692:
27:
3267:
686:
413:
2058:
3326:
833:
313:
interplanetary probe toward a 1998 encounter with
Giacobini–Zinner, but that probe lacked the propellant for the necessary maneuvers and the project was abandoned.
1329:
2952:
1012:
1309:
765:
3291:
1897:
1389:
417:
2925:
1957:
876:
72:
2811:
2321:
279:
195:
3311:
3213:
3174:
2405:
1484:
907:
473:
2863:
2425:
1867:
1159:
623:
42:
301:
spacecraft, which passed through its plasma tail on
September 11, 1985. Earlier in the same month the comet was observed by the
1887:
1374:
818:
298:
3144:
2311:
2744:
2430:
1837:
828:
2116:
1439:
439:
691:
2131:
755:
3149:
2440:
1469:
1259:
1249:
3033:
2286:
267:, but in 1946 it underwent a series of outbursts that made it as bright as 5th magnitude. It is the parent body of the
2296:
840:
750:
3023:
2466:
1988:
1962:
1922:
1917:
1763:
1607:
1572:
1562:
316:
During the apparition of 2018, the optical spectra have revealed the comet is depleted in carbon-chain molecules and
3306:
3159:
2326:
871:
738:
728:
723:
3196:
2388:
1952:
1474:
1384:
1279:
685:
547:
263:
is estimated to be 2.0 kilometers in diameter. During its apparitions, Giacobini–Zinner can reach about the 7-8th
3201:
3137:
3132:
3127:
2631:
2576:
2393:
760:
350:
3218:
2346:
2080:
1907:
1464:
1364:
1339:
1234:
26:
3301:
3296:
2893:
1077:
922:
241:
1712:
1617:
1499:
1409:
1394:
1319:
1219:
3223:
2351:
3321:
3316:
3095:
2666:
1090:
1007:
850:
713:
708:
575:
157:
2749:
2336:
1912:
1582:
1504:
1294:
3164:
3122:
3060:
2646:
2641:
2461:
2363:
823:
346:
2014:
1892:
1769:
1687:
1622:
1424:
1379:
1194:
491:"High-resolution Optical Spectroscopic Observations of Comet 21P/Giacobini–Zinner in its 2018 Apparition"
3090:
3055:
2784:
2726:
2676:
2656:
2536:
1026:
987:
917:
892:
302:
2858:
2383:
1612:
1349:
1139:
3154:
2491:
3016:
2799:
2769:
2591:
2581:
2496:
2251:
733:
616:
512:
141:
3235:
2826:
2481:
2471:
1399:
1304:
1164:
400:
2989:
2979:
2974:
2935:
2915:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2794:
2716:
2706:
2686:
2671:
2661:
2651:
2606:
2561:
2506:
2291:
2281:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2201:
2185:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
1842:
1021:
997:
992:
972:
927:
797:
164:
3006:
2940:
2930:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2821:
2779:
2754:
2696:
2616:
2596:
2511:
2501:
2435:
2420:
1727:
1627:
1369:
1002:
977:
967:
957:
937:
897:
502:
264:
3230:
3112:
2586:
2546:
1647:
3028:
2851:
2846:
2701:
2378:
2368:
2341:
2316:
2150:
2074:
2004:
1632:
1264:
1109:
1049:
952:
947:
902:
469:
283:
114:
98:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3169:
3043:
3038:
2920:
2711:
2611:
2551:
2531:
2521:
2486:
2456:
1983:
1119:
1044:
932:
813:
781:
777:
520:
233:
91:
47:
3270:
3240:
2836:
2721:
2476:
1414:
1404:
1073:
912:
743:
655:
609:
131:
1577:
516:
3085:
3011:
3001:
2888:
2556:
2541:
2410:
2104:
1947:
1832:
1812:
1790:
1732:
1697:
1652:
1359:
1224:
1134:
1054:
552:
370:
317:
229:
151:
3285:
3107:
3050:
2969:
2831:
2764:
2400:
2373:
2358:
2196:
1967:
1927:
1882:
1817:
1796:
1692:
1597:
1239:
942:
787:
675:
650:
271:
260:
249:
237:
210:
2957:
2516:
2246:
2110:
2086:
2034:
2019:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1877:
1807:
1642:
1602:
1587:
1567:
1557:
1489:
1479:
1334:
1324:
1254:
1204:
1199:
1189:
584:
245:
51:
3065:
2681:
543:
3117:
2996:
2841:
2804:
2571:
2044:
2039:
2024:
1827:
1785:
1775:
1757:
1752:
1722:
1717:
1677:
1672:
1657:
1552:
1529:
1519:
1514:
1494:
1444:
1434:
1344:
1314:
1284:
1244:
1229:
1114:
772:
268:
525:
490:
320:, likely indicating its origin in relatively warm portion of the Solar system.
