"
923:
National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service
745:"Rainy start to June makes inroads on dry spring for Maritimes"
1282:
1280:
18:
236:
Extreme to exceptional drought in the entire region south of
1178:"Large acreage means bigger-than-average Ontario wheat crop"
107:
the worldwide list of cities with the worst air pollution.
233:
flood, continued to operate near the middle of its range.
1193:"Air Quality in Toronto is Among the Worst in the World"
1287:
Goodwein, Tiffany; Melgar, Alejandro (June 29, 2023).
892:"Large part of Ontario now under provincial fire ban"
1114:"Drought map reveals abnormal dryness across Canada"
1043:"Southern Ontario Drought Not Like... | Syngenta CA"
535:
533:
225:
declared states of Municipal Agricultural Disaster.
709:
707:
1597:Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food (2022-12-01).
1325:Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food (2022-12-01).
1260:Canada, Agriculture and Agri-Food (2022-12-01).
1237:"Is climate change fuelling Canada's wildfires?"
489:"Is climate change fuelling Canada's wildfires?"
307:Despite the low rainfall, Tofino's reservoir on
1210:Reporter, Robert Williams Record (2023-07-13).
1152:Reporter, Robert Williams Record (2023-07-13).
920:"Smoke From Canadian Wildfires Blankets U.S."
276:had less than 10% of its usual rainfall; and
8:
67:Since the beginning of March 2023, most of
16:Severe drought impacting Canada since 2023
998:from the original on September 21, 2023.
914:
912:
818:"What drought means after early season"
365:
693:
683:
7:
240:continued into the fall. Areas from
1023:from the original on June 29, 2023
929:from the original on June 30, 2023
83:to irrigation also suffered heavy
14:
725:from the original on June 4, 2023
1235:Rannard, Georgina (2023-06-08).
545:Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
487:Rannard, Georgina (2023-06-08).
435:Ramirez, Rachel (10 June 2023).
96:Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
23:
282:Prince George, British Columbia
252:, was free of drought by fall.
1191:Bilefsky, Dan (29 June 2023).
1:
591:Corp, Pelmorex (2023-01-19).
157:, and other locations on the
1599:"Current drought conditions"
1434:"B.C.'s response to drought"
1327:"Current drought conditions"
1262:"Current drought conditions"
948:Canada, Natural Resources.
206:above normal temperatures.
1671:
541:"Canadian Drought Monitor"
454:Korte, Cara (2023-06-12).
374:"Canadian Drought Outlook"
318:Friends of Clayoquot Sound
278:Victoria, British Columbia
161:. By the night of June 6,
816:Berg, Greg (2023-07-14).
378:Department of Agriculture
32:This article needs to be
1655:2023 disasters in Canada
1650:2023 wildfires in Canada
354:Climate change in Canada
91:Canadian Drought Monitor
78:The rapid spread of the
666:Desk, Atlantic Briefs.
349:2023 Canadian wildfires
80:2023 Canadian wildfires
64:
59:Dust from dry ground,
1603:agriculture.canada.ca
1331:agriculture.canada.ca
954:cwfis.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca
320:successfully stopped
246:Northwest Territories
139:Abitibi-TĂ©miscamingue
58:
170:southwestern Ontario
597:The Weather Network
291:Prior to 2022, the
1640:Droughts in Canada
1295:. Calgary, Alberta
1197:The New York Times
696:has generic name (
571:The Globe and Mail
326:Clayoquot protests
128:Ontario and Quebec
65:
1019:. June 25, 2023.
780:Fairclough, Ian.
316:First Nation and
197:Although most of
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994:. June 8, 2023.
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925:. June 8, 2023.
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721:. June 1, 2023.
719:Associated Press
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256:British Columbia
159:Eastern Seaboard
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1180:. 10 July 2023.
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380:. June 30, 2023
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111:Atlantic Canada
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1558:Narwhal, The.
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1511:Narwhal, The.
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1461:Narwhal, The.
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61:Riverdale Park
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