109:
31:
121:
133:
145:
1654:
96:
4380:
2301:
79:
298:(DA) sought court interdicts against the shutdown in both the Western Cape and Gauteng provinces. The first interdict barring the shutdown organisers from forcibly closing businesses and roads and the second interdict declaring the shutdown protest unlawful. The court granted the DA's first interdict and denied the second interdict.
379:(ANC) thanked South Africans for not responding to the EFF's appeal to join the shutdown, and the DA also described the event as unsuccessful for the EFF and claimed that a court interdict that it had secured against intimidation during the shut down played an important role in reducing its impact.
366:
Malema described the event as “the most successful shutdown in the history of South Africa”. Despite his earlier statement, Malema blamed the cancellation of chartered busses for protesters as a reason for the lower-than-expected turnout for the shutdown. Malema also alleged that an unnecessarily
308:
Over 24,000 car tires were confiscated across the country by the authorities in the hours leading up to the shutdown. The authorities stated that the tires were placed in strategic locations with the likely intent to create road blocks and
370:
The media reported that turnout for the shutdown was lower than expected, was in fact very small, and was likely a failure for the EFF, possibly damaging the party's image in the run-up to the national elections.
259:. Polling by the Social Research Foundation that had been carried right before the shutdown reportedly found that electoral support for the EFF had strongly declined, from 12% in July 2022 to 6% in March 2023.
619:
4189:
1217:
893:
1128:
313:
on the day of the shutdown. The confiscations were allegedly assisted by EFF activists posting pictures of themselves next to piles of tires on social media, which Malema had asked them not to do.
2337:
1511:
1412:
1000:
2967:
1580:
476:
2258:
3756:
2263:
406:
Social media posts have wrongfully shared footage from a previous protest, specifically the EFF march to Eskom in
February 2020, claiming it was from the national shutdown.
1051:
3214:
2918:
974:
1326:
4444:
4359:
4293:
4366:
1901:
1363:
280:
945:
3861:
3134:
2925:
2330:
1796:
4175:
4154:
4015:
2932:
1840:
1485:
749:
723:
697:
866:
3777:
3127:
1573:
1537:
1944:
1344:
3693:
3609:
3064:
3043:
1885:
1665:
1106:
346:
1188:
4419:
4147:
2974:
3182:
1127:
Makhaye, Chris; Simelane, Bheki; Ludidi, Velani; Tshivhase, Rudzani; Stoddard, Ed; O’Regan, Victoria; Ellis, Estelle; Njilo, Nonkululeko (20 March 2023).
391:
announced ahead of the protest a reduction of load shedding due to a decrease in demand. In fact, 20 March was designated a special school holiday by the
4429:
4384:
3826:
2323:
2803:
4210:
4071:
3994:
3284:
2243:
1752:
4352:
4140:
3875:
3207:
2238:
1877:
1566:
268:
2685:
2623:
1300:
4133:
3938:
3686:
3567:
3150:
1934:
1760:
3980:
4231:
4196:
3714:
2911:
2632:
2056:
1707:
420:
2766:
4105:
3672:
2061:
800:
590:
4454:
4424:
4321:
4112:
4022:
3644:
1834:
1243:
113:
4258:
4203:
4119:
3966:
3630:
3193:
2860:
2830:
1922:
1633:
425:
256:
2743:
919:
4404:
4217:
4182:
4126:
3651:
3616:
3305:
2754:
2172:
1857:
1802:
295:
149:
3020:
3013:
337:
ceased some of its operations because of reports of intimidation. The situation was described as largely "quiet" in the provinces of
4439:
4001:
3868:
3847:
3805:
3347:
2305:
1981:
1852:
1438:
1269:
1157:
305:
stated that there would be no forcibly imposed national shutdown and that they had put measures in place to assure people's safety.
504:
1079:
450:
4434:
3931:
3770:
2939:
2853:
2796:
1996:
1828:
367:
strong presence by the police and army and an unexpected lack of loadsheading also negatively impacted turnout for the protests.