3208:
3070:
2868:
2774:
2691:
2626:
2415:
2009:
1902:
1872:
1852:
1822:
1547:
1524:
1454:
1449:
1299:
1289:
1269:
1184:
1179:
1169:
1154:
1129:
962:
845:
718:
670:
660:
253:
3100:
3080:
3075:
2984:
2962:
2945:
2816:
2789:
2759:
2636:
2621:
2601:
2566:
2526:
2331:
2306:
2301:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2241:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2191:
2180:
2155:
1802:
1780:
1707:
1702:
1682:
1667:
1662:
1637:
1592:
1459:
1354:
1214:
1144:
982:
594:
558:
374:
287:
275:
2098:
2092:
2029:
1742:
1509:
1429:
1419:
1274:
1174:
1149:
855:
792:
665:
563:
310:
466:
Robotic
Exploration of the Solar System Part I: The Golden Age 1957–1982
1124:
440:"Comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner Shines in September – Sky & Telescope"
507:
414:"Horizons Batch for 21P/Giacobini-Zinner (90000322) on 2025-Mar-25"
700:
632:
306:
121:
108:
291:
2186:
C/1680 V1 (Great Comet of 1680, Kirsch's Comet, Newton's Comet)
1071:
605:
416:(Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive).
489:
Shinnaka, Yoshiharu; Kawakita, Hideyo; Tajitsu, Akito (2020).
2202:
C/1743 X1 (Great Comet of 1744, Comet
Klinkenberg-Chéseaux)
244:
on
December 20, 1900. It was recovered two orbits later by
601:
347:"JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 21P/Giacobini–Zinner"
2735:
2449:
2143:
2130:
2057:
1997:
1976:
1860:
1851:
1741:
1538:
1100:
1089:
1035:
885:
864:
806:
699:
643:
209:
204:
193:
185:
173:
163:
150:
140:
130:
120:
107:
97:
90:
70:
65:
57:
41:
36:
617:
8:
19:
309:space officials considered redirecting the
2140:
1857:
1097:
1086:
1068:
640:
624:
610:
602:
571:
232:in the Solar System. It was discovered by
524:
506:
377:. OAA Computing and Minor Planet Sections
341:
339:
337:
335:
333:
2287:C/1887 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1887)
2262:C/1865 B1 (Great Southern Comet of 1865)
2197:C/1729 P1 (Comet of 1729, Comet Sarabat)
3327:Astronomical objects discovered in 1900
2297:C/1910 A1 (Great January Comet of 1910)
464:Ulivi, Paolo; Harland, David M (2007).
329:
297:Giacobini–Zinner was the target of the
18:
2237:C/1843 D1 (Great March Comet of 1843)
395:
393:
391:
7:
877:List of comets visited by spacecraft
428:(JPL#K182/14 Soln.date: 2021-Mar-23)
2322:C/1941 B2 (de Kock-Paraskevopoulos)
280:minimum orbit intersection distance
14:
2462:C/1992 J1 (Spacewatch–Rabinowitz)
2242:C/1847 T1 (Miss Mitchell's Comet)
200:0.018 AU (2,700,000 km)
3266:
3265:
2312:C/1927 X1 (Skjellerup–Maristany)
690:
684:
375:"21P/Giacobini-Zinner (NK 2191)"
25:
16:Periodic comet with 6 year orbit
2406:C/1970 K1 (White–Ortiz–Bolelli)
2292:C/1901 G1 (Great Comet of 1901)
2282:C/1882 R1 (Great Comet of 1882)
2257:C/1861 J1 (Great Comet of 1861)
2232:C/1823 Y1 (Great Comet of 1823)
2227:C/1819 N1 (Great Comet of 1819)
2222:C/1811 F1 (Great Comet of 1811)
2217:C/1807 R1 (Great Comet of 1807)
2212:C/1769 P1 (Great Comet of 1769)
2207:C/1760 A1 (Great Comet of 1760)
2176:C/1577 V1 (Great Comet of 1577)
2171:C/1471 Y1 (Great Comet of 1472)
2166:C/1402 D1 (Great Comet of 1402)
2161:C/1264 N1 (Great Comet of 1264)
2156:X/1106 C1 (Great Comet of 1106)
819:Observational history of comets
349:(last observation:2013-04-01).
