353:
19:
177:
Centre Policy Report of 1966. The Outer
Circuit Road was designed to take long-distance through traffic as well as local cross-city traffic, thus allowing the Inner Circuit Road to fulfil its intended function as a purely local distributor road. Although it was proposed to build the Outer Circuit Road as a free-flowing two-lane dual carriageway of urban motorway standard, it was nonetheless anticipated that by 2010 some sections, such as Cheltenham Road to the M32, would be operating at capacity. Therefore, the 1966 report proposed that the road would have to be widened to three-lane dual carriageway along its entire length, and that five of the junctions with the main radial roads would need to be grade separated.
101:
65:
169:
643:
532:
515:
587:
160:; a similar elevated pedestrian system was partially completed at Lewins Mead and Rupert Street, whilst at St James Barton pedestrians were consigned below the roads in what became known as the Bear Pit. This vertical segregation infrastructure, consisting largely of unattractive concrete steps and walkways with poor accessibility, was never popular with pedestrians and much of it has subsequently been removed.
615:
Basin at its western extremity. The dual carriageway across Queen Square was closed, at first experimentally, in 1992; Redcliffe
Flyover was demolished in 1998 to be replaced with the Temple Circus Gyratory, which in turn was further simplified in 2017. The road across Quay Head was removed during the 1998 remodelling of The Centre, effectively decommissioning the whole western half of the Inner Circuit Road.
262:
224:
666:
Road near Sandy Park Road. Controversially it made no provision for pedestrians or cyclists, though as a concession some unsatisfactory circuitous routes were signposted at ground level. After the
Bristol Development Corporation was dissolved and control passed back to Bristol City Council, basic cycle and pedestrian facilities were added.
323:. The new route was to be an elevated road running in a straight line parallel to East St and West St, crossing under the Bristol to Exeter railway west of Bedminster Station, then continuing to a flyover intersection with Outer Circuit Road at Sheene Road before joining the A38 at Bridgwater Rd near its junction with Bishopsworth Rd.
665:
The core of this plan was a new road, named St
Philips Causeway but generally known as the Spine Road. This is a dual carriageway built largely on a viaduct, which initially follows the planned route of the Outer Circuit Road south from Lawrence Hill before turning south-east and connecting with Bath
614:
diverted further traffic away from the central area. Plans were developed to reduce through traffic on
Redcliffe Way, diverting traffic via Perry Road and Jacobs Wells Road to the north, and Coronation Rd to the south, effectively turning the Inner Circuit route into an elongated loop with Cumberland
598:
Church had damaged the setting of an important building, and a scheme to realign the road close to
Portwall Lane was proposed. The scheme included an overpass for northbound traffic turning right from Redcliffe St onto Redcliffe Way, and a new enlarged roundabout to the north. This, together with the
269:
The M32 forms the main link between central
Bristol and the M4 and M5 motorways. Its construction in the 1970s involved the destruction of historic parkland at Stoke Park and a large railway viaduct at Muller Road, and at its southern end extensive demolition was required. However, as with Easton Way
207:
the topography was more difficult and local opposition was wealthier and more articulate. A Campaign against the Outer
Circuit Road was established, and begun to put pressure on the Secretary of State and local politicians. Despite this, construction of Easton Way was completed, and in steeply-hilled
563:
Opportunities for major new highways within the city, without significant disruption to the existing urban fabric, are extremely limited. Past experience shows that while they may relieve certain areas, the impact of any new road frequently spreads well beyond its immediate corridor and that without
441:
Nominally a free-flow junction, the interchange links the A370 from the southwest with the A3029 (itself a link to the A38 at
Bedminster) and the A4 Portway. Where the main flyover crosses the western end of Spike Island, slip roads connect to minor local roads leading to Cumberland Rd; these appear
337:
For nearly 20 years, the link from
Bedminster Bridge Roundabout to Bedminster Parade was known as 'Wixon's Kink' due to its sharp deviation around the premises of Wixon's ladies underwear shop. The proprietor, Edward Wixon, was frustrated after being asked to vacate the premises just one month after
289:
In the 1966 report, a three-lane dual-carriageway road was planned to replace the West Street one-way system, giving a direct high-capacity link between the Inner Circuit Road at Temple Way and the Outer Circuit Road at Easton Way. These plans heralded decades of planning blight in Old Market Street
373:
The route had changed significantly by 1972 when the Casson Conder report was published. The eastern terminus of the road had become a new large free-flow junction with the Outer Circuit Road, by then diverted to the east of its 1966 proposed alignment. This junction, together with associated links