4161:
3924:
3840:
3721:
3707:
3679:
2946:
2890:
2273:
1846:
1697:
231:
3099:
3910:
3819:
3574:
3333:
1727:
1129:"EFF 'SHUTDOWN' SHOWDOWN: Bus pelted with stones, Malema leads march to Union Buildings, with scores arrested in parts of SA"
841:
430:
4064:
4050:
3973:
3854:
3812:
3791:
3665:
3228:
3106:
2874:
2596:
1638:
561:
451:"EFF 'NATIONAL SHUTDOWN' UPDATES | 'The fear of the EFF protest has brought the country to a standstill': Gayton McKenzie"
392:
330:
4328:
4272:
4098:
3987:
3959:
3896:
3588:
3446:
1872:
1790:
1702:
1643:
1603:
775:
302:
125:
3113:
670:
4265:
4168:
4043:
3952:
3798:
3157:
2278:
2248:
2165:
2086:
239:
30:
399:
previously declared in
January 2023 that there would be a load shedding relief by end of March. Electricity minister
4449:
3735:
3256:
3164:
3120:
2897:
2775:
2674:
2288:
2218:
2051:
1991:
1742:
1722:
1712:
750:"Can I catch a bus, plane or taxi? Will essential services be running?- What to know about the 'national shutdown'"
100:
4279:
3917:
3749:
3742:
3700:
3414:
3361:
3249:
3200:
2981:
2639:
2283:
2208:
1939:
1917:
1907:
1692:
1653:
415:
376:
272:
227:
137:
83:
4091:
3354:
3006:
2253:
2228:
2016:
1896:
1813:
1717:
1589:
1463:
815:
2646:
3728:
3623:
3490:
3340:
3221:
2953:
2736:
2268:
2098:
321:
On the day of the shutdown significant protest action and violence was reported in the EFF strong holds of
4409:
3298:
3263:
2465:
2041:
1770:
1628:
532:
387:
Julius Malema claimed that the shutdown helped reduce load shedding. However, the national power utility
3833:
3763:
3658:
3553:
3407:
3057:
2837:
2750:
2545:
2365:
2213:
2198:
2006:
1912:
1687:
1608:
1512:"Electricity minister denies EFF's 'national shutdown' had anything to do with load-shedding suspension"
400:
255:
speculated that the shutdown was a "dry-run" for the EFF's campaigning abilities in preparation for the
477:"All hands on deck: Western Cape cops, army, metro police on high alert amid planned national shutdown"
1025:
3581:
3467:
3235:
3171:
2904:
2667:
2660:
2612:
2395:
2158:
1393:
1218:"Malema hints EFF shutdown low turn-out due to canceled buses, ANC thanks SA for not joining marches"
645:
4414:
4036:
4008:
3882:
3400:
3393:
3326:
3291:
3242:
2722:
2529:
2151:
2031:
1976:
1954:
1682:
1623:
291:
refused to support the shutdown stating that they did not want the economy to be further damaged.
2729:
2130:
2104:
1413:"WATCH | Shutdown was an 'overwhelming success' and helped reduce load shedding, Malema insists"
396:
251:
4314:
4300:
3637:
3453:
3277:
2867:
2457:
2387:
2203:
2123:
1538:"FALSE: This video is not of Julius Malema's organised 2023 national shutdown in South Africa"
1001:"DA's bid to interdict EFF's shutdown dismissed, but party interdicted from inciting violence"
353:. An estimated 150,000 people were reported to have attended the shutdown across the country.
288:
4238:
3602:
3312:
3092:
2782:
2537:
2505:
2441:
2233:
2092:
1929:
1808:
194:
894:"Monday, 20 March 2023 is coming – are you prepared? Tips to survive the national shutdown"
3560:
3474:
3368:
3036:
2960:
2881:
2605:
2489:
2481:
2473:
2449:
2193:
2079:
2046:
2001:
1962:
1891:
1389:
235:
182:
4307:
4029:
3903:
3546:
3460:
3143:
3085:
3078:
3071:
2789:
2715:
2561:
2521:
2011:
1818:
1732:
1364:"DA's Solly Malatsi says 'national shutdown' was a mountain that gave birth to a mouse"
186:
175:
1107:"National Shutdown: Malema says those posing with tyres are exposing EFF to the enemy"
4398:
4224:
3945:
3050:
3029:
2999:
2992:
2701:
2036:
2021:
1823:
1785:
1737:
1618:
1052:"EFF shutdown: 87 arrested in 12 hours for public violence, 24 300 tyres confiscated"
338:
243:
198:
171:
2315:
3889:
3498:
3319:
3270:
2433:
2347:
2223:
1189:"ANALYSIS: Gaslighters-in-Chief: The true meaning of the EFF's big national fizzle"
975:"EFF shutdown: Business as usual for Santaco taxi drivers as cops lay down the law"
946:"Carl Niehaus says deployment of law enforcers reminiscent of 1976 Soweto uprising"
350:
342:
276:
246:, warned businesses countrywide to close their doors or risk being looted by them.