299:International Cometary Explorer
2441:C/1989 Y1 (Skorichenko–George)
2431:C/1989 W1 (Aarseth-Brewington)
1838:P/2013 R3 (Catalina-PANSTARRS)
555:– Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
1:
2426:C/1983 H1 (IRAS–Araki–Alcock)
908:C/2023 A3 (Tsuchinshan–ATLAS)
278:). The comet currently has a
80:P/1913 U1; 1926 VI; 1933 III;
3292:Comets visited by spacecraft
2467:C/1993 Y1 (McNaught–Russell)
2389:C/1969 T1 (Tago-Sato-Kosaka)
1989:D/1993 F2 (Shoemaker–Levy 9)
1898:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
1390:57P/du Toit–Neujmin–Delporte
438:King, Bob (29 August 2018).
78:1900 III; P/1900 Y1; 1913 V;
1958:226P/Pigott–LINEAR–Kowalski
1330:45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková
1310:41P/Tuttle–Giacobini–Kresák
841:Extraterrestrial atmosphere
559:21P at Kronk's Cometography
3343:
2347:C/1961 O1 (Wilson-Hubbard)
2327:C/1947 X1 (Southern Comet)
2267:X/1872 X1 (Pogson's Comet)
2252:C/1861 G1 (Comet Thatcher)
872:List of missions to comets
84:1966 I; 1972 VI; 1979 III;
82:1940 I; 1946 V; 1959 VIII;
3312:Meteor shower progenitors
3261:
2632:C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring)
2577:C/2007 Q3 (Siding Spring)
2277:C/1881 K1 (Comet Tebbutt)
2192:C/1702 H1 (Comet of 1702)
2151:C/-43 K1 (Caesar's Comet)
2117:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
1485:76P/West–Kohoutek–Ikemura
1440:67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko
1085:
1067:
1017:(Bernardinelli–Bernstein)
682:
639:
574:
468:. Springer. p. 281.
351:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
248:, while he was observing
236:, who observed it in the
24:
2337:C/1956 R1 (Arend–Roland)
2272:C/1874 H1 (Comet Coggia)
2247:C/1858 L1 (Comet Donati)
1470:73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
1260:31P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
1250:29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann
923:C/2021 J1 (Maury-Attard)
526:10.3847/1538-3881/ab7d34
495:The Astronomical Journal
205:Physical characteristics
73:Alternative designations
2812:de Kock–Paraskevopoulos
2667:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
1868:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
1160:11P/Tempel–Swift–LINEAR
1008:C/2015 ER61 (PanSTARRS)
851:Small Solar System body
564:Comet 21P – Comet Watch
282:to Earth of 0.035
224:(officially designated
92:Orbital characteristics
2647:C/2013 V5 (Oukaimeden)
2642:C/2013 US10 (Catalina)
2487:C/1998 H1 (Stonehouse)
2384:C/1965 S1 (Ikeya-Seki)
2364:C/1962 C1 (Seki-Lines)
1963:271P/van Houten–Lemmon
1923:107P/Wilson–Harrington
1918:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
1888:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
1764:4015 Wilson–Harrington
1608:147P/Kushida–Muramatsu
1573:107P/Wilson–Harrington
1563:97P/Metcalf–Brewington
1375:54P/de Vico–Swift–NEAT
222:Comet Giacobini–Zinner
3165:Spacewatch–Rabinowitz
2727:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
2677:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
2657:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
2622:C/2012 K1 (PANSTARRS)
2602:C/2011 L4 (PANSTARRS)
2547:C/2006 A1 (Pojmański)
2537:C/2004 F4 (Bradfield)
2517:C/2001 OG108 (LONEOS)
2482:C/1997 L1 (Zhu–Balam)
2477:C/1996 B2 (Hyakutake)
2472:C/1995 O1 (Hale–Bopp)
2307:C/1911 S3 (Beljawsky)
1953:206P/Barnard–Boattini
1475:74P/Smirnova–Chernykh
1385:56P/Slaughter–Burnham
1280:35P/Herschel–Rigollet
1027:C/2014 Q1 (PanSTARRS)
988:C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS)
918:C/2021 O3 (PanSTARRS)
893:C/2023 P1 (Nishimura)
589:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
303:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
256:on October 23, 1913.