176:
Bristol's post-war development plan of 1952 contained plans for an Outer Circuit Road forming a circuit of Bristol's inner suburbs. These were refined following an origin and destination study conducted in 1963 and published, together with plans for eight enhanced radial routes, in the Bristol City
148:
Construction work restarted in the early 1960s with Phase 3 from St James Barton to Wellington Road. A 318m re-erectable flyover was constructed at Victoria St in 1967, and the Temple Way Underpass was completed in 1968. By 1970, with the construction of the last few links at Lewins Mead and Rupert
417:
flyover system started in 1962, with the demolition of houses in Brunswick Place (now the site of Bristol Gate) followed by the felling of trees in Ashton Park to make way for the approach road. The interchange was opened in April 1965. The complexity of the intersection, due in part to its highly
302:
was to become a three-lane dual carriageway. At Victoria Street the junction would be developed in stages, starting with a temporary flyover linking Temple Way with Redcliffe Way, and ultimately becoming a multi-level interchange. The original Bath Bridge would be replaced with a new span to the
522:
The remaining major routes out of Bristol were all subject to widening schemes. Any new development along these roads had to comply with set-back building lines referred to as road widening lines. These are still evident in places like Whiteladies Road where new buildings stand some 5–10 metres
326:
This road formed part of a comprehensive redevelopment scheme for Bedminster, which included Dalby Avenue (built as a by-pass for East Street) and the Outer Circuit Road. Although many properties were demolished, no significant construction of the by-pass took place south of Bedminster Bridge.
231:
The 1966 report proposed to widen this route to form a two-lane dual carriageway, with an almost continuous central reservation to restrict right-hand turns. Following the enlargement of St James Barton Roundabout to form today's Bear Pit, a second phase of construction would have seen this
573:
Before 1991 the route of the A4 between The Centre and Cumberland Basin passed along the south side of College Green. Traffic noise, pollution and intrusion led to a decision to close the College Green section of this route to motor traffic, which from 1991 was re-routed via Anchor Road.
364:, with incoming traffic using Cumberland Road, Commercial Road and Clarence Road on the north bank while outgoing traffic was to use York Road and Coronation Road on the south bank. Wapping Road was to be widened to 36 feet (11 m), to link with the Inner Circuit Road at The Grove.
599:
diversion of the dual carriageway which had disfigured Queen Square thirty years earlier, formed part of the Bristol City Centre Policy Report of 1966. These plans assumed that the traffic would be diverted onto new urban motorways running through what is now known as Harbourside.
303:
east, allowing for a flyover across Bath Bridge Roundabout for through traffic. At Three Lamps, space was made available to accommodate a large junction connecting the A37, A4 and Outer Circuit Road. Again it was intended that the junction could be expanded as demand increased.
192:. This was an area which was already undergoing redevelopment and traffic forecasts suggested that this part of the route was most needed. It also passed through an area where property was cheap, the topography was straightforward, and local opposition was poorly organised.
236:) with the north-west section of the Inner Circuit Road, leading towards The Centre. At the northern end of Cheltenham Road, a two-level interchange would connect with the Outer Circuit Road using Cotham Hill and new link roads near Arley Hill and Station Road.
564:
appropriate action can affect traffic in communities and areas some distance from the proposed road. The City and County Council believe that in general major new road construction is unlikely to address the city's current traffic problems...
577:
Although this scheme had some similarities to earlier proposals, it was much reduced in scale. A new link from Anchor Road to The Centre was provided, but Anchor Road remained a two-lane road and none of the other through routes were built.
183:
Whilst the route of the Inner Circuit Road passed through mostly commercial property, the Outer Circuit Road's route required large-scale demolition in residential suburbs. Construction was to be phased, starting with the section through
144:
was being built. Work continued despite the outbreak of World War II, and by the end of 1940 the Inner Circuit Road was largely complete from The Centre to Temple Way. Further developments were suspended for the duration of the war.
442:
to have been intended to connect to the A370 through Spike Island. The legacy of this is that the area west of Avon Crescent contains a complex knot of roads which are largely redundant, and leave little room for anything else.
699:
announced plans to downgrade the 'heavy road infrastructure' of Cumberland Basin and replace it with a 'less high impact' option, releasing some 15-20 ha of developable land with potential for providing 3,500 homes.