56:
1327:
Malema’s day of humiliation – South Africa must return to mass democratic politics
867:"New poll shows EFF, DA losing support, and the ANC gaining – but there's a catch"
3482:
2425:
2144:
591:"EFF national shutdown: what you need to know about what's happening around SA"
4057:
3595:
2708:
2653:
2513:
2497:
1244:"EFF national shutdown: minor disruptions erupt but largely business as usual"
284:
190:
1301:"EFF National Shutdown: Did it have the desired effect? No, is the answer..."
3516:
3507:
3438:
2844:
2821:
2810:
2137:
2026:
1780:
698:"EXPLAINED | Where and who may be affected by the EFF's 'national shutdown'"
372:
310:
1558:
724:"The lid will be taken off the pot, says SAFTU ahead of national shutdown"
4286:
3784:
3429:
2553:
2410:
1486:"Eskom CEO André de Ruyter hints at load shedding relief by end of March"
2694:
1613:
1397:
1270:"National Shutdown: EFF supporters decry deployment of security forces"
326:
322:
36:
562:"South Africa's energy crisis deepens as blackouts hit 12 hours a day"
345:, but two roads were reportedly closed by the burning of tires in the
3421:
2577:
2356:
1986:
505:"DA welcomes High Court interdict of EFF national shutdown violence"
2569:
403:
also denied any involvement of EFF with load-shedding suspension.
388:
334:
1439:"FALSE: The Economic Freedom Fighters did not stop load shedding"
920:"Cape Town taxi body backs EFF shutdown call but won't take part"
1158:"SANDF deployment during national shutdown was "wasteful" - EFF"
1080:"87 shutdown protestors arrested, more than 24 000 tyres seized"
2319:
1562:
1652:
776:"National shutdown: 57 people arrested, confirms Bheki Cele"
671:"Everything you need to know about the "national shutdown""
533:"National Shutdown | Over 3,000 soldiers deployed | eNCA"
375:
stated that the shutdown was a failure for the EFF. The
1345:"EFF's national shutdown was a failure, says AfriForum"
1322:
1320:
16:
Protest In response to the South
African Energy Crisis
1026:"DA interdict to halt national shutdown fails | eNCA"
333:
home was allegedly bombed and national bus operator
4342:
4248:
4081:
3536:
3527:
3385:
3181:
2820:
2765:
2684:
2622:
2595:
2588:
2354:
2186:
2113:
2071:
1970:
1953:
1871:
1768:
1751:
1675:
1664:
1596:
892:Rapuleng, Thabang; Mila, Tamsanqa (13 March 2023).
212:
207:
162:
63:
51:
43:
23:
842:"Support for populist EFF has plunged, poll shows"
234:. The EFF called for the resignation of President
283:(Areta) participated in support of the shutdown.
1902:People Against Suffering, Oppression and Poverty
1390:"Malema: After so many months with Loadshedding"
281:African Radical Economic Transformation Alliance
3135:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
1797:Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa
814:Tandwa, Lizeka; Harper, Paddy (17 March 2023).
2331:
1574:
8:
1841:South African Liberal Students' Association
3533:
2592:
2338:
2324:
2316:
2068:
1672:
1581:
1567:
1559:
226:was a protest held by the political party
29:
20:
1464:"2023 SCHOOL CALENDAR FOR PUBLIC SCHOOLS"
816:"Shutdown is EFF's dry run for the polls"
4445:Riots and civil disorder in South Africa
3208:Reconstruction and Development Programme
968:
966:
269:South African Federation of Trade Unions
2804:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
646:"D-Day looms for EFF national shutdown"
442:
3285:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
1362:Mashigo, Lehlohonolo (21 March 2023).
1343:Mashigo, Lehlohonolo (20 March 2023).
499:
497:
421:2021 South African municipal elections
1294:
1292:
1290:
1211:
1209:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1151:
1149:
1122:
1120:
1074:
1072:
7:
1835:People Against Gangsterism and Drugs
999:Ngcobo, Khanyisile (18 March 2023).
801:"National Shutdown As Its Happening"
620:"Failed Arson Attempts in Cape Town"
618:Francke, Robin-Lee (20 March 2023).
613:
611:
584:
582:
555:
553:
527:
525:
224:2023 South African National Shutdown
114:South African National Defence Force
24:2023 South African National Shutdown
3215:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
2861:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
1923:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
944:Kgosana, Rorisang (20 March 2023).
426:2019 South African general election
4420:Civil disobedience in South Africa
1858:Zabalaza Anarchist Communist Front
1803:Congress of South African Students
840:Sguazzin, Antony (27 March 2023).