3145:Skjellerup–Maristany
2682:1I/2017 U1 ʻOumuamua
2592:C/2009 R1 (McNaught)
2582:C/2007 W1 (Boattini)
2557:C/2006 P1 (McNaught)
2542:C/2004 Q2 (Machholz)
2497:C/1999 F1 (Catalina)
2411:C/1973 E1 (Kohoutek)
2081:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
2069:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
1908:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
1465:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
1365:52P/Harrington–Abell
1340:47P/Ashbrook–Jackson
1235:26P/Grigg–Skjellerup
1210:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
553:21P/Giacobini-Zinner
226:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
31:Near 2018 perihelion
20:21P/Giacobini–Zinner
3214:White–Ortiz–Bolelli
2717:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
2707:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
2687:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
2672:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
2662:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
2652:C/2014 E2 (Jacques)
2637:C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
2607:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
2587:C/2009 F6 (Yi–SWAN)
2562:C/2007 E2 (Lovejoy)
2507:C/2000 WM1 (LINEAR)
2401:C/1969 Y1 (Bennett)
2374:C/1963 R1 (Pereyra)
2359:C/1961 R1 (Humason)
2332:C/1948 V1 (Eclipse)
1843:(300163) 2006 VW139
1713:332P/Ikeya–Murakami
1618:156P/Russell–LINEAR
1500:79P/du Toit–Hartley
1410:61P/Shajn–Schaldach
1395:58P/Jackson–Neujmin
1320:43P/Wolf–Harrington
1220:23P/Brorsen–Metcalf
1022:C/2014 Q2 (Lovejoy)
998:C/2015 V2 (Johnson)
993:C/2016 U1 (NEOWISE)
973:C/2018 Y1 (Iwamoto)
943:C/2020 F3 (NEOWISE)
928:C/2021 A1 (Leonard)
517:2020AJ....159..203S
444:Sky & Telescope
274:(also known as the
58:Discovery date
21:
3150:Skorichenko–George
2745:Aarseth-Brewington
2697:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
2617:C/2012 F6 (Lemmon)
2597:C/2010 X1 (Elenin)
2567:C/2007 F1 (LONEOS)
2527:C/2002 T7 (LINEAR)
2512:C/2001 A2 (LINEAR)
2502:C/1999 S4 (LINEAR)
2436:C/1989 X1 (Austin)
2421:C/1980 E1 (Bowell)
2302:C/1911 O1 (Brooks)
2005:D/1770 L1 (Lexell)
1913:80P/Peters–Hartley
1628:162P/Siding Spring
1505:80P/Peters–Hartley
1370:53P/Van Biesbroeck
1295:38P/Stephan–Oterma
1003:C/2015 G2 (MASTER)
978:C/2018 C2 (Lemmon)
968:P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS)
958:C/2019 U6 (Lemmon)
938:C/2020 F5 (MASTER)
898:C/2023 H2 (Lemmon)
548:Horizons Ephemeris
546:from JPL (Java) /
544:Orbital simulation
86:1985 XIII; 1992 IX
43:Discovered by
3307:Near-Earth comets
3279:
3278:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
2864:IRAS–Araki–Alcock
2702:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
2572:C/2007 N3 (Lulin)
2379:C/1964 N1 (Ikeya)
2369:C/1963 A1 (Ikeya)
2342:C/1957 P1 (Mrkos)
2317:C/1931 P1 (Ryves)
2126:
2125:
2053:
2052:
2015:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
1893:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
1770:7968 Elst–Pizarro
1688:273P/Pons–Gambart
1633:168P/Hergenrother
1623:161P/Hartley–IRAS
1583:109P/Swift–Tuttle
1425:64P/Swift–Gehrels
1380:55P/Tempel–Tuttle
1195:18D/Perrine–Mrkos
1063:
1062:
1050:Comets in fiction
953:C/2019 Y1 (ATLAS)
948:C/2019 Y4 (ATLAS)
903:C/2023 E1 (ATLAS)
829:Comet discoverers
600:
599:
403:
290:; 3,300,000
219:
218:
179:February 11, 2012
61:December 20, 1900
3334:
3269:
3268:
3227:
3205:
3197:Tago-Sato-Kosaka
3024:McNaught–Russell
2712:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
2627:C/2012 S1 (ISON)
2612:C/2012 E2 (SWAN)