539:
The social and environmental costs of building urban road schemes, together with the realisation that they did not deliver their anticipated benefits, meant that most of these schemes were never completed. By 1973
683:
to Callington Road, near the Tesco Extra supermarket. This scheme is supported by the West of England Joint Transport study, but opposed by others who think the route could be better used as an urban greenway.
454:
and thence to Hotwell Road via Deanery Road. A new route was proposed which would improve the environment of College Green by taking traffic through the then derelict area of Canon's Marsh (now known as
215:
By the early 1970s, public opinion of urban roadbuilding had changed and pressure groups were starting to have an impact; but more than anything it was the economic climate that halted development.
1374:
466:
The road at the southern edge of College Green was closed in 1991, in a scheme which improved access to Anchor Road from The Centre. The remaining elements of this plan were not implemented.
463:
and link to The Grove at its junction with Prince Street; at the western end would be a multi-level junction with the Outer Circuit Road, Jacobs Wells Road, St Georges Road and Hotwell Road.
480:
The strategy for this route, given its role as an important shopping area, was to divert local through traffic away from it as far as practicable using the new road system in Canon's Marsh.
459:) on a one-way system using Anchor Road for inbound traffic and a new parallel road to its south for outbound traffic. At the eastern end of this road system, a new bridge would cross the
274:'. Several streets of Georgian properties, some listed, were cleared for Newfoundland Way which formed the final link from St Pauls Roundabout to the Inner Circuit Road at Bond Street.
80:
being built around the city. In addition, Bristol was at the focus of a number of through routes, with growing volumes of traffic concentrated into a highly constrained area in the
281:
and Easton, with the main links between the areas consisting of grade-separated dual carriageway intersections and narrow footbridges crossing the motorway at a dizzying height.
385:
Somerset County Council's County Development Plan of 1965 included a southern motorway link with Bristol, starting at Cumberland Basin and passing to the east and south east of
152:
The later phases of the Inner Circuit Road, from Old Market to the northern end of The Centre, attempted to vertically segregate pedestrians from motor traffic. At
85:
352:
18:
370:
houses along York Road were acquired and became derelict in anticipation of widening this route, but were eventually restored after the project was cancelled.
53:. The two ring roads were to be complemented by 8 radial roads, some of which would follow new routes while others would be made by widening existing roads.
626:
Temple Way and Bond Street were diverted to the east of their original alignment at their junction with Newfoundland Way from 2005 onwards to accommodate
714:
22:
Map of Bristol showing Inner Circuit Road (red), Outer Circuit Road (blue) and radial roads (grey) as detailed in Bristol City Centre Policy Report, 1966
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112:
for local traffic in the central area of Bristol. Construction started in 1936 with the laying out of Temple Way and Redcliffe Way, and by 1937 the
172:
Looking along the planned line of the Outer Circuit Road towards St Paul's Roundabout from Lower Ashley Rd. Easton Way lies beyond the roundabout.
92:'Bristol and Bath Regional Planning Study' of 1928, out of which the plan to ease Bristol's traffic congestion using concentric ring roads grew.
1344:
88:
committee chaired by B F Brueton, which developed into the Bristol and Bath and District Joint Regional Planning Committee. Brueton co-authored
655:
271:
382:. The A370 was to cross the New Cut on a new bridge west of Sydney Row before connecting to its current route near Greville Smyth Park.
56:
These schemes had for the most part been abandoned by the early 1990s, and subsequently much of what was built has been decommissioned.
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more than 500 terraced Victorian houses and businesses were demolished in preparation for a huge new roundabout that was never built.
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Redcliffe Bascule Bridge and St Mary Redcliffe, 2018; the dual carriageway now repurposed as a cycle lane, busway and two-lane road
64:
498:
and Bristol and was completed in 1926, thus predating the Abercrombie Report. The route follows the course of the River Avon from
168:
1409:
1006:
356:
Brunel Way, Cumberland Basin, looking east. Tight curves and, in the distance, slip roads leading to local roads on Spike Island.
49:
was intended to form an outer ring concentric with this, but the only substantial part to be completed was the 1.3 km-long
651:
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642:
531:
298:
The A4 from its junction with the Inner Circuit Road to its junction with the Outer Circuit Road and the A37 Wells Road in
1414:
243:, all properties on North Street were demolished for the construction of this road and its junction at St James Barton.