748:Nkanjeni, Unathi (16 March 2023).
696:Nkanjeni, Unathi (16 March 2023).
14:
4430:March 2023 events in South Africa
4367:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
4002:South African Party (Cape Colony)
1388:@EFFSouthAfrica (23 March 2023).
230:on 20 March 2023, the day before
4379:
4378:
2300:
2299:
2093:"Dubul' ibhunu" (Shoot the Boer)
1829:Lesbian and Gay Equality Project
1187:Davis, Rebecca (20 March 2023).
1105:Simpson, Storm (17 March 2023).
1050:McCain, Nicole (20 March 2023).
918:Stoltz, Eunice (15 March 2023).
560:Ziady, Hanna (18 January 2023).
143:
131:
119:
107:
94:
77:
4016:South African Party (1977–1980)
4009:South African Party (1911–1934)
3925:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
3722:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
1847:South African Students Congress
1299:Wagiet, Rafiq (20 March 2023).
1156:Helfrich, Kim (24 March 2023).
3334:2019 service delivery protests
3320:#FeesMustFall student protests
3065:1983 constitutional referendum
1761:South Africa political parties
431:2019 service delivery protests
1:
3792:Johannesburg Reform Committee
3021:Israel–South Africa Agreement
2414:
2399:
2376:
2369:
1997:(Don't) touch me on my studio
1853:South African Wine Initiative
1471:Department of Basic Education
393:Department of Basic Education
3447:Black Consciousness Movement
3201:Government of National Unity
1945:Unemployed Peoples' Movement
1791:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
303:South African Police Service
267:In addition to the EFF, the
126:South African Police Service
4455:2023 crimes in South Africa
4425:March 2023 crimes in Africa
3158:Saint James Church massacre
3044:Weapons of mass destruction
2173:No Land! No House! No Vote!
2087:No Land! No House! No Vote!
1536:PesaCheck (20 March 2023).
1437:PesaCheck (30 March 2023).
329:provinces where EFF critic
4471:
2898:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
2776:South West Africa campaign
2675:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
2640:French Huguenot settlement
395:in 2022. Former Eskom CEO
101:Government of South Africa
4405:Economic Freedom Fighters
4376:
4353:African National Congress
3813:Liberal Party (1953–1968)
3151:1992 apartheid referendum
2297:
1940:Treatment Action Campaign
1918:Landless Peoples Movement
1886:South Africa trade unions
1650:
416:2021 South African unrest
377:African National Congress
242:. The leader of the EFF,
228:Economic Freedom Fighters
167:
138:African National Congress
84:Economic Freedom Fighters
68:
28:
4440:Protests in South Africa
3806:Labour Party (1969–1994)
3799:Labour Party (1910–1958)
3355:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
3313:#RhodesMustFall protests
2912:1960 republic referendum
2259:Political assassinations
1935:Social Justice Coalition
1897:Mandela Park Backyarders
1590:Politics of South Africa
4435:Looting in South Africa
4251:terrorist organisations
3341:2019 Johannesburg riots
2954:Constructive engagement
2919:International isolation
2737:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
2099:One Settler, One Bullet
3264:Attack on Kennedy Road
2875:Congress of the People
2466:South African Republic
2057:Anti-Chinese sentiment
2042:White monopoly capital
1908:Poor People's Alliance
1658:
383:Incidents of fake news
357:Response and reactions
263:Run up to the shutdown
257:2024 general elections
3834:Natal Indian Congress
3554:Afrikaner Broederbond
3408:Afrikaner nationalism
3194:1994 general election
3165:Bophuthatswana crisis
3058:Church Street bombing
2838:Apartheid legislation
2831:1948 general election
2751:South Africa Act 1909
2546:Union of South Africa
2366:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
2346:Political history of
2244:Legacies of apartheid
2105:"Each One, Teach One"
2062:Anti-Indian sentiment
2007:Proudly South African
1913:Abahlali baseMjondolo
1688:Afrikaner nationalism
1656:
898:Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr
475:Mthethwa, Cebelihle.
401:Kgosientsho Ramokgopa
3468:Greater South Africa
3306:2014 platinum strike
3172:Shell House massacre
3100:Transkei coup d'Ă©tat
2905:Sharpeville massacre
2668:Battle of Blaauwberg
2661:Battle of Muizenberg
2613:Battle of Salt River
2396:Mthethwa Paramountcy
2264:Political repression
2159:Long Walk to Freedom
1657:Flag of South Africa
1268:Mokhoali, Veronica.