2552:C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
2532:C/2002 V1 (NEAT)
2522:C/2001 Q4 (NEAT)
2492:C/1998 J1 (SOHO)
2457:C/1990 K1 (Levy)
2416:C/1975 V1 (West)
2397:
2355:
2141:
1858:
1613:153P/Ikeya–Zhang
1350:49P/Arend–Rigaux
1140:7P/Pons–Winnecke
1098:
1087:
1069:
1045:Antimatter comet
933:C/2020 F8 (SWAN)
814:Naming of comets
694:
688:
641:
626:
619:
612:
603:
572:
531:
530:
528:
510:
486:
480:
479:
461:
455:
454:
452:
450:
435:
429:
427:
425:
424:
410:
404:
399:
397:
386:
385:
383:
382:
367:
361:
360:
358:
357:
343:
286:(5,200,000
234:Michel Giacobini
48:Michel Giacobini
29:
22:
3342:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3302:Numbered comets
3297:Periodic comets
3282:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3245:
3221:
3199:
2737:
2731:
2722:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
2445:
2391:
2349:
2135:
2133:
2122:
2060:
2049:
1993:
1972:
1847:
1744:
1737:
1540:
1534:
1415:62P/Tsuchinshan
1405:60P/Tsuchinshan
1400:59P/Kearns–Kwee
1165:12P/Pons–Brooks
1102:
1092:
1081:
1074:Lists of comets
1059:
1037:
1031:
1016:
913:C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
881:
860:
802:
695:
689:
680:
635:
630:
593:
583:
576:Numbered comets
569:
540:
535:
534:
488:
487:
483:
476:
463:
462:
458:
448:
446:
437:
436:
432:
422:
420:
412:
411:
407:
398:
389:
380:
378:
369:
368:
364:
355:
353:
345:
344:
331:
326:
186:Next perihelion
180:
178:
174:Last perihelion
132:Semi-major axis
85:
83:
81:
79:
75:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3322:Comets in 2018
3319:
3317:Comets in 2012
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3219:Wilson–Hubbard
3216:
3211:
3206:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3086:311P/PanSTARRS
3083:
3078:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3014:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2967:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2147:
2145:
2138:
2132:Near-Parabolic
2128:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1948:205P/Giacobini
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1833:358P/PANSTARRS
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1813:311P/PanSTARRS
1810:
1805:
1800:
1794:
1791:60558 Echeclus
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1767:
1761:
1755:
1749:
1747:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1733:460P/PanSTARRS
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1698:311P/PanSTARRS
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1653:205P/Giacobini
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1542:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1360:51P/Harrington
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1265:32P/Comas Solà
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1225:24P/Schaumasse
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1083:
1082:
1072:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1055:Comet vintages
1052:
1047:
1041:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
889:
887:
883:
882:
880:
879:
874:
868:
866:
862:
861:
859:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
837:
836:
826:
821:
816:
810:
808:
804:
803:
801:
800:
795:
790:
785:
775:
770:
769:
768:
763:
758:
756:Near-parabolic
748:
747:
746:
741:
736:
734:Jupiter-family
731:
726:
721:
716:
705:
703:
697:
696:
683:
681:
679:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
647:
645:
637:
636:
631:
629:
628:
621:
614:
606:
598:
597:
590:
587:
579:
578:
567:
566:
561:
556:
550:
539:
538:External links
536:
533:
532:
481:
474:
456:
430:
405:
387:
373:(2012-02-05).