679:
The Callington Road Link is a proposed extension of St Philip's Causeway southwards along the course of the dismantled
360:
The 1966 City Centre Policy Report proposed that the A370 west of Bath Bridge would be routed along either side of the
1319:
1254:
499:
414:
1294:
394:
552:
in the late 1970s, the climate of opinion had changed: the primacy of the motor car was no longer assumed, and
315:, were demolished in 1968 to make way for the northern end of a proposed dual carriageway connecting with the
610:
motorways meant that by the mid-1970s most long-distance through traffic bypassed Bristol, and from 1986 the
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658:, had as a key objective the opening up of road links to derelict former railway land to the east of
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209:
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and changes in national policy halted spending on urban road schemes. By the time the economy had
34:, England. The planned road network evolved over time but at its core was a network of concentric
618:
In 2020 Baldwin Street was closed to private cars, further reducing motor traffic at The Centre.
553:
1132:
535:
Leaflet announcing experimental closure of College Green to through traffic, Bristol, June 1991
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roundabout replaced by a two-way underpass connecting North Street (the southern extension of
393:
and connecting with the M5 motorway at junction 20. Although this scheme did not survive the
1002:
693:
489:
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379:
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227:
Stokes Croft, looking north. Newer buildings on left are set back to allow for road widening
196:
113:
109:
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200:
185:
73:
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Lewins Mead, showing typical 1970s architecture and remains of vertical segregation deck
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450:
At the time of the 1966 report, the route of the A4 took it along the southern edge of
180:
The development plan for the Outer Circuit Road obtained ministerial approval in 1969.
141:
129:
27:
1239:
Priest, Gordon; Cobb, Pamela (1980). "The 1970s: The growth of the amenity movement".
1058:
Rajé, Fiona (2017). "1.3 The transport policy environment: legacies and innovations".
795:
789:
559:
This fundamental change is reflected in the Bristol Local Plan of 1992, which stated:
132:
and, ironically, requiring the demolition of the City Engineer's offices at No.63. At
1403:
1349:
Bath and North East Somerset, Bristol City, North Somerset, and South Gloucestershire
77:
1060:
Transport, Demand Management and Social Inclusion - The Need for Ethnic Perspectives
627:
402:
261:
256:
240:
233:
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Whiteladies Road. Newer buildings on left are set back behind 'road widening' line
277:
The M32 is an overwhelming barrier to mobility and accessibility for residents of
247:
reconstruction on Stokes Croft was set back behind a generous road widening line.
156:
roundabout, escalators led up to a system of bridges and decks leading through to
758:
Hasegawa, Junichi (1992). "3 Bristol, Coventry and Southampton before the war".
696:
607:
603:
503:
433:
386:
901:"40 Years Ago: Relieving traffic congestion – re-erectable flyover at Bristol"
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35:
1109:
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formed a ring around Bristol's central area and was completed in 1970. The
223:
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244:
76:
was one of rapid growth in Bristol, with 22,000 private homes and 12,000
1157:
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31:
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constrained site, led to its being the butt of jokes from the outset:
342:
A370 Coronation Road/Cumberland Road and Cumberland Basin Interchange
195:
Opposition grew as more people became aware of what was planned. In
594:
By 1964 it was recognised that the alignment of Redcliffe Way past
140:
and accommodate the new road was underway, and at Redcliff Backs a
641:
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St, the Inner Circuit Road formed a complete 3.4 km ring.
422:
Hast seen our brand new bridge, up there in Cumberland Basin?
942:
Unwin, T.J.; Bennett, J.B. (1966). "17 Future Road Pattern".
378:
to the immediate south and east of today's location of the
334:
was set up in 1976 on land cleared as part of this scheme.
265:
Footbridge over M32 between Baptist Mills and St Werbergh's
1345:"West of England Joint Transport Study: Transport Vision"
733:
Directorate of Planning and Development Services (1992).
428:
Where they goes, nobody knows, tain't no bleedin' wonder!
425:
The cars go by like thunder, and up and round and under,
1172:"A Close Shave – a spaghetti junction in the city docks"
1320:"Old Brislington Railway – Relief Road or Green Haven?"
1200:. Reece Winstone Archive & Publishing. p. 16.
961:. Reece Winstone Archive & Publishing. p. 18.
879:. Reece Winstone Archive & Publishing. p. 10.
374:
to the Inner Circuit Road, would have consumed most of
987:
Priest, Gordon; Cobb, Pamela (1980). "Urban renewal".
1279:
Avon County Council and Bristol City Council (1992).
847:
David J Eveleigh. "Chapter Three - The City Centre".