4360:Democratic Alliance
3537:Civic and political
3401:Afrikaner Calvinism
3394:African nationalism
3243:African Renaissance
2933:UNSC Resolution 591
2854:Internal resistance
2755:National Convention
2723:Transvaal Civil War
2647:Khoikhoi–Dutch Wars
2530:Orange River Colony
2254:Phala Phala robbery
2152:I Write What I Like
1977:African Renaissance
1703:Black consciousness
1683:African nationalism
1242:Ramushwana, Alpha.
973:Solomons, Lisalee.
589:Ramushwana, Alpha.
509:Democratic Alliance
296:Democratic Alliance
150:Democratic Alliance
3107:Ciskei coup d'Ă©tat
2926:UN Resolution 1761
2891:Women's March 1956
2744:South African Wars
2730:Mineral Revolution
1659:
1510:Nkanjeni, Unathi.
347:Nelson Mandela Bay
287:companies such as
4450:Conflicts in 2023
4392:
4391:
4345:political parties
4338:
4337:
4315:Orde van die Dood
3932:Progressive Party
3638:Congress Alliance
3454:Cape Independence
3386:Political culture
3381:
3380:
3348:COVID-19 pandemic
3278:Marikana massacre
3114:Venda coup d'Ă©tat
2868:Defiance Campaign
2458:Orange Free State
2388:Dutch Cape Colony
2313:
2312:
2204:Cape Independence
2182:
2181:
2124:African Communist
2080:Amandla Ngawethu!
1982:Alternative media
1971:Political culture
1963:South African law
1867:
1866:
1753:Political parties
1411:Ditabo, Malaika.
1329:, Imraan Buccus,
1111:The South African
774:Gounden, Tamika.
252:Mail and Guardian
220:
219:
158:
157:
35:Demonstrators at
4462:
4382:
4381:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4331:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4249:Paramilitary and
4241:
4239:Umkosi Wezintaba
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4164:
4157:
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4084:social movements
4082:Trade unions and
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3941:
3934:
3927:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3871:
3864:
3857:
3850:
3843:
3836:
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3773:
3766:
3759:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3647:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3603:Boerestaat Party
3598:
3591:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3534:
3520:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3486:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3433:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3374:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:
3196:
3174:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3146:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3109:
3102:
3095:
3093:Dakar Conference
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3032:
3023:
3016:
3014:Israeli alliance
3009:
3002:
2995:
2984:
2977:
2970:
2968:Sporting boycott
2963:
2956:
2949:
2942:
2940:Academic boycott
2935:
2928:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2797:Great Depression
2792:
2785:
2783:Maritz rebellion
2778:
2758:
2746:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2633:Dutch settlement
2615:
2608:
2606:Bantu migrations
2593:
2581:
2573:
2565:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2538:Transvaal Colony
2533:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2506:Nieuwe Republiek
2501:
2493:
2485:
2477:
2469:
2461:
2453:
2445:
2442:Natalia Republic
2437:
2429:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2411:Ndwandwe Kingdom
2406:
2404:
2401:
2391:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2317:
2303:
2302:
2239:Land occupations
2234:Labour brokering
2166:Molotov Cocktail
2069:
1930:Reclaim the City
1878:Social movements
1809:Earthlife Africa
1708:Environmentalism
1673:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1560:
1553:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1481:
1475:
1474:
1473:. 18 March 2022.
1468:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1340:
1334:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1296:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1184:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1153:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1076:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
996:
990:
989:
987:
985:
970:
961:
960:
958:
956:
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
915:
909:
908:
906:
904:
889:
883:
882:
880:
878:
863:
857:
856:
854:
852:
837:
831:
830:
828:
826:
811:
805:
804:
803:. 20 March 2023.