371:Syuichi Nakano
362:
328:
327:
325:
322:
318:carbon dioxide
250:variable stars
230:periodic comet
217:
216:
213:
207:
206:
202:
201:
198:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
175:
171:
170:
167:
161:
160:
154:
152:Orbital period
148:
147:
144:
138:
137:
134:
128:
127:
124:
118:
117:
111:
105:
104:
101:
95:
94:
88:
87:
76:
71:
68:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
45:
39:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3339:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3272:
3264:
3263:
3260:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3225:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3128:Siding Spring
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2740:
2734:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2353:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2129:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1968:289P/Blanpain
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1928:113P/Spitaler
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1883:27P/Crommelin
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1818:324P/La Sagra
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1797:118401 LINEAR
1795:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1693:289P/Blanpain
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:178P/Hug–Bell
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1598:141P/Machholz
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1240:27P/Crommelin
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
890:
888:
884:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
867:
863:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
835:
832:
831:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
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766:Unknown-orbit
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676:Meteor shower
674:
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475:9780387493268
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305:In addition,
304:
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281:
277:
273:
272:meteor shower
270:
266:
262:
261:comet nucleus
257:
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238:constellation
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40:
35:
28:
23:
2958:C/2001 OG108
2750:Arend–Roland
2111:103P/Hartley
2101:(2005, 2011)
2087:19P/Borrelly
2068:
2035:75D/Kohoutek
2020:20D/Westphal
1943:177P/Barnard
1938:157P/Tritton
1933:122P/de Vico
1808:259P/Garradd
1643:177P/Barnard
1603:144P/Kushida
1588:122P/de Vico
1578:108P/Ciffréo
1568:103P/Hartley
1558:96P/Machholz
1490:77P/Longmore
1480:75D/Kohoutek
1335:46P/Wirtanen
1325:44P/Reinmuth
1255:30P/Reinmuth
1209:
1205:20D/Westphal
1200:19P/Borrelly
798:Interstellar
751:Non-periodic
585:20D/Westphal
568:
498:
494:
484:
465:
459:
449:15 September
447:. Retrieved
443:
433:
421:. Retrieved
418:JPL Horizons
408:
379:. Retrieved
365:
354:. Retrieved
315:
296:
258:
246:Ernst Zinner
225:
221:
220:
181:July 2, 2005
142:Eccentricity
66:Designations
52:Ernst Zinner
3222: [
3200: [
3096:C/2015 ER61
2805:C/2013 US10
2392: [
2350: [
2045:85D/Boethin
2040:83D/Russell
2025:25D/Neujmin
1828:354P/LINEAR
1786:167P/CINEOS
1776:165P/LINEAR
1758:2060 Chiron
1753:596 Scheila
1723:354P/LINEAR
1718:333P/LINEAR
1678:252P/LINEAR
1673:249P/LINEAR
1658:209P/LINEAR
1553:92P/Sanguin
1530:85D/Boethin
1520:83D/Russell
1515:82P/Gehrels
1495:78P/Gehrels
1445:68P/Klemola
1435:66P/du Toit
1345:48P/Johnson
1315:42P/Neujmin
1305:40P/Väisälä
1285:36P/Whipple
1245:28P/Neujmin
1230:25D/Neujmin
1135:6P/d'Arrest
1038:speculation
1036:Culture and
865:Exploration
773:Great Comet
729:Halley-type
724:Long period
269:Giacobinids
189:2025-Mar-25
177:2018-Sep-10
165:Inclination
3286:Categories
3170:Stonehouse
3123:Seki–Lines
3071:Pan-STARRS
3061:Oukaimeden
2936:C/2000 WM1
2859:Ikeya-Seki
2736:After 1910
2692:2I/Borisov
2450:After 1990
2144:Until 1990
2061:spacecraft
2059:Visited by
2010:5D/Brorsen
1903:69P/Taylor
1878:17P/Holmes
1873:15P/Finlay
1823:331P/Gibbs
1743:Comet-like
1548:88P/Howell
1539:After 1985
1525:84P/Giclas
1455:70P/Kojima
1450:69P/Taylor
1300:39P/Oterma
1290:37P/Forbes
1270:33P/Daniel
1190:17P/Holmes
1185:16P/Brooks
1180:15P/Finlay
1170:13P/Olbers
1155:10P/Tempel
1130:5D/Brorsen
1101:Until 1985
963:2I/Borisov
846:Oort cloud
778:Sungrazing
761:Hyperbolic
739:Encke-type
671:Comet dust
508:2004.11008
501:(5): 203.