84:. To address this, in 1923 the city council set up a
1281:
Queen Square Experimental Closure to Through Traffic
311:
Properties on Redcliff Hill, including the historic
239:
With the exception of the Full Moon, a 17th-century
654:, set up in 1989 to develop an area to the east of
556:gained importance when making planning decisions.
116:of Redcliffe Way had been cut diagonally through
108:The Inner Circuit Road was intended as a primary
1243:. Bristol Civic Society and The Redcliffe Press.
991:. Bristol Civic Society and The Redcliffe Press.
494:The Portway was built to improve access between
1084:"Bedminster Comprehensive Redevelopment Scheme"
561:
420:
1295:"Bristol Bridge now closed to general traffic"
849:Britain in Old Photographs - Bristol 1920-1969
136:, construction of a culvert to cover over the
68:Bristol and Bath Regional Planning Scheme 1930
1375:"Bristol Development and Investment Hotspots"
1255:"Temple Gate: the junction through the years"
8:
1219:
1217:
1037:. Reece Winstone Archive & Publishing.
937:
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927:
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921:
842:
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715:Proposed transport developments in Bristol
582:Queen Square, Redcliffe Way and The Centre
982:
980:
978:
820:"City Engineer's Office, 63 Queen Square"
783:
781:
779:
307:A38 Redcliff Hill and Bedminster By-Pass
285:A420 Old Market Street and Lawrence Hill
270:this was linked with redevelopment and '
725:
338:relocating there, and refused to move.
30:policy for much of the 20th century in
1259:Bristol Temple Quarter Enterprise Zone
1007:"The Full Moon Public House (1282188)"
944:Bristol City Centre Policy Report 1966
791:Pevsner Architectural Guides - Bristol
527:Cancellation, alteration and extension
502:to Avonmouth, where it links with the
219:A38 St James Barton to Cheltenham Road
737:. Bristol City Council. p. 142.
389:before skirting the northern edge of
7:
395:1974 local government reorganisation
1108:"1950s Bristol Town Plans" (Map).
735:Draft Bristol Local Plan April 1992
1012:National Heritage List for England
760:Replanning the blitzed city centre
681:Bristol and North Somerset Railway
14:
794:. Yale University Press. p.
401:follows its route as far west as
470:A4018 Park Street to Queens Road
38:and high-capacity radial roads.
1226:College Green Pedestrianisation
652:Bristol Development Corporation
523:behind their older neighbours.
294:A4 Bath Road and A37 Wells Road
1:
1198:Bristol as it Was 1963 - 1975
1035:Bristol as it Was 1976 - 1980
959:Bristol as it Was 1963 - 1975
946:. City and County of Bristol.
446:A4 The Centre to Hotwell Road
26:Road building was central to
1224:Avon County Council (1991).
409:Cumberland Basin Interchange
1431:
487:
473:
345:
254:
164:Outer Circuit Road (A4320)
96:Inner Circuit Road (A4044)
762:. Open University Press.
90:Sir Patrick Abercrombie's
60:Planning and construction
1158:"Bristol - Bedminster 6"
1111:1950s Bristol Town Plans
905:newsteelconstruction.com
1410:20th century in Bristol
1379:Invest Bristol and Bath
1196:Winstone, John (1990).
1137:Windmill Hill City Farm
1033:Winstone, John (1995).
957:Winstone, John (1990).
436:, Virtute et Industrial
36:ring (or circuit) roads
788:Foyle, Andrew (2004).
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630:, an extension of the
602:The completion of the
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1241:The Fight for Bristol
989:The Fight for Bristol
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1415:Transport in Bristol
1299:Bristol City Council
877:Bristol in the 1940s
710:Transport in Bristol
675:Callington Road Link
656:Temple Meads Station
544:, a collapse in the
313:Redcliffe Shot Tower
1133:"Humble Beginnings"
646:St Philips Causeway
638:St Philips Causeway
634:shopping district.
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554:urban conservation
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399:Long Ashton Bypass
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47:Outer Circuit Road
43:Inner Circuit Road
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660:St Philip's Marsh
596:St Mary Redcliffe
290:and West Street.
251:M32 (The Parkway)
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1385:on 12 April 2018
1381:. Archived from
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692:In 2018 Bristol
500:Cumberland Basin
490:Portway, Bristol
461:Floating Harbour
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415:Cumberland Basin
380:SS Great Britain
188:from the M32 to
114:dual carriageway
110:distributor road
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