797:
791:
790:
788:
786:
771:
765:
764:
762:
760:
745:
739:
738:
736:
734:
719:
713:
712:
710:
708:
693:
687:
686:
684:
682:
667:
661:
660:
658:
656:
641:
635:
634:
632:
630:
615:
606:
605:
603:
601:
586:
577:
576:
574:
572:
557:
548:
547:
545:
543:
529:
520:
519:
517:
515:
501:
492:
491:
489:
487:
472:
466:
465:
463:
461:
447:
232:Human Rights Day
195:John Steenhuisen
148:
147:
146:
136:
135:
134:
124:
123:
122:
112:
111:
110:
99:
98:
97:
82:
81:
80:
70:
69:
37:Tsakane, Gauteng
33:
21:
4470:
4469:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4459:
4395:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4372:
4365:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4306:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4250:
4244:
4237:
4230:
4223:
4216:
4209:
4202:
4195:
4188:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4035:
4028:
4021:
4014:
4007:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3951:
3944:
3937:
3930:
3923:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3874:
3867:
3860:
3853:
3846:
3839:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3811:
3804:
3797:
3790:
3783:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3755:
3750:HNP (Herstigte)
3748:
3743:HNP (Herenigde)
3741:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3561:Afrikaner Party
3559:
3552:
3545:
3538:
3529:
3523:
3514:
3505:
3496:
3489:
3480:
3475:Honorary whites
3473:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3445:
3436:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3377:
3367:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3236:Soweto bombings
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3037:Soweto Uprising
3035:
3028:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2991:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2961:Tar Baby Option
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:Freedom Charter
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2852:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2816:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2781:
2774:
2761:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2680:
2673:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2631:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2520:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2488:
2482:Griqualand West
2480:
2474:Griqualand East
2472:
2464:
2456:
2448:
2440:
2432:
2424:
2417:
2409:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2350:
2344:
2314:
2309:
2293:
2274:Sexual violence
2194:Corrective rape
2178:
2115:
2109:
2067:
2047:Ungovernability
2002:Freedom Charter
1966:
1949:
1892:Equal Education
1876:
1863:
1772:
1764:
1747:
1667:
1660:
1648:
1592:
1587:
1557:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1436:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1419:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1333:, 20 March 2023
1325:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1250:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1197:
1195:
1186:
1185:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1086:. 20 March 2023
1078:
1077:
1070:
1060:
1058:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1009:
1007:
998:
997:
993:
983:
981:
972:
971:
964:
954:
952:
943:
942:
938:
928:
926:
917:
916:
912:
902:
900:
891:
890:
886:
876:
874:
873:. 28 March 2023
865:
864:
860:
850:
848:
839:
838:
834:
824:
822:
813:
812:
808:
799:
798:
794:
784:
782:
773:
772:
768:
758:
756:
747:
746:
742:
732:
730:
722:Patrick, Alex.
721:
720:
716:
706:
704:
695:
694:
690:
680:
678:
677:. 19 March 2023
669:
668:
664:
654:
652:
644:Madia, Tshidi.
643:
642:
638:
628:
626:
617:
616:
609:
599:
597:
588:
587:
580:
570:
568:
559:
558:
551:
541:
539:
531:
530:
523:
513:
511:
503:
502:
495:
485:
483:
474:
473:
469:
459:
457:
449:
448:
444:
439:
412:
397:André de Ruyter
385:
364:
359:
319:
265:
236:Cyril Ramaphosa
203:
202:
197:
193:
189:
185:
183:Cyril Ramaphosa
179:
174:
154:
144:
142:
132:
130:
120:
118:
108:
106:
95:
93:
88:
78:
76:
59:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4468:
4466:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4396:
4390:
4389:
4377:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4363:
4356:
4348:
4346:
4340:
4339:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4308:Ossewabrandwag
4304:
4297:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4262:
4254:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4151:
4144:
4137:
4130:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4087:
4085:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4075:
4068:
4061:
4054:
4051:Unionist Party
4047:
4040:
4033:
4030:Torch Commando
4026:
4019:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3991:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3942:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3904:Orde Boerevolk
3900:
3893:
3886:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3680:DP (1989–2000)
3676:
3673:DP (1973–1977)
3669:
3666:Dominion Party
3662:
3655:
3648:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3547:Afrikaner Bond
3542:
3540:
3531:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3512:
3503:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3461:Day of the Vow
3457:
3450:
3443:
3434:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3382:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3365:
3358:
3351:
3344:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3309:
3302:
3295:
3288:
3281:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3229:Floor crossing
3225:
3218:
3211:
3204:
3197:
3189:
3187:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3144:Bisho massacre
3140:
3139:
3138:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3086:Operation Vula
3082:
3079:Rubicon speech
3075:
3072:Langa massacre
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3010:
3003:
2996:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2978:
2964:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2929:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2834:
2826:
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2790:Rand Rebellion
2786:
2779:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2747:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2719:
2716:Boer Republics
2712:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2636:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2609:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2586:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2562:Bophuthatswana
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2522:Klein Vrystaat
2518:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2478:
2470:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2438:
2430:
2422:
2407:
2392:
2384:
2361:
2359:
2352:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2335:
2328:
2320:
2311:
2310:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2134:
2127:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2073:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2022:Tenderpreneurs
2019:
2014:
2012:Rainbow nation
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1959:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1894:
1882:
1880:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1838:
1832:
1826:
1821:
1819:Khanya College
1816:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1794:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1765:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1733:Pan-Africanism
1730:
1728:Libertarianism
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1563:
1555:
1554:
1528:
1502:
1484:Felix, Jason.