423:2021-04-10
381:2012-02-18
356:2016-01-10
324:References
254:Beta Scuti
211:Dimensions
122:Perihelion
103:2025-03-26
3236:Zhu–Balam
3190:C/2020 F8
3185:C/2012 E2
3180:C/2006 M4
3138:C/2013 A1
3133:C/2007 Q3
3113:Pojmański
3101:C/2017 K2
3091:C/2014 Q1
3081:C/2012 K1
3076:C/2011 L4
3066:ʻOumuamua
3056:Nishimura
3044:C/2002 V1
3039:C/2001 Q4
3017:C/2009 R1
3012:C/2006 P1
2990:C/2014 Q2
2985:C/2013 R1
2980:C/2011 W3
2975:C/2007 E2
2963:C/2007 F1
2946:C/2002 T7
2941:C/2001 A2
2931:C/1999 S4
2909:C/2019 U6
2904:C/2018 C2
2899:C/2012 F6
2852:C/1964 N1
2847:C/1963 A1
2837:Hyakutake
2827:Hale-Bopp
2800:C/1999 F1
2785:Bradfield
2760:Beljawsky
2738:(by name)
2181:C/1652 Y1
2136:(notable)
2105:C/2006 P1
2099:9P/Tempel
2075:1P/Halley
1998:Not found
1977:Destroyed
1861:Recovered
1803:238P/Read
1781:166P/NEAT
1745:asteroids
1708:323P/SOHO
1703:322P/SOHO
1683:255P/Levy
1668:246P/NEAT
1663:238P/Read
1638:169P/NEAT
1593:126P/IRAS
1541:(notable)
1460:71P/Clark
1355:50P/Arend
1215:22P/Kopff
1150:9P/Tempel
1145:8P/Tuttle
1110:1P/Halley
1013:C/2014 UN
983:C/2017 U7
744:Main-belt
595:22P/Kopff
276:Draconids
265:magnitude
37:Discovery
3271:Category
3160:Southern
3007:McNaught
3002:Machholz
2889:Kohoutek
2795:Catalina
2770:Boattini
2093:81P/Wild
2030:34D/Gale
1984:3D/Biela
1510:81P/Wild
1430:65P/Gunn
1420:63P/Wild
1275:34D/Gale
1175:14P/Wolf
1120:3D/Biela
1115:2P/Encke
1091:Periodic
856:Asteroid
793:Exocomet
714:Numbered
709:Periodic
666:Antitail
644:Features
582:Previous
311:Sakigake
307:Japanese
242:Aquarius
136:3.492 AU
126:1.009 AU
109:Aphelion
3231:Yi–SWAN
3108:Pereyra
3051:NEOWISE
2970:Lovejoy
2916:Leonard
2884:Johnson
2879:Jacques
2874:Iwamoto
2832:Humason
2817:Eclipse
2775:Borisov
2765:Bennett
1125:4P/Faye
824:Centaur
807:Related
788:Extinct
651:Nucleus
513:Bibcode
228:) is a
169:32.050°
2953:LONEOS
2926:LINEAR
2894:Lemmon
2822:Elenin
2790:Brooks
2780:Bowell
2755:Austin
2134:comets
2119:(2014)
2113:(2010)
2107:(2007)
2095:(2004)
2089:(2001)
2083:(1992)
2077:(1986)
2071:(1985)
1799:(176P)
1793:(174P)
1772:(133P)
1766:(107P)
1093:comets
886:Latest
834:LINEAR
782:Kreutz
633:Comets
472:
194:Earth
146:0.7110
3226:]
3204:]
3118:Ryves
3029:Mrkos
2997:Lulin
2842:Ikeya
2396:]
2354:]
1760:(95P)
1103:(all)
701:Types
661:Tails
503:arXiv
252:near
156:6.52
113:5.97
99:Epoch
3209:West
3175:SWAN
3155:SOHO
3034:NEAT
2921:Levy
2869:ISON
1853:Lost
1728:362P
1078:more
719:Lost
656:Coma
592:Next
470:ISBN
451:2018
259:The
215:2 km
196:MOID
3241:ZTF
1015:271
521:doi
499:159
401:MPC
294:).
240:of
3288::
3224:de
3202:de
2394:de
2352:de
519:.
511:.
497:.
493:.
442:.
390:^
332:^
292:mi
288:km
284:AU
158:yr
115:AU
50:,
2188:)
1080:)
1076:(
784:)
780:(
625:e
618:t
611:v
529:.
523::
515::
505::
478:.
453:.
426:.
384:.
359:.
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