1476:
1455:
1429:
1403:
1396:) – via
1380:
1354:
1335:
1331:Daily Maverick
1316:
1286:
1260:
1234:
1216:Felix, Jason.
1205:
1193:Daily Maverick
1174:
1145:
1133:Daily Maverick
1116:
1097:
1068:
1042:
1017:
991:
962:
936:
910:
884:
858:
832:
806:
792:
766:
740:
714:
688:
662:
636:
607:
578:
549:
521:
493:
467:
441:
440:
438:
435:
434:
433:
428:
423:
418:
411:
408:
384:
381:
363:
360:
358:
355:
331:Nhlanhla Lux's
318:
315:
277:Carl Niehaus's
264:
261:
238:and an end to
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
205:
204:
187:Paul Mashatile
180:
176:Floyd Shivambu
169:
168:
165:
164:
160:
159:
156:
155:
153:
152:
140:
128:
116:
91:
89:
87:
86:
73:
66:
65:
61:
60:
55:
53:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4467:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:2023 protests
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4387:
4386:
4375:
4368:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4341:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4247:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:Die Spoorbund
4222:
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3018:
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3000:Durban Moment
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2993:Rivonia Trial
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2037:UnFreedom Day
2035:
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339:KwaZulu-Natal
336:
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316:
314:
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306:
304:
299:
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292:
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286:
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279:newly formed
278:
274:
271:(SAFTU), the
270:
262:
260:
258:
254:
253:
247:
245:
244:Julius Malema
241:
240:load-shedding
237:
233:
229:
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216:500 confirmed
215:
211:
206:
201:
200:
199:Thandi Modise
196:
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184:
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172:Julius Malema
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58:
54:
50:
47:20 March 2023
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
4383:
4343:Histories of
4044:United Party
3953:Reform Party
3890:Orangia Unie
3515:
3506:
3499:Swart gevaar
3497:
3481:
3437:
3428:
3369:
3271:Blikkiesdorp
2597:Pre-colonial
2450:Natal Colony
2434:Zulu Kingdom
2348:South Africa
2304:
2224:Gupta family
2219:Farm attacks
2171:
2164:
2157:
2150:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2122:
1960:
1883:
1873:Trade unions
1799:(CONTRALESA)
1758:
1644:Western Cape
1604:Eastern Cape
1545:. Retrieved
1541:
1531:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:
1505:
1493:. Retrieved
1489:
1479:
1470:
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1442:
1432:
1420:. Retrieved
1416:
1406:
1383:
1371:. Retrieved
1367:
1357:
1348:
1338:
1330:
1307:. Retrieved
1303:
1277:. Retrieved
1273:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1247:
1237:
1225:. Retrieved
1221:
1196:. Retrieved
1192:
1165:. Retrieved
1161:
1136:. Retrieved
1132:
1110:
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1083:
1059:. Retrieved
1055:
1045:
1033:. Retrieved
1030:www.enca.com
1029:
1020:
1008:. Retrieved
1004:
994:
982:. Retrieved
978:
953:. Retrieved
949:
939:
927:. Retrieved
923:
913:
901:. Retrieved
897:
887:
875:. Retrieved
871:businesstech
870:
861:
849:. Retrieved
845:
835:
823:. Retrieved
819:
809:
795:
783:. Retrieved
779:
769:
757:. Retrieved
753:
743:
731:. Retrieved
727:
717:
705:. Retrieved
701:
691:
679:. Retrieved
674:
665:
653:. Retrieved
649:
639:
627:. Retrieved
623:
598:. Retrieved
594:
569:. Retrieved
565:
540:. Retrieved
537:www.enca.com
536:
512:. Retrieved
508:
484:. Retrieved
480:
470:
458:. Retrieved
454:
445:
405:
386:
369:
365:
351:Eastern Cape
349:area in the
343:Western Cape
320:
307:
300:
293:
285:Minibus taxi
266:
250:
248:
223:
221:
181:
170:
163:Lead figures
92:
57:South Africa
18:
3483:Rooi gevaar
3362:2021 unrest
3292:Nkandlagate
3121:Third Force
2982:Rugby union
2580:(1981–1994)
2572:(1979–1994)
2564:(1977–1994)
2556:(1976–1994)
2548:(1910–1961)
2540:(1902–1910)
2532:(1902–1910)
2524:(1886–1891)
2516:(1885–1887)
2508:(1884–1888)
2500:(1882–1885)
2492:(1882–1883)
2484:(1870–1873)
2476:(1861–1879)
2468:(1856–1902)
2460:(1854–1902)
2452:(1843–1910)
2444:(1839–1843)
2436:(1816–1897)
2428:(1795–1910)
2426:Cape Colony
2418: 1780
2403: 1780
2390:(1652–1806)
2380: 1220
2373: 1075
2289:Third Force
2279:Shack fires
2116:periodicals
1597:By province
4415:2023 riots
4399:Categories
4294:Greyshirts
4058:Volksparty
3596:Black Sash
3257:Xenophobia
3250:Travelgate
3007:Border War
2811:Bantustans
2709:Great Trek
2654:Xhosa Wars
2514:Upingtonia
2498:Stellaland
2052:Xenophobia
1992:Corruption
1743:Trotskyism
1723:Liberalism
1713:Federalism
1676:Ideologies
1634:North West
1629:Mpumalanga
1609:Free State
1162:defenceWeb
437:References
362:Assessment
311:set alight
273:Land Party
208:Casualties
191:Bheki Cele
3517:Volkstaat
3508:Uitlander
3439:Boerehaat
3415:Anarchism
3222:Arms Deal
3185:apartheid
2845:Pass laws
2822:Apartheid
2767:1910–1948
2686:1815–1910
2624:1652–1815
2284:Terrorism
2214:e-tolling
2209:Elections
2138:ANC Today
2114:Books and
2027:Toyi-toyi
1814:Keep Left
1781:AfriForum
1771:political
1693:Anarchism
1668:movements
1666:Political
1516:TimesLIVE
1274:ewn.co.za
1248:ewn.co.za
1005:TimesLIVE
950:TimesLIVE
780:ewn.co.za
754:TimesLIVE
702:TimesLIVE
650:ewn.co.za
595:ewn.co.za
455:TimesLIVE
373:AfriForum
4385:Category
4287:Boeremag
3785:Jeugkrag
3736:Het Volk
3430:Baasskap
3372:incident
2975:Olympics
2554:Transkei
2357:polities
2355:Defunct
2306:Category
2269:Protests
2229:HIV/AIDS
2017:Renaming
1904:(PASSOP)
1718:Feminism
1698:Anti-war
1373:21 March
1309:21 March
1304:CapeTalk
1279:21 March
1253:21 March
1227:21 March
1198:21 March
1167:30 March
1138:23 March
1090:20 March
1084:mg.co.za
1061:20 March
1035:23 March
1010:23 March
984:23 March
955:23 March
929:23 March
924:mg.co.za
903:23 March
877:30 March
851:30 March
846:Moneyweb
825:20 March
820:mg.co.za
785:20 March
759:20 March
733:19 March
707:19 March
681:19 March
655:19 March
629:20 March
600:20 March
571:20 March
542:19 March
514:20 March
486:20 March
460:20 March
410:See also
341:and the
213:Arrested
52:Location
4190:SAAPAWU
3528:Defunct
3491:Slavery
2695:Mfecane
2249:Lindela
2131:Amandla
2072:Slogans
1849:(SASCO)
1843:(SALSA)
1837:(PAGAD)
1805:(COSAS)
1624:Limpopo
1614:Gauteng
1398:Twitter
327:Gauteng
323:Limpopo
289:Santaco
64:Parties
4141:FOSATU
3995:SAYRCO
3967:SADECO
3883:Occupy
3422:Azania
3370:Lady R
3299:Racism
3128:CODESA
2589:Events
2578:Ciskei
2490:Goshen
2420:–1819)
2405:–1817)
2032:Ubuntu
1987:Azania
1860:(ZACF)
1831:(LGEP)
1769:Other
1547:26 May
1542:Medium
1521:25 May
1495:25 May
1490:News24
1448:25 May
1443:Medium
1422:25 May
1417:News24
1222:News24
1056:News24
979:News24
728:News24
675:Rekord
481:News24
317:Impact
275:, and
4322:PAGAD
4218:SATUC
4211:SARHU
4197:SACTU
4176:NURHS
4134:FNETU
4120:CTSWU
4113:CNETU
4106:BLATU
3988:SAYCO
3876:NUSAS
3757:IDASA
3568:AITUP
3183:Post-
2570:Venda
2199:Crime
2187:Other
1793:(AWB)
1467:(PDF)
1394:Tweet
389:Eskom
335:Putco
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